EP0123127A1 - Elément de chauffage flexible en bande, composé de particules électro-conductrices en matériau PCT et d'un liant organique, isolant, plastique, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Elément de chauffage flexible en bande, composé de particules électro-conductrices en matériau PCT et d'un liant organique, isolant, plastique, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0123127A1
EP0123127A1 EP84103017A EP84103017A EP0123127A1 EP 0123127 A1 EP0123127 A1 EP 0123127A1 EP 84103017 A EP84103017 A EP 84103017A EP 84103017 A EP84103017 A EP 84103017A EP 0123127 A1 EP0123127 A1 EP 0123127A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
granules
heating element
flexible heating
flexible
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84103017A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter Dipl.-Ing. Ott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Bauelemente OHG, Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Publication of EP0123127A1 publication Critical patent/EP0123127A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flexible heating element in tape form, consisting of at least 50% by volume and at most 95% by volume of electrically conductive granules made of ceramic-made resistance material with a perovskite structure on the basis of barium titanate which is conductive by n- and / or p-doping and has a positive temperature coefficient of the resistance value (PTC material) and a binder made of flexible, organic, insulating plastic, in which the granules are embedded, together with which they form the tape and the granules protruding into the surfaces are ground to form grinding surfaces, and from current supply coverings the opposite surfaces of the tape, which are in contact with the grinding surfaces of the granules without a barrier layer and are connected to the binder at surface areas.
  • PTC material positive temperature coefficient of the resistance value
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a flexible heating element in tape form.
  • DE-OS 31 07 290 describes a heating device with a heating element for heating an object, in which the heating element contains ceramic particles which have a positive thermal coefficient of resistance and are distributed in a binder.
  • a binder insulating inorganic materials, which consist mainly of aluminum oxide.
  • Heat-resistant glass can also be used as a binder.
  • Organic insulating binders are also mentioned, such as heat-resistant silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, fluorinated rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxyethylene copolymer resins, fluorinated ethylene-propylene resins, polytetrafluoroethylene resins or the like.
  • the organic binders mixed with ground PTC ceramic particles and a suitable hardening agent are hardened according to methods known for such organic binders (plastics) and ground or cut with a grindstone in order to obtain a heating roller or a heating plate in the desired shape with the desired dimensions.
  • the PTC ceramic particles should preferably have a diameter in the range from 50 to 200 ⁇ m, but they can also have a particle size of 1 to 2 mm or even up to 3 mm.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic and enlarged view of a part of the known heating element of the known heating device, in which ceramic particles 16 and 17 obtained by breaking or crushing a PTC ceramic material are glued together with the aid of a binder 2, such as an organic binder.
  • a binder 2 such as an organic binder.
  • the ceramic particles 16 and 17 are distributed in the binder 2 in such a way that they are in mutual contact and therefore exhibit electrical conduction.
  • the entire heating element is electrically conductive, so that by applying a voltage to the heating element via the current supply pads 7 and 8, each ceramic particle 16 and 17 receives a voltage for generating heat.
  • the entire heating element shows PTC property that of that in the heating element distributed PTC ceramic filler should be similar.
  • the surfaces 3 and 4 in the known heating element are ground, so that the ceramic particles protruding there 16 receive grinding surfaces 5 and 6.
  • the ceramic particles (granules) 16 are contacted with the current supply coatings 7 and 8, for which purpose silver, copper or nickel is mentioned as the electrode material. These metals are deposited on the surfaces 3 and 4 of the heating element.
  • the multiple contact of the numerous particles made of PTC ceramic material creates current paths, which are denoted by 18. It can be seen that there are current transitions 19 at each boundary layer between two particles, which lead to an increase in the resistance.
  • the touch of the PTC ceramic particles 16 and 17 is, due to the circumstances of the particle dimensions and particle shapes, only point-like, so that the contact resistance is very high.
  • the known heating element is not intended for use in the case of the use of organic binders, but that the heating element is then formed on a cylindrical or flat supporting body and does not later change this shape.
  • PTC material as defined in the introductory part is well known to the experts working in this field and is described in DE-OS 31 07 290 with regard to all properties and possible variations.
  • PTC resistors made from PTC material (PTC resistors, which are ceramic-made bodies with a positive temperature coefficient) are known as heating elements with a self-thermostatic effect and are used for a wide variety of heating purposes, for example for soldering irons, in glue guns, that is Tools that contain a heating cartridge, which melt an organic adhesive, also for irons, heating plates and for preheating heating oil. Since such ceramic bodies made of PTC material are themselves poor heat conductors, the PTC thermistors required for heating purposes are made very thin, but there is then a risk of breakage during installation. In addition, there is a demand for exact plane parallelism of the bodies. Curved surfaces can therefore only be thermostatted with increased design effort.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop and improve the heating element described above as known in such a way that it is flexible, permits high heat utilization and can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the filling of the band with ceramic particles is to be dimensioned such that these particles do not touch one another, or only touch one another as little as possible, so that, as it were, a joint effect occurs when the band is bent.
  • the binder In the known heating element, the binder must be filled to a very high extent with granules in order to utilize all current paths as far as possible, so that there are possibly no completely isolated granules because the binder surrounds them.
  • the known heating element is therefore not flexible due to this degree of filling.
