EP0130236B1 - Attachment for hydraulic excavators and cranes - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for hydraulic crawler and mobile excavators or similar carrier vehicles.

It has a directional link which is articulated on the extension arm and can be rotated in a force-locking manner, on which an upper arm and an upper arm rod which is parallel and of the same length and are connected to the upper arm and which jointly guide a parallel link on which a forearm which carries the tool is on the same axis as the upper arm and is mounted on its own plane, with a drive and synchronizing device forcing equal but opposite angular deflections of the upper and lower arm, which have approximately the same length.

Such a device is known from the applicant's European patent application 83101851.0. Furthermore, it was known from DE-A-3 140 568 that the upper and lower arms each carry a hydraulic cylinder.

The object of the invention is to combine this known working arm with a likewise known universal joint arm (cf. e.g. DE-A-2 154 724), the arm of which can be pivoted out of the plane of movement of the basic arm, and to coordinate both parts to one another to enable wide application. Different types of tools should be able to be guided on the known straight, automatically repeating and curvable forced path with variable throat and height in radial to tangential direction, based on the axis of rotation of the excavator superstructure. Any increased stress on the slewing gear and any slipping of the hydraulic excavator should be reduced by suitable means. The familiar exchange of working stroke and fast return is to be simplified.

This problem is solved by the features of the main claim as basic equipment. Claim 2 characterizes a spoon which can be easily rotated. According to claim 3, the use of wide leveling and trenching buckets is possible. According to claim 4, when the excavator bucket is emptied suddenly, a counterweight movably mounted on the boom head can be accelerated from the rest position. The claims 5 and 6 characterize additional parts for increased radius and altitude. For tangential digging work, a penetration knife can be attached to the basic boom.

• Der bekannte Zwangweg, dessen Länge die Länge der dabei bewegten Arme weit übertrifft, wird nicht nur in einer Ebene, sondern auch räumlich nutzbar. Der Zwangweg kann nicht nur in der Bewegungsebene der Arme gekrümmt werden, sondern durch Überlagerung mit einer Schwenkbewegung des Auslegerkopfes auch in dazu senkrechter Ebene.

This solution offers the following advantages:

• The well-known forced path, the length of which far exceeds the length of the arms being moved, can be used not only in one plane, but also in space. The forced path can not only be curved in the plane of movement of the arms, but also in a plane perpendicular thereto by overlapping with a pivoting movement of the boom head.

To exchange the working stroke and the fast return, only the piston rods of the upper and forearm cylinders have to be loosened and repositioned. The spoon can be turned. For example, Falling and rising embankments can be worked in both directions with full tear strength. A support position that goes beyond the cut position is made possible by the spoon cylinder directly or via an intermediate lever with a handlebar.

Despite the off-center position, the bucket can dig in the direction of the pivot pin of the excavator with the boom head slightly pivoted so that the slewing gear is not stressed (Fig. 3).

During the movement of the bucket to the emptying location, the boom head is swiveled, whereby the bucket is guided to the side of the excavator or past the uppercarriage in a curved, forced way to the rear.

Turning the uppercarriage back and forth at every game is largely superfluous, which speeds up the gameplay. Since the spoon is then emptied in the direction of conveyance, rapid and effective emptying is possible by strongly delaying its movement. The reaction of the mass forces on the excavator can be mitigated by accelerating a moving counterweight (Fig. 4).

When the boom head is swiveled, the bucket or a dozer blade or fang can also excavate, level, profile or tear open outside the lane and across the excavator, i.e. tangentially. (Fig 4). Narrow trenches, particularly those with shoring, can be excavated transversely in front of the superstructure, with the excavator running parallel to the trench.

The boom can be equipped with a plunge knife to prevent the entire excavator from turning away and high loads on the uppercarriage slewing gear during cross excavation. The penetration knife can also serve as a support plate in order to increase stability, especially when the directional link is extended.

Working with a drilling, ramming and pulling device or stick gripper only requires a few easy-to-install additional parts that increase the usable height and range. The forced path can be tilted on all sides, so that there is no need to level the excavator.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings.

