EP0123667B1 - Verbundfäden und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben - Google Patents

Verbundfäden und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0123667B1
EP0123667B1 EP84870051A EP84870051A EP0123667B1 EP 0123667 B1 EP0123667 B1 EP 0123667B1 EP 84870051 A EP84870051 A EP 84870051A EP 84870051 A EP84870051 A EP 84870051A EP 0123667 B1 EP0123667 B1 EP 0123667B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filament
nylon
crimp
homopolyamide
test value
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EP84870051A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0123667A3 (en
EP0123667A2 (de
Inventor
Hartwig Christian Bach
William Bruce Black
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Monsanto Co
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Monsanto Co
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Priority to AT84870051T priority Critical patent/ATE36729T1/de
Publication of EP0123667A2 publication Critical patent/EP0123667A2/de
Publication of EP0123667A3 publication Critical patent/EP0123667A3/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel polyamide conjugate filaments having a high level of "high-load” crimp and to a novel process for producing such filaments.
  • high-load crimp means crimp (e.g., helical coils) being developed and/or retained during performance of the high-load crimp test hereafter defined.
  • low-load crimp means crimp developed and/or retained during performance of the low-load crimp test hereinafter defined.
  • Conjugate filaments and their preparation are well known in the art. Typically, their preparation comprises two completely separate and discontinuous operations; a melt spinning operation in which two different polymers are co-extruded to form as-spun filaments which are wound onto a bobbin to form a package, and a stretching operation in which the as-spun filaments are withdrawn from the bobbin, stretched and then wound onto a second bobbin to once again form a package.
  • the polymers may differ from one another with respect to, for example, their chemical structure (e.g., see U.S. Patent 4,019,311) or the polymers may have the same structure and be different because of a difference in relative viscosity (e.g., see U.S.
  • Patent 3,536,802 or because one polymer contains an additive that changes its morphology and the other polymer does not (e.g., see US Patent 4,271,233).
  • US Patents 4,244,907 and 4,202,854 describe a process for producing conjugate filaments wherein, instead of co-extruding two polymers, a single polymer is extruded to form a monocomponent molten stream that is treated, such as by subjecting the stream to one-sided cooling before it is completely solidified (e.g., see US Patent 4,244,907) or to one-sided heating immediately after it is solidified (e.g., see US Patent 4,202,854). In these instances the filament is stretched immediately after the one-sided treatment.
  • Conjugate filaments prepared by the prior art processes in general, lack the ability to develop crimp characteristics of the type required of filaments used in the construction of "stretch" garments such as leg hose, pantyhose, athletic wear, leotards, etc. For this reason most filaments heretofore used commercially for stretch garment applications are monocomponent nylon 66 or nylon 6 filaments that have been mechanically false-twist textured. Although the polyamide conjugate filaments described in US Patents 3,399,108 and 3,418,199 have the ability to develop adequate crimp having characteristics of the type required for stretch garment applications, the filaments are lacking in other respects as compared to the false-twist textured monocomponent nylon filaments.
  • the monocomponent filaments have lower boiling water shrinkage values and, therefore, offer greater dimensional stability to garments, such as hose, where the crimp is developed after the hose are knitted.
  • the crimp of the monocomponent filaments can be developed in the dye bath during conventional garment dyeing operations (i.e., in boiling water at atmospheric pressure), whereas the crimp of these conjugate filaments require a special treatment, i.e., superheated steam (118°C).
  • the present invention provides polyamide conjugate filaments having requisite high-load crimp and boiling water shrinkage characteristics for stretch garment applications and, especially, for ladies' leg hose.
  • the invention also provides a process for producing such polyamide filaments.
  • fresh filament is meant a filament which has not been allowed to age under conditions such that when stretched no substantial improvement is obtained as compared to characteristics obtained when a filament spun under the same conditions is aged for four (4) hours at 70% relative humidity and at a temperature of 25°C prior to stretching to the same stretch ratio.
  • Fresh filament characteristics can, in some instances, be preserved at least temporarily by collecting and maintaining the filament under anhydrous conditions until it is drawn as shown, for example, in Example 12 herein.
  • the process is a spin-stretch process wherein the stretching of the filament is accomplished in-line during melt spinning after the filament is formed and before it is collected.
