EP0126700B1 - Unterkathodisches Schutzblech mit verformbaren Teilen für Elektrolyseöfen des Typs "Hall-Héroult" - Google Patents

Unterkathodisches Schutzblech mit verformbaren Teilen für Elektrolyseöfen des Typs "Hall-Héroult" Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126700B1
EP0126700B1 EP84420085A EP84420085A EP0126700B1 EP 0126700 B1 EP0126700 B1 EP 0126700B1 EP 84420085 A EP84420085 A EP 84420085A EP 84420085 A EP84420085 A EP 84420085A EP 0126700 B1 EP0126700 B1 EP 0126700B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
screen
thick part
steel
blocks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84420085A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0126700A1 (de
Inventor
Yves Bertaud
Michel Leroy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto France SAS
Original Assignee
Aluminium Pechiney SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aluminium Pechiney SA filed Critical Aluminium Pechiney SA
Publication of EP0126700A1 publication Critical patent/EP0126700A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0126700B1 publication Critical patent/EP0126700B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the construction of electrolytic cells for the production of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process. It relates more particularly to a screen intended to prevent the infiltration of the constituents of the electrolyte in the sub-space. cathodic.
  • the tanks for the production of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process consist universally of a metal box whose bottom is lined with refractory and insulating material, which supports the carbonaceous blocks forming the cathode on which the liquid aluminum is deposited.
  • the seal between the cathode blocks and between the cathode blocks and the walls of the box is generally ensured by a carbonaceous paste based on pitch and coke or anthracite.
  • cryolite - From the first heating, it can form, through the play of differential expansions, cracks through which the molten electrolyte - consisting essentially of cryolite - begins to infiltrate. This infiltration of cryolite tends to degrade the insulating properties of the underlying refractory material.
  • Liquid aluminum can also infiltrate through the same routes, and therefore attack the insulating refractories located between the carbon cathode and the metal box. In fact, these refractories generally comprise silica or silicates reducible by liquid aluminum.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the object of the invention is an electrolytic cell comprising at least one metallic steel screen, placed under the base of the carbon blocks constituting the cathode of the electrolytic cell, and extending at least over the entire space located directly above the cathode, characterized in that said screen consists of at least one continuous sheet of steel, at least half of the surface of which consists of a thick part having at least 5 mm, and preferably , 8 to 12 mm thick, and which comprises at least one deformable zone constituted by a steel sheet of thickness less than the thickness of the thick part, arranged at the periphery of said thick part and, s' extending in the zone situated substantially outside the vertical alignment of the cathode blocks, connected to the thick part by a continuous weld, and having at room temperature an elongation before rupture greater than 2%.
  • the screen may include, in the zone located directly above the cathode blocks, a deformable zone constituted by at least one open or preferably closed profile with a wall thickness less than - and preferably equal to approximately half of - l thickness of the thick part of the screen.
  • the tank may also include a complementary screen made up of a plurality of steel sheets of individual thickness less than 5 mm, in superimposed relationship, and disposed between the base of the carbonaceous blocks and the thick part of the screen, on the plumb with the cathode.
  • the tank can also be provided with a complementary screen formed by a steel soleplate connected to each cathode bar by a weld, and in electrical contact with at least 50% of the surface of the lower base of the corresponding carbon block.
  • FIG. 1 to 4 illustrate the implementation of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents the zone located directly above the cathode blocks, in which the screen is provided with profiles absorbing the stresses of expansion, and in which a complementary screen appears consisting of the superposition of thin sheets.
  • FIG. 2 shows the detail of the profiles.
  • FIG. 3 represents in diagrammatic section an electrolytic cell according to the invention, on which appears the deformable zone constituted by a thin sheet welded to the periphery of the screen in thick sheet.
  • FIG. 4 represents an additional screen device, welded to the base of the cathode bars.
  • the cathode of the electrolytic cell consists of carbon blocks (1), assembled by seals (2) made of carbon paste.
  • the steel cathode bar (3) is sealed with cast iron in a housing (4), at the base of the carbon block (1).
  • the screen (6) made of sheet steel with a thickness at least equal to 5 mm, (and preferably between 8 and 12 mm), is constituted by a certain number of sections (6A, 6B) connected via a hollow profile such as a steel tube (7) on which they are welded by a continuous watertight bead (8).
  • the thickness of the walls of the tube (7) is less than the thickness of the sheet metal - screen (6) so that the tubes constitute a deformation zone which absorbs the expansions of the screen: it can for example be equal to half (3 mm for a 6 mm screen sheet).
