EP0142820B1 - Method of controlling multiprocessing system and hardware arrangement for accomplishing the method - Google Patents
Method of controlling multiprocessing system and hardware arrangement for accomplishing the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0142820B1 EP0142820B1 EP84113751A EP84113751A EP0142820B1 EP 0142820 B1 EP0142820 B1 EP 0142820B1 EP 84113751 A EP84113751 A EP 84113751A EP 84113751 A EP84113751 A EP 84113751A EP 0142820 B1 EP0142820 B1 EP 0142820B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- processors
- gate
- shared resource
- logic
- processor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/52—Program synchronisation; Mutual exclusion, e.g. by means of semaphores
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
- G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
- G06F15/163—Interprocessor communication
- G06F15/167—Interprocessor communication using a common memory, e.g. mailbox
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
- G06F9/30003—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions
- G06F9/3004—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions to perform operations on memory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/30—Arrangements for executing machine instructions, e.g. instruction decode
- G06F9/30003—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions
- G06F9/30076—Arrangements for executing specific machine instructions to perform miscellaneous control operations, e.g. NOP
- G06F9/30087—Synchronisation or serialisation instructions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of controlling multiprocessing system in which a main memory is shared in common by a plurality of programs concurrently executed on a plurality of processors, and more specifically to such a method for controlling sharing of one or more common resources of the main memory.
- the present invention also relates to a hardware arrangement for accomplishing the above-mentioned method.
- a multiprocessing system carries out more than one program at the same time. It has been known in such a system to use a so-called TEST AND SET instruction in order to control sharing of a common resource (viz., a common storage area) of the main memory by more than one program.
- the operand of the TEST AND SET instruction is a data which indicates whether or not a corresponding shared resource is locked.
- the TEST AND SET instruction will be referred to as the TS instruction, while the operand of the TS instruction will be referred to as a GATE.
- each shared resource has its own GATE.
- the first bit (the leftmost bit) of the GATE is used as a control bit.
- control bit is a logic "1"
- a control code is set to a logic "1" which indicates that the shared resource is locked (viz., not available for use because a program executed on one processor is now in use).
- the control code is set to a logic "0" which indicates that the shared resource is unlocked (viz., available for use).
- Fig. 1 is a flowchart showing how the sharing of the common resource is controlled utilizing the TS instruction according to the prior art.
- one of the plurality of processors obtains a right to use a common bus (step 10) in order to access the shared resource of the main memory.
- the processor reads out the GATE (step 12) from the main memory, after calculating or determining the address of the GATE.
- the processor checks whether the first bit of the gate is a logic "1" (step 14). If the first bit of the GATE is a logic "1”, the program goes to step 16 in which a condition code (abbreviated CC in Fig. 1) is set to a logic "1", and if a logic "0", the condition code is set to a logic "0" at step 18.
- CC condition code
- each processor is provided with a register for storing the condition code.
- the processor checks whether the condition code is a logic "0" (step 24). If the condition code is a logic "1", the program recycles to step 10 and repeats the aforesaid steps until the condition code is detected to be a logic "0" at step 24. Contrarily, if the condition code is determined to be logic "0" at step 24, the program goes to step 26 in which the program executed on the processor in question accesses the shared resource and executes a predetermined operation(s). Thereafter, the GATE is set to all "0"s at step 28 in order to unlock or free the shared resource.
- the TS instruction includes two accesses to the main memory: (a) the readout of the GATE and (b) the writing of all "1"s to the entire GATE.
- main memory viz., using the common bus
- the second processor prevents other processors from accessing the main memory, and hence the repeating of the TS instructions causes the access of the other processor to the main memory to be delayed. This means that the second processor is delayed in unlocking the shared resource. Consequently, the overall system efficiency is lowered by the repeating of the TS instruction.
- the condition code is determined to be a logic "1"
- the program sets a timer and thence becomes free from the control of the processor, and thereafter again being executed by the processor upon the expiration of a predetermined time interval and processing the TS instruction or (b) a predetermined number of no-operation instructions are repeated.
- the first method makes a so-called overhead large due to the program switching.
- the second method does not contribute to the increase of the system execution speed in that each no-operation instruction should be read out from the main memory.