  • the spin-stretch process comprises co-extruding two molten fiber-forming polyamides having different terminal velocity distances to form a molten stream in which the polyamides are arranged in side-by-side configuration along the length thereof, cooling and solidifying said molten stream in a quenching zone to form a filament (solidified molten stream), attenuating and accelerating said molten stream by withdrawing the filament from the quenching zone at a speed (i.e., spinning speed) of at least 1829 mpm and then stretching the filament at a stretch ratio greater than 1.0 in-line before it is collected and, preferably, as soon as possible after the molten stream has solidified, the processing conditions and polymers being selected to provide a filament having a high-load crimp test value of at least 12% and preferably 20%, and a boiling water shrinkage test value such that the quotient obtained by dividing said crimp test value by said boiling water shrinkage test value is at least 1.0.
  • the term "solidified” means the molten stream has cooled sufficiently so that it no longer sticks (i.e. fuses) to other filaments or to yarn guide surfaces.
  • Polymers having "different terminal velocity distances" are characterized in that under the particular spin-stretch conditions employed to form the molten stream the polymers solidify at different distances from their point of extrusion (i.e., at different distances from the spinneret). The measurement of terminal velocity distances is hereinafter described.
  • the highest high-load crimp test values and lowest boiling water shrinkage test values are attained by selecting highly crystalline homopolyamides, such as nylon 66 and to a lesser extent nylon 6.
  • both homo-polyamides are of the same chemical structure, that is, consist of recurring structural units of the same chemical formula.
  • Most preferably each polyamide is a nylon 66.
  • conjugate filaments prepared in accordance with the present invention have little or no torque (i.e., are substantially torque-free) and, therefore, offer certain advantages over false-twist textured filaments which contain substantial torque (i.e. are torque-lively).
  • the high-load crimp test (hereinafter defined) is used herein to determine the suitability of conjugate filaments for hosiery and other stretch garment applications.
  • the test value should be at least 12% and, preferably, at least 15%.
  • the high-load crimp test correlates very well to boiling water crimp tests for filaments prepared from two homopolyamides of the same chemical structure but of different terminal velocity distances.
  • Filament yarns of the present invention have been knitted into ladies' hose and have developed excellent crimp characteristics and exhibited acceptable boiling water shrinkage characteristics when the hose were placed without restraint in a dye bath.
  • the process of the present invention provides conjugate filaments having improved properties.
  • the process of the invention can be utilized to provide polyamide conjugate filaments which are particularly useful for ladies' leg hose applications.
  • helical crimp or filament splitting in the foregoing test, confirms the presence of differing dimensional change characteristics.
  • Conjugate filaments having segments differing from each other in longitudinal dimensional change characteristics can be produced by methods well known in the art, such as, by using polymers having different relative viscosities (e.g. see U.S. patent 3,536,802). There may be a distinct line of demarcation between the segments at their interface or, in some instances, merely a gradient change in composition of the filament across its cross-section.
  • the process is carried out using the equipment arrangement shown in Figure 1.
  • polyamides A and B of different terminal velocity distances are co-extruded at about the same melt temperature at a given speed (extrusion speed) in molten form through circular capillaries 2 and 3, respectively, of spinneret 1.
  • the molten polymers converge below the spinneret face to form molten stream 4 in which polyamides A and B are arranged, as segments, in a side-by-side configuration.
  • the formation of only one filament is shown in Figure 1.
  • the spinneret will normally have provisions for forming a plurality of molten streams; that is, the spinneret will have a plurality of capillary pairs 2 and 3.
  • Molten stream 4 is then quenched by conventional means to form a filament (i.e., solidified molten stream).
  • the filament is then passed into contact with finish applicator means 5 which applies a liquid finish to the filament. Where there is a plurality of filaments, the filaments are conveniently converged on applicator means 5.
  • the filament is then passed around feed roll 6 with a partial wrap, around stretch roll 7 with a partial wrap, heated by heating means 8 (e.g., a heated tube through which the filament passes) and finally collected by collecting means 9 (e.g., a bobbin on which the filament is wound).
  • Heating means 8 e.g., a heated tube through which the filament passes
  • collecting means 9 e.g., a bobbin on which the filament is wound.
