EP0124449A1 - Waste shredder - Google Patents

Waste shredder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0124449A1
EP0124449A1 EP84420050A EP84420050A EP0124449A1 EP 0124449 A1 EP0124449 A1 EP 0124449A1 EP 84420050 A EP84420050 A EP 84420050A EP 84420050 A EP84420050 A EP 84420050A EP 0124449 A1 EP0124449 A1 EP 0124449A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shafts
shaft
rotation
tools
crusher according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84420050A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0124449B1 (en
Inventor
Max Escoffier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe dEtudes et de Realisations Thermiques SA
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Societe dEtudes et de Realisations Thermiques SA
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Priority to AT84420050T priority Critical patent/ATE28133T1/en
Publication of EP0124449A1 publication Critical patent/EP0124449A1/en
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Publication of EP0124449B1 publication Critical patent/EP0124449B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/145—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with knives spaced axially and circumferentially on the periphery of a cylindrical rotor unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
    • B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
    • B02C18/184—Disc-shaped knives with peripherally arranged demountable cutting tips or elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C2018/147—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers of the plural stage type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste shredder, and in particular for reject products from the wood, paper, cardboard, glass and plastics industries. These wastes or lost products are currently not used but simply dumped in landfills where they have the disadvantage of occupying a large volume. However, this waste could, after grinding, be usefully reused, for example when it comes to glass parts, or be used for the supply of poly-fuel boilers, when it is wood waste. This waste is currently not processed due to the complexity and the high cost of grinding and crushing devices on the market, which are only suitable for very precise operations.
  • a first known device is of the planetary grinder type, consisting of two discs arranged at the same height, the shafts of which are inclined so as to form a V open upwards, the two discs carrying cutting tools on their facing faces l 'from each other and being driven at different rotational speeds.
  • the products to be ground are brought into the upper part of the discs and are ground in contact with the tools of the latter before being evacuated to their lower part.
  • Another type of device consists of a grinder comprising a vertical shaft on which knives are fixed, the assembly being mounted in a cylindrical grid, open upwards, the diameter of the mesh of which calibrates the ground products.
  • British patent 1,206,313 describes a grinding apparatus comprising two drums with parallel axes on which are fixed tools arranged in circular helices, these drums being driven manually in opposite directions to each other, movement during which the products are crushed by passing between the two drums.
  • this device has the drawback of being complex in its implementation because the tools are fixed directly to the drums and of being very inefficient due to the manual drive of the drums.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing an apparatus for grinding products of different shapes and sizes, or irregular in order to bring them in the form of particles as regular as possible, with an output flow. which is more or less constant, without risk of blocking of the products, even if the feeding is irregular.
  • the apparatus which it relates to, of the type comprising two parallel shafts driven in rotation in opposite directions from top to bottom and from the outside to the inside, each shaft having a plurality of edges regularly distributed over its periphery, each of which is arranged on a circular helix, the pitches of the helices according to which the edges of the two shafts are formed being opposite to each other, and the spacing between the two shafts being such that their respective edges do not are not in contact during the rotational movement, is equipped with a third shaft which, with an axis parallel to those of the first two and arranged below them, comprises tools projecting from its periphery and is driven in rotation.
  • edges according to circular helices ensures the formation of zones for taking care of the products to be ground, of variable width, making it possible to take care of and to pass between the two trees products of different sizes and shapes.
  • edges which are cutting and whose profile is adapted to the nature of the products to be ground ensure the grinding or defibering of the products admitted to their upper part.
  • the third tree arranged below the first two perfect the treatment of the products by ensuring the cutting and grinding of elongated products such as branches of wood, which could simply have been defibrated by passing between the first two trees, without having been cut into small pieces.
  • the rotational speeds of the first two shafts are slightly different from each other, these speeds varying from 25 to 50%.
  • This differential product drive promotes product crushing.
  • This crusher accepts the passage of products of different natures, wood, paper, cardboard, glass, plastic, and for example wooden crates or pallets, without requiring prior disassembly thereof.
  • Adjusting the center distance of the shafts makes it possible to increase the grinding capacity of products of different sizes.
  • edges do not come into contact allows the passage without blocking of hard elements, which may contain the parts to be ground, such as nails, bolts, screws, reinforcement brackets etc ..., when it comes packaging elements.
  • the speed of rotation of the third shaft is significantly higher than that of the first two shafts, the speeds of the first two shafts and of the third varying in a ratio of the order of 1 to 10.
  • the size of the particles is a function of the number of tools arranged at the periphery of the third shaft, and of the speed of rotation thereof. It should be noted that the arrangement of the tools on the third shaft is arbitrary, two tools offset axially which may or may not be contiguous and offset angularly or not.
  • the third shaft is offset laterally relative to the longitudinal median plane of the first two trees, on the side of the tree in the direction in which it rotates.
  • the tools are part of circular crowns engaged on each shaft and locked in rotation thereon, with an angular offset of two neighboring crowns in the case of the first two shafts, so that the corresponding tools, different crowns , are arranged in circular propellers.
  • the crowns carrying the tools can be mounted contiguous or with the interposition of spacers. If the spacers are circular, and set back from the tools, there may be provided a scraper secured to the frame, bearing on each spacer below the plane containing the axes of the first two shafts, and on the outside of each of these two trees.
  • the tools of the first two shafts can either occupy opposing positions, or be offset axially, so that the crowns carrying the tools mounted on a shaft are next to the spacers of the other tree.
  • the latter may have cutting edges, in order to favor the cutting of the crushed materials, which limits the torque necessary for the operation.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a frame (2) mounted on feet (3) supporting a housing (4) open both upwards and downwards.
  • This frame serves as a support, with the interposition of bearings (5), to two parallel shafts (6), driven in rotation in opposite directions by means of a gear train (7) from a motor ( 8).
  • a stack of crowns (9) each of which carries tools (10) at its periphery, and circular spacers (12).
  • each crown (9) of a shaft is located opposite a spacer (12) of the other shaft.
  • the crowns (9) are mounted on each shaft (6), so that the edges of the corresponding tools of the same stack of crowns are arranged in a circular helix, the circular helices corresponding to the two shafts being not reverse.
  • a scraper (13) integral with the frame (2) is in contact with each spacer (12) in the lower part thereof.
  • this crusher is also equipped with a shaft (14), with an axis parallel to those of the shafts (6), arranged below these, and driven in rotation by a motor, not shown in the drawing, in the same direction as. the shaft (6) located above it and on the left in FIG. 3. It appears from this same figure that the shaft (14) is offset laterally laterally with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the two shafts (6) of the side of the shaft (6) driven in the same direction as it. As shown in Figure 3, the frame (2) includes lights (15) for adjusting both the vertical and lateral positions of the shaft (14).
  • FIG. 5 represents a variant of the assembly of FIGS. 1 to 4, in which the spacers (18), arranged between two crowns (9) carrying the tools (10), have sharp ends (19), favoring the cutting of the products to be ground, which limits the torque necessary for grinding.
  • each ring (9) has peripheral notches (20) of dovetail or other section, as shown in dotted lines, in which are intended to be fixed tools (10 ) comprising a heel (22) of complementary shape to that of a notch (20).
  • This arrangement is very interesting because it allows, from standard crowns, to mount on them the tools best suited to the grinding to be carried out. In addition, if a tool is damaged, it can be replaced quickly and easily.
  • the products to be ground are brought above the trees (6), where they are supported by the tools (10) that comprise the crowns (9). Due to the variable width opening formed by two corresponding series of teeth corresponding to the two shafts, products of different sizes and / or shapes can be taken care of by said tools, and driven between the two shafts where it is produced, always using tools, grinding the products which come out in the form of small particles at the bottom of the housing (4).
  • the scraper (13), located in the lower part of each spacer (12) prevents an accumulation of crushed products against the spacers, which would be detrimental to the quality of the grinding.
  • the products After passing between the shafts (6), the products come into contact with the shaft (14) rotating at a substantially higher speed; of the order of 50 revolutions per minute if the speed of the shafts (6) is of the order of 5 revolutions per minute.
  • the shaft (14) perfects the grinding of the products and performs the cutting into small pieces of long elements which would not have been ground by passing between the two shafts (6).
  • the invention brings a great improvement to the existing technique by providing a mill of simple design, the size of which can be adapted to the grinding to be carried out, requiring low power, and allowing starting under load.
  • shafts could be of adjustable spacing, could each have a specific drive, or that this mill could have several stages, without departing from the scope of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