- the prior art (b) entitled “The kernel of the multimicroprocessor operating system for a small local exchange" suggests that the access to critical regions (shared resources) can be speeded up if a processor that finds a critical region busy enters into an "idle state".
- the prior art (b) does not suggest an important feature of this invention that a processor uses a common bus only when there exists a possibility that a shared resource can be used.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling multiprocessing system by which the aforesaid difficulties of the prior art are overcome.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling a multiprocessing system by which the execution speed is increased as compared with the prior art when a commonly shared resource(s) is to be used by more than two programs executed on more than two processors within the same period of time.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hardware arrangement for controlling multiprocessing system by which the aforesaid difficulties of the prior art are overcome.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to prpvide a hardware arrangement for controlling multiprocessing system by which the execution speed is increased as compared with the prior art when a commonly shared resource(s) is to be used by more than two programs executed by more than two processors within the same time period.
- a first aspect of the present invention takes the form of a method of controlling a multiprocessing system wherein a plurality of programs are processed simultaneously by two or more processors which share in common a main memory, and wherein each of said processors locks a shared resource within the main memory by the steps of: (a) obtaining a right to use a common bus; (b) fetching the operand of a lock instruction; (c) determining whether the operand satisfies a first predetermined condition; (d) abandoning the right to use the common bus if the operand does not satisfy the first predetermined condition, and waiting until receiving an unlock signal from one of the processors via a logic OR gate; (e) repeating the steps (a) through (c) if the unlock signal is applied thereto; (f) writing a first predetermined code into the operand if the operand satisfies the first predetermined condition; and (g) abandoning the right to use the common bus; and wherein each of the processors unlocks the shared resource by the steps of: (h
- Another aspect of the present invention takes the form of a hardware arrangement for controlling a multiprocessing system wherein a plurality of programs are processed simultaneously by two or more processors which share in common a main memory, and wherein the processors lock a shared resource within the main memory
- the hardware arrangement comprising: an OR gate which has a plurality of input terminals coupled to an output terminal of each of the processors, and which has an output terminal coupled to a input terminal of each of the processors, the OR gate being supplied with an unlock signal which one of the processors produces when unlocking the shared resource.
- FIG. 2 there is shown in block diagram form one example of an arrangement according to the present invention.
- the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 comprises a plurality of processors P0, P1 and P2, a main memory 40, bus arbiters 42, 44 and 46, an OR gate 48, an address bus AB, a control bus CB, and a data bus DB.
- the main memory 40 is shared in common by the processors P0, P1 and P2 via the three buses AB, CB and DB, while the bus arbiters 42, 44 and 46 are provided for operating in unison and resolving competing requests for access to the common buses by the processors.
- bus arbiters 42, 44 and 46 are of a known type which, for example, has been disclosed in U.S. patent type 4,375,639. Further, each of the processors P0, P1 and P2 is able to use a conventional type processor which has been disclosed in U.S. patent No. 4,080,648 by way of example. Therefore, the detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- the processor PO includes a microprogram controller 50A and a control memory 50B, and is controlled by a plurality of microinstructions previously stored in the control memory 50B. More specifically, the microprogram controller 50A applies an address signal to the control memory 50B in order to derive a corresponding microinstruction from a desired microinstruction. The microprogram controller 50A receives the microinstruction thus derived by which the controller 50A processes a desired operation.
- Each of the other processors P1 and P2 is of an arrangement identical to the processor P0, and includes a microprogram controller (52A or 54A) and a control memory (52B or 54B). The operation of such a processor is known in the art and is not directly concerned with the present invention, and hence further discussions thereof will be omitted for clarity.
- the processors P0, P1 and P2 are coupled to the input terminals of the OR gate 48 which has an output terminal coupled to the processors P0, P1 and P2.
- Each of the processors P0, P1 and P2 applies an unlock signal (a first unlock signal), when a corresponding program unlocks a shared resource after locking same and obtaining access thereto. Consequently, the processors P0, P1 and P2 are informed if a shared resource is unlocked by one of the controllers through the monitoring of the output (a second unlock signal) of the OR gate 48.
- the second unlock signal indicates only that a program executed on a certain processor has unlocked a specified shared resource.
- the specification of the processor, which has produced the first unlock signal will be discussed with reference to Fig. 3.
