EP0134450B1 - Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de polymères et leur usage - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de polymères et leur usage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0134450B1
EP0134450B1 EP84107403A EP84107403A EP0134450B1 EP 0134450 B1 EP0134450 B1 EP 0134450B1 EP 84107403 A EP84107403 A EP 84107403A EP 84107403 A EP84107403 A EP 84107403A EP 0134450 B1 EP0134450 B1 EP 0134450B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymerization
protein
weight
monomers
initiators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84107403A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0134450A2 (fr
EP0134450A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Eck
Reinhard Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Jira
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wacker Chemie AG
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Wacker Chemie AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0134450A2 publication Critical patent/EP0134450A2/fr
Publication of EP0134450A3 publication Critical patent/EP0134450A3/de
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Publication of EP0134450B1 publication Critical patent/EP0134450B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
    • C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
    • C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C08J3/16—Powdering or granulating by coagulating dispersions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
    • G03C1/047—Proteins, e.g. gelatine derivatives; Hydrolysis or extraction products of proteins
    • G03C2001/0471—Isoelectric point of gelatine
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/91—Suspending agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/911—Emulsifying agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/915—Redox catalyst

Definitions

  • gelatin or casein as a protective colloid in the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions has already been proposed several times.
  • DE-A-2141 864 discloses a process in which vinyl chloride and ethylene and, if appropriate, further comonomers are polymerized using inorganic water-soluble peroxidic initiators in such a way that ethylene is pressed onto the aqueous reaction mixture, vinyl chloride and the other comonomers via at least 6 Dosed hours and the smallest possible amounts of emulsion stabilizer, eg. B. less than 0.4%, based on vinyl chloride and the other comonomers. It is also essential for this procedure to present a vaccination latex.
  • the invention accordingly relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions by polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated compounds by means of free-radical-producing, at least partially water-soluble initiators at reaction temperatures of + 10 to + 100 ° C.
  • the protein (s) based on the total weight of the monomers, is used, at least 30% by weight of the protein (s) being metered in during the polymerization, and the polymerization being carried out in such a way that the isoelectric point (s) ( e) the protein (s) is not affected or passed through and that no emulsifier is present.
  • styrene which can be optionally substituted, (meth) acrylic acid esters with branched or unbranched saturated C 1 to C 18 alcohols, (meth) acrylonitrile, dienes, vinyl or allyl esters of aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic C1 - Polymerize to C, 9- carboxylic acids and vinyl halides.
  • copolymerization parameters can be used individually or, as far as the copolymerization parameters allow, in a mixture, optionally with other monomers, in particular with alkenes, such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, with acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic, crotonic, fumaric and maleic acids whose mono- and / or diesters are (co) polymerized with the abovementioned alcohols, their amides or nitriles.
  • alkenes such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene
  • acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic, crotonic, fumaric and maleic acids whose mono- and / or diesters are (co) polymerized with the abovementioned alcohols, their amides or nitriles.
  • vinyl sulfonates monoesters of di- or polyhydroxyl compounds with (meth) acrylic acid or crotonic acid, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl lactones, vinyl or allyl (di) acetylacetate, vinyl or (meth) acryloylalkoxysilanes ; Vinyl or allyl compounds of glycidyl alcohol, alpha-chloroalkylcarboxylic acids and dichlorotriazines, and also olefinically unsaturated N-methylolamides, e.g. B.
  • N-methyl-ol (meth) acrylamide, N-methylolallyl carbamate, N-methylolallyl ether, Mannich bases, N-methyl esters and ethers of N-methylol (meth) acrylamide can be used as comonomers.
  • the comonomers mentioned can be copolymerized with the monomers mentioned above or their mixtures.
  • Reducing sulfur compounds in particular salts of sulfoxylic acid and sulfuric acid, and ascorbic acid can be mentioned as preferred reducing agents.
  • Sodium and zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite can be mentioned as individual sulfur compounds.
  • the oxidizing and reducing agents mentioned can each be used individually or as mixtures.
  • the oxidation component is preferably used in excess of the reduction component. This can e.g. B. happen that the oxidizing agent is introduced in whole or in part, while the reducing agent and optionally the rest of the oxidation component are preferably metered to the extent of their consumption during the polymerization.
  • the peroxidic initiator is used in amounts of at least 30 mmol, preferably at least 45 mmol, based on 1 kg of the total monomer (mixture).