• Fig 1 die Einrichtung mit einem als Ladeschaufel grabenden Tieflöffel in Seitenansicht
• Fig 2 die gleiche Einrichtung nach Umrüstung für Tieflöffelarbeiten
• Fig 3 eine Draufsicht zu Fig 2
• Fig 4 eine andere Ausführungsform der Einrichtung mit breitem Planierlöffel bei in Querlage geschwenktem Arbeitsarm. Der Ausleger ist mit einer beweglichen Gegenmasse und einem Einstichmesser ausgerüstet.
• Fig 5 eine Draufsicht zu Fig 4
• Fig 6 die Einrichtung nach Fig 4 mit in Längslage liegendem Arbeitsarm und vergrößerter Reichweite durch eine Verlängerung zum Richtungslenker.
• Fig 7 die Einrichtung nach Fig 4 an einem Mobilbagger mit einem Bohrgerät, für verschiedene Hubbereiche in drei Stellungen in Seitenansicht gezeichnet. In Hochlage ermöglicht ein Hilfshebel zum Richtungslenker, daß die beiden Arme nach vorn ausschlagen.
• Fig 8 die Einrichtung nach Fig 7 in Hochlage und bei Seitenneigung in Rückansicht,
• Fig 9 den Kreuzgelenkausleger mit Einstichmesser nach Fig 4 in vergrößertem Maßstab.
• Fig 10 eine Vorderansicht zu Fig 9
• Fig 11 eine Draufsicht zu Fig 9

It shows:

• Fig. 1 shows the device with a digging bucket as a loading shovel in side view
• Fig 2 shows the same facility after retrofitting for backhoe work
• 3 is a top view of FIG. 2
• Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the device with a wide leveling bucket with the working arm pivoted in the transverse position. The boom is equipped with a movable counterweight and a penetration knife.
• 5 is a top view of FIG. 4
• 6 shows the device according to FIG. 4 with the working arm lying in the longitudinal position and with an extended range through an extension to the directional link.
• 7 shows the device according to FIG. 4 on a mobile excavator with a drilling device, for different stroke ranges in three positions in a side view. In the high position, an auxiliary lever to the directional link allows the two arms to swing forward.
• 8 shows the device according to FIG. 7 in a high position and with a side inclination in a rear view,
• Fig. 9 shows the universal joint arm with penetration knife according to Fig. 4 on an enlarged scale.
• 10 is a front view of FIG. 9
• 11 is a plan view of FIG. 9

The basic boom 1 is articulated on the superstructure 2 of a hydraulic excavator and can be rotated about a horizontal axis by means of boom cylinders 3 and 3 'articulated on the excavator.

The boom head 4 can be pivoted about a pivot axis 6 lying in the plane of movement of the basic boom 1 by the pivot cylinder 5 articulated on the basic boom 1, the piston rod of which is pinned on the boom head 4 by means of locking pins 31 or 32. On the boom head 4, a directional joint 7 is arranged at right angles to the pivot axis 6, to which the directional link 8 is articulated, which can be rotated in a force-locking manner by the directional cylinder 9 which is also articulated on the boom head 4. The directional arm 8 rotates the direction of movement of a tool guided by the working arm about the directional joint 7.

On the directional link 8, the upper arm 10 can be articulated on a special upper arm joint 28 or in a known manner together with the boom head 4 on the directional joint 7. Upper arm 10 and forearm 11 are each driven by an upper 12 and forearm cylinder 13, the cylinders being articulated on the arms 10 and 11 and the piston rods on the two-arm parallel link 14 which is guided through the upper arm rod 17 parallel to the directional link 8. To reverse the power stroke and return, the two piston rods are articulated on the opposite arm of the parallel link 14, the cylinders 12 and 13 remaining in their plane.

In FIG. 1, the power stroke takes place away from the hydraulic excavator, in FIGS. 2 and 3 towards the hydraulic excavator. The synchronism of the two cylinders 12 and 13 is regulated via the oil quantities supplied and discharged.