1. Waste shredder of the type comprising two parallel shafts (6) driven in rotation in opposing directions from top to bottom and from the exterior towards the interior, each shaft presenting a plurality of edges (10) distributed regularly on its periphery, the distance between the two shafts being such that their respective edges are not in contact when moving in rotation, the said shredder being equipped with a third shaft (14) which, on an axis parallel to those of the first two and arranged below these, includes tools (17) jutting out over its periphery and is driven in rotation and the speeds of drive in rotation of the first two shafts (6) being, to a greater or lesser degree, identical, characterised in that each of the edges is arranged on a circular helix, the twists of the helices, in accordance with which the edges of the two shafts are provided, acting in opposite directions, in that the speed of rotation of the third shaft (14) is appreciably greater than that of the first two shafts (6), the speeds of the first two shafts and of the third varying in a ratio of 1 to 10, and in that the third shaft (14) is displaced laterally in relation to the longitudinal mid-plane of the first two shafts (6), from the side of the shaft (6) in the direction in which it turns.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un broyeur pour déchets, et notamment pour les produits de rejet des industries du bois, du papier, du carton, du verre et des matières plastiques. Ces déchets ou produits perdus ne sont actuellement pas utilisés mais simplement déversés dans des décharges où ils présentent l'inconvénient d'occuper un volume important. Or, ces déchets pourraient, après broyage, être utilement réutilisés, par exemple lorsqu'il s'agit de pièces en verre, ou servir à l'alimentation de chaudières à poly-combustibles, lorsqu'il s'agit de déchets en bois. Ces déchets ne sont actuellement pas transformés du fait de la complexité et du coût important des appareils de broyage et de concassage sur le marché, qui ne conviennent que pour des opérations très précises.The present invention relates to a waste shredder, and in particular for reject products from the wood, paper, cardboard, glass and plastics industries. These wastes or lost products are currently not used but simply dumped in landfills where they have the disadvantage of occupying a large volume. However, this waste could, after grinding, be usefully reused, for example when it comes to glass parts, or be used for the supply of poly-fuel boilers, when it is wood waste. This waste is currently not processed due to the complexity and the high cost of grinding and crushing devices on the market, which are only suitable for very precise operations.