  • the amount of the reducing agent optionally used is preferably 15 to 95 mol%, in particular up to 80% by weight, based on the peroxidic compound (s).
  • the reaction mixture here is the water and reaction components and compounds dissolved or dispersed therein.
  • the upper limit of the concentration of the initiator depends on the type of monomers used and in particular on the selected reaction temperature and the intended degree of polymerization.
  • the protective colloid also has a certain influence on the amount of initiator to be used. However, those skilled in the art can easily determine the optimal amounts in a few preliminary tests. In general, 3% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, will suffice.
  • Proteins are used individually or in a mixture with one another, preferably individually, in water-soluble or water-soluble by known digestion methods.
  • At least 30% by weight of the total amount of protein is metered in during the polymerization. According to a preferred embodiment, at least 60% by weight of the total amount is added to the reaction mixture in parallel with the monomer metering. It is also possible to emulsify the monomers using the proteins and then to meter this pre-emulsion.
  • the total amount of protein in the context of the aforementioned pre-emulsion.
  • the metering is preferably started at the latest when the solids content of the reaction mixture is 20, in particular 10,% by weight, based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
  • the upper limit of the amount of protective colloid is practically not set by the polymerization process according to the invention, but by the purpose of the finished dispersion.
  • the viscosity of the proteins also limits the amount that can be used. This is e.g. B. can be seen from this that this limit can be pushed further when using kneaders for the polymerization.
  • Highly viscous protein types e.g. B. gelatin 160 B, z. B. preferably up to 10 wt .-%
  • very low viscosity types e.g. B. Gelita Sol E, however z. B. preferably up to 100 wt .-%, in particular up to 50 wt .-%, based on the total monomer weight, are used.
  • Protective colloids with viscosities in between can accordingly be used in amounts of preferably from 10 to 50% by weight.
  • the polymerization process according to the invention is at 10 to 100 ° C. preferably 35 to 80 ° C, and preferably carried out at pressures up to 200 bar. No ethylene is used. the polymerization is preferably carried out at most at the autogenous pressure of the monomers at the respective reaction temperature. In a particularly preferred embodiment, pressures of up to 100 bar are sufficient when using ethylene.
  • ethylene is also polymerized, it can be introduced in full or partially metered in.
  • a certain desired pressure is preferably set before the polymerization and then, if appropriate, kept constant by pressing ethylene through the polymerization.
  • the ethylene pressure can also be varied during the polymerization reaction, provided that e.g. B. for the production of polymers of different compositions is desired.
  • the other monomers or comonomers are initially charged to a maximum of 40% by weight of the total amount, the rest is metered in during the polymerization, preferably to the extent of the consumption.
  • the addition can take place separately, as a mixture and / or as a pre-emulsion.
  • the total monomer concentration of these other monomers in the reaction mixture is below 20% by weight, more preferably at most 15% by weight. based on the total weight of the reaction mixture. If ethylene is copolymerized, especially if copolymers with more than 10% by weight of copolymerized ethylene units are desired, the total concentration of these other comonomers, i.e. H. of the unsaturated esters, halogen-substituted ethylenes, etc., particularly preferably at most 10% by weight. in particular at most 5% by weight. based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.
  • the monomers can be added separately, mixed and / or added as a pre-emulsion or optionally as an aqueous solution.
  • the polymerization can be carried out at pH values from approx. 2 to approx. 10, but the pH values which correspond to the isoelectric point of a protein used are excluded. Reaching such a value causes different proteins, e.g. B. casein, their coagulation and thus generally that of the polymer. For other proteins, e.g. B. the gelatins, the protective colloid effect is greatly reduced in such cases, which often has the consequence of coagulation.
  • the protein is preferably polymerized on the basic side of the isoelectric point, since the need for protective colloid is lower here than on the acidic side.
  • the pH can be adjusted in the usual way, e.g. B. be controlled by adding buffer substances in the usual amount.
  • buffer substances are water-soluble hydrogen salts of polybasic acids, e.g. B. alkali salts of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and carbonic acid, especially sodium bicarbonate, bisulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate and. ⁇ .
  • protective colloids such as polyvinyl alcohols (partially saponified polyvinyl acetate), cellulose derivatives and the like are optionally added as further conventional additives. ⁇ . Used in the usual amounts. However, these dispersion auxiliaries and dispersion stabilizers, if at all, are preferably only added to the finished dispersion after the end of the polymerization, since otherwise they can often interfere with the polymerization in an undesirable manner or modify the products in an undesirable manner.
