EP0117928A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'acier par fusion d'éponge de fer dans un four à arc - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'acier par fusion d'éponge de fer dans un four à arc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0117928A1
EP0117928A1 EP83201854A EP83201854A EP0117928A1 EP 0117928 A1 EP0117928 A1 EP 0117928A1 EP 83201854 A EP83201854 A EP 83201854A EP 83201854 A EP83201854 A EP 83201854A EP 0117928 A1 EP0117928 A1 EP 0117928A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
electric
iron
arc furnace
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83201854A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0117928B1 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Formanek
Martin Hirsch
Wolfram Dr. Schnabel
Harry Dr. Serbent
Detmar Arlt
Klaus-Dietrich Fritzsche
Heribert Koenig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG, Mannesmann AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Publication of EP0117928A1 publication Critical patent/EP0117928A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0117928B1 publication Critical patent/EP0117928B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing steel by melting sponge iron in an electric arc furnace, the sponge iron being produced by direct reduction.
  • the arc furnace operation is also inevitably associated with strongly fluctuating energy consumption due to its characteristic and, moreover, discontinuous mode of operation. These fluctuations extend both to the chronological sequence and to the absolute amount of the decrease in energy.
  • an electrical network is required which is so strong that the reaction - due to the furnace operation - does not exceed the maximum permissible limit values.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method which allows the advantageous operation of the arc furnace with sump by ensuring that there is sufficient availability of so-called "hot metal” and at the same time that the process sequence is as economical as possible.
  • the sponge iron being implemented on a bath of liquid, carbon-containing iron in an electric arc furnace, the liquid, carbon-containing iron (hot metal) also being produced from sponge iron or pre-reduced ore in an electroreduction furnace, which is a function of the is regulated by the electric arc furnace-induced load fluctuations so that a practically constant load on the electrical network results.
  • the process according to the invention thus achieves by combining a process step in which the carbon-containing iron required for the sump in the arc furnace is obtained - and preferably from the same starting material as is used in the arc furnace - with the melting the sponge iron in an electric arc furnace, a total effect that inzelvortician goes beyond the sum of the processes occurring in the process sections E, because the load on the electrical network is largely evened out in a surprisingly simple manner simultaneously with the improvement of the melting process.
  • arc furnace is to be understood as directly heated arc furnaces in which the heating is carried out by means of electrical arcs burning between the electrodes and the metallic insert or steel bath (direct arc furnace).
  • electroarc furnace is to be understood as furnaces in which the electrodes are either immersed in an open slag bath or in a standing Möller column and in which the energy conversion takes place preferably by resistance heating (submerged arc furnace). These ovens are edutechnischstechnisch for R, even with an open slag bath, suitable. They generate from sponge iron and added Kohlenstoffträ- g ren carbonaceous iron, which is used in the arc furnace as bottom.
  • the electric reduction furnaces can be operated with variable power consumption.
  • Energy sources can be excess solid, carbon-containing materials or combustible gases which occur in the direct reduction or excess, combustible gases or solid, carbon-containing materials which arise in the production of the reducing medium for the direct reduction.
  • ne advantageous embodiment is that the amount and analysis of the arc furnace used as a sump ten carbon-containing iron is chosen so that the total carbon balance is balanced during the charging of sponge iron in the arc furnace, the active power of the arc furnace being regulated so that the arc furnace is in the thermal equilibrium necessary for melting sponge iron. Thermal equilibrium means that there is no overheating and no freezing.
  • a further advantageous embodiment consists in the fact that sponge iron with a lower metallization size is mainly used for the production of liquid, carbon-containing iron (hot metal) in the electric reduction furnace.
  • An advantageous embodiment consists in that the separated from the effluent of direct reduction with fixed kohlenstoffhiltigen reducing agents excess carbonaceous material is at least partly combusted in a combustion unit with the addition of oxygen-containing gases, the hot combustion gases and the exhaust gas of the D irektredulement used for generating electrical energy , the amount of electrical energy generated being regulated so that it corresponds at least to the maximum energy requirement of the electric arc furnace plus the minimum energy requirement of the electric reduction furnace, and that the energy not required by the electric arc furnace is converted in the electric reduction furnace.
  • the excess carbonaceous material is completely burned if its quality is not suitable for use in the electric reduction furnace or if an addition is not required there.
