EP0116293B1 - Modulationssystem für Eisenbahnstromkreise - Google Patents

Modulationssystem für Eisenbahnstromkreise Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116293B1
EP0116293B1 EP84100273A EP84100273A EP0116293B1 EP 0116293 B1 EP0116293 B1 EP 0116293B1 EP 84100273 A EP84100273 A EP 84100273A EP 84100273 A EP84100273 A EP 84100273A EP 0116293 B1 EP0116293 B1 EP 0116293B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier frequency
output
modulation
modulator
shift register
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84100273A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0116293A1 (de
Inventor
Claude Pontier
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Alstom SA
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Alstom SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alstom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Publication of EP0116293A1 publication Critical patent/EP0116293A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/18—Railway track circuits
    • B61L1/181—Details
    • B61L1/188—Use of coded current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to modulation systems for rail track circuits, making it possible to make as low as desired their probability of disturbance by parasitic currents, to which the devices used are subjected in operation.
  • Track circuits are devices very old and widely used in railway technology to ensure the absence of trains in a specific portion of track.
  • the principle of track circuits is based on the division of a railroad into successive cantons isolated from each other by pairs of joints or electrical separation devices creating an electrical discontinuity in each of the rails.
  • An electrical signal transmitter is arranged to be connected to the two rails at one end of the block and a receiver of the same signals having passed through the rails is arranged at the other end of the same block between the two rails also.
  • a train entering the canton entrance on the receiver side causes a short circuit of the signals by the electric rail-axle link of the train and this short circuit of the signals detected by the receiver causes a change in signaling state, lights, for example, turning red at the entrance to the train in the block and thus preventing the next train from entering the block as long as the block is occupied by the train preceding it.
  • the modulation systems of the track circuits used up to now can be, for example, either of the type of pulse modulation (see for example the document FR-A-1 007 492), or of the type of sinusoidal carrier frequency modulated in amplitude or frequency (see for example document FR-A-2 118 946).
  • pulse modulation these are generated by the channel transmitter of a block with a certain polarity, the pulses having a particular recurrence frequency, while the transmitter of the adjacent block generates pulses of 'reverse polarity, the pulses having a slightly different frequency of recurrence.
  • the carrier frequency is different from one canton to another as well as the modulation frequency.
  • pulse modulation or modulation of the sinusoidal carrier the information to be transmitted which leads to state one or zero state of the signaling depends either on the pulse polarity and its amplitude or on the torque carrier frequency-modulation frequency and its amplitude.
  • the receiver detects an absence of pulse, a reverse pulse polarity or an insufficient amplitude, in the case of pulse modulation, the receiver changes the signal to red.
  • the receiver detects an absence of carrier or an insufficient amplitude of carrier or an incorrect modulation frequency in the case of amplitude or frequency modulations, the receiver changes the signal to red also.
  • the modulation systems of conventional track circuits have the disadvantage of not being reliable enough from the safety point of view. Indeed, the ever increasing power of modern traction motors and ancillary electrotechnical bodies such as converters of all types (current, voltage, frequency) leads to the production of parasitic currents of increasingly high level and forms of increasing complexity. .
  • the modulation signals used in conventional systems are fixed and have immutable characteristics. It is obvious that a parasitic signal in the frequency band used by the track circuit and similar to the signals used, can cause in the receiver the transition to a state reverse of the state commanding the stop of the trains which can lead to disasters.
  • the modulation system of the present invention overcomes this drawback. This in fact provides very high security due to the insignificant probability of identification error which is obtained.
  • Figure 1 shows an electrical block diagram of a channel circuit transmitter modulated by a pseudo-random binary series generator.
  • FIG. 2 represents a block diagram of a channel circuit receiver modulated by signals coded by the pseudo-random binary series having crossed the channel.
  • the bit introduced at entry 12 of register 10 for each period of the clock is obtained by adding modulo 2 by means of three EXCLUSIVE OR 13, 14, 15 in this example connected to stages 1, 3, 5 and 6 of the register 10. It should be noted that in another transmitter the EXCLUSIVE OUs 13, 14, 15 would be connected to other stages of register 10 with the exception of stage 6 which is still used.
  • the bit present at the output 16 of the register 10 at each period of the clock 11 constitutes the continuation of the binary pseudo-random series being generated.
  • Such a device generates for a length n of the shift register 10 and certain combinations of the modules OR EXCLUSIVE a linear periodic binary series of length 2 "- 'bits.
  • the theory of polynomials indeed shows that if we consider the binary numbers of n bits contained at each instant in the shift register 10 all the possible numbers except 0 ... 0 appear successively once and only once in each period of the series in an order which depends on the number and location of the modules. Therefore if we know the length n of the shift register 10, the number and location of the modules and the number it contains at a given time, it is possible to predict its successive future contents and therefore the series issued.
  • the output 16 of the register 10 communicates with a modulator or a pulse generator 17 delivering a signal to a power amplifier 18 in order to amplify it.