  • Roll 6 is rotated at a peripheral speed of at least 1829 mpm.
  • Roll 7 is rotated at a peripheral speed greater than that of roll 6 but usually no greater than twice that of roll 6.
  • the partial wraps are of an angle sufficient to prevent slippage of the filament on the rolls.
  • the filament When the filament is collected on a bobbin, it should be collected at a speed less than the peripheral speed of roll 7, thereby permitting the filament to relax (retract) before it is collected; otherwise, difficulty is encountered in removing the bobbin from the chuck on which it is rotated, particuarly, where the filament or yarn makes a large number of wraps on the bobbin to form the package. In instances where the filament makes only a small number of wraps on the bobbin, heating of the filament by means 8 may be omitted.
  • the filament collected on the bobbin normally has both original crimp (visible crimp) which manifests itself when the spinning tension is released and latent crimp which can be developed by subsequent treatment of the yarn.
  • Figure 2 shows the cross-section of a typical conjugate filament prepared in accordance with the process of the invention wherein the ratio of segment A to segment B used in forming the filament is 1:1.
  • the spin-stretch process is carried out under processing conditions and using polyamides so as to provide a filament having a high-load crimp test value of at least 15% and a Crimp/BWS ratio value of at least 2 and most preferably values of at least 20% and 3, respectively.
  • the following discussion considers the effect of changing the indicated processing variable while leaving all other variables constant.
  • One segment of the conjugate filament is preferably formed from a rapidly crystallizable fiber-forming polyamide and the other from a less rapidly crystallizable fiber-forming polyamide.
  • This difference in crystallizability may be achieved by selecting polyamides having different terminal velocity distances. In general as the difference between their terminal velocity distances increases, the high-load crimp test value increases to or approaches a maximum value and thereafter remains substantially the same. In general, polymers become less crystallizable as the ratio of homopolymeric segments to copolymeric segments increases, for example, the crystallizability of nylon 66>nylon 66-6 (95:5)>nylon 66-6 (90:10)>nylon 66-6 (85:15).
  • nylon 66 and nylon 6 are preferred, with nylon 66 giving the highest high-load crimp test values and, therefore, being the preferred polyamide for use in practicing the invention.
  • Nylon copolymers are designated herein in a conventional manner, for example, "nylon 66-6" means the copolymer consisting of randomly occurring 66 units, and 6 units, -NH(CH 2 ) I CO-, formed, for example, by copolymerizing hexamethylene diammonium adipate and caprolactam. Mole ratios when given are given in parenthesis following the copolymer designation, for example, (95:5) means a mole ratio of 95:5, respectively.
  • the polyamide used to form one of the segments of the conjugate filament is composed of structural repeating units of the same chemical formula as the polyamide used to form the other segment, selection of polyamides differing from each other in relative viscosity values will provide the desired result in this process.
  • nylon 66 polyamides of different relative viscosities (RV) are used to form the segments, the difference in RV between the two nylon 66's should be at least 5, preferably at least 15 and most preferably at least 30 with the RV of the high RV nylon 66 being at least 30 and, preferably, at least 50 and most preferably at least 65.
  • nylon 66 is the preferred polyamide
  • other polyamides may be used in practicing the invention.
  • suitable homopolyamides include nylon 6 and nylon 610.
  • suitable copolyamides include, but are not limited to, those described in U.S. 3,399,108, 3,418,199, 3,558,760 and 3,667,207. Exmaples of such copolyamides are: nylon 6-66, nylon 66-610; nylon 66-610-611-612; nylon 66-612; nylon 66-61 nylon 66-6T nylon 66-6-612; nylon 6-66-610 and nylon 6-612.
  • the spinneret may be designed so that in forming a molten stream each of the molten polymers may be extruded through a separate capillary in such a manner that the molten polymers converge at the spinneret face to form the molten stream or the polymers may be combined and then extruded through a common spinneret capillary to form the molten stream.
  • each of the molten polymers be extruded through a separate capillary and converge below the spinneret face to form the molten stream as shown in Figure 1.
  • the one segment e.g. the low RV segment
  • the other segment e.g. high RV segment
  • the filament may be of any desired cross-section, e.g., circular, trilobal, etc. However, it is more economical to manufacture spinnerets having circular capillaries. Filaments having a cross-section resulting from the use of capillaries which are circular in cross-section are shown in Figure 2.