Un premier appareil connu est du type à broyeurs planétaires, constitué par deux disques disposés à la même hauteur, dont les arbres sont inclinés de façon à former un V ouvert vers le haut, les deux disques portant des outils tranchant sur leurs faces en regard l'une de l'autre et étant entraînés à des vitesses de rotations différentes.A first known device is of the planetary grinder type, consisting of two discs arranged at the same height, the shafts of which are inclined so as to form a V open upwards, the two discs carrying cutting tools on their facing faces l 'from each other and being driven at different rotational speeds.

Les produits à broyer sont amenés, en partie haute des disques, et sont broyés au contact des outils de ceux-ci avant d'être évacués à leur partie inférieure.The products to be ground are brought into the upper part of the discs and are ground in contact with the tools of the latter before being evacuated to their lower part.

Ces appareils nécessitent une puissance très importante souvent supérieure à 100 CV, et ne possèdent qu'une faible latitude de réglage de l'écartement des disques, limitant leur utilisation au broyage de produits de dimensions assez précises. En effet, si les produits sont trop gros ou de formes irrégulières, il y a un risque de refus, les produits demeurant sur les disques, sans être broyés par ceux-ci. En l'absence de refus des produits, il peut se produire un blocage des disques dont il faut noter qu'il perturbe considérablement le fonctionnement de l'appareil, puisque celui-ci ne peut pas démarrer en charge.These devices require a very large power often greater than 100 CV, and have only a small latitude for adjusting the spacing of the discs, limiting their use for grinding products of fairly precise dimensions. Indeed, if the products are too large or of irregular shapes, there is a risk of refusal, the products remaining on the discs, without being crushed by them. In the absence of refusal of the products, there may be a blockage of the discs which should be noted that it considerably disturbs the operation of the device, since it cannot start under load.

Un autre type d'appareil est constitué par un broyeur comportant un arbre vertical sur lequel sont fixés des couteaux, l'ensemble étant monté dans une grille cylindrique, ouverte vers le haut, dont le diamètre de la maille réalise le calibrage des produits broyés.Another type of device consists of a grinder comprising a vertical shaft on which knives are fixed, the assembly being mounted in a cylindrical grid, open upwards, the diameter of the mesh of which calibrates the ground products.

Il s'agit d'un appareil nécessitant une puissance élevée de l'ordre de 30 à 100 CV, tournant à haute vitesse, et n'admettant que des produits qui ont sensiblement tous les mêmes dimensions et qui, au départ, sont de petites tailles. Outre le fait que cet appareil ne peut pas démarrer en charge, il faut noter que, si les produits à broyer sont humides, il se produit rapidement un colmatage de la grille rendant impossible l'évacuation des produits broyés.It is a device requiring a high power of the order of 30 to 100 CV, running at high speed, and admitting only products which have substantially all the same dimensions and which, at the start, are small. sizes. Besides the fact that this device cannot start under load, it should be noted that, if the products to be ground are wet, the grid quickly becomes clogged, making it impossible to evacuate the ground products.

Le brevet britannique 1 206 313 décrit un appareil de broyage comprenant deux tambours d'axes parallèles sur lesquels sont fixés des outils disposés selon des hélices circulaires, ces tambours étant entraînés manuellement en sens inverse l'un de l'autre, mouvement au cours duquel les produits sont broyés par passage entre les deux tambours. Cet appareil présente toutefois l'inconvénient d'être complexe dans sa réalisation du fait que les outils sont fixés directement sur les tambours et d'être très peu performant du fait de l'entraînement manuel des tambours.British patent 1,206,313 describes a grinding apparatus comprising two drums with parallel axes on which are fixed tools arranged in circular helices, these drums being driven manually in opposite directions to each other, movement during which the products are crushed by passing between the two drums. However, this device has the drawback of being complex in its implementation because the tools are fixed directly to the drums and of being very inefficient due to the manual drive of the drums.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients en fournissant un appareil pour le broyage de produits de formes et de tailles différentes, ou irrégulières en vue d'amener ceux-ci sous la forme de particules les plus régulières possible, avec un débit de sortie qui soit à peu près constant, sans risque de blocage des produits, même si l'alimentation est irrégulière.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing an apparatus for grinding products of different shapes and sizes, or irregular in order to bring them in the form of particles as regular as possible, with an output flow. which is more or less constant, without risk of blocking of the products, even if the feeding is irregular.

A cet effet, l'appareil qu'elle concerne, du type comprenant deux arbres parallèles entraînés en rotation dans des sens opposés de haut en bas et de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, chaque arbre présentant une pluralité d'arêtes régulièrement réparties sur sa périphérie, dont chacune est disposée sur une hélice circulaire, les pas des hélices selon lesquelles sont ménagées les arêtes des deux arbres étant inverses l'un de l'autre, et l'écartement entre les deux arbres étant tel que leurs arêtes respectives ne soient pas en contact lors du mouvement de rotation, est équipé d'un troisième arbre qui, d'axe parallèle à ceux des deux premiers et disposé en-dessous de ceux-ci, comporte des outils faisant saillie de sa périphérie et est entraîné en rotation.To this end, the apparatus which it relates to, of the type comprising two parallel shafts driven in rotation in opposite directions from top to bottom and from the outside to the inside, each shaft having a plurality of edges regularly distributed over its periphery, each of which is arranged on a circular helix, the pitches of the helices according to which the edges of the two shafts are formed being opposite to each other, and the spacing between the two shafts being such that their respective edges do not are not in contact during the rotational movement, is equipped with a third shaft which, with an axis parallel to those of the first two and arranged below them, comprises tools projecting from its periphery and is driven in rotation.

