EP0139310B1 - Procédé pour la production de fer liquide contenant du carbone par réduction de fer spongieux - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production de fer liquide contenant du carbone par réduction de fer spongieux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0139310B1
EP0139310B1 EP84201106A EP84201106A EP0139310B1 EP 0139310 B1 EP0139310 B1 EP 0139310B1 EP 84201106 A EP84201106 A EP 84201106A EP 84201106 A EP84201106 A EP 84201106A EP 0139310 B1 EP0139310 B1 EP 0139310B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron
carbon
electrical energy
sponge iron
arc furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84201106A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0139310A1 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Formanek
Martin Hirsch
Wolfram Dr. Schnabel
Harry Dr. Serbent
Klaus Dietrich Fritzsche
Heribert Koenig
Gero Dr. Rath
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG, Mannesmann AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0139310A1 publication Critical patent/EP0139310A1/fr
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Publication of EP0139310B1 publication Critical patent/EP0139310B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
    • Y10S75/958—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures with concurrent production of iron and other desired nonmetallic product, e.g. energy, fertilizer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of liquid, carbon-containing iron with about 1.8 to 2.5% C by direct reduction of iron oxide-containing materials by means of solid carbon-containing reducing agents to sponge iron and melting of sponge iron in an electric reduction furnace, or for the production of liquid steel by direct reduction from materials containing iron oxide using solid carbon-containing reducing agents to sponge iron and melting of sponge iron in an electric reduction furnace.
  • arc furnaces is to be understood as directly heated arc furnaces in which the heating is carried out by electric arcs burning between the electrodes and the metallic insert or the steel bath. For this reason, a process for melting iron sponge in electric reduction furnaces was developed.
  • electroreduction furnaces is understood to mean furnaces in which electrodes are preferably immersed either in an open or half-covered slag bath or in a standing Möller column and in which the energy conversion takes place mainly through resistance heating in the slag bath.
  • the melting of sponge iron in electric reduction furnaces is e.g. B. described in «Stahl und Eisen 97 (1977), pages 7-17. These processes are primarily designed to replace the electric arc furnace, i.e. H. for the production of steel with carbon contents up to approximately 1%.
  • the sponge iron used has carbon contents of over 1%, i.e. H. it comes from a direct reduction with gaseous, CO-containing reducing agents.
  • the lower grain size of the iron sponge used is 6 mm and the metallization is about 90%.
  • An iron sponge with a higher carbon content and good metallurgical properties is used as the input material.
  • the electrical energy is taken from a network.
  • Direct reduction using solid carbon-containing reducing agents produces an iron sponge that contains considerably less carbon.
  • the carbon content is generally less than 0.5%.
  • part of the sponge iron with poorer metallurgical properties i.e. H. with less metallization and / or smaller grain size.
  • melting this sponge iron with poorer metallurgical properties causes difficulties and may require additional costs.
  • the invention has for its object to melt the sponge iron produced by direct reduction with solid carbon-containing reducing agents, and in particular the resulting portion with poorer metallurgical properties, in a simple and economical manner.
  • the sensible heat and the latent heat of the direct reduction exhaust gas released by post-combustion are used to generate steam, and the steam is used to generate electrical energy which is conducted into the electric reduction furnace.
  • the carbon-containing iron is a carbon unsaturated iron with about 1.8 to 2.5% C. Because of the reaction kinetics it cannot be saturated with carbon. A corresponding amount of carbon is added to the furnace to achieve this carbon content. Short-term fluctuations in the amount of electrical energy generated do not interfere because the electric reduction furnace with variable power consumption can be operated. In the event of long-term fluctuations, regulation can be carried out using the amount of sponge iron used.
  • the electric reduction furnace can be used when hot.
  • the iron produced can be cast, granulated or processed further in liquid form.
  • the direct reduction takes place in particular in a rotary kiln, but can also be done in other ways, e.g. B. in the circulating fluidized bed using fine-grained ores.
  • the discharge material is processed by sieving and magnetic separation. It can be carried out as a hot or cold preparation.
  • the following fractions can occur during processing: coarse sponge iron, fine-grained sponge iron, excess carbon, ash and desulfurizing agent.
  • the processing enables a precisely metered addition of the carbon required in the electric reduction furnace.
  • the separated carbon excess can be used for this, in particular one which is of good quality, i. H. the ash and sulfur content is relatively low.
  • the excess carbon can also be returned to direct reduction or used for other purposes.