  • the volume ratio of the polyamide segments can vary over a wide range. As a practical matter, the segment system normally will be within the range of 3:1 to 1:3. In the case where both segments are nylon 66, a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 (high to low relative viscosity) is preferred with the greatest amount of crimp being obtained with a ratio of about 30:70 (high to low relative viscosity).
  • Cooling of the molten streams normally occurs in a quench chamber, commonly referred to as a chimney.
  • the term "quench” as used herein means the cooling of the molten streams sufficiently to provide solidified streams (i.e., filaments). Although cooling of the streams may be assisted by a transverse (or concurrent) stream of flowing air, such a stream is not required in order to provide filaments having high levels of high-load crimp.
  • the filaments are passed from the quenching chamber through what is called a "steam conditioning" tube.
  • Steam is circulated through the tube and comes into intimate contact with the filaments.
  • the purpose of the steam is to facilitate subsequent processing of the filament. It has been found, however, that the use of conditioning steam with the spin-stretch process of this invention significantly reduces high-load crimp, i.e., to a level substantially below 10%. Accordingly, conditioning steam should not be used with the process when high-load crimp is desired or, if it is used, it should be used very sparingly.
  • Finish may be applied to the filaments by conventional means, for example, by passing the filaments over a roll which transfers finish on to the filaments from a reservoir in which the roll is partially submerged and rotating.
  • a stationary V-shaped guide may be used. The guide is arranged so that filaments ride in the V and a finish is metered to the filaments via a small tube.
  • a finish is not necessary in order to obtain the desired filament properties. However, if a finish is not used, the filaments become statically charged and difficult to handle, for example, when unwinding them from a bobbin.
  • the finish is preferably an aqueous finish (water per se or a water base finish) in view of the environmental considerations involved in the use of non-aqueous finishes.
  • the filaments are conveniently converged on the finish applicator means (e.g. the above mentioned finish guide). If desired, the filament may be converged by means of a conventional convergence guide after being quenched and prior to a finish being applied thereto.
  • the molten streams are attenuated and accelerated from the spinneret (or, when formed below the spinneret, from their point of formation) by a feed roll which withdraws the quenched streams (filaments) from the quenching zone at a spinning speed greater than the extrusion speed.
  • the extrusion speed is the linear speed at which the molten polyamide is theoretically travelling through the spinneret capillary or capillaries and is calculated from the dimensions of the capillary, the extrusion rate and the density of the polyamide. When more than one capillary is used to form the filament, the linear speeds are averaged and the average speed is used as the extrusion speed.
  • jet attenuation represents the quotient obtained by dividing the spinning speed (SS) by the extrusion speed (ES). It has been found that increasing jet attenuation has little effect on the high-load crimp.
  • the spinning speed in order to obtain filaments having a high level of high-load crimp, the spinning speed must be at least 1829 mpm.
  • spinning speeds of at least 2286 mpm and most preferably at least 2743 mpm are used in practicing the process of the invention. In general, increasing the spinning speed and other processing speeds accordingly improves the economics of the process.
  • the filaments are stretched in-line before being collected, for example, before being wound onto a bobbin.
  • the filaments will not possess a significant level of high-load crimp even through they may possess a moderate level of low-load crimp. It has been discovered however, that if the filaments are spun and collected under anhydrous conditions and kept under anhydrous conditions for a limited period of time until subsequently stretched, it is possible to obtain filaments having a high-load crimp level in excess of 8% even though the stretching of the filaments is accomplished in an operation subsequent to and separate from the spinning operation. However, such conditions are usually not practical from the standpoint of commercial operations.
  • the stretching is preferably accomplished using a roll arrangement as shown in Figure 1 wherein roll 6 is a feed roll and roll 7 is a stretch roll.
  • the stretch roll is operated at a peripheral speed higher than the peripheral speed of the feed roll.
  • the filaments are stretched as they leave feed roll 6.
  • the stretch ratio is increased from 1
  • the level of highload crimp imparted to the filaments increases through a maximum level and thereafter decreases slightly.