La disposition des arêtes selon des hélices circulaires assure la formation de zones de prise en charge des produits à broyer, de largeur variable, permettant de prendre en charge et de faire passer entre les deux arbres des produits de tailles et de formes différentes. Outre leur fonction de transfert des produits entre les cylindres, les arêtes qui sont coupantes et dont le profil est adapté à la nature des produits à broyer, assurent le broyage ou le défibrage des produits admis à leur partie supérieure.The arrangement of the edges according to circular helices ensures the formation of zones for taking care of the products to be ground, of variable width, making it possible to take care of and to pass between the two trees products of different sizes and shapes. In addition to their function of transferring the products between the cylinders, the edges which are cutting and whose profile is adapted to the nature of the products to be ground, ensure the grinding or defibering of the products admitted to their upper part.

Le troisième arbre disposé en-dessous des deux premiers parfait le traitement des produits en assurant la découpe et le broyage de produits allongés tels que des branches de bois, qui auraient pû simplement être défibrés par passage entre les deux premiers arbres, sans avoir été découpés en petits morceaux.The third tree arranged below the first two perfect the treatment of the products by ensuring the cutting and grinding of elongated products such as branches of wood, which could simply have been defibrated by passing between the first two trees, without having been cut into small pieces.

Avantageusement, les vitesses de rotation des deux premiers arbres sont légèrement différentes l'une de l'autre, ces vitesses variant de 25 à 50 %.Advantageously, the rotational speeds of the first two shafts are slightly different from each other, these speeds varying from 25 to 50%.

Cet entraînement différentiel des produits favorise le triturage des produits.This differential product drive promotes product crushing.

Ces deux arbres sont entraînés en rotation à vitesse lente, de l'ordre de 4 à 6 tours par minute pour un diamètre d'arbre de l'ordre de 500 mm, ce qui permet, compte tenu également de la structure de l'appareil, de travailler avec un moteur de faible puissance, de l'ordre d'une dizaine de chevaux pour obtenir des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus avec les appareils connus décrits précédemment.These two shafts are driven in rotation at slow speed, of the order of 4 to 6 revolutions per minute for a shaft diameter of the order of 500 mm, which allows, also taking into account the structure of the device. , to work with a low power engine, of the order of ten horses to obtain results comparable to those obtained with the known devices described above.

Ce broyeur accepte le passage de produits de différentes natures, bois, papier, carton, verre, matière plastique, et par exemple des caisses ou palettes en bois, sans nécessiter un démontage préalable de celles-ci.This crusher accepts the passage of products of different natures, wood, paper, cardboard, glass, plastic, and for example wooden crates or pallets, without requiring prior disassembly thereof.

Le réglage de l'entraxe des arbres permet, en effet, d'augmenter la capacité de broyage de produits de tailles différentes.Adjusting the center distance of the shafts makes it possible to increase the grinding capacity of products of different sizes.

Le fait que les arêtes ne viennent pas en contact permet le passage sans blocage d'éléments durs, que peuvent contenir les pièces à broyer, tels que clous, boulons, vis, équerres de renfort etc..., lorsqu'il s'agit d'éléments d'emballage.The fact that the edges do not come into contact allows the passage without blocking of hard elements, which may contain the parts to be ground, such as nails, bolts, screws, reinforcement brackets etc ..., when it comes packaging elements.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la vitesse de rotation du troisième arbre est sensiblement supérieure à celle des deux premiers arbres, les vitesses des deux premiers arbres et du troisième variant dans un rapport de l'ordre de 1 à 10.According to another characteristic of the invention, the speed of rotation of the third shaft is significantly higher than that of the first two shafts, the speeds of the first two shafts and of the third varying in a ratio of the order of 1 to 10.

Cela permet un broyage en petites particules de produits pouvant se trouver sous forme allongée à la sortie des deux premiers arbres. La taille des particules est fonction du nombre d'outils disposés à la périphérie du troisième arbre, et de la vitesse de rotation de celui-ci. Il est à noter que la disposition des outils sur le troisième arbre est quelconque, deux outils décalés axialement pouvant être jointifs ou non et décalés angulaire ment ou non.This allows grinding into small particles of products which can be in elongated form at the outlet of the first two shafts. The size of the particles is a function of the number of tools arranged at the periphery of the third shaft, and of the speed of rotation thereof. It should be noted that the arrangement of the tools on the third shaft is arbitrary, two tools offset axially which may or may not be contiguous and offset angularly or not.

Avantageusement, le troisième arbre est décalé latéralement par rapport au plan médian longitudinal des deux premiers arbres, du côté de l'arbre dans le sens duquel il tourne.Advantageously, the third shaft is offset laterally relative to the longitudinal median plane of the first two trees, on the side of the tree in the direction in which it rotates.

Ceci évite qu'en sortie des deux premiers arbres, les produits viennent buter contre le troisième arbre, et permet la percussion immédiate des produits par les outils du troisième arbre.This avoids that at the output of the first two shafts, the products come up against the third shaft, and allows immediate percussion of the products by the tools of the third shaft.

Conformément à une possibilité, les outils font partie de couronnes circulaires engagées sur chaque arbre et bloquées en rotation sur celui-ci, avec un décalage angulaire de deux couronnes voisines dans le cas des deux premiers arbres, afin que les outils correspondants, des différentes couronnes, soient disposés selon des hélices circulaires.According to one possibility, the tools are part of circular crowns engaged on each shaft and locked in rotation thereon, with an angular offset of two neighboring crowns in the case of the first two shafts, so that the corresponding tools, different crowns , are arranged in circular propellers.