  • additives can also be introduced into the dispersions prepared according to the invention in customary amounts.
  • examples include film-forming aids, plasticizers, pesticides, emulsifiers, stabilizers against thermal or electromagnetic damage and the like. a. m. called.
  • polymer dispersions with good properties can be produced by the process according to the invention with good reproducibility. So far, no easily reproducible process that meets today's technical requirements has been known, which is probably due to the easy grafting, easy interference of the tertiary structure and the other great reactivity of the proteins. In particular, it is surprising that in the process according to the invention it is possible to dispense with any conventional dispersing aids such as anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric emulsifiers, other protective colloids and the known stabilizing comonomers.
  • any conventional dispersing aids such as anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric emulsifiers, other protective colloids and the known stabilizing comonomers.
  • the dispersions prepared according to the invention can be used as such.
  • B. Addition to hydraulically setting masses (esp. Stable cement and concrete masses) can be used.
  • the polymers can, for. B. can also be precipitated or isolated by another known method.
  • the amounts and concentrations are based on weight.
  • the percentages of the amounts of the components of the initiator systems, of the monomers and of the protein each relate to the total weight of the monomers (without ethylene), that of the solids content and the residual monomers to the total weight of the dispersions.
  • the wet residue is given in grams / 1.5 kg batch.
  • the mean particle size was measured using the Nanosizer "in nm and is given according to the particle size distribution.
  • the viscosities were measured using a Brookfield viscometer (mPas).
  • a cylindrical reaction vessel with anchor stirrer, reflux condenser, thermometer and feed vessels for initiator, monomer (mixture) and buffer solution, as well as a nozzle for taking samples, water, starch, optionally parts of the catalyst system, optionally a part of the monomers and optionally additives were placed , brought to the reaction temperature with stirring and the rest of the monomers, the catalyst system and the buffer were metered in in about 2 hours. After the end of the polymerization, the polymerization was optionally continued for a further 1/2 hour in the usual manner with the further addition of water-soluble initiator.
  • the dosage of the monomers as pre-emulsion is marked with VE.
  • the monomers were emulsified in an aqueous solution of the protective colloid (protein).
  • gelatin German gelatine factories, Eberbach
  • commercial proteins were used.
  • the particle size distribution was measured with a nano-sizer "and given in the form x / y.
  • X means the so-called polydispersity and is in the range 0 to 9 (0 very narrow distribution, 9 large polydispersity).
  • y indicates the average particle size in nanometers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Procédé pour préparer les dispersions aqueuses de polymères, par polymérisation de composés à insaturation éthylénique à l'aide d'amorceurs, au moins partiellement hydrosolubles, fournissant des radicaux libres, à des températures de réaction allant de + 10 à + 100 °C en présence d'au moins une protéine hydrosoluble et éventuellement d'autres additifs usuels, en plaçant au préalable une proportion d'au maximum 40 % en poids de la totalité des monomères et en introduisant de façon dosée le reste des monomères au cours de la polymérisation, procédé caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme amorceurs éventuellement en combinaison avec des réducteurs hydrosolubles, des peroxydes de cétones et/ou des hydroperoxydes organiques en des quantités minimum 30 mmoles pour chaque kg de mélange total des monomères et en ce qu'on utilise la ou les protéines en des quantités d'au moins 3 % en poids, sur la base du poids total des monomères, une proportion d'au moins 30 % en poids de la ou des protéines étant introduites de façon dosée au cours de la polymérisation et la polymérisation étant conduite de manière à ne pas se rapprocher de trop près du ou des points iso-électriques de la ou des protéines ni à excéder ces points iso-électriques, en opérant sans la présence d'un émulsifiant.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise les amorceurs peroxydiques en combinaison avec des composés soufrés réducteurs ou avec l'acide ascorbique.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise comme amorceurs peroxydiques des hydroperoxydes d'alkyle et/ou d'aralkyle.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on conduit la polymérisation à des pH supérieurs au point iso-électrique de la protéine.
5. Utilisation des dispersions préparées selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour préparer des adhésifs ou colles, comme adjuvants pour colorants, peintures ou teintures, comme adjuvants pour du textile ou du papier, ou comme additifs à des compositions à prise hydraulique.
EP84107403A 1983-07-01 1984-06-28 Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de polymères et leur usage Expired EP0134450B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833323810 DE3323810A1 (de) 1983-07-01 1983-07-01 Verfahren zur herstellung waessriger polymerdispersionen und ihre verwendung
DE3323810 1983-07-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0134450A2 EP0134450A2 (fr) 1985-03-20
EP0134450A3 EP0134450A3 (en) 1985-05-29
EP0134450B1 true EP0134450B1 (fr) 1989-02-01