  • maximum high-load crimp test values are attained when the filaments are stretched at a ratio greater than 1.0. In many instances use of a stretch ratio greater than 2.0 can not be used without breaking filaments.
  • the stretching of the filaments may occur downstream of the feed roll; for example, between two pairs of rolls where the first pair is rotating at the same peripheral speed as that of the feed roll and the second pair at a higher peripheral speed.
  • the filaments are stretched as soon as possible after being quenched.
  • the stretching can be delayed for long periods of time (i.e., minutes, even hours), providing the filaments are kept under anhydrous conditions. Under such conditions an anhydrous finish or no finish at all must be used.
  • an anhydrous finish is preferably used to be certain the level of high-load crimp is not significantly reduced.
  • the period of time between quenching and stretching is significantly greater than about 4 seconds, the filaments may also need to be kept in an anhydrous environment. Whether or not an anhydrous finish and/or anhydrous environment provide satisfactory results can easily be determined experimentally. Where the filaments are stretched within a few seconds after quench the use of an aqueous finish and ambient conditions has very little, if any, effect on the high-load crimp level obtained by the process.
  • the heating of the yarn may be accomplished by exposing the yarn to radiant heat or by passing the filaments through a tube heated with air. It is also contemplated that the yarn may be heated by maintaining the stretch roll at a suitable temperature to heat the filaments.
  • the yarn should not be heated in a manner or to a temperature that would significantly reduce its crimp. In this regard it has been found that the use of steam to heat the yarn tends to significantly reduce the high-load crimp level. Therefore, the use of steam to effect the heat relaxation of the filaments is not recommended where high levels of high-load crimp are desired.
  • Relative viscosity (RV) values when given herein, are given without units.
  • the intrinsic .viscosity [n] of the polymer is determined and then the relative viscosity (RV) is calculated from the equation:
  • High-load crimp test values when given herein, are given in terms of percent (%) and are determined on a sample of filament(s) prior to development of its latent crimp, as follows:
  • Low-load crimp test values when given herein, are given in terms of percent (%) and are determined from a sample of filament(s) before development of its latent crimp, as follows:
  • the process is carried out by co-extruding through a spinneret two polymers (e.g., Polymer A and Polymer B) having different Terminal Velocity Distances, Polymer A and Polymer B being joined to form a molten stream that is solidified in a quenching zone to form a filament and being attenuated and accelerated by withdrawing the filament from the quenching zone at a speed (spinning speed) of at least 1829 mpm.
  • the velocity of a molten stream continually increases up to the point at which it solidifies at which point its velocity corresponds to the spinning speed.
  • the Terminal Velocity Distance of Polymer A is determined under the same conditions used when co-extruding Polymer A and B except in this instance only Polymer A is extruded.
  • a Laser Doppler Velocimeter using a He-Ne laser with optics for 9 mm beam separation and 250 mm focal length and using a counter type signal processor Model 1980 built by TSI, Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota (or equivalent instrument) is used to determine the point at which the molten stream consisting entirely of Polymer A attains its maximum or terminal velocity. The distance from the spinneret to this point is measured and recorded as the Terminal Velocity Distance of Polymer A.
  • the Terminal Velocity Distance of Polymer B is then determined in the same manner. The actual Terminal Velocity Distance values are not important so long as the values are different.
  • This example illustrates the preparation of conjugate filaments of the present invention in which a high relative viscosity nylon 66 is used to form one of the segments and a lower relative viscosity nylon 66 is used to form the other segment.
  • the extrusion temperature is 285°C and the extrusion rate is 0.11896 cm 3 /sec/capillary.
  • a convergence guide (metered finish pin) is located 91.44 cm from the face of the spinneret.
  • the finish pin is rectangular in shape with its long axis being parallel to the threadline.
  • the pin is grooved to receive and converge the seven filaments.
  • Aqueous finish is metered to the groove and into contact with the converged filaments.
  • the filaments are quenched enroute to the finish pin by means of a cross-flow (2.83 m 3 /min) of ambient air.
  • the filaments in the form of a yarn are withdrawn from the finish pin at 2858 mpm (i.e. spinning speed) by means of a driven roll (feed roll) around which the yarn makes a partial wrap.
  • the feed roll is 19 cm in diameter and located 6.1 m from the face of the spinneret.