Les couronnes portant les outils, peuvent être montées jointives ou avec interposition d'entretoises. Si les entretoises sont circulaires, et disposées en retrait des outils, il peut être prévu un racloir solidaire du bâti, prenant appui sur chaque entretoise en-dessous du plan contenant les axes des deux premiers arbres, et du côté de l'extérieur de chacun de ces deux arbres.The crowns carrying the tools can be mounted contiguous or with the interposition of spacers. If the spacers are circular, and set back from the tools, there may be provided a scraper secured to the frame, bearing on each spacer below the plane containing the axes of the first two shafts, and on the outside of each of these two trees.

Ces racloirs évitent une accumulation de matière broyée contre l'arbre, qui pourrait nuire à l'efficacité du broyage.These scrapers prevent an accumulation of crushed material against the shaft, which could affect the efficiency of the crushing.

Dans la mesure où les couronnes portant les outils sont montées avec interposition d'entretoises, les outils des deux premiers arbres peuvent soit occuper des positions antagonistes, soit être décalés axialement, de telle sorte que les couronnes portant les outils montés sur un arbre se trouvent en regard des entretoises de l'autre arbre.Insofar as the crowns carrying the tools are mounted with interposition of spacers, the tools of the first two shafts can either occupy opposing positions, or be offset axially, so that the crowns carrying the tools mounted on a shaft are next to the spacers of the other tree.

Dans le cas d'un montage avec entretoise, ces dernières peuvent présenter des arêtes coupantes, afin de favoriser la découpe des matériaux broyés, ce qui limite le couple nécessaire à l'opération.In the case of an assembly with a spacer, the latter may have cutting edges, in order to favor the cutting of the crushed materials, which limits the torque necessary for the operation.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit en référence au dessin schématique annexé, représentant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de cet appareil :

  • Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un broyeur ;
  • Figure 2 en est une vue de dessus ;
  • Figure 3 en est une vue en coupe transversale et à échelle agrandie, selon la ligne 3-3 de figure 2 ;
  • Figure 4 est une vue partielle en perspective des trois arbres du broyeur représenté aux figures 1 à 3 ;
  • Figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un autre arbre susceptible d'équiper un broyeur ;
  • Figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'une couronne porte-outil ;
  • Figure 7 est une vue en plan de la couronne de figure 6, équipée d'outils.
In any case, the invention will be clearly understood with the aid of the description which follows with reference to the appended schematic drawing, representing, by way of nonlimiting example, an embodiment of this device:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a grinder;
  • Figure 2 is a top view;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale, along line 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of the three shafts of the crusher shown in Figures 1 to 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of another susceptible tree to equip a grinder;
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a tool holder ring;
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of the crown of Figure 6, equipped with tools.

L'appareil représenté aux figures 1 à 4 comprend un bâti (2) monté sur des pieds (3) supportant un carter (4) ouvert à la fois vers le haut et vers le bas. Ce bâti sert de support, avec interposition de paliers (5), à deux arbres (6) parallèles, entraînés en rotation dans des sens inverses par l'intermédiaire d'un train d'engrenages (7) à partir d'un moteur (8). Sur chaque arbre (6) est monté un empilement de couronnes (9) dont chacune porte des outils (10) à sa périphérie, et d'entretoises circulaires (12).The apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a frame (2) mounted on feet (3) supporting a housing (4) open both upwards and downwards. This frame serves as a support, with the interposition of bearings (5), to two parallel shafts (6), driven in rotation in opposite directions by means of a gear train (7) from a motor ( 8). On each shaft (6) is mounted a stack of crowns (9) each of which carries tools (10) at its periphery, and circular spacers (12).

Le montage des couronnes (9) des deux arbres est réalisé avec décalage axial, de telle sorte que chaque couronne (9) d'un arbre se trouve en regard d'une entretoise (12) de l'autre arbre.The mounting of the crowns (9) of the two shafts is carried out with axial offset, so that each crown (9) of a shaft is located opposite a spacer (12) of the other shaft.

Comme montré au dessin, les couronnes (9) sont montées sur chaque arbre (6), de telle sorte que les arêtes des outils correspondants d'un même empilement de couronnes soient disposées selon une hélice circulaire, les hélices circulaires correspondant aux deux arbres étant de pas inverse.As shown in the drawing, the crowns (9) are mounted on each shaft (6), so that the edges of the corresponding tools of the same stack of crowns are arranged in a circular helix, the circular helices corresponding to the two shafts being not reverse.

Un racloir (13) solidaire du bâti (2) est en contact avec chaque entretoise (12) en partie basse de celle-ci.A scraper (13) integral with the frame (2) is in contact with each spacer (12) in the lower part thereof.