  • Good quality means that the ash and sulfur content is relatively low and the ash is basic. It is also possible to process the separated carbonaceous material and then to insert the good quality fraction into the electric reduction furnace and the poor quality fraction into the combustion.
  • the minimum energy requirement of the electric reduction furnace is the holding power.
  • the sensible heat of the hot combustion gases and the exhaust gases from the direct reduction are used to generate steam, and the steam drives a generator to generate electricity via steam turbines.
  • the hot combustion gases and the exhaust gases from the direct reduction are expediently conducted separately into separate steam generators and the steam flows into separate turbines. This allows the turbine for the vapor of the exhaust gas.
  • Direct reduction can always be operated in the optimal range, and better utilization and control is possible.
  • the amount of electrical energy generated must correspond to the maximum energy requirement of the electric arc furnace plus the minimum energy requirement of the electrical reduction furnace. More electrical energy can also be generated for other purposes of one's own operation, but this additional generation is then not included in the regulation of the current distribution.
  • the electrical energy is distributed in such a way that the energy requirements of the arc furnace are always met, i.e. if it has high energy requirements, the electric reduction furnace receives less electrical energy, and if the arc furnace is switched off, the electric reduction furnace receives more energy.
  • the sponge iron is divided in such a way that the amount of carbon-containing iron (hot metal) required for steel production in the electric arc furnace is obtained in the electric reduction furnace.
  • the sponge iron After hot sieving, the sponge iron can be used hot in the melting furnace.
  • the combustion of the excess carbonaceous material can take place in fluidized bed apparatuses or dust furnaces, e.g. Cyclone firing.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the exhaust gas from the direct reduction is afterburned before use in electrical power generation. On the one hand, this will also the latent heat content of the exhaust gas is utilized and, on the other hand, an uncontrolled combustion is avoided, especially with higher contents of combustible gaseous and solid components.
  • a preferred embodiment is that further combustible material is charged into the combustion unit. As a result, self-sufficient operation can be carried out even if the heat in the exhaust gas and the hot combustion gases of the excess carbon-containing material is too low.
  • combustion unit is a circulating fluidized bed.
  • the circulating fluidized bed works without a jump in the material density between the dense phase and the dust space above.
  • the solids concentration decreases continuously from bottom to top.
  • a preferred feature is that a combustible gas is supplied through separate carbonization and / or partial gasification of solid carbonaceous material produced, the combustible gas is used for generating electrical energy and irektredulement the marwelte solid, carbonaceous material in the D and / or Electric reduction furnace and / or the combustion unit is used.
  • Direct reduction is relieved by the use of carbon-containing material on the exhaust side and its throughput is increased. Since the exhaust gases from the direct reduction contain less combustible gaseous constituents, less electrical energy is generated by the exhaust gas, ie the non-controllable base load becomes smaller and the possibility of regulating the electrical energy generated by the combustion increases.
  • a portion of the marwelten, carbonaceous material or optionally can all be directed into the combustion unit, so that the extent is also flexible in the D irektredulement stock charged amount.
  • the generation of the electrical energy from the flammable gases is very flexible. Some of the flammable gas can also be used for other purposes in your own company.
  • a preferred feature is that the S w e - ment and / or carried partial gasification in a circulating fluidized bed.
  • the circulating fluidized bed is very suitable and flexible to operate.
  • a particularly suitable method is described in EP-A - 0 062 363.
  • a preferred embodiment consists of the fact that combustible gas is stored in a gas storage device and is removed when necessary to generate electrical energy. Through this storing a very good flexibility is achieved, and R are created eserven also particularly for the start-up and shutdown.
  • a preferred feature is that the combustible G is used as using a gas turbine for generating electrical energy. A very fast regulation of the amount of energy generated is possible with a gas turbine.
  • a preferred embodiment is that baking coals are used in the circulating fluidized bed. This makes it possible to use these coals without additional effort, which cannot be used directly in direct reduction.
  • An embodiment is dge..das from the effluent of the D is used irektredulement separated excess carbonaceous material in the electric reducing furnace, additional energy carriers are burnt in a combustion unit with the addition of oxygen-containing gases, the hot combustion gases and the waste gas of the direct reduction to produce corresponds furnace, and that the energy of each is not required by the electric arc furnace is converted in an electric reduction furnace - the amount of the generated electric energy is controlled so that these ns at least the maximum power consumption of the arc furnace plus the minimum energy requirement of the Elektroreduktio be used by electrical energy.
