EP0125319A1 - Multipurpose wall construction having several sides and a distinct three-dimensional configuration - Google Patents

Abstract

Base modules N-S-A, prefabricated from concrete, steel, synthetic fibres or other materials, with facing faces finished and generally bevelled, and notches (1) or grooves (2) on other faces, are placed, dry or otherwise, in superposed layers, with mutual juxtaposition so as to form the walls (3) (4) (5) with independent functions of a single construction or of a single wall. To ensure their vertical guiding, their spacing and their flexible connection, use is made of special interacting sliding pieces (C1) (C2) (C5) (D1) (E3) made from steel, synthetic fibres, polyester or polystyrene. To increase the technical, mechanical and comfort performance levels of the walls thus produced on the actual construction site, filling or injection products (6) are combined therewith and introduced continuously into the space between the walls, creating thermal or phonic or acoustic installation between walls or between premises in a single building. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to materials for the simplified construction of various works or buildings. They are defined in basic modules and in special participating and sliding parts. Their design is such that, by their combination, dry or not, pre-assembly or on the construction site themselves, they lead to the correct and rapid elevation of various works or walls finished by multi-walls to variable structures and functions. Their association with filling or injection materials or materials, introduced continuously between the walls of the same wall, makes it possible to obtain interesting physical, mechanical, aesthetic and economic performances.

Several methods of masonry construction exist:

1. Traditional realization with laying in cement mortar or adhesive mortar.

• - perte de rendement - soins particuliers de protection
• - salissures - risques d'efflorescence et d'hydratation des mortiers
• - suppression difficiles des ponts thermiques
• - application coûteuse et additionnelle de revêtements protecteurs ou de confort.
• - fissuration

In addition to the need for a large skilled workforce, its realization can generate drawbacks of several orders, especially in periods of bad weather or hot weather:

• - loss of performance - special protective care
• - soiling - risk of efflorescence and hydration of mortars
• - difficult removal of thermal bridges
• - costly and additional application of protective or comfort coatings.
• - cracking

2. By the use of blocks with walls connected by sheets incised during manufacturing

The installation being carried out using mortar, the risks are practically identical to those of traditional masonry. This method differs from the first in the appearance of individual finishing of the blocks or the possible incorporation of the insulation. The very nature of this set makes installation delicate and difficult to effectively, in fact, the multiplicity of masonry joints and discontinuous insulating sheets create a significant handicap. In addition, the precautions required for their handling increase the disadvantages.

3. With the use of interlocking blocks, perforated right through for filling in general with concrete.

The walls constructed in this way lead to the production of heavy monolithic panels which are generally unfinished. They therefore require the contribution in subsequent separate phases, of interior and exterior coatings. These are therefore subject to all the requirements of traditional masonry. The apparent simplicity of the start of construction is then canceled by the succession of various operations, some of which may require, as for concreting, the use of heavy equipment not always available. This can cause a disturbance in the program of realization especially for small individual buildings.

In its general application, the invention is the result of the addition and the conjunction of several factors or data which are specific to it and of a nature to remedy the deficiencies described above.

• - industrialization with great workability and adaptability favoring the design while respecting the aspirations or traditions of each.
• - original combination of the elements leading to a simplification of installation making it accessible to poorly trained personnel.
• - use and development of all the physical and mechanical qualities of filling or injection materials by continuous, simultaneous or deferred integration as appropriate, such as polyurethane foams or others.
• - relative and directed independence of the constituent walls of the same wall by flexible or progressive connection giving an anti-vibration character to the works thus constructed.
• - multiplicity of individual functions of the walls, dry or not, according to needs or desires, bringing without any trouble in the process the lift, the instantaneous apparent aesthetic finish, the thermal or acoustic or phonic comfort from facing to facing.
• - possibility of integrating load-bearing structures or not by internal construction without formwork or introduction of assembled prefabricated skeletons or covering of existing skeletons.

The progress, even partial, of the process of setting up the basic modules and of a selection of the special sliding participating parts is enough to demonstrate the feasibility of the process.

The examples of application on sheets have been deliberately limited to the use of modules made of decorative concrete, these could be replaced by products made of steel, synthetic fibers or other materials.

• Spéciaux - S1 et S2 - planches 12-13
• Angles - A1 à A20 - planches 12-13-15-17-18-22 23-25-26-28-29 Ils sont le plus souvent à faces rectangulaires ou trapézoidales dont certaines présentent des encoches ou coulisses et généralement des chanfreins. Les encoches ou coulisses sont destinées à recevoir, au moment de la pose et selon le cas, les pièces spéciales participantes. Les chanfreins se situent sur l'arrête supérieure et les arrêtes verticales des faces en parement afin qu'après pose à sec éventuelle, soit figuré l'aspect traditionnel d'une maçonnerie.

The basic modules are manufactured in dimensions, shapes and sections according to the needs for thickness, resistance or even according to the functions sought. They are said: Normal - N1 to N4 - boards 1-2-3-4

• Specials - S1 and S2 - boards 12-13
• Angles - A1 to A20 - boards 12-13-15-17-18-22 23-25-26-28-29 They are most often rectangular or trapezoidal faces, some of which have notches or slides and generally chamfers. The notches or slides are intended to receive, at the time of installation and as the case may be, the participating special parts. The chamfers are located on the upper edge and the vertical edges of the facing faces so that after possible dry laying, the traditional appearance of masonry is represented.