Comme montré aux figures 3 et 4, ce broyeur est, en outre, équipé d'un arbre (14), d'axe parallèle à ceux des arbres (6), disposé en-dessous de ceux-ci, et entraîné en rotation par un moteur, non représenté au dessin, dans le même sens que. l'arbre (6) situé au-dessus de lui et à gauche à la figure 3. Il ressort de cette même figure que l'arbre (14) est déporté latéralement latéralement par rapport au plan médian longitudinal des deux arbres (6) du côté de l'arbre (6) entraîné dans le même sens que lui. Comme montré à la figure 3, le bâti (2) comprend des lumières (15) permettant de régler à la fois les positions verticale et latérale de l'arbre (14).As shown in Figures 3 and 4, this crusher is also equipped with a shaft (14), with an axis parallel to those of the shafts (6), arranged below these, and driven in rotation by a motor, not shown in the drawing, in the same direction as. the shaft (6) located above it and on the left in FIG. 3. It appears from this same figure that the shaft (14) is offset laterally laterally with respect to the longitudinal median plane of the two shafts (6) of the side of the shaft (6) driven in the same direction as it. As shown in Figure 3, the frame (2) includes lights (15) for adjusting both the vertical and lateral positions of the shaft (14).

Sur l'arbre (14) est monté un empilement de couronnes (16) jointives portant des outils (17) disposés dans le prolongement les uns des autres.On the shaft (14) is mounted a stack of contiguous crowns (16) carrying tools (17) arranged in the extension of each other.

La figure 5 représente une variante du montage de figures 1 à 4, dans laquelle les entretoises (18), disposées entre deux couronnes (9) portant les outils (10), possèdent des extrémités (19) acérées, favorisant la coupe des produits à broyer, ce qui limite le couple nécessaire au broyage.FIG. 5 represents a variant of the assembly of FIGS. 1 to 4, in which the spacers (18), arranged between two crowns (9) carrying the tools (10), have sharp ends (19), favoring the cutting of the products to be ground, which limits the torque necessary for grinding.

Dans la forme d'exécution représentée à la figure 6, chaque couronne (9) comporte des encoches périphériques (20) de section en queue d'aronde ou autre, comme montré en pointillés, dans lesquels sont destinés à être fixés des outils (10) comportant un talon (22) de forme complémentaire de cèlle d'une encoche (20). Cet agencement est très intéressant car permettant, à partir de couronnes standards, de monter sur celles-ci les outils les mieux adaptés au broyage à réaliser. En outre, en cas de détérioration d'un outil, celui-ci peut être remplacé de façon simple et rapide.In the embodiment shown in Figure 6, each ring (9) has peripheral notches (20) of dovetail or other section, as shown in dotted lines, in which are intended to be fixed tools (10 ) comprising a heel (22) of complementary shape to that of a notch (20). This arrangement is very interesting because it allows, from standard crowns, to mount on them the tools best suited to the grinding to be carried out. In addition, if a tool is damaged, it can be replaced quickly and easily.

D'un point de vue pratique, les produits à broyer sont amenés au-dessus des arbres (6), où ils sont pris en charge par les outils (10) que comportent les couronnes (9). En raison de l'ouverture de largeur variable que forment deux séries correspondantes de dents correspondant aux deux arbres, des produits de tailles et/ou de formes différentes peuvent être pris en charge par lesdits outils, et entraînés entre les deux arbres où est réalisé, toujours grâce aux outils, le broyage des produits qui sortent sous forme de particules de faible taille à la partie inférieure du carter (4).From a practical point of view, the products to be ground are brought above the trees (6), where they are supported by the tools (10) that comprise the crowns (9). Due to the variable width opening formed by two corresponding series of teeth corresponding to the two shafts, products of different sizes and / or shapes can be taken care of by said tools, and driven between the two shafts where it is produced, always using tools, grinding the products which come out in the form of small particles at the bottom of the housing (4).

Le racloir (13), situé en partie basse de chaque entretoise (12) évite une accumulation de produits broyés contre les entretoises, qui serait néfaste à la qualité du broyage.The scraper (13), located in the lower part of each spacer (12) prevents an accumulation of crushed products against the spacers, which would be detrimental to the quality of the grinding.

Après être passés entre les arbres (6), les produits arrivent au contact de l'arbre (14) tournant à une vitesse sensiblement plus élevée ; de l'ordre de 50 tours par minute si la vitesse des arbres (6) est de l'ordre de 5 tours par minute. L'arbre (14) parfait le broyage des produits et réalise la découpe en petits morceaux d'éléments longs qui n'auraient pas été broyés par passage entre les deux arbres (6).After passing between the shafts (6), the products come into contact with the shaft (14) rotating at a substantially higher speed; of the order of 50 revolutions per minute if the speed of the shafts (6) is of the order of 5 revolutions per minute. The shaft (14) perfects the grinding of the products and performs the cutting into small pieces of long elements which would not have been ground by passing between the two shafts (6).

Comme il ressort de ce qui précède, l'invention apporte une grande amélioration à la technique existante en fournissant un broyeur de conception simple, dont la taille peut être adaptée au broyage à réaliser, nécessitant une faible puissance, et autorisant un démarrage en charge.As is apparent from the above, the invention brings a great improvement to the existing technique by providing a mill of simple design, the size of which can be adapted to the grinding to be carried out, requiring low power, and allowing starting under load.

Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas à la seule forme d'exécution de ce broyeur, décrite ci-dessus à titre d'exemple ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes de réalisation.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the sole embodiment of this mill, described above by way of example; on the contrary, it embraces all of its variant embodiments.