  • the separated excess carbon is completely added to the electric reduction furnace when this carbon is of good quality and is required in the electric reduction furnace.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the direct reduction is carried out in a rotary kiln.
  • the coals used as reducing agents mostly contain higher levels of volatile components, e.g. Lignites, and have a high reactivity.
  • FIG. 1 shows, iron ore 2 is charged in the tube furnace 1 and reduced to sponge iron.
  • the discharge material 3 is separated in a separation stage 4 into sponge iron 5 and excess carbon-containing material, part 6a of which is passed into the electric reduction furnace 7 and the other part 6b into the circulating fluidized bed 8 and is burned by air 9.
  • the hot combustion gas 10 is fed into the steam generator 11.
  • a generator 13 is driven with the steam 12.
  • the electrical energy generated is fed via line 14 to the electric reduction furnace 7 and the arc furnace 16.
  • the exhaust gas 17 from the rotary kiln 1 is afterburned in a post-combustion chamber 18 with the addition of air 19.
  • the hot gas 20 is passed into the steam generator 21.
  • a generator 23 is driven with the steam 22.
  • the generated electric energy is an g e-fed into the line 14 via line 24th
  • the iron sponge 5 becomes part 5a in the electric reduction furnace 7 and part 5b in the light arc furnace 16 charged.
  • the pig iron produced in the electric reduction furnace 7 is chärgiert in the arc furnace 16, from which the steel 25 is withdrawn. As much electrical energy as is required is always supplied to the arc furnace 16 via line 14a. The remaining electrical energy is fed into the electric reduction furnace 7 via line 14b.
  • the rotary kiln 1 can be operated with coal with a high proportion of volatile constituents, which are charged via 26 into the loading end and are partly blown into the discharge end by the blowing device 27.
  • the exhaust gas 17 contains higher proportions of combustible gaseous components and the amount of electrical energy generated in 24 is correspondingly large.
  • coal 29 can additionally be smelted and partially burned with gases 30 containing oxygen.
  • the combustible gas 31 is burned in a gas turbine 32 that drives a generator 33.
  • the electrical energy generated is fed into line 14 via line 34.
  • the smoldered carbonaceous material is charged from the fluidized bed 28 via line 35 into the rotary kiln 1. In this case, no coal with a high proportion of volatile components is charged into the rotary kiln and the exhaust gas 17 contains only small proportions of combustible, gaseous components.
  • the amount of electrical energy generated in 24 is correspondingly less.
  • the generation of electrical energy can be increased by adding coal 36 to the fluidized bed 8. Part of the carbonized material from the fluidized bed 28 can be fed into the fluidized bed 8 via line 37.
  • Flammable gas is stored in the gas store 38 and removed if necessary. Flammable gas can be withdrawn for operation via line 39 if this amount is scheduled for generation.
  • the liquid, carbon-containing iron produced in the electric reduction furnace is adjusted in terms of quantity and analysis - mainly carbon - in such a way that the total carbon balance is balanced when the sponge iron is charged. If, e.g. due to an error in the production of sponges, sponges of less metallization, e.g. instead of 92% only 85%, this can still be processed. However, the spongy iron is only used to charge the electric reduction furnace. It is therefore possible to operate the process with spongy iron with different degrees of metallization.
  • the steam generated in the steam generator 11 can also be passed via line 12 to the generator 23.
  • Fig. 2 shows a typical load diagram for three arc furnaces and two electric reduction furnaces, which work in the compound operation.
  • the time in minutes is plotted on the x-axis and the active power in megawatts on the y-axis.
  • the dotted curve shows the total active power of the electric furnace
  • the dashed curve shows the total active power of the arc furnace
  • the solid curve shows the total active power of all furnaces.
  • the diagram shows the sequence of typical work cycles.
  • sicb reveals that the total active power of all melting furnaces is relatively constant, although the arc furnaces have very large fluctuations in power consumption.
  • the advantages of the invention are that the entire smelting process can be carried out independently of the performance of the public supply network available, that the operation takes place with minimal energy consumption per ton of steel, that the waste heat of the direct reduction producing the sponge iron is optimally used and that the excess carbon-containing material is used Material of the discharge of the direct reduction and possibly additionally used coal can be burned in an environmentally friendly manner by adding limestone with the accumulation of a landfillable CaSO 4 -containing residue.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
EP83201854A 1983-01-13 1983-12-29 Procédé de fabrication d'acier par fusion d'éponge de fer dans un four à arc Expired EP0117928B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833300867 DE3300867A1 (de) 1983-01-13 1983-01-13 Verfahren zur erzeugung von stahl durch einschmelzen von eisenschwamm im lichtbogenofen
DE3300867 1983-01-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0117928A1 true EP0117928A1 (fr) 1984-09-12
EP0117928B1 EP0117928B1 (fr) 1986-09-10

