EP0663034B1 - Earth-moving machine with revolving tower and adjustable counterweight - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposal is for an earth-moving machine, e.g. a cable dredger, hydraulic dredger, ditcher, loading shovel or the like with a bogie (3) possibly connected to moving gear (2) on which a superstructure (5) pivotable about a vertical axis is secured on which there is working gear (11) integral with a counterweight (9), in which the superstructure (5) is divided into a stationary section (10), possibly rotatable about the vertical axis (7) and a section (10) pivotable about a horizontal axis (13) and the pivotable section (10) is directly or indirectly coupled to the working gear (1).

Description

The invention relates to a machine for earthworks, such as cable excavators, hydraulic excavators, backhoe excavators, loading shovel excavators or the like.

DE-A 32 32 163 relates to a hydraulically driven excavator which has mechanical-hydraulic working elements, such as compression springs, leaf springs, tension springs or counterweights, by means of which the dead weight of the cantilever arm and equipment (bucket, gripper, chisel and others) is lifted based on force. An extension can be attached to the boom suspension, to which a counterweight (counterweight) is attached, the weight of which depends on the size of the boom arm with equipment. By neutralizing the cantilever's own weight, the basically necessary transport and the associated application of energy are no longer necessary. On the one hand, this frees up additional capacity and, on the other hand, it can save significant operating energy shares while the work remains the same.

Equipment and counterweight are mounted on a common trestle on the superstructure, a hydraulic ram being provided between the superstructure and the equipment, which may interact with a spring. The disadvantage here is that due to the geometric arrangement and the pivoting of the counterweight above the superstructure, the stability of the device with the counterweight raised is absolutely in question.

DE-B 19 17 434 relates to a machine for earthworks, for example excavators or the like, with a rotating device arranged on a chassis, which carries a rotating tower containing the implement and a counterweight. Arranged between the rotating device and the rotating tower is a vertically aligned, adjustable parallelogram support which consists of two parallel arms articulated at one end to a platform located on the rotating device and at the other at the rotating tower. Between one of the arms and the platform or the turret a piston-cylinder device is arranged. The parallelogram and thus the shifting of the counterweight or components of the superstructure are adapted to the respective work situation or the transport purpose, which ultimately results in a relatively large construction effort since there is no operative connection between equipment and counterweight.

CA-A 1 008 407 relates to a machine for earthworks, in particular a hydraulic excavator. The excavator contains an undercarriage that can be moved on caterpillars, on which an upper carriage is rotatably mounted via a connecting element. Work equipment consisting of a boom system and a shovel is pivotally attached to the superstructure. A displaceable counterweight is arranged on the end of the superstructure facing away from the boom system and is connected to the boom system via lifting elements. The shifting of the counterweight serves the purpose of ensuring the stability of the excavator in the case of excessively long boom systems, the counterweight being shifted diametrically when the boom system is extended.

The aim of the subject matter of the invention is to develop a machine for earthworks in such a way that the potential energy of the respective work cycle is stored with simple constructive means in order to be able to use it sensibly again in the next cycle.

This goal is achieved with the requirements of the characterizing part of the first claim.

Advantageous further developments of the subject matter of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The subject of the invention can be used in a sensible manner in all machines for earthworks, in particular cable excavators, hydraulic excavators, backhoe and loading shovel excavators, the rocker depending on the particular device either being shifted to a support frame as a one-piece component or a division of the equipment and the swiveling part Part is made, each stored separately on a trestle and are connected to one another by corresponding connecting elements, such as ropes, chains or hydraulic cylinders.