C'est ainsi notamment que les arbres pourraient être d'écartement réglable, pourraient disposer chacun d'un entraînement spécifique, ou encore que ce broyeur pourrait comporter plusieurs étages, sans que l'on sorte pour autant du cadre de l'invention.Thus in particular that the shafts could be of adjustable spacing, could each have a specific drive, or that this mill could have several stages, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. - Broyeur pour déchets, du type comprenant deux arbres parallèles (6) entraînés en rotation dans des sens opposés de haut en bas et de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, chaque arbre présentant une pluralité d'arêtes (10) régulièrement réparties sur sa périphérie, dont chacune est disposée sur une hélice circulaire, les pas des hélices selon lesquelles sont ménagées les arêtes des deux arbres étant inverses l'un de l'autre, et l'écartement entre les deux arbres étant tel que leurs arêtes respectives ne soient pas en contact lors du mouvement de rotation, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé d'un troisième arbre (14) qui, d'axe parallèle à ceux des deux premiers et disposé en-dessous de ceux-ci, comporte des outils (17) faisant saillie de sa périphérie et est entraîné en rotation.1. - Waste crusher, of the type comprising two parallel shafts (6) driven in rotation in opposite directions from top to bottom and from outside to inside, each shaft having a plurality of edges (10) regularly distributed on its periphery, each of which is arranged on a circular helix, the pitches of the helices according to which the edges of the two shafts are formed being opposite to each other, and the spacing between the two shafts being such that their respective edges are not in contact during the rotational movement, characterized in that it is equipped with a third shaft (14) which, with an axis parallel to those of the first two and arranged below them, comprises tools (17) projecting from its periphery and is driven in rotation. 2. - Broyeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les vitesses d'entraînement en rotation des deux premiers arbres (6) sont sensiblement identiques.2. - Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational drive speeds of the first two shafts (6) are substantially identical. 3. - Broyeur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de rotation du troisième arbre (14) est sensiblement supérieure à celle des deux premiers arbres (6), les vitesses des deux premiers arbres et du troisième variant dans un rapport de l'ordre de 1 à 10.3. - crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the speed of rotation of the third shaft (14) is substantially greater than that of the first two shafts (6), the speeds of the first two shafts and of the third varying in a ratio of in the range of 1 to 10. 4. - Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le troisième arbre (14) est décalé latéralement par rapport au plan médian longitudinal des deux premiers arbres (6), du côté de l'arbre (6) dans le sens duquel il tourne.4. - crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the third shaft (14) is offset laterally relative to the longitudinal median plane of the first two shafts (6), on the side of the shaft (6 ) in the direction in which it turns. 5. - Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les outils (10, 17) font partie de couronnes circulaires (9, 16) engagées sur chaque arbre (6, 14) et bloquées en rotation sur celui-ci, avec un décalage angulaire de deux couronnes voisines dans le cas des deux premiers arbres, afin que les outils correspondants, des différentes couronnes, soient disposés selon des hélices circulaires.5. - crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tools (10, 17) are part of circular rings (9, 16) engaged on each shaft (6, 14) and locked in rotation on this, with an angular offset of two neighboring crowns in the case of the first two shafts, so that the corresponding tools, of the different crowns, are arranged in circular helices. 6. - Broyeur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les couronnes sont montées sur les arbres (6) avec interposition d'entretoises.6. - Crusher according to claim 5, characterized in that the crowns are mounted on the shafts (6) with interposition of spacers. 7. - Broyeur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les outils (9) correspondants des deux arbres sont décalés axialement, de telle sorte qu'une couronne (9) porte-outils d'un arbre se trouve en regard d'une entretoise (12) de l'autre arbre, et inversement.7. - crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that the tools (9) corresponding to the two shafts are axially offset, so that a crown (9) tool holder of a shaft is located opposite a spacer (12) of the other shaft, and vice versa. 8. - Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que, dans la mesure où les entretoises (12) sont circulaires, à chacune d'elles est associé un racloir (13) qui, prenant appui sur sa partie inférieure, est solidaire du bâti (2).8. - Crusher according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that, insofar as the spacers (12) are circular, with each of them is associated a scraper (13) which, bearing on its lower part, is integral with the frame (2). 9. - Broyeur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que le bord extérieur de chaque entretoise est acéré.9. - Crusher according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the outer edge of each spacer is sharp.
EP84420050A 1983-03-18 1984-03-19 Waste shredder Expired EP0124449B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84420050T ATE28133T1 (en) 1983-03-18 1984-03-19 SHREDDING MACHINE FOR WASTE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8304793A FR2542632B1 (en) 1983-03-18 1983-03-18 WASTE CRUSHER
FR8304793 1983-03-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0124449A1 true EP0124449A1 (en) 1984-11-07
EP0124449B1 EP0124449B1 (en) 1987-07-08

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EP (1) EP0124449B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE28133T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3464540D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2542632B1 (en)

