EP0120249A1 - Maison préfabriquée - Google Patents

Maison préfabriquée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0120249A1
EP0120249A1 EP84101375A EP84101375A EP0120249A1 EP 0120249 A1 EP0120249 A1 EP 0120249A1 EP 84101375 A EP84101375 A EP 84101375A EP 84101375 A EP84101375 A EP 84101375A EP 0120249 A1 EP0120249 A1 EP 0120249A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall elements
house
section
prefabricated house
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84101375A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter Hehl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0120249A1 publication Critical patent/EP0120249A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated house with an at least one axis of symmetry, preferably rectangular, square or polygonal plan, a fixed foundation and with the foundation following the plan and the wall elements set up against each other.
  • the invention has for its object to develop a prefabricated house of the type mentioned in such a way that it can be prefabricated to a greater extent than before and accordingly can be set up more quickly and easily, the total production costs compared to houses with a comparable amount of space should be considerably reduced.
  • this object is achieved in that, in the vertical section, identical wall elements, each having a side wall section which determines the room height, an adjoining, in particular inclined roof section and an upper vertical edge section emanating therefrom, in the installed state, at least in the region of their upper edge sections are clamped together, the upper edge sections forming a central roof opening that allows sufficient light to enter the house, which is closed by a translucent cover.
  • a prefabricated house with wall elements is created, which are put together according to the principle of a vault and support each other in their stability when set up.
  • the use of this vaulting principle gives rise to various important advantages, namely the saving of a special roof structure and, above all, the possibility of dispensing with supporting pillars or walls in the interior of the prefabricated house, since the vault is self-contained and does not require any special supports. Due to this feature, the floor plan can be divided Design individually in the prefabricated house in any variation.
  • the wall elements in particular pre-assembled, combined wall element groups, can correspond to a sector of the plan view in plan view and can be formed on their side edges with connecting or abutting surfaces lying in the corresponding miter cut lines of the sectors, the wall elements being arranged in the manner of a vault and at least are secured against each other at their upper edge sections.
  • the width of the wall elements is preferably limited to transportable dimensions of approx. 2 m and is formed with connecting or butting surfaces perpendicular to the width, the wall elements belonging to the corner areas of the house at their upper end in the area of the roof section each having a corresponding miter cut line have lying pad.
  • This dimensioning of the wall elements to transportable sizes can of course be achieved particularly easily and very largely with a rectangular or square floor plan.
  • all the main advantages are also available with another, e.g. reached polygonal plan, in which case the sector-shaped wall elements are suitably subdivided for the purpose of portability and are combined into wall element groups before the vault is assembled.
  • the upper edge portions of the wall elements When assembled, the upper edge portions of the wall elements can form a rectangular, square, polygonal or round roof opening, with rectangular roof openings generally being preferred because they use commercially available and simple covers, e.g. a transparent acrylic glass dome, and because the top edge sections of the wall elements, which are joined at right angles to one another, can be mutually secured by simple tie rods that extend along one side of the rectangle.
  • rectangular roof openings generally being preferred because they use commercially available and simple covers, e.g. a transparent acrylic glass dome, and because the top edge sections of the wall elements, which are joined at right angles to one another, can be mutually secured by simple tie rods that extend along one side of the rectangle.
  • the transition between the vertical side wall section and the roof section can be formed either at an angle or continuously in the manner of an arched arch, with any desired intermediate steps also being conceivable, if advantageous.
  • the profile of the wall elements preferably comprises a vertical section which determines the room height of 2.5 m, to which an arbitrarily inclined roof section connects, from which the vertical, short roof section then adjoins upwards.
  • the top roof opening if made square, can have a side length of e.g. Have 4 m, so that, as with an atrium house, a medium incidence of light is guaranteed.
  • All rooms are adequately illuminated via this central light incidence opening, whereby it is basically possible, like in a real atrium house, to draw walls with windows towards the inner courtyard, which should be superfluous, however, as this inner courtyard is covered by the glass dome at the top for the purpose of thermal insulation can be double-skin, for example in the outer shell with rotating glass.
  • the house is due to its sufficient exposure from above for accommodation in the ground when the wall elements are waterproof, insulated and designed with a strength so that it withstands an earth filling of the house up to about the top of the central edge section .
  • prefabricated houses according to the invention are preferably also suitable for areas where, despite individually desired individual construction, the landscape is not to be impaired or is no longer to be appreciably impaired.
  • the foundation or floor slab of the house can be placed about 1 meter deep into the ground, the resulting excavation being used for filling, so that a gentle hill with vegetation is formed, from which only the glass dome or a other cover protrudes upwards.
  • This design also enables extremely efficient utilization of building land from the point of view that several prefabricated houses according to the invention can be stacked together, be it in the manner of terraced houses or also larger "connected" clusters of houses, in which each house has only one side wall Edge of the pile is in which the front door is then housed.
  • a wall element provided with an access opening as a front door is kept free of the earth filling by a tunnel element set up in front and connected in a sealed manner, wherein the tunnel element can have protruded upper and lateral projections for retaining the earth filling.
