EP0136845B1 - Esters d'acide carbonique liquides cristallins et composition de cristaux liquides les contenant - Google Patents

Esters d'acide carbonique liquides cristallins et composition de cristaux liquides les contenant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0136845B1
EP0136845B1 EP84306068A EP84306068A EP0136845B1 EP 0136845 B1 EP0136845 B1 EP 0136845B1 EP 84306068 A EP84306068 A EP 84306068A EP 84306068 A EP84306068 A EP 84306068A EP 0136845 B1 EP0136845 B1 EP 0136845B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
compounds
phase
acid
washing
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Expired
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EP84306068A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0136845A3 (en
EP0136845A2 (fr
Inventor
Hiromichi Inoue
Shinichi Saito
Kanetsugu Terashima
Takashi Inukai
Kenji Furukawa
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JNC Corp
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Chisso Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
    • C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
    • C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
    • C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
    • C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
    • C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
    • C09K19/2021—Compounds containing at least one asymmetric carbon atom

Definitions

  • This invention relates to new liquid crystalline substances and liquid crystal compositions containing the same, and more particularly but not exclusively it relates to chiral liquid crystalline substances having an optically active group and chiral liquid crystal compositions containing them.
  • the twisted nematic (TN) type display mode is currently the most widely employed for liquid crystal display elements, but it is inferior in response rate as compared with emissive type display elements such as those based on electroluminescence, plasma display, etc. Attempts for overcoming this drawback have been made. Thus, various liquid crystal display devices based on different principles in place of the TN type display elements have been attempted. As one example, there is a display mode utilizing ferroelectric liquid crystals (N. A. Clark and S. T. Layerwall, Applied Phys. Lett., 36, 899 (1980)).
  • This mode utilized the chiral smectic C phase (hereinafter abbreviated to SC * phase) or chiral smectic H phase (hereinafter abbreviated to SH * phase) of ferroelectric liquid crystals. These phases are preferably in the vicinity of room temperature.
  • optically active materials which may find use in liquid crystal display devices and contain an optically active group of the formula: -CH 3 CH(CH 3 )C 2 H 5 .
  • the present inventors have made various searches for liquid crystal substances containing an optically active group, mainly in order to develop liquid crystal substances suitable for use for the above ferroelectric display mode, and as a result have attained the present invention.
  • Table 1 shows the phase transition points of exemplary compounds of the formula (I) of the present invention.
  • C represents a crystalline phase
  • SA a smectic A phase
  • I an isotropic liquid phase
  • Ch a cholesteric phase
  • the symbol . in the column of the respective phases indicates that the particular phase is exhibited, with the numbers to the left or right being the relevant phase transition temperature
  • the symbol - indicates that the respective phases are not exhibited
  • the symbol (-) represents a monotropic transition point.
  • the resulting display elements typically exhibit the following three superior specific features:
  • the elements have a memory effect; hence multiplex drive is easy in combination of this effect with the above-mentioned high rate response properties.
  • the grey scale in TN display mode is usually attained by controlling the impressed voltage applied to display elements, but this is accompanied with difficult problems of the temperature dependency of threshold voltage value and the voltage dependency of response rate.
  • the light switching effect of SC * phase is applied to the display elements, it is possible easily to attain the grey scale by controlling the switching time of polarity; hence the display elements are very suitable for graphic display.
  • one mode is of birefringence type using two pieces of polarizers, and the other is of guest-host type using dichloric dyestuffs.
  • SC * phase has a spontaneous polarization, molecules reverse around the helical axis thereof as a revolving axis upon reversing the polarity of impressed voltage.