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EP0246775A2 (en) * 1986-03-20 1987-11-25 Mmd Design And Consultancy Limited Mineral breaker
GB2201611A (en) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-07 Schleicher Co Feinwerktech Cutting mechanism for devices for comminuting material
GB2238965A (en) * 1989-12-16 1991-06-19 Lee King Lung Chipper for scrap plastic
EP0682883A1 (en) * 1994-05-20 1995-11-22 SERVICE POINT S.r.l. Device for chopping up small sized objects, particularly cigarette butts
DE4444977A1 (en) * 1994-12-16 1996-06-20 Scheppach Maschf J Comminuting mechanism for reducing garden and/or wood waste
DE19925729C1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-12-28 Henschel Recycling Technik Gmb Device for tearing metallic scrap
CN102350392A (en) * 2011-10-26 2012-02-15 邢征 Grinding gear, grinding device and grinder
FR2966329A3 (en) * 2010-10-25 2012-04-27 Han Ching Wu Environmental-protection shoe sole, is manufactured by performing high temperature deodorization for cleaning recycled shoes and hot air drying to form pulverized and uniformly-mixed environmental-protection shoe sole raw material
ITCH20110003A1 (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 Luca Michele Tiberio POWER SUPPLY FOR BIOMSS "3T" HEAT GENERATOR
EP2711081A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-26 Hammel GmbH & Co. KG Grinding device
CN104069913A (en) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-01 太原重工股份有限公司 Double-geared roller crusher
CN104437734A (en) * 2014-12-04 2015-03-25 滁州市洪武报废汽车回收拆解利用有限公司 Finished automobile frame crushing system
GR20170100364A (en) * 2017-07-24 2019-04-04 Σταυρος Μιχαλη Καριωτακης Tree branch shredder furnished with branch-propelling and- breaking system for biomass production
CN110385182A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-29 枣庄鑫金山智能机械股份有限公司 A kind of sand making machine with antiquated sand collecting hood
CN118328401A (en) * 2024-05-13 2024-07-12 安徽浙能科技有限公司 Grind conveying mechanism and msw incineration power generation facility

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GB8432545D0 (en) * 1984-12-21 1985-02-06 Ofrex Group Plc Shredding machines
US5025994A (en) * 1989-11-15 1991-06-25 Pelibe, An Ok Partnership Medical waste grinder
DE4023710A1 (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-01-30 Werner Buerklin DEVICE FOR SHREDDING FIBROUS OR GRANULAR-LIKE HEAVYWEAR AS MUELL
DE102005061232A1 (en) * 2005-12-20 2007-06-21 Sbm Maschinen Gmbh Circular blade for shredders has cutting teeth around edge with teeth of first sector offset from teeth of second sector relative to opening for drive shaft to interengage with second blade without contact
CN106622550A (en) * 2017-03-08 2017-05-10 张春平 Strip medicinal material pelleting machine
CN112642529A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-13 李书军 Feed processing device

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FR871657A (en) * 1941-04-21 1942-05-05 Paget & Cie Ets Advanced crusher
US3502276A (en) * 1967-06-01 1970-03-24 Martin H Panning Shredding machine
GB1206313A (en) * 1968-02-09 1970-09-23 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Crushing apparatus
DE2943570A1 (en) * 1979-10-29 1981-04-30 Peter 5439 Bretthausen Voelskow Automatic refuse shredding machine - has two counter-rotating cylinders with speed differential and third higher speed after shredder
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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0246775A2 (en) * 1986-03-20 1987-11-25 Mmd Design And Consultancy Limited Mineral breaker
EP0246775A3 (en) * 1986-03-20 1989-02-01 Mmd Design And Consultancy Limited Mineral breaker
GB2201611A (en) * 1987-03-04 1988-09-07 Schleicher Co Feinwerktech Cutting mechanism for devices for comminuting material
GB2201611B (en) * 1987-03-04 1991-07-10 Schleicher Co Feinwerktech Cutting mechanism for devices for comminuting material
GB2238965A (en) * 1989-12-16 1991-06-19 Lee King Lung Chipper for scrap plastic
EP0682883A1 (en) * 1994-05-20 1995-11-22 SERVICE POINT S.r.l. Device for chopping up small sized objects, particularly cigarette butts
DE4444977A1 (en) * 1994-12-16 1996-06-20 Scheppach Maschf J Comminuting mechanism for reducing garden and/or wood waste
DE4444977C2 (en) * 1994-12-16 1999-04-01 Scheppach Maschf J Shredding plant
DE19925729C1 (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-12-28 Henschel Recycling Technik Gmb Device for tearing metallic scrap
FR2966329A3 (en) * 2010-10-25 2012-04-27 Han Ching Wu Environmental-protection shoe sole, is manufactured by performing high temperature deodorization for cleaning recycled shoes and hot air drying to form pulverized and uniformly-mixed environmental-protection shoe sole raw material
ITCH20110003A1 (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-16 Luca Michele Tiberio POWER SUPPLY FOR BIOMSS "3T" HEAT GENERATOR
CN102350392A (en) * 2011-10-26 2012-02-15 邢征 Grinding gear, grinding device and grinder
CN102350392B (en) * 2011-10-26 2014-03-19 邢征 Grinding gear, grinding device and grinder
EP2711081A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-26 Hammel GmbH & Co. KG Grinding device
CN104069913A (en) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-01 太原重工股份有限公司 Double-geared roller crusher
CN104437734A (en) * 2014-12-04 2015-03-25 滁州市洪武报废汽车回收拆解利用有限公司 Finished automobile frame crushing system
GR20170100364A (en) * 2017-07-24 2019-04-04 Σταυρος Μιχαλη Καριωτακης Tree branch shredder furnished with branch-propelling and- breaking system for biomass production
GR1009916B (en) * 2017-07-24 2021-01-28 Σταυρος Μιχαλη Καριωτακης Tree branch shredder furnished with branch-propelling and- breaking system for biomass production
CN110385182A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-29 枣庄鑫金山智能机械股份有限公司 A kind of sand making machine with antiquated sand collecting hood
CN118328401A (en) * 2024-05-13 2024-07-12 安徽浙能科技有限公司 Grind conveying mechanism and msw incineration power generation facility

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2542632A1 (en) 1984-09-21
DE3464540D1 (en) 1987-08-13
FR2542632B1 (en) 1986-03-28
EP0124449B1 (en) 1987-07-08
ATE28133T1 (en) 1987-07-15

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