Family

ID=6188150

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83201854A Expired EP0117928B1 (fr) 1983-01-13 1983-12-29 Procédé de fabrication d'acier par fusion d'éponge de fer dans un four à arc

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4490168A (fr)
EP (1) EP0117928B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59136409A (fr)
AU (1) AU557005B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8400133A (fr)
CA (1) CA1216754A (fr)
DE (2) DE3300867A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8407102A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN158987B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA84258B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0190313A1 (fr) * 1984-08-02 1986-08-13 Intersteel Technology Inc Procede et installation pour la production d'acier en continu.
EP0139310B1 (fr) * 1983-08-25 1988-10-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour la production de fer liquide contenant du carbone par réduction de fer spongieux
US6162274A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-12-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Steel production method
US11041471B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2021-06-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection nozzle
LU102322B1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-21 Wurth Paul Sa Green production route for low carbon, low nitrogen steel

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3428782A1 (de) * 1984-08-04 1986-02-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur erzeugung von eisenschwamm
AT387038B (de) * 1986-11-25 1988-11-25 Voest Alpine Ag Verfahren und anlage zur gewinnung von elektrischer energie neben der herstellung von fluessigem roheisen
AUPN639995A0 (en) 1995-11-03 1995-11-30 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
AUPO276496A0 (en) 1996-10-07 1996-10-31 Technological Resources Pty Limited A method and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys
BE1011186A3 (fr) * 1997-05-30 1999-06-01 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede de production de fonte liquide a partir d'eponge de fer et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre.
CN101392307B (zh) * 2007-12-07 2010-11-10 江苏沙钢集团有限公司 环保节能型电炉直接炼钢方法及其装置
EP4417713A1 (fr) 2023-02-14 2024-08-21 Oterdoom, Harmen Le nouveau procédé (semi-)continu en deux étapes pour le laitier propre et l'acier ou la fonte chaude