  • this does not matter for the known purpose, because - as stated - when using an organic binder, a permanent rigid support is used there.
  • the teaching of the present invention makes it possible to design the degree of filling as desired, and it is even desirable that the grains within the band do not touch one another because of the joint effect. Yet A high utilization of the current passed through for conversion into heat is guaranteed and contact resistance due to point contact of the granules does not occur.
  • the granules consist of a PTC material which has a nominal resistance at 25 ° C. of 10 ohms. cm to 10 kOhm cm, so that the heating element is as low-resistance as possible in the initial state of the heating effect and can develop the full heating output even at low currents.
  • a grain size of 0.5 to 4 mm, in particular 2 mm, is particularly advantageous because the band then also only has a thickness of this size and can therefore be applied well to curved or curved surfaces.
  • the granules can consist of densely sintered and re-ground PTC ceramic, which has been produced in a manner known per se, or the granules consist of porous granules made of PTC ceramic.
  • Such granules are produced by - as is known - first sintered in a reaction process at 900 - 1100 ° C, the starting materials for the PTC material, after which the reaction mixture after adding org.
  • Binder in the spray process vortex sintering process
  • the reaction material can also be converted into granules by adding organic binders and then passing through coarse-mesh sieves with subsequent sintering.
  • the current supply coverings advantageously consist of a metal providing a barrier-free contact on the PTC thermistor granules and are e.g. applied by the so-called "flame spraying process" (cf. US Pat. No. 3,676,211) or plasma process (sputtering) or by vapor deposition process (see, for example, German Pat. No. 1,415,406 corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,027,529).
  • the current supply pads can also advantageously consist of nickel or phosphorus-containing nickel applied without current. This type of junction-free contacting is described for example in DE-PS 24 33 458 or in US-PS 3586 534.
  • the contact pads preferably consist of metal foils, in particular lead foils, of thinly rolled, flexible metal sheet such as copper sheet, tinplate, of fine-meshed braids of thin wires (wire mesh) with a wire diameter of 0.2 to 1 mm or of adhesive plastic, which is formed by the incorporation of Conductive particles is electrically conductive and is in tape form or in the form of a paint application.
  • the contact pads are attached to the power supply coverings, for example by using a so-called conductive adhesive, as described in DE-AS 1 103 419, in which case tab-shaped power supply wires are also glued on.
  • the process for producing a flexible heating element is characterized according to the invention in that the amount of the granules is poured in one layer onto the flat bottom of a mold which is limited on all sides at the edges and is distributed there as evenly as possible, so that the mold is then poured out with the organic binder to be hardened, that the largest granules in diameter are just covered, that the binder is then cured and both surfaces are ground, for example lapped in a manner known per se, until the majority of the granules have grinding surfaces on both sides, after which the barrier-free current supply coatings are produced and then then the contact pads are attached.
  • the surfaces of the heating element are designated 3 and 4.
  • Power supply coatings 7 and 8 are applied to these surfaces by vapor deposition.
  • the binder 2 fills the spaces between the granules 16 and 17, from which the granules 16 protrude into the surfaces 3 and 4, respectively, and have grinding surfaces 5 and 6 there by grinding the surfaces.
  • the granules 17 are located inside the heating element, without touching the surfaces 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 1 current paths 18 are shown, the. show that the granules 16 and 17 touch each other only point-wise or in the best case small area and form current transitions 19. Very high contact resistances arise at these current transitions 19, which prevent efficient use of heat.
  • the surfaces of the heating element are also designated 3 and 4, and the binder 2 also fills the cavities between the granules, which are designated 1 here.
  • grinding surfaces 5 and 6 are also formed on the surfaces 1 and 3 on the granules 1.
  • the current supply pads 7 and 8 touch the granules 1 on both grinding surfaces 5 and 6, so that, as by means of current paths 18 shown that the grains are continuously flowed through by the current.
  • the granules are polycrystalline both as densely sintered and then ground PTC ceramics. This also applies to granules, which differ from densely sintered ceramics in that the granules are still porous. However, this does not matter for the formation of the current paths 18.
  • Granules 16 and 17 may also be present in accordance with the present invention, but the proportion of such granules is very small and is irrelevant for the passage of current, as is illustrated by a schematic example in FIG. 2.
  • the surface areas 9 and 10 of the binder 2, which together with the grinding surfaces 5 and 6 form the surfaces 3 and 4 of the heating element, are also connected to the current supply coverings 7 and 8.
  • the thickness of the heating element is designated 15. It can be seen that the thickness 15 and the dimensions of the granules 1 are coordinated with one another in accordance with the invention.
  • Contacting pads 11 and 12 are applied to and attached to the power supply pads 7 and 8, as described above.
  • the contact pads 11 and 12 are flexible and in this way ensure that when the flexible heating element is bent, the current supply pads 7 and 8 are always electrically contacted in the area of the grinding surfaces 5 and 6 of the granules 1.
  • the almost spherical granules 1 ensure, as it were, a hinge effect because they are in contact with one another only slightly or not at all within the heating element.
  • the power supply wires 13 and 14 are attached to the contact pads 11 and 12 and connect the heating element to the power source, as shown schematically.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
EP84103017A 1983-03-25 1984-03-19 Elément de chauffage flexible en bande, composé de particules électro-conductrices en matériau PCT et d'un liant organique, isolant, plastique, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP0123127A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833311051 DE3311051A1 (de) 1983-03-25 1983-03-25 Flexibles heizelement in bandform, das aus elektrisch leitfaehigen koernchen aus ptc-material und einem organischen isolierenden kunststoff als bindemittel besteht, und verfahren zur herstellung des flexiblen heizelementes
DE3311051 1983-03-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0123127A1 true EP0123127A1 (fr) 1984-10-31