A spoon link 29 can be articulated on the forearm joint 19 and is guided through the forearm rod 18 parallel to the parallel link 14. The spoon 16 is articulated on the spoon joint 34 of the spoon link 29. To reverse the movement, the spoon 16 is removed, turned over and articulated again to the spoon link 29 and the piston rod of the spoon cylinder 30 pivoted through the central position.

Since the spoon link 29 is always guided parallel to the movement path by the forearm rod 18, the required spoon rotation angle is smaller than is customary in excavators and can also be achieved without the known transmission lever with direct linkage of the piston rod of the spoon cylinder 30 to the spoon 16.

2 and 3, the boom head 4 is pivoted so much to the right that the bucket 16 digs in the direction of the superstructure pivot 15 despite the asymmetrical arrangement. As shown in dash-dotted lines in Fig. 3, the bucket can also dig tangentially to the excavator next to the lane.

By pivoting the boom head 4 to the left during the lifting movement, the bucket 16 is guided into the emptying position indicated by dash-dotted lines. This pivoting begins before the bucket 16 has reached the middle of the forced path. The emptying distance can be increased by swiveling the superstructure 2 to the right.

If the bucket 16 is guided to the emptying position in this manner or as in the cross excavation according to FIG. 4, that is to say with little or no superstructure rotation, it is emptied in the conveying direction. This allows rapid reversal of movement due to strong deceleration, which is effected according to FIG. 4 by acting on the annular spaces 20, 20 'of the upper 12 and forearm cylinder 13.

In order to reduce the jerky stress caused by the dynamic mass forces, a guide 21 for a counterweight 22 and a respective push cylinder 23, 23 'can be arranged on the boom head 4', which are connected by lines 24 and 25 to the annular spaces 20, 20 '. When changing over to emptying, the shock cylinders 23, 23 'are supplied with pressure oil, as a result of which their piston rods lift the counterweight 22 vigorously. In the further course of the game, the counter mass 22, after relieving the annular spaces 20, 20 ', e.g. returned to the starting position by its own weight and drives out the oil. The separate connecting lines 24 and 25 ensure the synchronism of the arms with different loads on the cylinders 12 and 13 during the reversal of movement. When the working direction is reversed, the guide 21 is pivoted to the opposite side, as indicated by dash-dotted lines.

If the spoon 16 is guided into the emptying position, mainly by rotating the superstructure and / or pivoting the boom head 4, effective emptying is not supported by the reversal of movement, which increases the playing time.

4 to 11 show the basic boom 1 'and the head part 4' with the pivot axis 6 raised. This and a low-lying spoon joint 34 on the spoon link 29 enable wide trench or leveling spoons 35 to be moved freely even in the emptying position.

The directional link 8 'can consist of two parts and enables a large adjustment angle from vertically downwards to vertically upwards by means of the detachable articulation part 27, to which the directional cylinder 9 is articulated, around spoons, grippers, load hooks, ramming and pulling tools and the like to be able to move in suitable directions.

In FIG. 6, an extension 26 is attached to the directional link 8 'to increase the range. The working arm guides a wide leveling or digging bucket 35, pushing upwards on the rising slope and pulling horizontally and on the falling slope. The inclination of the surface generated and its distance from the excavator can be changed by the interaction of the directional cylinder 9 and boom cylinder 3, 3 '. Swiveling the boom head 4 'in opposite directions and rotating the superstructure 2 also causes a change in radius.

Unilateral cutting of the spoon cutting edge can be eliminated or achieved, either by rotating the upper carriage 2 if the removal surface is not perpendicular to the upper carriage pivot 15, or by pivoting the boom head 4 'if the removal surface is not perpendicular to the pivot axis 6.

The bucket edge can be tilted sharply by pivoting the boom head 4 'when the movement path of the bucket 35 is approximately parallel to the pivot axis 6, which can sometimes save a pivoting bucket.

According to FIGS. 7 and 8, the device guides a tool of various types, for example a drilling device 33. In the deep position shown in broken lines, the drilling device 33 is guided vertically to far below the schedule. By lifting the boom 1 'and adjusting the directional arm 8' by the directional cylinder 9, the movement path of the drilling device 33 can be brought in any direction from forward inclination to strong inclination backwards and the radius can be changed.