  • the hot combustion gases in the combustion unit can be generated by burning coal.
  • the separated carbon excess of the direct reduction can be used as carbon.
  • carbon with poor metallurgical properties - such as a high ash and sulfur content - can be used easily and effectively in this way.
  • the combustion is preferably carried out in a circulating fluidized bed.
  • Such processes are described in DE-AS 2,539,546, US Pat. No. 4,165,717, DE-OS 2,624,302, US Pat. No. 4,111,158.
  • the generation of the electrical energy from the hot combustion gases can be carried out together with the generation of energy from the Exhaust gas of the direct reduction or separately from this.
  • the blowing into steel takes place by means of oxygen-containing gases, preferably technically pure oxygen, in a converter.
  • oxygen-containing gases preferably technically pure oxygen
  • the sponge iron with better metallurgical properties which is obtained after processing, is preferably used as the coolant.
  • the sponge iron with poorer metallurgical properties is melted down with optimal utilization of the heat content of the exhaust gas of the direct reduction, and the sponge iron with better metallurgical properties is used to produce steel.
  • the system is very flexible. Excess sponge iron with good metallurgical properties can still be used for other purposes. Part of the electrical energy generated can be used to generate oxygen.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the carbon-containing iron produced in the electric reduction furnace is carburized.
  • the carburization is expediently carried out in a pan with the addition of carbon.
  • the iron is overheated in the electric reduction furnace to such an extent that it reaches the carburizing stage at a temperature which is approximately 150 ° C. above the liquidus line.
  • Excess carbon from the direct reduction can be used as carbon.
  • the carburization can take place up to a C content of up to about 4%.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the temperature and / or the content of combustible components of the exhaust gas of the direct reduction is increased in order to increase the amount of electrical energy generated.
  • the temperature and / or the content of combustible constituents are increased via the values required for direct reduction. This can be done by using coal with a high volatile content, which is not used in direct reduction, or by using larger amounts of coal. As a result, a larger part of the sponge iron can be melted down.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gas from the electric reduction furnace is used to generate electrical energy.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gas from the converter is used to generate electrical energy.
  • One embodiment is that the additional amount of electrical energy generated is controlled so that the entire sponge iron is processed into steel. If e.g. B. the electrical energy generated with exhaust gas is sufficient for melting 50% of the sponge iron into liquid carbon-containing iron with about 1.8 to 2.5% C and for blowing this iron into steel another 20% of the sponge iron is required as a coolant 30% iron sponge as the remainder. Then so much additional electrical energy is generated that of the remaining 30% iron sponge, such an amount is melted into hot metal that the other remainder needs as a coolant when blown into steel. As a result, the entire sponge iron can be melted into a high-quality end product and processed.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the blowing into steel takes place with the addition of energy sources.
  • the energy sources can be introduced into the blowing unit in the solid, gaseous or liquid state, for. B. in the form of fine-grained coal in the bath.
  • the heat required is largely generated by burning carbon in the bathroom. If the carbon introduced with the feedstocks is not sufficient to cover the required amount of heat, the missing amount of heat can be directly and economically introduced by primary energy.
  • the system is made very flexible by the addition of the energy sources, since a correspondingly larger amount of sponge iron and / or scrap can be entered into the blower unit by adding the energy sources. Fluctuations in power generation can be absorbed in the same way. This control option is available both for blowing a part of the sponge iron and the entire sponge iron into steel.
  • the oxygen can also be generated by means of a steam turbine, which is connected directly to the compressor.
  • the oxygen generated can be stored and used as a buffer for operational fluctuations.
  • Gas turbines can also be used to generate electricity.
  • the invention is illustrated by a figure.
  • the feed 2 consisting of iron ore, coal and aggregates, is charged in the rotary kiln 1.
  • the reduced material 3 is placed in the preparation 4, which consists of sieving and magnetic separation. To simplify matters, only one output is shown for each product.
  • the sponge iron with poorer metallurgical properties 5 is charged into the electric reduction furnace 6.
  • the exhaust gas 7 of the rotary kiln 1 is fed into the electrical power generation 8, which consists of afterburning, steam generation and power generation. Electrical energy 9 is conducted into the electric reduction furnace 6.
  • the carbon-containing iron 10 produced is carburized in the carburization 11, which consists of a pan.
  • the carburized iron 12 is charged into the converter 13 and blown into steel 15 with the addition of sponge iron with good metallurgical properties 14 as a coolant.