  • the wall elements are made of reinforced prestressed concrete, the connecting joints which are formed between the wall elements being cast or sprayed out by insulating and sealing means.
  • the wall elements belonging to a house side are expediently set up in the area of the vertical side ;
  • Wall sections are braced against one another by means of at least one tie rod extending through prepared longitudinal openings that are aligned with one another, the wall elements belonging to a house side and provided with an upper edge section forming a roof opening being additionally braced to form a group of wall elements by means of at least one tie rod extending through prepared longitudinal openings aligned with one another .
  • the wall elements belonging to a house side can be leaned in place against a provisionally constructed trestle in their correct, final direction of extension, so that the through openings prepared in the individual wall elements come into alignment with one another at the level of the side wall sections.
  • a tie rod is then inserted through these openings and tightened by screwing at the end, so that they are installed in a row Wall elements braced against each other and the butt joints between them are kept as small as possible.
  • the wall elements provided with an upper edge section can additionally be braced there with a tie rod.
  • recesses can be provided in the side wall sections of certain wall elements, which start from a vertical side wall and are arranged at the level of the horizontal through openings.
  • the coupling piece may contain, for example, coaxial threaded openings with opposite thread pitch that are screwed onto the corresponding threaded ends of the tie rods.
  • each side of the house with at least one adjacent side of the house, in particular in the area of the upper edge sections, is braced by tie rods and if for this purpose the upper edge section of a wall element belonging to a corner of the roof opening is widened by an edge section thickness in order to in a transverse opening of this widened edge section to take up the edge sections of the adjacent tie rod.
  • the vertical side wall section of a wall element belonging to a corner of the house can be widened by the thickness of the side wall and can be provided with a transverse opening in the area of the widening in order to accommodate the tie rod running through the wall elements of the adjacent house side that completes this corner.
  • the wall elements can consist of a welded steel structure with an outer shell, an inner shell and a load-bearing structure, wherein the interior space between the two shells can be foamed. Construction and manufacture of such wall elements are similar to shipbuilding, so that even in the case of the prefabricated house, the wall elements can be welded to one another in the erected state, so that subsequent sealing and insulation of the joints is unnecessary.
  • the walls of the house in the area of the side wall sections can be provided with an all-round hollow space through lightweight construction walls placed in front, which at least at one point are connected to a ventilation pipe led upwards through the earth filling and also for Inclusion of all supply. lines for electricity, heating and ventilation is provided.
  • Thermal insulation and heating requirements are directly related to the earth cover of the prefabricated house, because on the one hand the layer of earth enveloping the house makes the outside temperature even, and on the other hand, in the winter months that are crucial for heating, the layer of earth basically provides better thermal insulation than one of the heat radiation, wind and rain (evaporative cold) exposed outer wall.
  • the layer of earth basically provides better thermal insulation than one of the heat radiation, wind and rain (evaporative cold) exposed outer wall.
  • the middle roof opening can be covered by a skylight dome, preferably made of transparent plastic, which may also be used to vent the house.
  • a rectangular, elongated roof opening is preferably also provided, the opposing wall elements in the region of the roof opening being supported against one another by transverse crucibles inserted and connected to the opposite edge sections.
  • the prefabricated construction according to the invention also enables the house to be set up on a ground-level or elevated foundation plate, with at least selected wall elements in the free-standing prefabricated house are provided with windows in the area of the inclined roof sections, in particular with multi-layer, sealed window elements.
  • wall elements 12 are assembled according to FIG. 1 to form a prefabricated house, each one vertical side wall portion 16, an inclined roof portion 18 and an upper edge portion 2o.
  • angled connections shown at both ends of the roof section 18 curved or arched transitions to the side wall section 16 or to the upper edge section 20 can also be provided.
  • the straight course is chosen for reasons of the simplified formwork for the prefabricated elements consisting predominantly of concrete and also because of the later simplified assembly.
  • the upper, generally vertical edge portions 20 of the wall elements form a central roof opening 22 in the installed state of the prefabricated house, which, regardless of the shape of the house, e.g. 5 polygonal, corresponding to FIG. 6 circular or corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 3 square and covered and sealed with a transparent light dome 7o of the usual type, which may also serve for ventilation.
  • straight, rectangular wall elements 12 are provided in plan view, the width of which is limited to transportable dimensions of approximately 2 m.
  • These prefabricated wall elements 12 are set up side by side with abutting surfaces 24 at right angles to their wall surfaces and braced with one another along a house side by tie rods.
  • two tie rods are provided along each side of the house, the Tie rod 3o runs through aligned longitudinal openings 28 in the upper edge sections 2o, while a lower tie rod 42 passes through longitudinal openings 4o in the side wall sections 16 of the wall elements.
  • pre-combined wall element groups can be formed, which can initially be viewed as a unit along one side of the house.
  • the other wall element 12 which belongs to the same corner of the roof opening 22, has the same width as the wall element 12a, but is provided on the upper edge section 2o on one side with a recess 44 which corresponds approximately to the outline profile of the upper edge section 2o of the other wall element 12a.