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE503611A (fr) *
DE2127847A1 (en) * 1970-06-05 1971-12-16 Gonzalez de,Castejon, Javier , Madrid Iron smelting - using low-grade ores and coal in low-cost appts
US3891427A (en) * 1972-10-12 1975-06-24 Lectromelt Corp Method for melting prereduced ore and scrap
US3985544A (en) * 1971-11-01 1976-10-12 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Aktiebolag Method for simultaneous combined production of electrical energy and crude iron
AT336052B (de) * 1975-08-08 1977-04-12 Voest Ag Vorrichtung zur verhuttung von eisenerzen
FR2353332A1 (fr) * 1976-05-31 1977-12-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procede pour executer des processus exothermiques
DE2628972A1 (de) * 1976-06-28 1978-01-05 Benteler Geb Paderwerk Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen erzeugung von stahl
DE2841697A1 (de) * 1978-09-25 1980-04-10 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl aus eisenschwamm in elektrischen oefen
EP0062363A1 (fr) * 1981-04-07 1982-10-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour la production simultanée de gaz combustible et d'énergie thermique à partir de matières carbonacées

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2894831A (en) * 1956-11-28 1959-07-14 Old Bruce Scott Process of fluidized bed reduction of iron ore followed by electric furnace melting
US3224871A (en) * 1961-02-24 1965-12-21 Elektrokemisk As Process of preheating ores for reduction in smelting furnace
US3206299A (en) * 1961-10-18 1965-09-14 Independence Foundation Dense-bed, rotary, kiln process and apparatus for pretreatment of a metallurgical charge
DE1508049A1 (de) * 1966-05-05 1969-10-02 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Verhuetung oxydischer eisenhaltiger Erze
US3948641A (en) * 1972-03-04 1976-04-06 Klockner-Werke Ag Apparatus for the continuous production of steel from ore

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE503611A (fr) *
DE2127847A1 (en) * 1970-06-05 1971-12-16 Gonzalez de,Castejon, Javier , Madrid Iron smelting - using low-grade ores and coal in low-cost appts
US3985544A (en) * 1971-11-01 1976-10-12 Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Aktiebolag Method for simultaneous combined production of electrical energy and crude iron
US3891427A (en) * 1972-10-12 1975-06-24 Lectromelt Corp Method for melting prereduced ore and scrap
AT336052B (de) * 1975-08-08 1977-04-12 Voest Ag Vorrichtung zur verhuttung von eisenerzen
FR2353332A1 (fr) * 1976-05-31 1977-12-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procede pour executer des processus exothermiques
US4111158A (en) * 1976-05-31 1978-09-05 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Method of and apparatus for carrying out an exothermic process
DE2628972A1 (de) * 1976-06-28 1978-01-05 Benteler Geb Paderwerk Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen erzeugung von stahl
DE2841697A1 (de) * 1978-09-25 1980-04-10 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl aus eisenschwamm in elektrischen oefen
EP0062363A1 (fr) * 1981-04-07 1982-10-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour la production simultanée de gaz combustible et d'énergie thermique à partir de matières carbonacées

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0139310B1 (fr) * 1983-08-25 1988-10-19 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé pour la production de fer liquide contenant du carbone par réduction de fer spongieux
EP0190313A1 (fr) * 1984-08-02 1986-08-13 Intersteel Technology Inc Procede et installation pour la production d'acier en continu.
EP0190313A4 (fr) * 1984-08-02 1987-01-20 Intersteel Technology Inc Procede et installation pour la production d'acier en continu.
US6162274A (en) * 1998-07-17 2000-12-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Steel production method
US11041471B2 (en) 2016-08-19 2021-06-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection nozzle
LU102322B1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-21 Wurth Paul Sa Green production route for low carbon, low nitrogen steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1216754A (fr) 1987-01-20
US4490168A (en) 1984-12-25
AU557005B2 (en) 1986-11-27
JPS59136409A (ja) 1984-08-06
AU2325284A (en) 1984-07-19
EP0117928B1 (fr) 1986-09-10
ES528796A0 (es) 1984-08-16
IN158987B (fr) 1987-02-28
BR8400133A (pt) 1984-08-21
ES8407102A1 (es) 1984-08-16
ZA84258B (en) 1985-08-28
DE3300867A1 (de) 1984-07-19
JPH0373602B2 (fr) 1991-11-22
DE3366151D1 (en) 1986-10-16

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