- the provision of the OR gate 48 is directly concerned with the present invention. The instructions of the locking and unlocking according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figs. 3 and 4, respectively.
- Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing a series of lock instruction steps. It is assumed that a program executed on the processor PO intends to use a shared resource and hence is going to lock same for the exclusive use thereof.
- the processor PO determines or calculates the address of the operand (GATE) of the lock instruction at step 60. Thereafter, the microprogram controller 50A (Fig. 2) issues a request for use of the common buses to the bus arbiter 42, and waits until such a request is permitted thereby (step 62).
- the processor PO applies the determined address of the GATE to the main memory 40 via the address bus AB and concurrently applies a readout command to the main memory 40 via the control bus 42, thereby fetching the content of the GATE (step 64) through the data bus DB. Thereafter, the processor PO checks the first bit of the GATE (step 66). If the first bit of the logic "0", the microprogram goes to step 68. Otherwise (viz., in the case of a logic "1"), the program goes to step 70, It should be noted that the logics "0" and “1" indicate the unlocked and locked conditions of the shared resource in question, respectively.
- the processor PO applies the address signal indicative of the GATE address via the address bus AB, while applying the data having all bits “1”s to the entire GATE via the data bus DB and also applying a write command signal to the memory via the control bus CB. Therefore, the content of the GATE is filled with bits "1"s at step 68.
- the processor PO issues a signal to the bus arbiter 42 in order to abandon the right to use the common buses (step 74). The reason that all logic "I"s are stored in the entire GATE at step 68, is to prevent the other processors from accessing the shared resource which the processor PO intends to use.
- the processor PO abandons the right to use the common buses through the bus arbiter 42 (step 70) and awaits the reception of a logic "1" (viz., the second unlock signal in Fig. 2) from the OR gate 48 (step 72).
- a logic "1" viz., the second unlock signal in Fig. 2
- the microprogram goes back to step 62, wherein the microprogram controller 50A requests the bus arbiter 42 for exclusive use of the common buses, as previously mentioned.
- the first bit of the GATE is checked wether it is a logic "1" or not at step 66. If the first bit of the GATE is a logic "0”, then the program goes to step 68, while if a logic "1", step 70 is carried out. As mentioned previously, even if the OR gate 48 produces the second unlock signal, it is impossible to determine which shared resource is unlocked among a plurality of resources. This is the reason that the first bit of the GATE is again checked at step 66 after the unlock signal is detected at step 72.
- Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the unlock instruction according to the present invention. It is assumed in Fig. 4 that the processor PO has already used the shared resource and is going to free the same. In Fig. 4, the processor PO determines the address of the GATE (step 80), and obtains the right to use the common buses through the bus arbiter 42 (step 82). Thereafter, the processor PO writes all logic "0" into the GATE in order to unlock the shared resource (step 84), and produces a first unlock signal (step 86) which is applied to the OR gate 48, and finally abandons the right to use the common buses (step 88).
- processor P1 If other processor P1 intends to use the same shared resources as the processor PO has used, and if the processor P1 awaits the reception of the unlock signal from the OR gate 48, then the microprogram executed on the processor P1 breaks out of the loop shown at step 72 in response to the issuance of the unlock signal from the processor P0.
- a plurality of bus arbiters is utilized in order to control the competing use of the common buses, but not limited thereto.
- each bank of a main memory is controlled for exclusive use by each processor.
- the OR gate 48 can be replaced by a wired-or gate.
