EP0117261B1 - Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines - Google Patents

Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0117261B1
EP0117261B1 EP83101851A EP83101851A EP0117261B1 EP 0117261 B1 EP0117261 B1 EP 0117261B1 EP 83101851 A EP83101851 A EP 83101851A EP 83101851 A EP83101851 A EP 83101851A EP 0117261 B1 EP0117261 B1 EP 0117261B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arm
upper arm
cylinder
guide
parallel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83101851A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0117261A1 (en
Inventor
Hugo Dipl.-Ing. Cordes
Hans Kröger
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Cordes Hugo
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Cordes Hugo
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cordes Hugo filed Critical Cordes Hugo
Priority to DE8383101851T priority Critical patent/DE3360544D1/en
Priority to EP83101851A priority patent/EP0117261B1/en
Priority to US06/483,320 priority patent/US4709588A/en
Publication of EP0117261A1 publication Critical patent/EP0117261A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0117261B1 publication Critical patent/EP0117261B1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36Component parts
    • E02F3/42Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/963Arrangements on backhoes for alternate use of different tools
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S414/00Material or article handling
    • Y10S414/13Handlers utilizing parallel links
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18888Reciprocating to or from oscillating
    • Y10T74/1892Lever and slide
    • Y10T74/18928Straight line motions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20207Multiple controlling elements for single controlled element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a working arm for earth and foundation machines for receiving and guiding tools, consisting of an upper arm articulated on the machine or by means of a cantilever arm with a forearm articulated thereon, which carries the tool, and with a drive which Upper arm and forearm moved from a stretched over a folded position, in which both arms are next to each other, in a position stretched in opposite directions.
  • a working arm of this type with an excavator bucket is known.
  • the work arm guides the excavator bucket through a curved, forced path to the emptying site and in the same way back to the grave site through a multi-section linkage that is articulated on the boom and connected to the upper arm.
  • the disadvantage here is that the direction of the forced travel can only be changed by raising or tilting the boom and that the curvature of the forced travel is determined and unchangeable by the linkage. It is also not possible to achieve an exactly straight path using the linkage.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the known working arm so that it can be used in addition to guiding an excavator bucket for other tools and allows a straightforward path in a selectable direction of movement and length, which can be curved on partial paths or along the entire length.
  • the working stroke and return should be interchangeable.
  • the tool should be able to be guided in a position that remains the same for the forced travel, but a different carrying position should also be made possible for excavator buckets.
  • the forced path can be curved in one or the other direction over its entire length or part of its path. This enables profile work and extensive adaptation to practical tasks.
  • this working arm is suitable for moving load hooks, grabs and the like, which can be moved up and down or even horizontally with arms of the same length.
  • this working arm is ideal for precision work when excavating, leveling and profiling, when removing and applying layers, when trimming and compacting embankments, when cleaning trenches and similar work.
  • An upper arm 1 and a base link 2 are mounted on a pivot axle 3 on a carrier vehicle or its boom 4 and can be rotatably locked by a directional cylinder 14.
  • a lifting cylinder 5, which drives the upper arm 1, and a connecting rod 6 are articulated on the base link 2.
  • the latter is as long as the upper arm 1 and is arranged parallel to it and guides the parallel link 7 parallel to the base link 2.
  • the upper arm 1 and a forearm 10 are mounted on the same axis with the synchronizing device which drives the forearm 10. 1 to 3, the synchronizing device is designed as a reversing gear, the housing 33 of which is firmly connected to the parallel link 7 by means of bevel pinions 8.
  • the bevel pinions 8 are in engagement with a drive wheel 11 which is connected to the upper arm 1 and with an output wheel 12 which is fixedly connected to the lower arm 10.
  • the drive and driven wheels 11, 12 have the effect that when the upper arm 1 rotates against the reversing gear housing 33, the forearm 10 performs the same, but opposite, angular movement with respect to the reversing gear housing 33. If the upper arm 1 and forearm 10 are of the same length, the free end of the forearm 10 executes a linear movement.
  • upper arm 1 and forearm 10 lie in different planes, they can be moved from an extended position via a central position, in which they lie next to one another, in an opposite extended position, whereby the free end of the forearm 10 is long and in relation to the arm lengths executes a precisely linear working stroke.
  • the lifting cylinder 5 is articulated on the base link 2 and the upper arm 1 in such a way that it acts on the upper arm 1 at the beginning and end of the stroke with the same, but small, and in the middle position with a larger lever arm. This results in an approximately constant feed force and speed for the load hook 13 or the tool 16 over the entire positive path.
  • a tool link 15 is articulated and guided in parallel by a rod 18 of the same length, which is articulated parallel to the forearm 10 and to the parallel link 7, a tool 16 connected to the tool link 15 can be non-positively connected and with its longitudinal axis are moved in the direction of movement over a long distance.
  • the tool link 15 can be attached to all synchronous devices.
  • the synchronizing device is formed by a spur gear segment 24 attached to the connecting rod 6, which is designed as a flexible support, and a spur gear segment 25 of the same size, firmly attached to the forearm 10, which are in engagement with one another. If the connecting rod 6 and the parallel link 7 are arranged on the other side of the upper arm 1, the spur gear segments 24, 25 are correspondingly rotated.
  • a hydraulic synchronization device is shown.
  • the forearm 10 is driven by a forearm cylinder 37 which is mounted on the parallel link 7 and whose piston rod is articulated on the forearm 10.
  • the lifting cylinder 5 and the forearm cylinder 37 can be acted upon by a hydraulic pump in synchronism or can be supplied by a common pump 39 via a flow divider 38.
  • the flow divider shown consists of two hydraulic motors 40, 41, the shafts of which are connected to one another, as a result of which different cylinder pressures are compensated for.
  • Directional valves 42, 43 are installed in the inlet and outlet.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show how a larger lifting or lowering force can be achieved when lifting and lowering a drill 30, 31, 32.
  • a synchronous device with a reversing gear housing 33 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is drawn.
  • the lifting cylinder 5 is articulated, as in FIGS. 1 and 2, on the articulation eye 27 of the base link 2 and its piston rod on the articulation eye 29 of the upper arm 1, which gives great lifting force.
  • the lifting cylinder 5 is staked out for large lowering force on an additional articulation eye 26 of the upper arm 1 and its piston rod on an additional articulation eye 28 of the parallel link 7.
  • the transposition is easy to carry out because the articulation eyes 26 and 27 for the lifting cylinder 5 are in the lower end position, so that the locking pin can be pushed over.
  • the piston rod must then be retracted or extended; their articulation eyes 28, 29 are in the upper end position in cover.
  • the excavator bucket 17 or the dozer blade must also be attached in the opposite direction when changing the direction of the working stroke and the return.
  • the rod 18 (FIG. 1) or the hydraulic cylinder 20 with piston rod 21 (FIG. 11) is articulated on the articulation eye 44, that is to say at the other end of the parallel link 7, and the spoon link 19 with the bucket 17 and its drive (34, 35, 36) mounted rotated by 180 °.
  • the rod 18 (from FIG. 1) is replaced by a hydraulic cylinder 20 with an extended and extended piston rod 21 in FIG. If the latter is drawn in, the excavator opening) 17 is rotated into a supporting position.
  • Fig. 12 shows another solution in three phases.
  • the rod 18 is articulated on an adjusting lever 22 which is mounted on the parallel handlebar 7 and is adjusted by an adjusting cylinder 23. If its piston rod is retracted in the initial stroke position, the position of the spoon 17 does not initially change. During the stroke, the spoon link 19 increasingly turns into a supporting position. Both support position adjustments can be initiated or canceled at any time by reversing the hydraulic cylinder 20 or the adjusting cylinder 23.
  • the directional cylinder 14 articulated on the carrier vehicle or its boom 4 determines the direction of the forced travel by turning the base link 2.
  • the base link 2 can be mounted in the direction of the base vehicle, as shown in FIG. 3, or in the opposite direction. If the piston rod of the directional cylinder 14 (FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 9) is retracted or extended during the lifting movement, the straight tool and rotary movements of the base link 2 overlap about the articulation axis 3 and both movements result in a curved forced travel of all Tools 13, 16, 17 or 30.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Arbeitsarm für Erd- und Grundbaumaschinen zur Aufnahme und Führung von Werkzeugen, bestehend aus einem an der Maschine bzw. über einen Ausleger angelenkten Oberarm mit einem daran angelenkten Unterarm, der das Werkzeug trägt, und mit einem Antrieb, der den Oberarm und den Unterarm aus einer gestreckten über eine zusammengeklappte Lage, in der beide Arme nebeneinander liegen, in eine gegensinnig gestreckte Lage bewegt.The invention relates to a working arm for earth and foundation machines for receiving and guiding tools, consisting of an upper arm articulated on the machine or by means of a cantilever arm with a forearm articulated thereon, which carries the tool, and with a drive which Upper arm and forearm moved from a stretched over a folded position, in which both arms are next to each other, in a position stretched in opposite directions.

