EP0127470A2 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von beständigen rutschfesten Fahrbahndeckschichten - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von beständigen rutschfesten Fahrbahndeckschichten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127470A2
EP0127470A2 EP84303565A EP84303565A EP0127470A2 EP 0127470 A2 EP0127470 A2 EP 0127470A2 EP 84303565 A EP84303565 A EP 84303565A EP 84303565 A EP84303565 A EP 84303565A EP 0127470 A2 EP0127470 A2 EP 0127470A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chippings
layer
bitumen
binder
sand
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EP84303565A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0127470A3 (de
Inventor
George Kalos
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0127470A2 publication Critical patent/EP0127470A2/de
Publication of EP0127470A3 publication Critical patent/EP0127470A3/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/35—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them
    • E01C7/353—Toppings or surface dressings; Methods of mixing, impregnating, or spreading them with exclusively bituminous binders; Aggregate, fillers or other additives for application on or in the surface of toppings with exclusively bituminous binders, e.g. for roughening or clearing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for applying a durable skid-resistant surface layer to a) existing roads and b) new roads under construction.
  • Skidding represents a major hazard on roads. It is not only a problem in wet weather but can also occur during dry conditions. Particularly in countries which experience long periods of hot dry weather, oil and dust may settle on the road surface and have a polishing effect which results in an extremely slippery surface. Road surfaces must have a rough texture in order to reduce this problem. Also, in wet weather, a rough texture on a road surface decreases the possibility of vehicles skidding due to surface water by an effect called "aquaplaning". These considerations are obviously particularly important on roads carrying high speed traffic.
  • a road can be made more skid-resistant by fixing,on the surface thereof, a layer of chippings which have a high resistance to the aforementioned polishing effect.
  • a technique known as "surface dressing” may be employed. According to this method, a bituminous binder film is sprayed onto the existing surface, a layer of stone chippings is spread over the binder and a roller is then used to embed the chippings sufficiently in the binder. This used to be a relatively cheap and effective method of applying a skid-resistant surface.
  • a skid-resistant surface layer composed of chippings together with a small amount of sand is applied in a single operation and then rolled with a heavy roller to form an open asphaltic course.
  • a major disadvantage of this method is that the initially random orientation of the chippings is destroyed by the heavy roller which tends to turn the chippings over so as to leave their flat surfaces uppermost.
  • the chippings are most effective in providing skid-resistance properties when an edge or peak is uppermost.
  • An alternative method involves the application of a dense asphaltic layer (sometimes known as bituminous concrete). This is a mixture composed of more than 50% of sand and less than 45% of chippings - the remainder being bitumen. If left without further treatment, the composition forms upon rolling a layer in which about 90% of the surface comprises sand and bitumen and which is smooth. For this reason,in order to provide the necessary surface texture high quality chippings, precoated with bitumen, are spread on the surface of the still warm and soft asphalt and are embedded therein by means of a heavy roller. This is widely used in the United Kingdom where it is known as rolled asphalt with embedded chippings. It will be appreciated that this method has the same disadvantage as that described in the preceding paragraph, i.e. the random orientation of the chippings is destroyed by the use of the heavy roller.
  • a method for applying a durable skid-resistant surface layer to an existing road which comprises the steps of:-
  • a method for applying a durable skid-resistant surface layer during the construction of a new road which comprises the steps of:-
  • a new surface is to be applied to an existing road ( Figures 1 to 6).
  • the existing surface (1) is cleaned as far as possible and a layer of a binder(2) is applied, typically by spraying.
  • the binder is preferably warm cut-back bitumen (i.e. a solution of bitumen in an organic solvent) or emulsified cut-back bitumen.
  • tar may be used as the binder.
  • an adhesion agent containing dipolar molecules is added to the binder. Suitable agents are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.
  • a layer of chippings (3) is then immediately spread over the binder ( Figure 1).
  • the chippings typically have a diameter of from 5 to 30mm, although this is not critical. They may comprise, for example, crushed natural stones or industrial waste, such as metallurgical slags, waste products from the porcelain and refractory brick industries or possibly artificially produced stony materials resulting from the calcining or coagulation of inorganic materials such as bauxite, clays and sands bonded with cementaceous material. Chippings having a nominal size of 19 mm (as defined by British Standard BS 1984) are particularly suitable for use in skid-resistant road surfaces.
  • the chippings should be precoated with bitumen if it is desired to keep the road open to traffic while the re-surfacing work is being carried out; otherwise, the chippings may be used uncoated.
  • the surface is then rolled by a lightweight non-vibrating roller (4) as shown in Figure 2.
  • further chippings may be applied if the road surface is required to possess special additional properties.