- the microprogram control can be substituted by a programmable logic array, etc.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Multi Processors (AREA)
- Memory System (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP58214534A JPS60107170A (ja) | 1983-11-15 | 1983-11-15 | マルチプロセッサ制御方式 |
JP214534/83 | 1983-11-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0142820A2 EP0142820A2 (en) | 1985-05-29 |
EP0142820A3 EP0142820A3 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
EP0142820B1 true EP0142820B1 (en) | 1990-01-31 |
Family
ID=16657319
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84113751A Expired EP0142820B1 (en) | 1983-11-15 | 1984-11-14 | Method of controlling multiprocessing system and hardware arrangement for accomplishing the method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4665484A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0142820B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS60107170A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE3481235D1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3785958D1 (de) * | 1986-04-02 | 1993-07-01 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum ansteuern eines gemeinsamen speichers eines aus einzelnen mikroprozessorsystemen bestehenden mehrprozessorsystems. |
US4941083A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1990-07-10 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Method and apparatus for initiating interlock read transactions on a multiprocessor computer system |
US4858116A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1989-08-15 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Method and apparatus for managing multiple lock indicators in a multiprocessor computer system |
US5341510A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1994-08-23 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Commander node method and apparatus for assuring adequate access to system resources in a multiprocessor |
US4949239A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1990-08-14 | Digital Equipment Corporation | System for implementing multiple lock indicators on synchronous pended bus in multiprocessor computer system |
US4937733A (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1990-06-26 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Method and apparatus for assuring adequate access to system resources by processors in a multiprocessor computer system |
EP0346401B1 (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1993-09-29 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Commander node method and apparatus for assuring adequate access to system ressources in a multiprocessor computer system |
JPS6481066A (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1989-03-27 | Nec Corp | Connection system for multi-processor |
US4965719A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1990-10-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for lock management, page coherency, and asynchronous writing of changed pages to shared external store in a distributed computing system |
US5142676A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1992-08-25 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Separate content addressable memories for storing locked segment addresses and locking processor identifications for controlling access to shared memory |
US5182809A (en) * | 1989-05-31 | 1993-01-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Dual bus microcomputer system with programmable control of lock function |
US5131085A (en) * | 1989-12-04 | 1992-07-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | High performance shared main storage interface |
CA2032367C (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1996-12-31 | Hiroyuki Sekizuka | Exclusive memory region control system utilizing software and hardware locks |
US5276847A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1994-01-04 | Intel Corporation | Method for locking and unlocking a computer address |
US5369764A (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1994-11-29 | Blair; Gary L. | Method for sharing access to database elements in a data processing system |
JP2511588B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-03 | 1996-06-26 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション | デ―タ処理ネットワ―ク、ロックを獲得させる方法及び直列化装置 |
US5339397A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1994-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Hardware primary directory lock |
US5430860A (en) * | 1991-09-17 | 1995-07-04 | International Business Machines Inc. | Mechanism for efficiently releasing memory lock, after allowing completion of current atomic sequence |
US5386525A (en) * | 1991-10-29 | 1995-01-31 | Pacific Bell | System for providing application programs with direct addressability into a shared dataspace |
US5274823A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-12-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Interrupt handling serialization for process level programming |
EP0569605A1 (de) * | 1992-05-06 | 1993-11-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Verfahren zur Zugriffsverwaltung und -steuerung mehrerer Rechner auf gemeinsame Daten |
US5392433A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1995-02-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for intraprocess locking of a shared resource in a computer system |
US5440746A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1995-08-08 | Seiko Epson Corporation | System and method for synchronizing processors in a parallel processing environment |
US5526524A (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1996-06-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for management of locked objects in a computer supported cooperative work environment |
US5893161A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1999-04-06 | Hewlett-Packard Co. | Method for allocating ownership of portions of memory in a coherent memory system |
EP0964333A1 (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-15 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Resource management |
TW573254B (en) * | 2002-01-07 | 2004-01-21 | Via Tech Inc | Message transmission queue and operation method thereof |
JP4985478B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-05 | 2012-07-25 | エヌイーシーコンピュータテクノ株式会社 | 情報処理装置 |
CN103377086A (zh) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | 用于异步多核系统操作共享资源的方法、装置及系统 |
US9525621B2 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2016-12-20 | Marvell World Trade Ltd. | Semaphore soft and hard hybrid architecture |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3896418A (en) * | 1971-08-31 | 1975-07-22 | Texas Instruments Inc | Synchronous multi-processor system utilizing a single external memory unit |
JPS58140862A (ja) * | 1982-02-16 | 1983-08-20 | Toshiba Corp | 相互排他方式 |
-
1983
- 1983-11-15 JP JP58214534A patent/JPS60107170A/ja active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-11-14 DE DE8484113751T patent/DE3481235D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-11-14 US US06/671,363 patent/US4665484A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-11-14 EP EP84113751A patent/EP0142820B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0142820A3 (en) | 1987-11-19 |
US4665484A (en) | 1987-05-12 |
JPS60107170A (ja) | 1985-06-12 |
DE3481235D1 (de) | 1990-03-08 |
EP0142820A2 (en) | 1985-05-29 |
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