  • the screen rests on the lining (9) at the bottom of the box.
  • the element absorbing the expansions can be a square tube (11) whose wall thickness is also about half the thickness of the screen, or an open profile such as a half square tube (12), which offers more flexibility, but can be a point of weakness due to the thickness reduced, and the resulting risk of faster breakthrough.
  • the arrangement (13) of FIG. 2B is also very favorable from the point of view of flexibility, but has the same drawback.
  • Figure 3 shows, very schematically, an electrolysis tank in cross section, with the metal box (14), the side lining (15) in carbonaceous paste, the cathode blocks (1) in which are sealed the cathode bars (3 ) in steel, the liquid aluminum sheet (16), the electrolyte (17), the anode system (18), the installation bed (9) of the screen (19) and the heat-insulating brickwork at the bottom of the box .
  • the screen (19) consists of a thick steel sheet (with a thickness greater than 5 nm and preferably between 8 and 12 mm) throughout the part where the thermal gradient is low, that is to say - say substantially in line with the cathode blocks (1).
  • the temperature of the different parts of the screen is indicated in the lower part of Figure 3.
  • the peripheral zone of the screen where there is a significant thermal gradient (800 to 500 ° C.), it has been extended by a peripheral part made of thin sheet metal (21), for example 2 to 5 mm, therefore draining a flow of heat. reduced and more easily deformable, especially in traction.
  • the thin sheet is connected to the thick part by a sealed continuous weld (22).
  • this thin sheet will present at room temperature a limit of elongation at break greater than 2%.
  • the thick part of the screen represents more than 50% of the total surface of the cathode blocks.
  • the thinned, deformable peripheral part is situated substantially outside the vertical line of the cathode, that is to say in the region with a high thermal gradient.
  • the screen can either be placed directly on the thermal insulating brickwork (20), or on an intermediate laying bed (9), and it can be separated from the cathode blocks by the laying bed powdery (5).
  • Another means of improving the efficiency and the lifespan of the screen consists in simultaneously using the device which is the subject of our French patent 2,546,184 which consists of a thick sheet steel plate (23) connected to each cathode bar (3) by welding and in electrical contact with at least 50% of the surface of the base of the carbonaceous block (1) either directly or by means of a bonding layer (24), elastic and conductive of the common for example graphite or carbon felt.
  • the implementation of the invention makes it possible to significantly increase the life of the electrolytic cells, and to maintain until the end, the heat losses as low as possible.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Elektrolysewanne zur Aluminiumerzeugung nach dem Hall-Héroult-Verfahren, deren Kathode aus Kohlenstoffblöcken gebildet ist, in denen die Kathodenstangen eingelassen sind, welche Wanne einen Stahlschirm aufweist, der unter den Kathodenblöcken angeordnet ist und sich wenigstens unter dem ganzen senkrecht unter der Kathode liegenden Raum erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schirm aus wenigstens einem durchgehenden Stahlblech besteht, von dem wenigstens die Hälfte der Oberfläche aus einem dicken Teil (6) mit einer Dicke von wenigstens 5 mm und vorzugsweise 8 bis 12 mm besteht und das wenigstens eine verformbare, aus einem Stahlblech (21) geringerer Dicke als der Dicke des dicken Teils gebildete Zone aufweist, die am Umfang des dicken Teils angeordnet ist, sich in der im wesentlichen außerhalb der senkrechten Projektion der Kathodenblöcke (1) liegenden Zone erstreckt, mit dem dicken Teil durch eine durchgehende Schweißung (22) verbunden ist und bei der Umgebungstemperatur eine Dehnung vor Bruch über 2 % aufweist.
2. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schirm in der unter den Kathodenblöcken liegenden Zone eine verformbare Zone aufweist, die durch wenigstens ein offenes (12) oder vorzugsweise geschlossenes Profil (11) einer etwa der Hälfte der Dicke des dicken Teils (6) gleichen Wanddicke gebildet ist.
3. Elektrolysewanne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen ergänzenden Schirm (10) aufweist, der aus einer Mehrzahl übereinanderliegender Stahlbleche einer Einzeldicke unter 5 mm gebildet und zwischen der Basis der Kohlenstoffblöcke (1) und dem dicken Teil (6) des Schirms senkrecht unter der Kathode angeordnet ist.
4. Elektrolysewanne nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem einen ergänzenden Schirm aufweist, der durch eine Stahlunterlage (23) gebildet ist, die mit jeder Kathodenstange (3) durch eine Schweißung verbunden und im elektrischen Kontakt mit wenigstens 50 der Oberfläche der Unterseite des entsprechenden Kohlenstoffblocks (1) ist.
EP84420085A 1983-05-16 1984-05-14 Unterkathodisches Schutzblech mit verformbaren Teilen für Elektrolyseöfen des Typs "Hall-Héroult" Expired EP0126700B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8308333A FR2546183B1 (fr) 1983-05-16 1983-05-16 Ecran sous-cathodique comportant des zones deformables, pour les cuves d'electrolyse hall-heroult
FR8308333 1983-05-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126700A1 EP0126700A1 (de) 1984-11-28
EP0126700B1 true EP0126700B1 (de) 1987-03-18