  • the use of chippings having a high "polished stone value" will produce an increased resistance to the aforementioned polishing effect, while the presence of lightly coloured chippings will increase the luminosity of the eventual road surface.
  • bituminous binder ( Figure 3).
  • This is usually preferably in the form of a cationic emulsion, the charges serving to keep the particles of bitumen in suspension.
  • an anionic emulsion may be preferred. Cationic emulsions will coagulate and can be applied in any weather conditions. However, if a period of dry weather can be guaranteed then an anionic emulsion may be applied. Such emulsions do not coagulate, the water therein simply being allowed to evaporate - hence the requirement for dry conditions. Anionic emulsions have the advantage that they can be easily prepared on site, while preformed cationic emulsions may have to be transported some distance.
  • the emulsion may be diluted with water if chippings of a small size are to be coated by the spray.
  • bituminised sand (6) is then spread, either manually or more preferably by mechanical spreaders, over the surface such that the voids between the chippings are filled and their tops completely covered, preferably to a depth of from 1 to 3 mm.
  • the bituminised sand comprises a mixture of sand and filler treated with bitumen.
  • the sand may consist of crushed sand produced from rocks containing minerals of a hardness over 5 MOHS and contain filler, preferably in a proportion between 15 and 30%, or of a mixture of natural or crushed sand with pulverised fuel ash and bottom ash (from furnaces) or volcanic ashes, or of granulated slag with the above-mentioned fillers.
  • the mixture is treated with bitumen,preferably in an amount of from 2 to 3% by weight of bitumen. This treatment may be carried out either in an asphalt mixing plant or in a suitable mixer with cut-back bitumen.
  • the structure is then compressed with a vibrating roller (7) as shown in Figure 4.
  • the intensity of vibration of the roller is chosen to be appropriate to produce the desired crushing strength in the chippings.
  • the more exacting the traffic conditions for example, the weight and volume of the traffic, the presence of steep hills and sharp bends) the higher is the required crushing strength in the chippings and so the more intense will be the vibration applied.
  • the method of the present invention may also be used to apply a durable skid-resistant surface layer during the construction of a new road.
  • a layer of chippings precoated with binder of the type described above is spread over the still warm asphaltic course of the road structure.
  • the chippings are usually spread after an initial light rolling of the asphaltic course, although if the asphaltic layer is relatively thin this may be omitted.
  • the chippings are of the same material as described above, but must in this case be precoated.
  • the layer of chippings is then lightly rolled without vibration, preferably using a rubber- tyred roller.
  • a layer of bitum i nised sand, of the oomposit ⁇ ion and quantity described above, is next spread over the surface. This is then compressed with either a vibrating lightweight roller or a non-vibrating heavy roller.
  • a "lightweight roller” as referred to herein is one of less than about 5 tons in weight, whilst the term “heavy weight roller”, as used herein, refers to a roller weighing at least about 8 tons.
  • the road is then opened to traffic and the crust of compressed bituminised sand is worn away,as described above, to reveal the skid-resistant surface layer.
  • the methods of the present invention possess a number of advantages over the previously known methods.
  • the mortar is saturated with sand and so is unable to adsorb the dust and fine sand which settles on the road surface during the summer and which would otherwise cause the problem of "fatting up" described previously.
  • An additional problem encountered when using a traditional method to re-surface an existing road is the difficulty in making the new surface adhere to the existing surface. Undulations frequently appear in the new surface as a result of it sliding.
  • An extremely unusual feature of the present method is the use of a vibrating roller so as to create very high local compression stresses at the points of contact of the chippings with the existing road surface (known as "the pavement”). If the aggregate of this pavement is of a stone weaker than that of the chippings, small cavities will be formed in the surface of the pavement. The "stone flour", produced by the crushed aggregate at the point of contact, collects in these cavities.
  • a major advantage of the present method is that the chippings cannot rotate during the final rolling stage.
  • a serious disadvantage with conventional procedures is that the initially random orientation of the chippings is destroyed by the use of a heavy roller. The chippings tend to be turned over so that a flat face is uppermost and their effectiveness in providing skid-resistance is reduced.
  • the bituminised sand fills the voids between the chippings and thereby prevents them from rotating during the rolling operation. Accordingly, a much larger proportion of the chippings remain orientated with an upward pointing edge.or peak and the resulting surface layer has markedly increased skid-resistance properties.
EP84303565A 1983-05-27 1984-05-25 Verfahren zur Herstellung von beständigen rutschfesten Fahrbahndeckschichten Withdrawn EP0127470A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR71488A GR71832B (de) 1983-05-27 1983-05-27
GR71488 1983-05-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0127470A2 true EP0127470A2 (de) 1984-12-05
EP0127470A3 EP0127470A3 (de) 1986-03-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP84303565A Withdrawn EP0127470A3 (de) 1983-05-27 1984-05-25 Verfahren zur Herstellung von beständigen rutschfesten Fahrbahndeckschichten