Gemäss DE-OS Nr. 3106268 des Anmelders ist ein Arbeitsarm dieser Art mit einem Baggerlöffel bekannt. Durch ein mehrgliedriges, am Ausleger angelenktes und mit dem Oberarm verbundenes Gestänge führt der Arbeitsarm den Baggerlöffel auf einem gekrümmten Zwangsweg zum Entleerort und auf gleichem Weg zum Grabort zurück. Dabei ist nachteilig, dass die Richtung des Zwangsweges nur durch Aufrichten oder Neigen des Auslegers veränderbar ist und dass die Krümmung des Zwangsweges durch das Gestänge bestimmt und unveränderbar ist. Auch kann mittels des Gestänges kein exakt geradliniger Weg erreicht werden. Diese Nachteile stehen einer allgemeinen Anwendung im Wege.According to the applicant's DE-OS No. 3106268, a working arm of this type with an excavator bucket is known. The work arm guides the excavator bucket through a curved, forced path to the emptying site and in the same way back to the grave site through a multi-section linkage that is articulated on the boom and connected to the upper arm. The disadvantage here is that the direction of the forced travel can only be changed by raising or tilting the boom and that the curvature of the forced travel is determined and unchangeable by the linkage. It is also not possible to achieve an exactly straight path using the linkage. These disadvantages stand in the way of general application.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den bekannten Arbeitsarm so zu verbessern, dass er neben der Führung eines Baggerlöffels auch für andere Werkzeuge anwendbar ist und einen geradlinigen Zwangsweg in wählbarer Bewegungsrichtung und Länge ermöglicht, der auch auf Teilwegen oder auf ganzer Länge krümmbar ist. Bei schnellem Rücklauf sollen Arbeitshub und Rücklauf austauschbar sein. Das Werkzeug soll in einer zum Zwangsweg gleichbleibenden Lage führbar sein, doch soll für Baggerlöffel auch eine abweichende Traglage ermöglicht werden.The invention has for its object to improve the known working arm so that it can be used in addition to guiding an excavator bucket for other tools and allows a straightforward path in a selectable direction of movement and length, which can be curved on partial paths or along the entire length. In the case of a fast return, the working stroke and return should be interchangeable. The tool should be able to be guided in a position that remains the same for the forced travel, but a different carrying position should also be made possible for excavator buckets.

DieseAufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 als Grundausstattung gelöst und durch Ausbildungen gemäss den Unteransprüchen verbessert. Die Unteransprüche 2 bis 4 kennzeichnen verschiedene Ausführungsformen der Gleichlaufeinrichtung und Anspruch 5 Mittel zur Führung der Werkzeugachse in Richtung des Zwangsweges. Für die Umkehr der Arbeitsrichtung bei schnellem Rücklauf werden Merkmale nach Anspruch 6 und zur Verbesserung der Traglage von Baggerlöffeln Merkmale nach den Ansprüchen 7 und 8 vorgeschlagen. Die Ansprüche 9 und 10 kennzeichnen Mittel zur Geradführung des Werkzeugs bei ungleicher Länge von Ober- und Unterarm.This task is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1 as basic equipment and improved by training according to the subclaims. The sub-claims 2 to 4 characterize different embodiments of the synchronizing device and claim 5 means for guiding the tool axis in the direction of the positive travel. For the reversal of the working direction with fast return, features according to claim 6 and features to improve the carrying position of excavator spoons according to claims 7 and 8 are proposed. Claims 9 and 10 characterize means for straight guidance of the tool with an unequal length of upper and lower arm.

Diese Lösung ergibt folgende Vorteile:

  • Bei gleicher Länge von Ober- und Unterarm - von Gelenk zu Gelenk - werden verschiedeartige Werkzeuge auf einem geradlinigen Zwangsweg geführt, dessen Richtung durch den Basislenker veränderbar ist und der fast doppelt so lang ist wie die Länge von Ober- und Unterarm zusammengenommen. Vortriebskraft und Geschwindigkeit bleiben bei entsprechender Anordnung des Antriebs, der vorwiegend durch einen Hubzylinder erfolgt, auf ganzer Weglänge nahezu unverändert, Der Arbeitshub kann an beiden Wegenden beliebig verkürzt werden.
This solution offers the following advantages:
  • With the same length of the upper arm and forearm - from joint to joint - various types of tools are guided along a straightforward path, the direction of which can be changed by the base link and which is almost twice as long as the length of the upper and forearm taken together. The propulsive force and speed remain almost unchanged along the entire length of the path if the drive is arranged accordingly, which is predominantly provided by a lifting cylinder. The working stroke can be shortened at both ends of the path.

Durch Überlagerung der geradlinigen Bewegungen mit einer gleichzeitigen Drehbewegung des Basislenkers kann der Zwangsweg in ganzer Länge oder auf Teilen seines Weges in einer oder der anderen Richtung gekrümmt werden. Dies ermöglicht Profilarbeiten und weitgehende Anpassung an praktische Aufgaben. In der Grundausstattung eignet sich dieser Arbeitsarm zur Bewegungvon Lasthaken, Greifern und dergleichen, die bei gleich langen Armen geradlinig auf- und ab-oder auch horizontal bewegt werden.By overlaying the straight-line movements with a simultaneous rotary movement of the base link, the forced path can be curved in one or the other direction over its entire length or part of its path. This enables profile work and extensive adaptation to practical tasks. In its basic configuration, this working arm is suitable for moving load hooks, grabs and the like, which can be moved up and down or even horizontally with arms of the same length.

Mit der Werkzeugführung in zur Richtung des Zwangsweges gleichbleibender Lage kommen Werkzeuge hinzu, die nicht nur geradlinig sondern auch mit ihrer Achse in der Bewegungsrichtung geführt werden müssen, wie Bohrer, Ramm- und Ziehwerkzeuge, Vibratoren und dergleichen. Auch bei Baggerlöffeln und Planierschilden bleibt die Lage der Grabschneide zum Erdboden auf dem Grabweg unverändert. Auf dem anschliessenden Weg zum Entleerort ist es notwendig, den Löffel durch Mittel nach Anspruch 7 oder 8 in eine Traglage zu drehen, damit das Grabgut nicht herausfällt.With the tool guide in the same position in the direction of the positive path, tools are added which must not only be guided in a straight line but also with their axis in the direction of movement, such as drills, ramming and pulling tools, vibrators and the like. The position of the digging knife on the grave path remains unchanged even with excavator spoons and dozer blades. On the subsequent route to the emptying location, it is necessary to turn the spoon into a carrying position by means of claim 7 or 8, so that the digging material does not fall out.