In order to use the full stroke above the timetable, the upper arm rod 17 is released from the directional link 8 'and the auxiliary lever 38 is permanently attached to the latter. The directional arm 8 'is turned upwards without rotating the upper arm 10. The upper arm rod 17 is articulated on the articulation eye 39 of the auxiliary lever 38. The arms 10, 12 now swing forward and are not hindered by the boom in the case of the side inclination shown in FIG. The drilling device 33 can be tilted on all sides in a large area.

9 to 11 the boom is shown with the boom head 4 'pivoted in the transverse position. A plunge knife 37 with a handle 36, which is fixed in the puncture position, is arranged on the basic boom 1 '. The penetration knife 37 is pressed into the ground when the basic boom 1 'is lowered (see FIG. 4) and largely absorbs the digging forces of the bucket 16 digging in front of the superstructure 2 and transversely to the boom 1'.

Claims (7)

1. An equipment attached to a fluid actuated crawler or wheel type excavator with an undercarriage and a rotatable platform
comprising

a) a boom base linked to the rotatable platform and rotatable by power in a vertical plane

b) a boom head, rotatably connected to the boom base by a swing axis extending in the moving plane of the boom base, incorporating a directive pivot extending crosswise to the swing axis.

c) a directive guide hinged to the boom head by the directive pivot.

d) a fluid actuated boom cylinder, swing cylinder and directive cylinder to operate the boom base, boom head and directive guide.

e) an upper arm pivotally connected to the directive guide,

f) an upper arm rod being parallel to the upper arm and of equal length and pivotally connected to the directive guide,

g) a parallel guide guided by the upper arm and the upper arm rod,

h) an upper arm cylinder pivotally mounted on the upper arm, with a piston rod connected alternatively to one or the other arm of the two armed parallel guide.

i) a lower arm pivotally connected to the parallel guide on the same axis as the upper arm but in another plane and carrying a tool at its other end.

k) a lower arm cylinder pivotally mounted on the lower arm, with a piston rod connected to one or the other arm of the parallel guide, but not at the same arm as the upper arm cylinder rod.

1) a known device, which controls fluid flow to and from the upper- and lower arm cylinders in such manner, that upper arm and lower arm move with equal but counterwise angles.

2. Equipment according to claim 1, wherein

a) a lower arm rod, being parallel and of the same length as the lower arm, is pivotally connected to the parallel guide,

b) a bucket guide is pivotally connected to the lower arm and to the lower arm rod

c) a bucket is attached to the bucket guide alternatively for one or the other working direction.

d) a bucket cylinder is pivotally connected to the bucket guide, with its piston rod being connected to the bucket which is alternatively mounted for one or the other working direction.

e) the bucket cylinder is able to turn the bucket beyond the cutting position into a carrying position.

3. Equipment according to claim 1 wherein the bucket pivot at the bucket guide is situated in such a distance below the lower arm pivot, that a wide levelling bucket, even in dumping position, can freely move below the directive guide and the boom head.

4. Equipment according to claim 1 wherein

a) a movable counterweight is led by a guide in such a direction that its setting in motion creates a force, which counteracts the tilting load caused by quick reversal of the moving parts during the dumping phase.

b) two shock cylinders are fastened to the guide of the counterweight and their piston rods push the counterweight

c) a pipe connects one shock cylinder with the circular room within the upper arm cylinder and another pipe connects the second shock cylinder with the circular room within the lower arm cylinder during reversal of the bucket while dumping.

5. equipment according to claim 1 wherein an extension is fastened to the directive guide and the upper arm and the upper arm rod are pivotally connected to the extension.

6. equipment according to claim 1 wherein an auxiliary lever with a pivot at its free end is fastened to the directive guide and the upper arm rod is linked to the pivot.

7. equipment according to claim 1 wherein a rod with a penetrating blade is linked to the boom base and may be moved and locked either in an upward idle position or in a position penetrating the ground, with the penetrating blade being parallel to the boom base, or in a supporting position with the penetrating blade resting on the ground.

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