  • This configuration is expedient or also necessary in order to use a small number of different forms of formwork for the finished parts to get along, especially since with a precisely square or rectangular outline of the house and also the upper roof opening, there are simple shapes for the wall elements in the corner area without an edge section, which are repeated eight times for each house, taking into account the mirror symmetry, which is true if for the Wall elements 34, 36 without an upper edge section, their upper, inclined connecting or abutting surfaces 38 coincide with the respective miter cut line 26.
  • the width of the wall elements 34 and 36 for the corner areas is limited to transportable dimensions of approximately 2 m.
  • the side wall section 16 of the wall element 36a has an end section 48 which extends beyond the miter cut line 26, while the other wall element 36 belonging to the corner contains a recess corresponding to the widened end section 48.
  • tie rods 3o are first inserted through the aligned longitudinal openings 28 in the upper edge sections 2o, and clamped to the wall elements by means of screw nuts.
  • the widened edge section 2o of the wall element 12a contains a transverse opening which is aligned with the longitudinal openings 28 for alignment comes to insert the end of the tie rod 3o there too.
  • each upper edge section 20 preferably has two longitudinal openings 28 which are arranged at a vertical distance from one another. In this way, the tie rods can be drawn in at different heights in the side walls bordering the corner and do not interfere with each other.
  • recesses 72 can be formed in certain wall elements 12 or 12a, which lie in the region of the longitudinal openings 4o and thus make the tie rod 42 accessible there.
  • the arrangement can, for example, be such that the wall elements 12, 12a are first put together, which also together form the upper roof opening 22.
  • the tie rod required for this can be tightened and tensioned with a nut, not shown, within the recess 72 of the wall element 12.
  • a turnbuckle or other coupling device 74 can be screwed onto a free threaded section of this tie rod, which at the other end establishes the connection to the tie rod extension 42, possibly with the help of threaded ends of the adjacent tie rods with opposite pitch, so that ultimately all wall elements belonging to a house side wall including the wall elements in the corner area 34, 36 are clamped together. Possibly. a continuous tie rod can also be pulled through all wall elements on one side of the house. Also in the area of the side wall sections 16 the longitudinal openings 4o are preferably arranged twice at a certain vertical distance from one another, so that in one house side wall the tie rod 42 is pulled through the lower longitudinal openings in the adjacent house side wall of the tie rod 42 through the somewhat higher longitudinal openings. The bracing shown is sufficient to tightly brace the wall elements 34, 36 which are already supported against one another in the corner region.
  • a recess is provided on a house side in the side wall section of two adjacent wall elements 12, which together form a door opening or access opening 54.
  • a tunnel element 56 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is set up in front of the access opening 54, which has a circumferential projection 58 at the front end, around the earth with sufficient security hold back.
  • a rectangular roof opening 22 is also provided for a house with a rectangular plan. Since the principle of the mutually supporting vaulted elements is no longer applicable to such roof openings and the tension forces generated with the aid of the tie rods, in particular along the larger sides of the rectangle, may not be sufficient for secure support, there are two between the upper edge sections 20 according to FIG. 4 opposite wall elements 12 a crossbar 78 installed or screwed to the edge portions 2o. Otherwise, the bracing of the wall elements can 4 in the same way as described in connection with FIG. 3 above.
  • the vaulting principle of the mutually supporting wall elements is largely implemented, so that here tensioning by means of tie rods can be dispensed with in the region of the roof opening or the vertical edge sections 20 forming this.
  • a prefabricated ring element not shown, e.g. made of steel, can be provided, which is initially held at the height of the roof opening and against which the wall elements are attached and, if necessary, fastened with suitable connecting means.
  • the wall elements are designed with two shells, at least in the vertical region of the side wall section 16, a preferably all-round cavity 62 being formed between the internal heat insulation 46 and light-weight walls 6o in front of it, in which all supply lines 66 for electricity, heating and Ventilation are performed.
  • the cavity 62 serves both for further insulation and for air conditioning the house.
  • heat exchanger surfaces 68 for a heat pump used to heat the house can be arranged.
  • the prefabricated house according to the invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown and described, but also includes all modifications and refinements within the scope of the inventive concept.
  • interlocking connections can also be provided. If it makes sense for wall elements with earth filling or in free installation, materials other than concrete and steel can also be used, for example plastics or their combination with one of the aforementioned substances.
  • ventilation of the house via "the central skylight dome 7o is not possible or is not sufficient, further independent ventilation can take place via the supply air exhaust pipe 64 shown in FIG. 1, which is connected to the lines in the cavity 62.
  • the prefabricated house according to the invention is as an air-raid shelter or shelter.
  • the prefabricated elements possibly with a larger wall thickness, are shaped in such a way that a practically complete vault is created and the otherwise provided central roof opening disappears or only space is left for accommodating ventilation pipes.
  • the middle area of the prefabricated house can be stiffened by subsequently inserted struts, pillars or retaining walls in this form of application. It also makes sense to dig such a prefabricated house without an exposure opening deeper into the ground.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
EP84101375A 1983-02-10 1984-02-10 Maison préfabriquée Withdrawn EP0120249A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833304517 DE3304517A1 (de) 1983-02-10 1983-02-10 Fertighaus
DE3304517 1983-02-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0120249A1 true EP0120249A1 (fr) 1984-10-03