Durch Ändern der Anlenkung des Hubzylinders ist schneller Rücklauf in der einen oder der anderen Bewegungsrichtung erreichbar. Dadurch können Bohrer, Hämmer oder Ziehwerkzeuge wahlweise mitgrosser Hub- oder grosser Senkkraft eingesetzt werden. Baggerlöffel oder Planierschilde können wahlweise so angebaut sein, dass sie in Richtung zum Trägergerät oder von ihm weg wie Hochlöffel bzw. Ladeschaufeln graben. Böschnungen oberhalb und unterhalb des Fahrplanums können in beiden Arbeitsrichtungen abgetragen oder planiert werden.By changing the articulation of the lifting cylinder, quick return in one or the other direction of movement can be achieved. This means that drills, hammers or drawing tools can be used with either a large lifting or lowering force. Excavator buckets or dozer blades can optionally be installed in such a way that they dig in the direction of the carrier device or away from it like shovel buckets or loading shovels. Embankments above and below the timetable can be removed or leveled in both directions.

Durch den exakt eingehaltenen und wiederholbaren Zwangsweg eignet sich dieser Arbeitsarm hervorragend für Genauigkeitsarbeiten beim Baggern, Planieren und Profilieren, bei Schichtenab-und -auftrag, beim Trimmen und Verdichten von Böschungen, beim Grabenreinigen und ähnlichen Arbeiten.Due to the precisely maintained and repeatable forced travel, this working arm is ideal for precision work when excavating, leveling and profiling, when removing and applying layers, when trimming and compacting embankments, when cleaning trenches and similar work.

In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. einen Arbeitsarm in einer Lage bei Hubbeginn mit einem Lasthaken und strichpunktiert mit einem Werkzeuglenker und Bohr- oder Rammwerkzeug sowie einer Gleichlaufeinrichtung als Kegelradwendegetriebe,
  • Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht gemäss Fig. 1 mit Teilschnitt,
  • Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht gemäss Fig. 1,
  • Fig.4 eine Ausführungsform eines Arbeitsarmes bei Verwendung von Stirnradsegmenten für die Gleichlaufeinrichtung,
  • Fig. 5 eine Seitenansicht zu Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 6 eine Ausführungsform eines Arbeitsarmes mit einem Unterarmzylinder und einem Mengenteiler als Gleichlaufeinrichtung,
  • Fig. 7 eine Seitenansicht zu Fig. 6,
  • Fig. 8 einen Arbeitsarm ähnlich Fig. 1, in Hoch-und Tieflage, ausgerüstet mit zusätzlichen Anlenkaugen für den Hubzylinder zum Vertauschen der Arbeitsrichtung und mit einem Erdbohrer in der Stellung für grosse Eindringkraft,
  • Fig. 9 einen Arbeitsarm gemäss Fig. 8, umgerüstet für grosse Hubkraft,
  • Fig. 10 eine Seitenansicht zu Fig. 9,
  • Fig. 11 den Unterarm mit einem Baggerlöffel, der durch eine verkürzbare Verbindungsstange in eine Traglage drehbar ist,
  • Fig. 12 den Unterarm mit Baggerlöffel ähnlich Fig. 11 mit einer verstellbar angelenkten Verbindungstange in drei Positionen.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings. Show it:
  • 1 shows a working arm in a position at the start of the stroke with a load hook and dash-dotted lines with a tool link and drilling or ramming tool and a synchronizing device as a bevel gear reversing gear,
  • 2 is a side view of FIG. 1 with partial section,
  • 3 is a plan view according to FIG. 1,
  • 4 shows an embodiment of a working arm when using spur gear segments for the synchronizing device,
  • 5 is a side view of FIG. 4,
  • 6 shows an embodiment of a working arm with a forearm cylinder and a flow divider as a synchronizing device,
  • 7 is a side view of FIG. 6,
  • 8 shows a working arm similar to FIG. 1, in the high and low position, equipped with additional articulation eyes for the lifting cylinder for exchanging the working direction and with an earth drill in the position for great penetration force,
  • 9 shows a working arm according to FIG. 8, converted for high lifting force,
  • 10 is a side view of FIG. 9,
  • 11 the forearm with an excavator bucket which can be rotated into a supporting position by a shortenable connecting rod,
  • Fig. 12 the forearm with a bucket similar to Fig. 11 with an adjustable link in three positions.