Family

ID=9289004

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EP84420085A Expired EP0126700B1 (de) 1983-05-16 1984-05-14 Unterkathodisches Schutzblech mit verformbaren Teilen für Elektrolyseöfen des Typs "Hall-Héroult"

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US4488955A (de)
EP (1) EP0126700B1 (de)
AU (1) AU558957B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1228834A (de)
DE (1) DE3462702D1 (de)
ES (1) ES288257Y (de)
FR (1) FR2546183B1 (de)
GR (1) GR81945B (de)
IN (1) IN161908B (de)
IS (1) IS1280B6 (de)
NO (1) NO841929L (de)
NZ (1) NZ208146A (de)
SU (1) SU1287757A3 (de)
YU (1) YU83884A (de)
ZA (1) ZA843646B (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2560613B2 (fr) * 1983-05-16 1987-03-27 Pechiney Aluminium Perfectionnement aux barres cathodiques comportant une semelle metallique, pour cuves d'electrolyse hall-heroult
US4556468A (en) * 1984-09-26 1985-12-03 Aluminum Company Of America Electrolytic cell
GB8520453D0 (en) * 1985-08-15 1985-09-18 Alcan Int Ltd Aluminium reduction cells
DE3538016A1 (de) * 1985-10-25 1987-05-07 Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag Kathodenboden fuer aluminium-elektrolysezellen
US5976333A (en) * 1998-01-06 1999-11-02 Pate; Ray H. Collector bar
DE102009024881A1 (de) * 2009-06-09 2010-12-16 Sgl Carbon Se Kathodenboden, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kathodenbodens und Verwendung desselben in einer Elektrolysezelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2388901A1 (fr) * 1977-04-25 1978-11-24 Union Carbide Corp Garnissage du fond de la coque exterieure en acier d'une cuve de reduction electrolytique de minerai

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1102097A (fr) * 1954-03-29 1955-10-17 Bouchayer & Viallet Ets Perfectionnements aux caissons utilisés en électro-métallurgie
US3494851A (en) * 1967-05-17 1970-02-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Electrolytic cells
CH643602A5 (de) * 1979-10-17 1984-06-15 Alusuisse Elektrolysewanne.
CH653711A5 (de) * 1981-04-22 1986-01-15 Alusuisse Elektrolysewanne.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2388901A1 (fr) * 1977-04-25 1978-11-24 Union Carbide Corp Garnissage du fond de la coque exterieure en acier d'une cuve de reduction electrolytique de minerai

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3462702D1 (en) 1987-04-23
NO841929L (no) 1984-11-19
ES288257U (es) 1985-12-16
GR81945B (de) 1984-12-12
ZA843646B (en) 1985-07-31
ES288257Y (es) 1986-07-16
US4488955A (en) 1984-12-18
AU2801984A (en) 1984-11-22
YU83884A (en) 1988-04-30
SU1287757A3 (ru) 1987-01-30
IS2912A7 (is) 1984-11-17
FR2546183B1 (fr) 1985-07-05
IS1280B6 (is) 1987-07-07
CA1228834A (fr) 1987-11-03
EP0126700A1 (de) 1984-11-28
NZ208146A (en) 1987-04-30
FR2546183A1 (fr) 1984-11-23
IN161908B (de) 1988-02-20
AU558957B2 (en) 1987-02-12

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