Figuren 1 und 2 -

Ladeschaufelbagger mit verschiedenen Stellungen der Ausrüstung als Prinzipskizze

Figuren 3 und 4 -

Prinzipskizze eines Tieflöffelbaggers mit verschiedenen Stellungen der Ausrüstung

The subject matter of the invention is illustrated in the drawing using an exemplary embodiment and is described as follows. Show it:

Figures 1 and 2 -

Bucket excavator with various positions of the equipment as a schematic diagram

Figures 3 and 4 -

Schematic diagram of a backhoe with various positions of the equipment

FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of a hydraulic excavator 1 designed as a loading shovel excavator, which is essentially composed of the following components:
an undercarriage 3 connected to a crawler chassis 2, a slewing ring 4, a stationary uppercarriage part 5 together with the driver's cab 6, the uppercarriage 5 being pivotable about the vertical axis 7 relative to the undercarriage 3. A pivotable part 10 consisting of the components motor 8, counterweight 9 and the hydraulic system, not shown here, is connected to the work equipment 11, forming a kind of rocker, which carries the loading shovel 12 in the region of its free end. The components 10 and 11 can thus be pivoted about a common horizontal axis 13, which is only indicated here, but at the same time can be rotated about the vertical axis 7 together with the stationary superstructure part 5. The zero position of the pivotable part 10 is indicated by the dashed line 14 and the vertical distance between this zero position 14 and the upper edge 14 'of the undercarriage 3 is denoted by V. As a result of this vertical distance, a swivel angle alpha of more than 45 ° can be achieved.

Das Höhen-Gewichtsverhältnis des schwenkbaren Teiles 10 zur Ausrüstung 11 entspricht in diesem Beispiel etwa dem Wert $${\text{h}}_{\text{a}}{\text{x m}}_{\text{a}}{\text{/ h}}_{\text{b}}{\text{x m}}_{\text{b}}\text{= ca. 0,7.}$$

The division of the pivot angle alpha is approximately 1/2, ie the pivot angle of the pivotable part 10, based on the zero position 14, is twice as high as down. The distance a from the center of gravity 15 of the pivotable part 10 to the tilting axis referred to in this illustration as the tipping point 35 forms the ratio to the distance b from the center of gravity 16 of the equipment 11 to the tipping point 35 $$\text{a / b> 1.}$$

The height-weight ratio of the pivotable part 10 to the equipment 11 corresponds approximately to the value in this example $${\text{H}}_{\text{a}}{\text{xm}}_{\text{a}}{\text{/ H}}_{\text{b}}{\text{xm}}_{\text{b}}\text{= approx. 0.7.}$$

Auch hier beträgt das Höhen-Gewichtsverhältnis des schwenkbaren Teiles 23 zur Ausrüstung 26 $${\text{h}}_{\text{a}}{\text{x m}}_{\text{a}}{\text{/ h}}_{\text{b}}{\text{x m}}_{\text{b}}\text{= ca. 0,7}$$

wobei der Schwenkwinkel alpha bei etwa 45° liegt.FIGS. 3 and 4 show a schematic diagram of the uppercarriage area 17 of a backhoe excavator, the uppercarriage area 17 being formed from a stationary part 19 which can be rotated about an indicated vertical axis 20 and which is provided with two support brackets 21, 22. The pivotable part 23, which is only indicated here, can be pivoted about the horizontal axis 24 of the support bracket 22 and the equipment 26 which interacts with the backhoe bucket 25 can be pivoted about the horizontal axis 27 of the support bracket 21. In the area of the support frame 22, an elevated area 28 is provided, which carries a deflection disk 29, around which a cable 32 attached to articulation points 30 and 31 on the one hand on the equipment 26 and on the other hand on the pivotable part 23 can be deflected. The distance c from the center of gravity 36 of the pivotable part 23 to the tilt axis referred to in this illustration as the tipping point 37 forms the ratio to the distance d from the center of gravity 38 of the equipment 26 to the tipping point 37 $$\text{c / d> 1.}$$

The height-to-weight ratio of the pivotable part 23 to the equipment 26 is also here $${\text{H}}_{\text{a}}{\text{xm}}_{\text{a}}{\text{/ H}}_{\text{b}}{\text{xm}}_{\text{b}}\text{= approx. 0.7}$$

the swivel angle alpha is approximately 45 °.