An einem Trägerfahrzeug bzw. dessen Ausleger 4 ist ein Oberarm 1 und ein Basislenker 2 auf einer Anlenkachse 3 gelagert und durch einen Richtungszylinder 14 kraftschlüssig drehbar. Am Basislenker 2 sind ein Hubzylinder 5, der den Oberarm 1 antreibt, und eine Verbindungsstange 6 angelenkt. Letztere ist ebenso lang wie der Oberarm 1 und parallel zu ihm angeordnet und führt den Parallellenker 7 parallel zum Basislenker 2. Am Parallellenker 7 sind der Oberarm 1 und ein Unterarm 10 auf gleicher Achse mit der Gleichlaufeinrichtung gelagert, die den Unterarm 10 antreibt. Gemäss Fig. 1 bis 3 ist die Gleichlaufeinrichtung als Wendegetriebe ausgebildet, dessen Gehäuse 33 mit Kegelritzeln 8 mit dem Parallellenker 7 festverbunden ist. Die Kegelritzel 8 sind im Eingriff mit einem Antriebsrad 11, das mit dem Oberarm 1, und mit einem Abtriebsrad 12, das mit dem Unterarm 10 fest verbunden ist. Die Antriebs- und Abtriebsräder 11, 12 bewirken, dass bei Drehung des Oberarmes 1 gegen das Wendegetriebegehäuse 33 der Unterarm 10 die gleiche, aber gegensinnige Winkelbewegung gegenüber dem Wendegetriebegehäuse 33 ausführt. Sind Oberarm 1 und Unterarm 10 von gleicher Länge, so führt das freie Ende des Unterarmes 10 eine geradlinige Bewegung aus. Da Oberarm 1 und Unterarm 10 in verschiedenen Ebenen lieegen, können sie aus einer gestreckten Lage über eine Mittellage, in der sie nebeneinander liegen, in eine entgegengesetzt gestreckte Lage bewegt werden, wodurch das freie Ende des Unterarmes 10 einen im Verhältnis zu den Armlängen langen und exakt geradlinigen Arbeitshub ausführt.An upper arm 1 and a base link 2 are mounted on a pivot axle 3 on a carrier vehicle or its boom 4 and can be rotatably locked by a directional cylinder 14. A lifting cylinder 5, which drives the upper arm 1, and a connecting rod 6 are articulated on the base link 2. The latter is as long as the upper arm 1 and is arranged parallel to it and guides the parallel link 7 parallel to the base link 2. On the parallel link 7, the upper arm 1 and a forearm 10 are mounted on the same axis with the synchronizing device which drives the forearm 10. 1 to 3, the synchronizing device is designed as a reversing gear, the housing 33 of which is firmly connected to the parallel link 7 by means of bevel pinions 8. The bevel pinions 8 are in engagement with a drive wheel 11 which is connected to the upper arm 1 and with an output wheel 12 which is fixedly connected to the lower arm 10. The drive and driven wheels 11, 12 have the effect that when the upper arm 1 rotates against the reversing gear housing 33, the forearm 10 performs the same, but opposite, angular movement with respect to the reversing gear housing 33. If the upper arm 1 and forearm 10 are of the same length, the free end of the forearm 10 executes a linear movement. Since upper arm 1 and forearm 10 lie in different planes, they can be moved from an extended position via a central position, in which they lie next to one another, in an opposite extended position, whereby the free end of the forearm 10 is long and in relation to the arm lengths executes a precisely linear working stroke.

Der Hubzylinder 5 ist am Basislenker 2 und Oberarm 1 so angelenkt, dass er bei Hubbeginn und Hubende mit gleichem, aber kleinem, und in der Mittellage mit grösserem Hebelarm auf den Oberarm 1 wirkt. Daraus resuliert für den Lasthaken 13 bzw. das Werkzeug 16 eine annähernd gleichbleibende Vorschubkraft und -geschwindigkeit über den ganzen Zwangsweg.The lifting cylinder 5 is articulated on the base link 2 and the upper arm 1 in such a way that it acts on the upper arm 1 at the beginning and end of the stroke with the same, but small, and in the middle position with a larger lever arm. This results in an approximately constant feed force and speed for the load hook 13 or the tool 16 over the entire positive path.

Wird am freien Ende des Unterarmes 10, wie strichpunktiert gezeichnet, ein Werkzeuglenker 15 angelenkt und durch eine parallel zum Unterarm 10 und am Parallellenker 7 angelenkte Stange 18 gleicher Länge parallel geführt, so kann ein mit dem Werkzeuglenker 15 verbundenes Werkzeug 16 kraftschlüssig und mit seiner Längsachse in der Bewegungsrichtung über einen langen Weg bewegt werden. Dies macht den Arbeitsarm hervorragend geeignet zum Führen von Planier-, Bohr-, Ramm- und Ziehgeräten und zur Einhaltung der Schnittlage von Grabwerkzeugen. Der Werkzeuglenker 15 kann bei allen Gleichlaufeinrichtungen angebaut werden.If, at the free end of the forearm 10, as shown in dash-dotted lines, a tool link 15 is articulated and guided in parallel by a rod 18 of the same length, which is articulated parallel to the forearm 10 and to the parallel link 7, a tool 16 connected to the tool link 15 can be non-positively connected and with its longitudinal axis are moved in the direction of movement over a long distance. This makes the working arm ideally suited for guiding leveling, drilling, ramming and pulling devices and for maintaining the cutting position of digging tools. The tool link 15 can be attached to all synchronous devices.

Gemäss Fig. 4 und 5 wird die Gleichlaufeinrichtung durch ein an der als Biegegträger ausgebildeten Verbindungsstange 6 angebrachtes Stirnradsegment 24 und ein am Unterarm 10 fest angebrachtes, gleich grosses Stirnradsegment 25 gebildet, die miteinander im Eingriff sind. Sind die Verbindungsstange 6 und der Parallellenker 7 auf der anderen Seite des Oberarmes 1 angeordnet, so werden die Stirnradsegmente 24,25 entsprechend verdreht ausgebildet.4 and 5, the synchronizing device is formed by a spur gear segment 24 attached to the connecting rod 6, which is designed as a flexible support, and a spur gear segment 25 of the same size, firmly attached to the forearm 10, which are in engagement with one another. If the connecting rod 6 and the parallel link 7 are arranged on the other side of the upper arm 1, the spur gear segments 24, 25 are correspondingly rotated.