Family

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EP84107403A Expired EP0134450B1 (fr) 1983-07-01 1984-06-28 Procédé de préparation de dispersions aqueuses de polymères et leur usage

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4542184A (fr)
EP (1) EP0134450B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6015402A (fr)
DE (2) DE3323810A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT389518B (de) * 1987-09-02 1989-12-27 Inst Khim Akademii Nauk Uzbexk Verfahren zur herstellung eines wasserloeslichen polyelektrolyten
AT395244B (de) * 1989-05-31 1992-10-27 Hoffenreich Ludwig & Sohn Verfahren zur herstellung von waessrigen polymerdispersionen, deren verwendung und eine haertbare mischung
US5208075A (en) * 1990-09-15 1993-05-04 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Sizing agent for staple fiber and filament yarns
US5269980A (en) * 1991-08-05 1993-12-14 Northeastern University Production of polymer particles in powder form using an atomization technique
IT1276816B1 (it) * 1995-10-04 1997-11-03 Atochem Elf Italia Emulsione a basso voc
DE19613931A1 (de) * 1996-04-06 1997-10-09 Hoechst Ag Pulverförmige Klebstoffzusammensetzung
DE19617716A1 (de) 1996-05-03 1997-11-06 Basf Ag In wäßriger Lösung redispergierbare Polymerpulver
US6084024A (en) 1996-11-12 2000-07-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Water borne pressure sensitive adhesive compositions derived from copolymers of higher vinyl esters
FR2774383B1 (fr) * 1998-02-02 2001-06-01 Rhodia Chimie Sa Composition pulverulente redispersable dans l'eau a base de polymere filmogene et d'au moins un polypeptide
US20020065381A1 (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-05-30 Lorah Dennis Paul Redox process for preparing emulsion polymer having low formaldehyde content
DE10322788A1 (de) * 2003-05-19 2004-12-09 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymerpulvern
DE102005033002A1 (de) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Basf Ag Wässrige Monomeremulsionen enthaltend Hydrophobin

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA543252A (fr) * 1957-07-09 Canadian Kodak Co. Limited Composition de proteine polymerisee
US1756943A (en) * 1927-07-23 1930-05-06 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Artificial compositions especially those resembling rubber
US2388602A (en) * 1942-07-28 1945-11-06 Shawinigan Chem Ltd Polymerization of vinyl esters in emulsion
US2393438A (en) * 1943-09-13 1946-01-22 Sealtest Inc Copolymers
US2836585A (en) * 1954-03-26 1958-05-27 Diamond Alkali Co Process for polymerizing a vinyl halide polymer in the presence of gelatin
NL94253C (fr) * 1955-03-14
GB854191A (en) * 1958-02-05 1960-11-16 British Celanese Improvements in or relating to the production of resinous compositions
US3784491A (en) * 1971-05-27 1974-01-08 Wilson & Co Inc Polymerization of vinyl monomers using coacervate stabilizing agents containing gelatin
US4118556A (en) * 1974-08-22 1978-10-03 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of acrylonitrile-vinyl-chloride copolymers with improved whiteness
JPS603087B2 (ja) * 1976-06-17 1985-01-25 住友化学工業株式会社 水性分散液の製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0119802B2 (fr) 1989-04-13
JPS6015402A (ja) 1985-01-26
DE3323810A1 (de) 1985-01-03
DE3476547D1 (en) 1989-03-09
US4542184A (en) 1985-09-17
EP0134450A2 (fr) 1985-03-20
EP0134450A3 (en) 1985-05-29

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