  • the yarn is withdrawn from the feed roll at 4572 mpm by means of a stretch roll around which the yarn also makes a partial wrap.
  • the stretch roll is also 19 cm in diameter. The distance between the centers of the two rolls is 63 cm.
  • the feed roll and stretch roll are arranged to prevent slippage of the yarn on the rolls.
  • the yarn is withdrawn from the stretch roll and wound onto a bobbin by means of a conventional winder at a yarn tension of 9.8x10- 3 N (1.0 g). Enroute to the bobbin from the stretch roll the yarn passes between, but not in contact with, two strip heaters (30.48 cm by 10.16 cm) placed 6.35 mm apart face-to-face and heated to about 275°C.
  • the yarn relaxes between the stretch roll and bobbin an amount equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the difference between the peripheral speed of the stretch roll (S,) and the winding speed (S 2 ) by (S,), i.e.: In this instance the hot relaxation is 0.098 or 9.8%.
  • a second bobbin of yarn is prepared and collected under identical conditions, except in this instance the heaters are eliminated from the process.
  • the processing conditions used in making the two bobbins of yarn are summarized below: The effect of eliminating hot relaxation is shown in Table 1.
  • This example shows the effect on crimp and tenacity of varying feed roll speeds (spinning speeds) from 1486 to 4572 mpm, stretch roll speeds from 2743 to 5486 mpm and in-line stretch ratios from 1.1 to 1.85.
  • the highest high-load crimp values are obtained at spinning speeds (feed roll speeds) of 2743 mpm and higher and in-line stretch ratios of 1.2 or higher.
  • yarns are prepared as in series 4D except a stretch roll speed of 5486 mpm is used.
  • the conditions used are:
  • yarns are prepared as in Example 5.
  • the RV of the high RV polyamide is varied while the RV of the low RV polyamide is held constant.
  • the conditions used are:
  • Example 5 As in Example 5, the results show that high-load crimp increases with increase in ARV.
  • Example 6 shows the effect of varying the melt ratio on high-load crimp and low-load crimp.
  • the yarns are prepared as in Example 6 using the following conditions:
  • Example 2 This example illustrates the effects of steam conditioning the yarn on crimp.
  • Yarns are prepared as in Example 1 except that the filaments are passed through a tube (steam conditioning tube) having a diameter of 12.7 cm and a length of 182.9 cm.
  • the tube is placed 132 cm from the face of the spinneret. Steam is introduced into the tube through ports located near the filament inlet end of the tube. The following conditions are used:
  • This example illustrates the use of spinnerets constructed in such a way that the polymer streams converge at a point other than below the spinneret face.
  • two yarns of different denier (9AA and 9AB) are prepared as in Example 1 except in this instance a spinneret is used in which the two angled capillaries (polymer streams) join at the spinneret face rather than below the spinneret face as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the following conditions are used:
  • This example illustrates the preparation of yarns in accordance with the invention wherein the high viscosity and/or low viscosity polyamide is a polyamide other than nylon 66.
  • yarns are made from nylon 610 and nylon 66 using the following conditions:
  • yarns are made from nylon 66 and nylon 6 using the following conditions:
  • yarns are made from nylon 6 using the following conditions:
  • yarns are made from nylon 66 and a nylon 66-612 (50:50) copolymer using the following conditions:
  • yarns are prepared under the same conditions employed in Series 10D except in this instance the copolymer is the high RV polymer and the homopolymer is the low RV polymer.
  • the following conditions are used:
  • yarns are prepared under the same conditions employed in Series 10E except in this instance the polyamides are:
  • This example demonstrates the effect on high-load crimp of using an aqueous finish (Aq) versus an anhydrous finish (Anhy) in instances where the stretching of the filaments is an in-line stretch versus a post stretch in a separate operation.
  • a series of yarns are prepared as in Example 1 using the following conditions:
  • Post stretching is done between two pairs of rotating rolls, a first pair rotating at a peripheral speed of 2858 mpm and a second pair rotating at a peripheral speed of 4572 mpm.