Gemäss Fig. 6 und 7 ist eine hydraulische Gleichlaufeinrichtung dargestellt. Der Unterarm 10 wird durch einen Unterarmzylinder 37 angetrieben, der am Parallellenker 7 gelagert und dessen Kolbenstange am Unterarm 10 angelenkt ist. Der Hubzylinder 5 und der Unterarmzylinder 37 können von je einer Hydraulikpumpe im Gleichlauf beaufschlagt oder von einer gemeinsamen Pumpe 39 über einen Mengenteiler 38 versorgt werden. Der gezeichnete Mengenteiler besteht aus zwei Hydromotoren 40, 41, deren Wellen miteinander verbunden sind, wodurch unterschiedliche Zylinderdrücke ausgeglichen werden. In Zu-und Ablauf sind Wegeventile 42, 43 eingebaut.6 and 7, a hydraulic synchronization device is shown. The forearm 10 is driven by a forearm cylinder 37 which is mounted on the parallel link 7 and whose piston rod is articulated on the forearm 10. The lifting cylinder 5 and the forearm cylinder 37 can be acted upon by a hydraulic pump in synchronism or can be supplied by a common pump 39 via a flow divider 38. The flow divider shown consists of two hydraulic motors 40, 41, the shafts of which are connected to one another, as a result of which different cylinder pressures are compensated for. Directional valves 42, 43 are installed in the inlet and outlet.

In Fig. 8 bis 10 ist dargestellt, wie beim Heben und Senken eines Bohrers 30, 31 , 32 eine grössere Hub- oder eine grössere Senkkraft erreicht werden kann. Als Beispiel ist eine Gleichlaufeinrichtung mit Wendegetriebegehäuse 33 nach Fig. 1 und 2 gezeichnet. In Fig. 9 und 10 ist der Hubzylinder 5 wie in Fig. 1 und 2 am Anlenkauge 27 des Basislenkers 2 und seine Kolbenstange am Anlenkauge 29 des Oberarmes 1 angelenkt, was grosse Hubkraft ergibt. In Fig. 8 ist der Hubzylinder 5 jedoch für grosse Senkkraft an einem zusätzlichen Anlenkauge 26 des Oberarmes 1 und seine Kolbenstange an einem zusätzlichen Anlenkauge 28 des Parallellenkers 7 abgesteckt. Die Umsteckung ist einfach durchzuführen, weil die Anlenkaugen 26 und 27 für den Hubzylinder 5 in der unteren Endlage in Deckung liegen, so dass der Absteckbolzen hinübergeschoben werden kann. Die Kolbenstange muss dann ein- oder ausgefahren werden; ihre Anlenkaugen 28, 29 liegen in der oberen Endlage in Deckung. Wird anstelle eines Bohrers 30 ein Baggerlöffel 17 mit Verbindungsstange 18 (nach Fig. 11 oder 12) oder ein Planierschild angebaut, so muss beim Austausch der Richtung des Arbeitshubes und des Rücklaufs auch der Baggerlöffel 17 bzw. der Planierschild in umgekehrter Richtung angebaut werden. Dazu wird die Stange 18 (Fig. 1) bzw. der Hydraulikzylinder 20 mit Kolbenstange 21 (Fig. 11) am Anlenkauge 44, also am anderen Ende des Parallellenkers 7, angelenkt und der Löffellenker 19 mit dem Löffel 17 und dessen Antrieb (34, 35, 36) um 180° gedreht montiert.8 to 10 show how a larger lifting or lowering force can be achieved when lifting and lowering a drill 30, 31, 32. As an example, a synchronous device with a reversing gear housing 33 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is drawn. 9 and 10, the lifting cylinder 5 is articulated, as in FIGS. 1 and 2, on the articulation eye 27 of the base link 2 and its piston rod on the articulation eye 29 of the upper arm 1, which gives great lifting force. In FIG. 8, however, the lifting cylinder 5 is staked out for large lowering force on an additional articulation eye 26 of the upper arm 1 and its piston rod on an additional articulation eye 28 of the parallel link 7. The transposition is easy to carry out because the articulation eyes 26 and 27 for the lifting cylinder 5 are in the lower end position, so that the locking pin can be pushed over. The piston rod must then be retracted or extended; their articulation eyes 28, 29 are in the upper end position in cover. If, instead of a drill 30, an excavator bucket 17 with connecting rod 18 (according to Fig. 11 or 12) or a dozer blade is attached, the excavator bucket 17 or the dozer blade must also be attached in the opposite direction when changing the direction of the working stroke and the return. For this purpose, the rod 18 (FIG. 1) or the hydraulic cylinder 20 with piston rod 21 (FIG. 11) is articulated on the articulation eye 44, that is to say at the other end of the parallel link 7, and the spoon link 19 with the bucket 17 and its drive (34, 35, 36) mounted rotated by 180 °.