  • a liquid crystal composition having an SC * phase can thus be used to fill a liquid crystal display cell subjected to an aligning treatment so that liquid crystal molecules can align in parallel to the surface of electrodes, followed by placing the liquid crystal cell between two pieces of polarizers arranged so that the director of the liquid crystal molecules can be in parallel to the polarization plane on another side. Then, by impressing a voltage and reversing the polarity it is thereby possible to obtain a bright field and dark field (determined by the opposed angles of the polarizers). On the other hand, in the case where display elements are to be operated in the guest-host mode it is possible to obtain bright field and coloured field (determined by the arrangement of polarization sheets) by reversing the polarity of impressed voltage.
  • liquid crystal molecules In general, it is difficult to align liquid crystal molecules in smectic state in parallel to the wall surface of glass; hence liquid crystal molecules have been aligned by cooling them very slowly (e.g. 1 to 2°C/hr) initially starting from their isotropic liquid, in a magnetic field of several tens of Kilogauss or more, but in the case of liquid crystal substances having cholesteric phase, the substances are cooled at a cooling rate of 1°C/min. under impression of a direct current voltage of 50 to 100V in place of magnetic filed, whereby it is possible easily to obtain a monodomain state where liquid crystal molecules are uniformly aligned.
  • liquid crystal molecules In general, it is difficult to align liquid crystal molecules in smectic state in parallel to the wall surface of glass; hence liquid crystal molecules have been aligned by cooling them very slowly (e.g. 1 to 2°C/hr) initially starting from their isotropic liquid, in a magnetic field of several tens of Kilogauss or more, but in the case of liquid crystal
  • Compounds of the formula (1) also have an optically active carbon atom; hence when one isomeric form is added to a nematic liquid crystal, the present compounds induce a twisted structure in the mixture.
  • Nematic liquid crystals having a twisted structure i.e. chiral nematic liquid crystals, do not form the so-called reverse domain of TN type display elements; hence it is possible to use the compounds of the formula (1) as an agent for preventing the reverse domain.
  • the present invention relates to the racemic forms of the compounds of formula (I).
  • the racemic compounds exhibit an SC phase and are useful for modifying the properties of liquid crystal mixtures.
  • racemic 2-methyl-1-butanol when racemic 2-methyl-1-butanol is used in place of S(-)-2-methyf-1-butanol in the synthesis mentioned below for the optically active compounds the racemic compound is similarly prepared, and exhibits almost the same phase transition point as that of the isomer (I).
  • Racemic compounds exhibit a SC phase in place of a SC * phase, and when they are added to the optically active compounds of the formula (I), they are usable for controlling the chiral smectic pitch thereof.
  • the compounds of the formula (1) of the present invention may be prepared through the following steps:
  • liquid crystal compounds and liquid crystal compositions will be described in more details by way of Examples.
  • Nonyl chloroformate (24.7 g, 0.119 mol) was added to a solution of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (16 g, 0.131 mol) dissolved in dry pyridine (100 ml), to react them together, followed by sufficiently stirring, allowing the reaction liquid to stand over night, adding toluene (100 ml) and water (100 ml), washing with 6N-hydrochloric acid and then with 2N-NaOH solution and further washing with water till the washing water became neutral and distilling off toluene to obtain 4-nonyloxycarbonyloxyaldehyde as residue (33.2 g).
  • optically active p-toluenesulfonic acid-2-methylbutyl ester is prepared in a conventional manner, that is, by reacting p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride with S(-)-2-methyl-1-butanol in pyridine.
  • hydroquinone (248 g, 2.252 mols) and KOH (88 g, 1.571 mol) are dissolved in water (30 ml) and ethanol (2 I), and to the solution is added the above p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride-2-methylbutyl ester (366 g, 1.510 mol), followed by heating the mixture with stirring for 2 hours, and further for 7 hours under reflux, distilling off ethanolchloride-2-methylbutyl ester (366 g, 1.510 mol), followed by heating the mixture with stirring for 2 hours, and further for 7 hours under reflux, distilling off ethanol (1.7 I) and adding water (1.9 I) and 6N-hydrochloric acid for acidification to separate a brown oily product, which was then extracted with heptane (150 ml), followed by three times washing the heptane layer with water (500 ml), distilling off the solvent and distilling the residue under reduced pressure to obtain a fraction having a boiling point of 115 - 135
  • the melting points thereof are shown in Examples 2-5 of Table 1 together with the results of Example 1.
  • This product was a monotropic, smectic A liquid crystal having a C-I point of 43.0°C and an I - SA point of 41.6°C. Further, the values of elemental analysis of this compound accorded well with the calculated values as follows:
  • This product also was a smectic liquid crystal and had a C-S, point of 43.0°C, a S,-SH * point of 57.9°C, a SH *- SC * point of 62.5°C and a SC *- I point of 65.1°C.
  • S l referred to herein is an unidentified smectic phase.
  • This product was a smectic and cholesteric liquid crystal and had a C-SC * point of 75.0°C, a SC *- Ch point of 105.3°C and a Ch-I point of 143.4°C. Further the values of elemental analysis of this product accorded well with the calculated values as follows:
  • a nematic liquid crystal composition consisting of
  • a cell (distance between electrodes: 10 ⁇ m) consisting of transparent electrodes having polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) applied thereonto and having the surface subjected to parallel alignment treatment by rubbing to prepare a TN type display cell, which was observed under a polarizing microscope. As a result, it was observed that a reverse domain was formed.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • a TN cell similarly prepared using the blend was observed.
  • the reverse domain was dissolved to form a uniform nematic phase.
  • Example 24 (Use example 2)
  • the blend exhibited a SC * phase up to 87°C and a Ch phase at higher temperatures and directly formed an isotropic liquid at 145°C without passing through a SA phase.
  • This blend was filled in a cell provided with transparent electrodes subjected to a parallel alignment treatment by rubbing its surface, and the cell was gradually cooled till the SC * phase was formed starting from the isotropic liquid range, while a direct current voltage of 50 V was impressed, to obtain a uniform monodomain cell.
  • This liquid crystal cell was placed between two polarizers arranged in a crossed Nicol state, and when an alternating voltage of 15 V having a low frequency (0.5 Hz) was impressed to the cell, a clear switching operation was observed and a liquid crystal display element having a good contrast and a high response velocity (2 m sec.) was obtained.
  • the value of spontaneous polarization Ps of this liquid crystal composition was 2.9 nC/cm 2 .
  • Example 25 (Use example 3)
  • This blend exhibited a SC * phase up to 82°C and a Ch phase at higher temperatures and directly formed an isotropic liquid at 125°C without passing through a SA phase.
  • An anthraquinone dyestuff D-16 (made by BDH Company) was added in an amount of 3% by weight to the above blend to prepare the so-called guest-host type composition. It was filled in a cell same as in Example 24 and one sheet of a polarizer was arranged so that its polarization plane might be perpendicular to the axis of molecule. When an alternating voltage of 15 V having a low frequency of 0.5 Hz was impressed to the cell, a clear switching operation was observed and a color liquid crystal display element having a very good contrast and a high response velocity (2 m sec.) was obtained.
  • the value of spontaneous polarization of this liquid crystal composition was 3.8 nC/cm 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Ester d'acide carbonique répondant à la formule générale
Figure imgb0012
dans laquelle R représente un groupe alkyle à chaîne droite ou ramifiée de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone; 1 représente 0 ou 1; et X représente COO ou ―O― lorsque I = 0 et COO, ―O― ou ―CH2― lorsque I = 1.
2. Composé selon la revendication 1 dans lequel I = 0.
3. Composé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, sous forme d'un isomère optiquement actif.
4. Composé selon la revendication 3, qui est l'isomère (S).
5. Composition cristalline liquide smectique chirale comprenant deux ou plus de deux composants dont l'un au moins est un composé selon la revendication 3.
6. Composition de cristaux liquides smectiques chiraux selon la revendication 5, consistant seulement en plusieurs composés selon la revendication 1.
7. Elément de commutation de lumière à base d'une composition de cristaux liquides smectiques chiraux selon la revendication 5.
EP84306068A 1983-09-05 1984-09-05 Esters d'acide carbonique liquides cristallins et composition de cristaux liquides les contenant Expired EP0136845B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58162766A JPS6054341A (ja) 1983-09-05 1983-09-05 液晶性炭酸エステル類
JP162766/83 1983-09-05

Publications (3)

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EP0136845A2 EP0136845A2 (fr) 1985-04-10
EP0136845A3 EP0136845A3 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0136845B1 true EP0136845B1 (fr) 1988-06-01

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US (1) US4589996A (fr)
EP (1) EP0136845B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6054341A (fr)
DE (1) DE3471685D1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
DE3471685D1 (en) 1988-07-07
US4589996A (en) 1986-05-20
EP0136845A3 (en) 1986-03-26
JPS6054341A (ja) 1985-03-28
JPH0417174B2 (fr) 1992-03-25
EP0136845A2 (fr) 1985-04-10

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