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EP (1) EP0127470A3 (de)
GR (1) GR71832B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990010751A1 (en) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Wendell Reed Method and composition for chip sealing a roadway
WO1996017130A1 (en) * 1994-11-28 1996-06-06 Vejtek International A/S A method of providing a road surface with an overlay
CN111519490A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-11 山东省高速路桥养护有限公司 一种精细抗滑封层的施工方法
CN112523025A (zh) * 2020-11-02 2021-03-19 广东冠粤路桥有限公司 一种提高sma路面初始抗滑性能的洒砂工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB484414A (de) * 1900-01-01
US1975028A (en) * 1933-04-18 1934-09-25 Edwin C Wallace Method of providing roadways with a nonskid surface and product thereof
US2134357A (en) * 1938-10-25 High tractive resistance bituminous
DE2834542A1 (de) * 1978-08-07 1980-02-14 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Verfahren zur herstellung einer bituminoesen fahrbahndecke

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB484414A (de) * 1900-01-01
US2134357A (en) * 1938-10-25 High tractive resistance bituminous
US1975028A (en) * 1933-04-18 1934-09-25 Edwin C Wallace Method of providing roadways with a nonskid surface and product thereof
DE2834542A1 (de) * 1978-08-07 1980-02-14 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Verfahren zur herstellung einer bituminoesen fahrbahndecke

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BITUMEN, vol. 37, no. 4, 1975, pages 128-129, Hamburg, DE; P.J. FLUSS et al.: "Anwendung von Bitumenemulsionen in den USA" *
BITUMEN, vol. 45, no. 1, 1983, pages 24-29, Hamburg, DE; MICHALSKI, HOVE: "Oberfl{chenbehandlungen mit dimensionierter Bindemittelquerverteilung" *
BOUWK. WEGEN EN WATERBOUW, vol. 34, no. 8, August 1979, page 538, Rijswijk, NL; "Steenslag bij wegwerkzaamheden" *
WEGEN, vol. 46, no. 7, July 1972, pages 201-202, Boskoop, NL; "Smallegange brengt "hot chip process" naar ons land" *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990010751A1 (en) * 1989-03-10 1990-09-20 Wendell Reed Method and composition for chip sealing a roadway
WO1996017130A1 (en) * 1994-11-28 1996-06-06 Vejtek International A/S A method of providing a road surface with an overlay
CN111519490A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-11 山东省高速路桥养护有限公司 一种精细抗滑封层的施工方法
CN112523025A (zh) * 2020-11-02 2021-03-19 广东冠粤路桥有限公司 一种提高sma路面初始抗滑性能的洒砂工艺

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EP0127470A3 (de) 1986-03-19
GR71832B (de) 1983-06-29

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