In Fig. 11 und 12 ist nur der Unterarm 10 und der Parallelenker 7 mit dem Wendegetriebegehäuse 33 gemäss Fig. 1 in mittiger Hublage gezeichnet. Dazu ist anstelle des Werkzeuglenkers 15 ein Löffellenker 19 mit einem Baggerlöffel 17 dargestellt, der durch einen Löffelzylinder 34 über den Hebel 35 und die Stange 36 aus einer Grablage in eine Entleerlage drehbar ist.11 and 12, only the forearm 10 and the parallel link 7 with the reversing gear housing 33 according to FIG. 1 are shown in the central stroke position net. For this purpose, instead of the tool link 15, a spoon link 19 with an excavator bucket 17 is shown, which can be rotated from a grave position into an emptying position by means of a spoon cylinder 34 via the lever 35 and the rod 36.

Damit der Baggerlöffel 17 bei waagerecht verlaufendem Zwangsweg zum Entleerort kein Grabgutverliert, ist in Fig. 11 die Stange 18 (aus Fig. 1) durch einen Hydraulikzylinder 20 mit ausgezogenerund verlängerter Kolbenstange 21 ersetzt. Wird letztere eingezogen, so wird der Baggeriöffe) 17 in eine Traglage verdreht.In order that the excavator bucket 17 does not lose any digging material when the forced path to the emptying location runs horizontally, the rod 18 (from FIG. 1) is replaced by a hydraulic cylinder 20 with an extended and extended piston rod 21 in FIG. If the latter is drawn in, the excavator opening) 17 is rotated into a supporting position.

Fig. 12 zeigt eine andere Lösung in drei Phasen. Die Stange 18 ist an einem Verstellhebel 22 angelenkt, der am Paral lel lenker 7 gelagert ist und durch einen Verstellzylinder 23 verstellt wird. Wird seine Kolbenstange in der Hubanfangslage eingezogen, ändert sich die Lage des Löffels 17 zunächst nicht. Während des Hubes dreht sich der Löffellenker 19 zunehmend in eine Traglage. Beide Traglagenverstellungen können zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt durch Umsteuern des Hydraulikzylinders 20 bzw. des Verstellzylinders 23 eingeleitet oder aufgehoben werden.Fig. 12 shows another solution in three phases. The rod 18 is articulated on an adjusting lever 22 which is mounted on the parallel handlebar 7 and is adjusted by an adjusting cylinder 23. If its piston rod is retracted in the initial stroke position, the position of the spoon 17 does not initially change. During the stroke, the spoon link 19 increasingly turns into a supporting position. Both support position adjustments can be initiated or canceled at any time by reversing the hydraulic cylinder 20 or the adjusting cylinder 23.

Der am Trägerfahrzeug bzw. dessen Ausleger 4 angelenkte Richtungszylinder 14 bestimmt die Richtung des Zwangsweges durch Verdrehen des Basislenkers 2. Dabei kann der Basislenker 2 in Richtung auf das Trägerfahrzeug, wie in Fig. 3 gezeichnet, oder in Gegenrichtung angebaut sein. Wird die Kolbenstange des Richtungszylinders 14 (Fig. 1, 4, 6 und 9) während der Hubbewegung ein- oder ausgefahren, so überlagern sich die geradlinige Werkzeug- und die Drehbewegung des Basislenkers 2 um die Anlenkachse 3 und beide Bewegungen ergeben einen gekrümmten Zwangsweg aller Werkzeuge 13,16,17 oder 30.The directional cylinder 14 articulated on the carrier vehicle or its boom 4 determines the direction of the forced travel by turning the base link 2. The base link 2 can be mounted in the direction of the base vehicle, as shown in FIG. 3, or in the opposite direction. If the piston rod of the directional cylinder 14 (FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 9) is retracted or extended during the lifting movement, the straight tool and rotary movements of the base link 2 overlap about the articulation axis 3 and both movements result in a curved forced travel of all Tools 13, 16, 17 or 30.

Claims (10)