FIG. 4 shows the undercarriage 34 equipped with a crawler chassis 33 in a hinted manner.

Claims (12)

1. Earth working machine, such as a cable digger, a hydraulic digger, a shovel excavator (18), a loader (1), having an undercarriage (3, 34), on which is mounted a superstructure (5, 17), on which there is provided work equipment (11, 26) that is in operative connection with a counterweight (9), characterised in that the superstructure consists of two constructional units (5, 17; 10, 23) that are connected to one another through a horizontal axis (13, 24) and are movable in relation to one another about that axis, and one of those constructional units (10, 23) includes at least the counterweight (9) and is coupled mechanically for movement in the same sense as the work equipment (11, 26), as a result of which the height of that constructional unit can be altered.
2. Machine according to claim 1, characterised in that the stationary part (5, 17) is formed substantially by the components: slewing ring (4), a supporting frame (21, 22) and also a driver's cab (6).
3. Machine according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the pivotable part (10, 23) contains the components: motor (8), hydraulic system and counterweight (9).
4. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the pivotable part (10, 23) is pivotable from its horizontal zero position by at least 45° relative to the undercarriage (3, 34) or the superstructure (5, 17).
5. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the distribution of the pivoting angle (α), based on the horizontal zero position (14) of the pivotable part (10, 23), satisfies the formula $$\text{α1/α2 = 1/2}$$

   

   wherein

   α1 is the pivoting angle by which the pivotable part (10, 23) pivots upwards, and

   α2 is the pivoting angle by which the pivotable part (10, 23) pivots downwards.
6. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in a loader (1) the ratio of the distance (a) of the centre of gravity (15) of the pivotable part (10) from the tilting axis (35) of the loader (1) to the distance (b) of the centre of gravity (16) of the equipment (11) from the tilting axis (35) is $$\text{a/b >= 1.}$$

   
7. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in a shovel excavator (18) the ratio of the distance (c) of the centre of gravity (36) of the pivotable part (23) from the tilting axis (37) of the excavator (18) to the distance (d) of the centre of gravity (38) of the equipment (26) from the tilting axis (35) is $$\text{c/d >= 1.}$$

   
8. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the height/weight ratio of the pivotable part (10, 23) relative to the equipment (11, 26) is $${\text{h}}_{\text{a}}{\text{x m}}_{\text{a}}{\text{/ (h}}_{\text{b}}{\text{x m}}_{\text{b}}\text{) = approx. 0.7}$$

   

   wherein

   h_a is the distance of the centre of gravity (15) of the pivotable part (10, 23), when in a raised position, from the horizontal zero position (14) of the pivotable part (10, 23),

   m_a is the weight of the pivotable part (10, 23),

   h_b is the distance of the centre of gravity (16) of the equipment (11, 26), when in a resting position, from the centre of gravity (16) in the raised position of the equipment (11, 26), and

   m_b is the weight of the equipment (11, 26) together with the load.
9. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the equipment (26) is indirectly connected, so as to form a kind of rocker, to the pivotable part (23) in such a manner that both the equipment (26) and the pivotable part (23) are mounted on separate supporting frames (21, 22) and are connected to one another by means of corresponding connecting and/or transmission elements (32).
10. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the equipment (11) is directly connected, so as to form a kind of rocker, to the pivotable part (10) in such a manner that the horizontal pivoting axis (13) is provided in the region of the common supporting frame.
11. Machine according to claim 9, characterised in that the connecting and/or transmission elements are formed by at least one cable (32), chain or the like, which elements are guided in the region of one of the supporting frames (21, 22) and have coupling points (30, 31) both in the region of the equipment (26) and in the region of the pivotable part (23).
12. Machine according to claim 9, characterised in that the connecting and/or transmission elements are formed by at least one hydraulic cylinder that is arranged in the region between the stationary part of the superstructure (5, 17) and the pivotable part (10, 23) and is in operative connection with the hydraulic piston that actuates the equipment (11, 26).

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