  • the exhaust gas 16 of the electric reduction furnace 6 and the exhaust gas 17 of the converter 13 are also conducted into the electrical power generation 8.
  • the excess carbon-containing material with good metallurgical properties 18a, 18b, 18c separated in the treatment 4 is partly charged into the electric reduction furnace 6, partly into the carburization 11 and partly into the rotary kiln 1. Ash and desulfurizing agent are removed from treatment 4 as outlets 19.
  • the excess carbon-containing material with poor metallurgical properties 20 is passed into the combustion 21, which consists of a circulating fluidized bed and into which further carbon-containing material 22 is passed.
  • the hot combustion gases 23 are conducted into the electrical energy generation 8.
  • Electrical energy 24 is conducted into the oxygen generation 25.
  • the oxygen 26 is inserted into the converter 13. Missing electrical energy can be drawn from a network 27. Instead of the excess carbon-containing material 18a, 18b, 18c, other carbon can also be used. If the carbon-containing iron 10 or the carburized iron 12 is not blown into steel, it is cast or granulated over 10 a or
  • energy sources can be introduced via line, z. B. fine-grained coal can be blown into the bath.
  • the advantages of the invention are that the iron sponge obtained in the direct reduction with solid, carbon-containing reducing agents, which contains a relatively low carbon content, can be melted down with optimum use of the heat content of the exhaust gases.
  • the portion of the sponge iron that has poorer metallurgical properties can be processed into an intermediate product that can be used without restriction.
  • An integrated process without external energy or with cheaply produced external energy is possible.
  • the process can be operated very variably.
  • the entire sponge iron can be processed into a valuable raw material with a significantly smaller volume and problem-free properties with regard to transport and storage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Blast Furnaces (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Procédé de préparation de fer liquide contenant du carbone, ayant de 1,8 à 2,5 % environ de C, par réduction directe de matériaux contenant de l'oxyde de fer, au moyen d'agents réducteurs solides et contenant du carbone, en éponge de fer, et par fusion de l'éponge de fer dans un four électrique de réduction qui consiste :
a) à séparer la matière déchargée de la réduction directe, dans une séparation magnétique, en éponge de fer ayant une grande métallisation et/ou une grande granulométrie et en éponge de fer ayant une plus petite métallisation et/ou une plus petite granulométrie et en un matériau amagnétique contenant du carbone en excès ;
b) à brûler l'effluent gazeux de la réduction directe et à l'utiliser pour produire de l'énergie électrique ;
c) à produire des gaz de combustion chauds dans un équipement de combustion et à les utiliser pour produire de l'énergie électrique supplémentaire ;
d) à charger au moins une partie du matériau amagnétique et contenant du carbone suivant (a) dans l'équipement de combustion suivant (c) ;
e) à faire fondre l'éponge de fer suivant (a) en son entier dans un four électrique de réduction ;
f) la somme des quantités d'énergie électrique produites suivant (b) et (c) correspondant au moins à la quantité d'énergie électrique qui est nécessaire suivant (e) pour fondre l'éponge de fer en fer liquide contenant du carbone et cette quantité d'énergie électrique nécessaire étant envoyée au four électrique de réduction.
2. Procédé de préparation d'acier liquide, par réduction directe de matériaux contenant de l'oxyde de fer, au moyen d'agents réducteurs solides et contenant du carbone, en éponge de fer, et par fusion de l'éponge de fer dans un four électrique de réduction qui consiste :
- a) à séparer la matière déchargée de la réduction directe, dans une séparation magnétique, en éponge de fer ayant une grande métallisation et/ou une grande granulométrie et en éponge de fer ayant une plus petite métallisation et/ou une plus petite granulométrie et en un matériau amagnétique contenant du carbone en excès ;
b) à brûler l'effluent gazeux de la réduction directe et à l'utiliser pour produire de l'énergie électrique ;
c) à produire des gaz de combustion chauds dans un équipement de combustion et à les utiliser pour produire de l'énergie électrique supplémentaire ;
d) à charger au moins une partie du matériau amagnétique et contenant du carbone suivant (a) dans l'équipement de combustion suivant (c) ;
e) à fondre une partie de l'éponge de fer suivant (a) dans un four électrique de réduction en du fer contenant du carbone et ayant de 1,8 à 2,5 % de C environ et à ajouter l'autre partie de l'éponge de fer ayant une grande métallisation et/ou une grande granulométrie, comme milieu de refroidissement, lors de la conversion du fer, contenant du carbone et ayant de 1,8 à 2,5 % environ de C, en acier ;
f) la somme des quantités d'énergie électrique produites suivant (b) et (c) correspondant au moins à la quantité d'énergie électrique qui est nécessaire suivant (e) pour fondre l'éponge de fer en fer liquide et contenant du carbone et cette quantité d'énergie électrique nécessaire étant envoyée au four électrique de réduction.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à carburer le fer contenant du carbone et produit dans le four électrique de réduction.