1. An operating arm to be adapted to an earth- moving or foundation machine for the guidance of a tool, comprising:
(a) an upper arm (1) pivotally connected by a pivot pin (3) either directly to the machine or via a boom (4) ;
(b) a lower arm (10) pivotally connected to the upper arm and carrying the tool;
(c) a drive which moves the upper arm and the lower arm from an extended position via a folded position, in which both arms are side by side, into an oppositely extended position;
(d) a base guide (2) which is supported on the pivot pin (3) of the upper arm (1) and revolving about said pin by means of a directive cylinder (14) supported on the boom (4);
(e) an upper arm cylinder (5) driving the upper arm (1) and a connecting rod (6) being parallel to and of the same length as the upper arm, which are both pivotally connected to the base guide (2);
(f) a parallel guide (7) which is pivotally supported on the joint (9) between said upper arm and lower arm and is guided by the connecting rod (6) parallel to said base guide, and
(g) a device for equal angular movement which is connected to the parallel guide (7) and by means of which the lower arm (10) and the upper arm (1) execute equivalent but opposite angular deflections relative to the parallel guide.
2. An operating arm according to Claim 1, wherein the device for equal angular movement is embodied as a reversal mechanism, in particular as a bevel gear reversal mechanism the casing (33) of which is located on the joint between the lower arm (10) and the upper arm (1) and which is solidly connected to the parallel guide (7) and supports bevel pinions (8) which are in engagement with a driving bevel gear (11), which is solidly connected to the upper arm (1), and with a driven bevel gear (12), which is solidly connected to the lower arm (10).
3. An operating arm according to Claim 1, wherein the device for equal angular movement consists of mutually engaging equal spur gearseg- ments (24,25) supported on the parallel guide (7) one spur gear segment (24) being solidly connected to the connecting rod (6) which is reinforced for bending stresses, and the other spur gear segment (25) being solidly connected the the lower arm (10).
4. An operating arm according to Claim 1, wherein the device for equal angular movement consists of a lower arm cylinder (37) pivotally connected to the parallel guide (7) with a piston rod pivotally connected to the lower arm (10), and of a flow divider (38), which divides the high pressure oil flow from a hydraulic pump (39) between the upper arm cylinder (5) and the lower arm cylinder (37).
5. An operating arm according to Claim 1, wherein a rod (18) is pivotally connected to the parallel guide (7) and parallel to and of the same length as the lower arm (10) and which guides a tool guide (15) parallel to the parallel guide for attaching tools (16).
6. An operating arm according to Claim 1, wherein an additional pivot bearing (26) is located on the upper arm (1), which pivot bearing (26) is at one end of the stroke in alignment with the pivot bearing (27) on the base guide (2) and wherein an additional pivot bearing (28) is on the parallel guide (7) which is in alignment at the other end of the stroke with the pivot bearing (29) for the piston rod of the upper arm cylinder (5) and wherein for high lifting force, the upper arm cylinder (5) is fastened to the base guide (2) and its piston rod to the pivot bearing (29) of the upper arm (1) and wherein for high sinking force, the upper arm cylinder (5) is fastened to the pivot bearing (26) of the upper arm (1) and its piston rod to the pivot bearing (28) of the parallel guide (7).
7. An operating arm according to Claim 5, wherein the rod (18) can be shortened by being embodied as a hydraulic cylinder (20) with extended piston rod (21) and is shortened by withdrawal of the piston rod and thus rotates the bucket guide (19).
8. An operating arm according to Claim 2, wherein the rod (18) is pivotally connected with an adjusting lever (22) which is pivotally connected with the parallel guide (7), and adjustable by an adjusting cylinder (23).
9. An operating arm according to Claim 3, wherein the lengths of upper and lower arms (1, 10) are unequal and the flow divider (38) consists of a fixed motor (40) and a variable motor (41) and allocates varying oil flow to the lower arm cylinder (37) being different from the flow to the upper arm cylinder (5) along the forced path.
10. An operating arm according to Claim 1, with somewhat unequal lengths wherein the device for equal angular movement of the upper and lower arms (1,10) is arranged with somewhat unequal angular deflections of the arms (1, 10) relative to the parallel guide (7) for an approximately straight-line forced path.
EP83101851A 1983-02-25 1983-02-25 Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines Expired EP0117261B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8383101851T DE3360544D1 (en) 1983-02-25 1983-02-25 Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines
EP83101851A EP0117261B1 (en) 1983-02-25 1983-02-25 Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines
US06/483,320 US4709588A (en) 1983-02-25 1983-04-08 Operating arm for an earth-moving and foundation machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83101851A EP0117261B1 (en) 1983-02-25 1983-02-25 Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0117261A1 EP0117261A1 (en) 1984-09-05
EP0117261B1 true EP0117261B1 (en) 1985-08-14

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ID=8190314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83101851A Expired EP0117261B1 (en) 1983-02-25 1983-02-25 Operating arm for earth-moving and foundation machines

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US4709588A (en)
EP (1) EP0117261B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3360544D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE8902831D0 (en) * 1989-08-25 1989-08-25 Siemens Elema Ab VIKTUTJAEMNINGSANORDNING
US5201235A (en) * 1992-04-20 1993-04-13 Caterpillar Inc. Linkage for loader bucket or other material handling device
US5630498A (en) * 1995-05-10 1997-05-20 Luigino's, Inc. Food positioning apparatus
US11415201B2 (en) * 2019-05-31 2022-08-16 Apple Inc. Display lift arm

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1069974B (en) *
US521256A (en) * 1894-06-12 Dental chair
US717121A (en) * 1901-05-27 1902-12-30 White S Dental Mfg Co Adjustable wall-bracket.
US2656058A (en) * 1948-04-10 1953-10-20 Elmer W Baumann Truck loading and unloading mechanism
US2900830A (en) * 1956-12-18 1959-08-25 Evg Entwicklung Verwert Ges Linkage for describing a straight line
US3094228A (en) * 1960-04-01 1963-06-18 Harold B Peterson Folding and swinging hydraulic boom
GB1053809A (en) * 1963-05-02
FR2256290A1 (en) * 1974-04-23 1975-07-25 Poclain Sa Hydraulic excavator with three buckets - has bucket balance beams mounted on a rotating hub
US4234150A (en) * 1979-02-02 1980-11-18 Spar Aerospace Limited Mechanical arm assembly
DE3106268A1 (en) * 1981-02-20 1982-09-09 Cordes, Hugo, Dipl.-Ing., 2000 Hamburg Quick-loading excavator device
DE3140568A1 (en) * 1981-10-13 1983-04-21 Cordes, Hugo, Dipl.-Ing., 2000 Hamburg Device for hydraulic dredgers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3360544D1 (en) 1985-09-19
EP0117261A1 (en) 1984-09-05
US4709588A (en) 1987-12-01

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