Family

ID=6194740

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84103017A Withdrawn EP0123127A1 (fr) 1983-03-25 1984-03-19 Elément de chauffage flexible en bande, composé de particules électro-conductrices en matériau PCT et d'un liant organique, isolant, plastique, ainsi que son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0123127A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59180985A (fr)
DE (1) DE3311051A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101244995B1 (ko) * 2005-02-24 2013-03-18 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. 글리코마크로펩타이드로부터의 혈압 강하 펩타이드
CN112153911A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2020-12-29 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 具有加热涂层的气溶胶生成装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0158091B1 (fr) * 1984-02-29 1989-03-29 Buchtal GmbH Keramische Betriebe Elément chauffant d'enceinte, composé d'un support céramique recouvert d'une couche résistante, et son procédé de fabrication
NO850815L (no) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-30 Buchtal Gmbh Flatt, keramisk formlegeme som er forsynt med et elektrisk motstandsbelegg, og fremgangsmaate for innstilling av motstandsbeleggets motstandsverdi
JPS61143985A (ja) * 1984-12-18 1986-07-01 松下電器産業株式会社 発熱体
JPS61143981A (ja) * 1984-12-18 1986-07-01 松下電器産業株式会社 正抵抗温度係数発熱体
US5793276A (en) * 1995-07-25 1998-08-11 Tdk Corporation Organic PTC thermistor
DE19731164A1 (de) * 1997-07-21 1999-01-28 Walther Dr Menhardt Selbstregelndes Heizelement

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1436366A (fr) * 1965-05-28 1966-04-22 Ici Ltd éléments de chauffage flexibles
FR2320678A1 (fr) * 1975-08-04 1977-03-04 Raychem Corp Objet auto-chauffant muni d'electrodes en tissu
DE2619312A1 (de) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-28 Murata Manufacturing Co Halbleiter-heizelement
FR2368127A1 (fr) * 1976-10-15 1978-05-12 Raychem Corp Compositions a coefficient de temperature positif et dispositifs en comprenant
EP0065779A2 (fr) * 1981-05-25 1982-12-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Element de chauffage
EP0100715A1 (fr) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-15 Thomson-Csf Dispositif de dégivrage utilisable sur un capteur d'incidence aérodynamique

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1436366A (fr) * 1965-05-28 1966-04-22 Ici Ltd éléments de chauffage flexibles
FR2320678A1 (fr) * 1975-08-04 1977-03-04 Raychem Corp Objet auto-chauffant muni d'electrodes en tissu
DE2619312A1 (de) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-28 Murata Manufacturing Co Halbleiter-heizelement
FR2368127A1 (fr) * 1976-10-15 1978-05-12 Raychem Corp Compositions a coefficient de temperature positif et dispositifs en comprenant
EP0065779A2 (fr) * 1981-05-25 1982-12-01 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Element de chauffage
EP0100715A1 (fr) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-15 Thomson-Csf Dispositif de dégivrage utilisable sur un capteur d'incidence aérodynamique

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101244995B1 (ko) * 2005-02-24 2013-03-18 디에스엠 아이피 어셋츠 비.브이. 글리코마크로펩타이드로부터의 혈압 강하 펩타이드
CN112153911A (zh) * 2018-06-14 2020-12-29 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 具有加热涂层的气溶胶生成装置
US11930849B2 (en) 2018-06-14 2024-03-19 Philip Morris Products S.A. Aerosol-generating device with heating coating

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3311051A1 (de) 1984-09-27
JPS59180985A (ja) 1984-10-15

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Inventor name: OTT, GUENTER, DIPL.-ING.