4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à élever la température et/ou à augmenter la teneur en constituants combustibles de l'effluent gazeux de la réduction directe pour augmenter la quantité d'énergie électrique produite.
5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser l'effluent gazeux du four électrique de réduction pour produire de l'énergie électrique.
6. Procédé.suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à utiliser l'effluent gazeux du convertisseur pour produire de l'énergie électrique.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à régler la quantité d'énergie électrique produite en supplément de manière à transformer toute l'éponge de fer en acier.
8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à effectuer la conversion en acier, avec addition de sources d'énergie.
EP84201106A 1983-08-25 1984-07-28 Procédé pour la production de fer liquide contenant du carbone par réduction de fer spongieux Expired EP0139310B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3330625 1983-08-25
DE3330625 1983-08-25
DE19833334221 DE3334221A1 (de) 1983-08-25 1983-09-22 Verfahren zur erzeugung von fluessigem, kohlenstoffhaltigem eisen aus eisenschwamm
DE3334221 1983-09-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0139310A1 EP0139310A1 (fr) 1985-05-02
EP0139310B1 true EP0139310B1 (fr) 1988-10-19

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US (1) US4551172A (fr)
EP (1) EP0139310B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0680167B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU564718B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8404219A (fr)
CA (1) CA1224336A (fr)
DE (2) DE3334221A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES535324A0 (fr)
GR (1) GR80186B (fr)
ID (1) ID807B (fr)
PH (1) PH21947A (fr)
TR (1) TR22714A (fr)

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MD4422C1 (ro) * 2009-03-18 2016-12-31 Rafic Boulos DAOU Instalaţie şi procedeu de producere a oţelului, şi procedeu de utilizare a energiei electrice generate în procesul de producere a oţelului

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DE102009001646B3 (de) * 2009-03-18 2010-07-22 Daou, Rafic Boulos, Bdadoun Stahlerzeugungseinrichtung
DE102020116425A1 (de) 2020-06-22 2021-12-23 Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Rohstahl mit niedrigem N-Gehalt
CN115652012B (zh) * 2022-09-08 2024-05-07 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 一种氢基竖炉产海绵铁的渗碳冷却与煤气利用方法、系统及其应用
EP4417713A1 (fr) 2023-02-14 2024-08-21 Oterdoom, Harmen Le nouveau procédé (semi-)continu en deux étapes pour le laitier propre et l'acier ou la fonte chaude

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD4422C1 (ro) * 2009-03-18 2016-12-31 Rafic Boulos DAOU Instalaţie şi procedeu de producere a oţelului, şi procedeu de utilizare a energiei electrice generate în procesul de producere a oţelului
DE102009053920A1 (de) 2009-11-19 2011-05-26 Sms Siemag Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verminderung des metallurgischen Energiebedarfs von geschlossenen elektrischen Schmelz- und/oder Reduktionsöfen
WO2011061261A2 (fr) 2009-11-19 2011-05-26 Sms Siemag Ag Procédé et dispositif pour réduire la demande d'énergie métallurgique de fours de fusion et/ou de réduction électriques fermés

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Publication number Publication date
US4551172A (en) 1985-11-05
JPH0680167B2 (ja) 1994-10-12
JPS60116706A (ja) 1985-06-24
TR22714A (tr) 1988-04-28
DE3334221A1 (de) 1985-03-14
ES8504943A1 (es) 1985-05-01
ID807B (id) 1996-07-11
ES535324A0 (es) 1985-05-01
GR80186B (en) 1985-01-02
PH21947A (en) 1988-04-15
BR8404219A (pt) 1985-07-23
DE3474690D1 (en) 1988-11-24
CA1224336A (fr) 1987-07-21
AU564718B2 (en) 1987-08-20
AU3238884A (en) 1985-02-28
EP0139310A1 (fr) 1985-05-02

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