The appearance of the facing faces can be smooth, striated, grainy, cleaved, grooved, cleaved piping, which eliminates subsequent coatings. Their internal texture can be open, closed, tight, dense, very dense or even pigmented in the mass so as to obtain a wide variety of tones.

• dés D1 - planche 6
• cavaliers C2 - C3 - C4 - C5 - planches 6-7-8-9
• entretoises E1 à E5 - planche 10

The participating special pieces are of various shapes and materials, steel, vegetable fibers, polystyrene, polyurethane, etc. They are distinguished in clips C1 - plate 5

• D1 Dice - Plate 6
• jumpers C2 - C3 - C4 - C5 - boards 6-7-8-9
• spacers E1 to E5 - plate 10

• Les clips Cl : facilitent la réparation par clipsage des modules, de parties de murs endommagées ou à rénover. Ils assurent également l'assistance des autres éléments dans des cas ponctuels, comme par exemple pour la mise en place des modules du dernier rang supérieur d'un mur sous toiture - planche 36.

Their functions are:

• Cl clips: facilitate repair by clipping modules, parts of walls damaged or to be renovated. They also provide assistance to other elements in specific cases, such as for example for the placement of modules of the last upper row of a wall under roof - board 36.

Dl dice: guiding and holding the basic elements in simple walls ensuring the connection and spacing between walls and possible coating - board 31.

The jumpers C2 to C5: guidance, sliding support with variable adjustment with spacing of the multi-walls of the same wall, whether built simultaneously or not. This device also allows the inclusion of frameworks or skeleton cladding - plate 35.

Spacers E1 to E5: flexible connection with guiding and holding the multi-wall spacing. Placed vertically continuously and at a spacing in the notches provided in the basic elements, the spacers can be used as internal formwork for the construction of beams and columns made simultaneously with the laying of the basic elements of multi-walled walls - boards 27-30 -33-34.

• - mur type I - planches 11-12-13-14-15
• - mur type II - planches 16-17-1b-19-20
• - mur type III - planches 21-22-23
• - mur type IV - planches 24-25-26
• - mur type V - planches 27-28-29
• - mur type VI - planches 30-31-32

Six examples show the arrangement to be adopted for six types of construction with, in common, a similar installation principle, i.e.

• - type I wall - planks 11-12-13-14-15
• - type II wall - boards 16-17-1b-19-20
• - type III wall - boards 21-22-23
• - type IV wall - boards 24-25-26
• - type V wall - boards 27-28-29
• - type VI wall - boards 30-31-32

Along a guide drawn on a flat support, place two basic modules N one in front of the other, connect them with one or two special pieces C or E chosen according to the type of wall to be built, this first operation finished, continue with the neighboring modules of the same bed and if necessary special modules S or angles A, finish the lower bed before installing a second bed, taking care to place the special pieces halfway between the two beds so that they can serve as a sliding guide, while maintaining the correct spacing, of the multi-walls constituting the same wall.

Take care also to determine the function or functions sought and required for each wall, each of them may or may not be load-bearing, insulating, acoustic, sound-proof, with the finish appearance according to the desired visual comfort.

If it is decided to put in place in the first phase, the interior load-bearing walls, by postponing the installation of the elements for non-load-bearing exterior walls, it is necessary to proceed in the same way with regard to the introduction of special parts , except between the first and the second bed where additional D1 parts will be used.

Thereafter, when it is proceeded to the installation of the elements in external facing, it will suffice to slide down the special pieces C2 bed by bed and finish the upper final bed using clips C1.

Filling or injection materials, if prescribed, may be introduced, either simultaneously when execution is carried out in a single phase, or postponed until the completion of subsequent phases.

• a) que les canalisations de toutes espèces peuvent donc être introduites dans l'interstice créé entre parois, sans travaux préparatoires;
• b) que les menuiseries sont, soit placées au fur et à mesure de l'exécution des murs -planche 37- ou si elles sont reportées, existe la faculté de mise en oeuvre de cadres d'attente prêts à les recevoir;
• c) qu'une pièce peut être isolée, entièrement ou séparément, d'une autre pièce d'un même immeuble.

It is also important to know:

• a) that pipes of all kinds can therefore be introduced into the gap created between walls, without preparatory work;
• b) that the joinery is either placed as the walls run - board 37- or if they are postponed, there is the possibility of using waiting frames ready to receive them;
• c) that a room can be isolated, entirely or separately, from another room in the same building.

The process which is the subject of the invention therefore finds its innovation as soon as and in the design, manufacture and the original method of the implementation process.

It makes it possible to economically rationalize all constructions accessible to it, whether isolated or multiple buildings, or other works.

It brings a precious and judicious assistance to the authors of projects, giving the possibility to their architectural sensitivity to express themselves without forgetting any of the imperatives required by the art of contemporary building.

Its great workability and adaptability respond to a new technical development that can meet specific individual or collective needs.

The small size of its components, their ease of installation and their finish appearance contribute to its wide distribution.

Claims (3)

1. The construction of finished multi-walled walls with variable structures and functions produced by means of basic modules used in facing or as carriers, connected by special participating parts intended for their guidance and their flexible directed connection, with advantage and in value of the physical and mechanical characteristics of filling or injection products, introduced continuously between the constituent walls of the same wall or structure. 2. The manufacture of the prefabricated components of these walls or structures, that is to say the basic modules and the special participating parts. 3. The in situ combination of these basic models and special participating parts for all load-bearing or non-load-bearing structures.

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