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ID=6190462

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84101375A Withdrawn EP0120249A1 (fr) 1983-02-10 1984-02-10 Maison préfabriquée

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EP (1) EP0120249A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3304517A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4106810A1 (de) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-10 Helmut Dr Wuerfel Wohngebaeude mit geringem heizenergiebedarf
WO1998038395A1 (fr) 1997-02-25 1998-09-03 Reinaldo Perez Rayon Module d'habitation prefabrique empilable
EP1253264A1 (fr) * 2001-04-27 2002-10-30 Markus Grundisch Bâtiment

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2711162B1 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1999-02-05 Charles Ahime Procédé de construction de bâtiments enterrés.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3562975A (en) * 1969-01-14 1971-02-16 Charles W Moss Prefabricated shelter and method of erecting same
FR2151717A5 (fr) * 1971-09-10 1973-04-20 Modiano Ralphe
GB2035433A (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-06-18 Hill R Concrete container for liquid
US4290246A (en) * 1978-11-22 1981-09-22 Hilsey Arthur F Multi-purpose precast concrete panels, and methods of constructing concrete structures employing the same
US4352260A (en) * 1980-03-14 1982-10-05 Pearcey Leroy G Underground house and construction method

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT14116B (fr) * 1901-12-16 1903-11-25 Jan Kulhanek
DE1914825U (de) * 1964-12-05 1965-04-29 Konrad Hohmann Bauelementensatz fuer hallen mit gerundetem grundriss.
US3553923A (en) * 1968-09-13 1971-01-12 Leon E D Dompas Method of precompressing and erecting a modular structure
DE2250297A1 (de) * 1972-09-15 1974-05-02 Axel Stelter Multifunktionelles fertigteilbausystem

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3562975A (en) * 1969-01-14 1971-02-16 Charles W Moss Prefabricated shelter and method of erecting same
FR2151717A5 (fr) * 1971-09-10 1973-04-20 Modiano Ralphe
GB2035433A (en) * 1978-10-25 1980-06-18 Hill R Concrete container for liquid
US4290246A (en) * 1978-11-22 1981-09-22 Hilsey Arthur F Multi-purpose precast concrete panels, and methods of constructing concrete structures employing the same
US4352260A (en) * 1980-03-14 1982-10-05 Pearcey Leroy G Underground house and construction method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4106810A1 (de) * 1991-03-04 1992-09-10 Helmut Dr Wuerfel Wohngebaeude mit geringem heizenergiebedarf
WO1998038395A1 (fr) 1997-02-25 1998-09-03 Reinaldo Perez Rayon Module d'habitation prefabrique empilable
EP1253264A1 (fr) * 2001-04-27 2002-10-30 Markus Grundisch Bâtiment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3304517A1 (de) 1984-08-16

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