  • Table 12 show that considerable high-load crimp is lost if the yarn is lagged before stretching. Compare items 12A and B to 12C and D and 12E and F to 12G through J. The results also show that moisture has an adverse effect on the power crimp of lagged yarn (compare 12C to 12D) and worsens with time (compare 12D to 12H to 12J).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Claims (32)

1. Faden umfassend zwei Polyamidlängssegmente, die nebeneinander längs der Fadenlänge angeordnet sind und sich voneinander in längsdimensionalen Änderungsmerkmalen unterscheiden, welcher Faden dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß er im wesentlichen verdrehungsfrei ist und einen Kräuseltestwert bei hoher Belastung von mindestens 12% und einen derartigen Schrumpftestwert in siedendem Wasser aufweist, daß der durch Dividieren des Kräuseltestwertes durch den Schrumpftestwert erhaltene Quotient mindestens 1 ist.
2. Faden nach Anspruch 1, in dem das Volumensverhältnis der Segmente 3:1 bis 1:3 beträgt.
3. Faden nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, in dem dieser Quotient mindestens 2 ist.
4. Faden nach Anspruch 3, in dem der Kräuseltestwerk mindestens 15% ist.
5. Faden nach Anspruch 1, in dem dieser Quotient mindestens 3 ist.
6. Faden nach Anspruch 5, in dem der Kräuseltestwert mindestens 18% ist.
7. Faden nach Anspruch 5, in dem der Kräuseltestwert mindestens 20% ist.
8. Faden nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem eines der genannten Segmente im wesentlichen aus einem Homopolyamid besteht und das andere Segment im wesentlichen aus einem Copolymer besteht.
9. Faden nach Anspruch 8, in dem das Homopolyamid Nylon 66 ist.
10. Faden nach Anspruch 8, in dem das Homopolyamid Nylon 6 ist.
11. Faden nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, in dem jedes Segment im wesentlichen aus einem Homopolyamid besteht.
12. Faden nach Anspruch 11, in dem ein Segment im wesentlichen aus Nylon 66 besteht und das andere Segment im wesentlichen aus Nylon 6 besteht.
13. Faden nach Anspruch 11, in dem jedes Segment im wesentlichen aus Nylon 6 besteht.
14. Faden nach Anspruch 11, in dem jedes Segment im wesentlichen aus Nylon 66 besteht.
15. Spinnstreckverfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundfadens, welches Verfahren das Coextrudieren von zwei geschmolzenen fadenbildenden Polyamiden mit verschiedenen Endgeschwindigkeitsabständen unter Bildung eines Schmelzstromes, in dem die Polyamide längs der Länge desselben nebeneinander angeordnet sind, und das Kühlen und Verfestigen dieses Schmelzstromes in einer Abschreckzone unter Bildung eines Fadens umfaßt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schmelzstrom verkleinert und beschleunigt wird, indem der Faden aus der Abschreckzone mit einer Geschwindigkeit von mindestens 1829 m/min entfernt und dann bei einem Streckverhältnis von mehr als 1,0 gestreckt wird, bevor er gesammelt wird, wobei die Verarbeitungsbedingungen und Polyamide so gewählt werden, daß ein Faden mit einem Kräuseltestwert bei hoher Belastung von mindestens 12% und einem solchen Schrumpfwert in siedendem Wasser, daß der Durch Dividieren des Kräuselwertes durch den Schrumpftestwert in siedendem Wasser erhaltene Quotient mindestens 1,0 beträgt, erhalten wird.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, in dem diese Geschwindigkeit mindestens 2286 m/min beträgt.
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, in dem diese Geschwindigkeit mindestens 2743 m/min beträgt.
18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, in dem der Faden innerhalb 4 Sekunden gestreckt wird, nachdem der Schmelzstrom verfestigt ist.
19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, in dem der Faden innerhalb 1 Sekunde gestreckt wird, nachdem der Schmelzstrom verfestigt ist.
20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 19, in dem die Spinnbedingungen und Polyamide so gewählt werden, daß ein Faden mit einem Kräuseltestwert von mindestens 15% und einem Quotienten von mindestens 2,0 erhalten wird.
21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 19, in dem die Spinnbedingungen und Polyamide so gewählt werden, daß ein Faden mit einem Kräuseltestwert von mindestens 20% und einem Quotienten von mindestens 3,0 erhalten wird.
22. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 21, in dem die Polyamide in einem Volumsverhältnis von 3:1 bis 1:3 extrudiert werden.
23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 22, in dem jedes Polyamid ein Homopolyamid ist.
24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, in dem ein Homopolyamid Nylon 66 und das andere Nylon 6 ist.
25. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, in dem ein Homopolyamid ein Nylon 6 und das andere Homopolyamid ein Nylon 6 mit einer anderen relativen Viskosität ist.
26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, in dem ein Homopolyamid Nylon 66 und das andere Homopolyamid ein Nylon 66 mit einer anderen relativen Viskosität ist.
27. Verfahren nach Anspruch 26, in dem die Polyamide in einem Volumsverhältnis von 1:1 bis 1:3 von Nylon 66 mit hoher relativer Viskosität zu Nylon 66 mit niedriger relativer Viskosität extrudiert werden.
28. Verfahren nach Anspruch 26 oder 27, in dem der Unterschied zwischen den relativen Viskositäten dieser Nylons mindestens 15 ist.
29. Verfahren nach Anspruch 26 oder 27, in dem der Unterschied zwischen den relativen Viskositäten dieser Nylons mindestens 30 ist.
30. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 29, in dem ein Nylon 66 eine relative Viskosität von mindestens 50 und das andere Nylon 66 eine relative Viskosität von weniger als 50 aufweist.
31. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 26 bis 29, in dem ein Nylon 66 eine relative Viskosität von mindestens 65 und das andere Nylon 66 eine relative Viskosität von weniger als 65 aufweist.
32. Garn bestehend aus einem oder mehreren Fäden nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14.
EP84870051A 1983-04-11 1984-04-10 Verbundfäden und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben Expired EP0123667B1 (de)

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US484110 1983-04-11

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CA1274660A (en) * 1985-04-22 1990-10-02 Dror Selivansky Partially oriented nylon yarn and process
EP0200701A3 (de) * 1985-04-22 1989-01-18 Monsanto Company Vororientiertes Nylongarn und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
JP2001164427A (ja) * 1999-09-30 2001-06-19 Unitika Ltd ポリアミド潜在捲縮糸及びその製造方法
JP2002363827A (ja) * 2001-06-06 2002-12-18 Unitika Ltd ポリアミド潜在捲縮糸及びその製造方法
JP2002363828A (ja) * 2001-06-06 2002-12-18 Toray Ind Inc 貼合型複合繊維およびその製造方法
JPWO2021020354A1 (de) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04
CN111041577B (zh) * 2019-12-24 2022-03-18 江苏恒力化纤股份有限公司 Pet/改性pet双组份弹性丝及其制备方法
CN114775081B (zh) * 2022-04-02 2023-07-04 东华大学 一种用于并列复合纺丝界面控制的组件结构

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US3399108A (en) * 1965-06-18 1968-08-27 Du Pont Crimpable, composite nylon filament and fabric knitted therefrom
US3418199A (en) * 1964-10-01 1968-12-24 Du Pont Crimpable bicomponent nylon filament
US3675408A (en) * 1969-12-31 1972-07-11 Ici Ltd Polyamide filaments
FR2408668A1 (fr) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-08 Rhone Poulenc Textile Filament a double constituant en polyamides et son procede d'obtention
JPS584094A (ja) * 1981-06-30 1983-01-11 東鴻建設股「ぶん」有限公司 低路交差の建設方法

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BR8401666A (pt) 1984-11-20
CA1226113A (en) 1987-09-01
DK184784D0 (da) 1984-04-10
FI841410A (fi) 1984-10-12
KR870000413B1 (ko) 1987-03-09
IL71492A0 (en) 1984-07-31
DK184784A (da) 1984-10-12
ES531410A0 (es) 1985-06-16
EP0123667A3 (en) 1986-02-05
DE3473618D1 (en) 1988-09-29
ES8506114A1 (es) 1985-06-16
FI841410A0 (fi) 1984-04-10
JPS6028514A (ja) 1985-02-13
AU2669584A (en) 1984-10-18
AR231846A1 (es) 1985-03-29
KR840008703A (ko) 1984-12-17
ATE36729T1 (de) 1988-09-15
EP0123667A2 (de) 1984-10-31
ZA842656B (en) 1984-11-28
NO841416L (no) 1984-10-12

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