  • a modulator 17 the signal consists of a carrier frequency of value 1000 Hz for example, modulated in amplitude or in frequency by a modulating frequency FI of value 12 Hz for example when a bit "one" is present at the output 16 of the register 10 and by a modulating frequency F2 of value 17 Hz for example when a "zero" bit is present at the output 16 of the register 10.
  • the signal consists of pulses, for example rectangular, with positive polarity, for example when a bit "one" is present at output 16 of register 10 and with negative polarity, for example, when a "zero" bit is present at output 16 of register 10.
  • the modulated signal amplified by the amplifier 18 at the power level required for the operation of the track circuit, is injected into the track, at one end of the portion of track in which it is desired to ensure the absence of the train , by the output 19 of the amplifier 18.
  • FIG. 2 shows the track circuit receiver corresponding to the transmitter which has just been described.
  • the receiver is connected to the track by its input 20 at the end opposite the transmitter of the track portion in which it is desired to ensure the absence of the train.
  • the signal present at the input 20 of the receiver is first filtered in a filter 21.
  • the filter 21 is adapted to the width of the pulses and to their frequency of recurrence.
  • the filter 21 is a bandpass filter centered on the carrier frequency.
  • the signal is then demodulated in the demodulator 22.
  • the latter consists of active elements such as diodes for example.
  • the register 100 comprises the same number of modules OR EXCLUSIVE 130,140 and 150 connected to the same stages 1, 3, 5 and 6 of the register 100 as modules 13, 14 and 15 of register 10 of the transmitter.
  • the polynomial theory shows that after a synchronization period of duration at most equal to n bits (n being the length of the registers), the bit existing at the output 24 of the modules 130, 140 and 150 is the same as that which will be received at the output 23 of the demodulator 22 at the following period of the clock 11 of the transmitter. This equality is controlled by the comparator 25.
  • the bits present at the inputs 23 and 24 of this comparator are 1 and 1 or O and O its output 26 delivers the state 1 which means that the comparison is correct.
  • the bits present at inputs 23 and 24 of comparator 25 are 1 and 0 or 0 and 1, output 26 of comparator is in logic state 0, which means that the comparison is incorrect.
  • the output 26 of the comparator 25 is applied to an attraction timer 27 which controls the relay 28 for outputting the receiver of the track circuit, the contacts 29 of which control the lighting of the lamps of the input signal in the track circuit.
  • the delay time delay of the timer 27 is fixed so that the relay 28 is only energized after a certain number m of successive exact comparisons. It is chosen so as to obtain the desired probability of error in identifying the pseudo-random binary series provided for the channel circuit considered.
  • the applications of the present invention are in the field of rail transport and in particular rail control and safety.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Modulationssystem für Eisenbahnstromkreise, mit einem Sender mit Impulsmodulator (10-17) zur Erzeugung einer Reihe von Impulsen mit positiver und negativer Polarität, die an den Eingang eines Eisenbahnstromkreises anlegbar ist, und einem Empfänger mit Detektormitteln zur Erfassung der am Ausgang des Eisenbahnstromkreises erscheinenden Impulse, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modulator (10-17) einen Generator (10, 15) zur Erzeugung mindestens einer binären Pseudozufallsfolge aufweist, deren Bits mit Wert "1" die Impulse einer der beiden Polaritäten erzeugen, und deren Bits mit Wert "0" die Impulse der anderen Polarität erzeugen.
2. Modulationssystem für Eisenbahnstromkreise mit einem Sender, der einen Trägerfrequenzgenerator und einen Modulator (17) zur Modulation der Trägerfrequenz mit einer ersten oder einer zweiten Modulationsfrequenz aufweist, wobei das modulierte Trägerfrequenzsignal an den Eingang eines Eisenbahnstromkreises anlegbar ist, und.
einem Empfänger mit Detektormitteln (20-22) zur Erfassung des am Ausgang des Eisenbahnstromkreises erscheinenden modulierten Trägerfrequenzsignals, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modulator (10-17) einen Generator (10-15) zur Erzeugung mindestens einer binären Pseudozufallsfolge aufweist, deren Bits mit Wert "1" die Modulation der Trägerfrequenz mit der ersten Modulationsfrequenz bewirken, und deren Bits mit Wert "0" die Modulation der Trägerfrequenz mit der zweiten Trägerfrequenz bewirken.
3. Modulationssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die binären Pseudozufallsfolgen für die durch aufeinanderfolgende Gleisabschnitte gebildeten Eisenbahnstom, kreise unterschiedlich sind und daß der Generator zur Erzeugung der binären Pseudozufallsfolge aus einem Schieberegister (10), welches durch einen Taktgeber (11) inkrementiert wird, und aus Exklusiv-ODER-Moduln besteht, welche dem Eingang des Schieberegisters einen Binärwert zuführen, der aus der Kombination der Bitwerte bestimmter Registerstufen resultiert, wobei die Auswahl dieser Stufen (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) für jede binäre Pseudozufallsfolge eine andere ist.
4. Modulationssystem nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modulator am Ausgang der letzten Stufe des Schieberegisters (10) einen Generator (17) für Impulse variabler Polarität besitzt, gefolgt von einem Leistungsverstärker (18), welcher verstärkte Impulse in den Stromkreis liefert, wobei der Impulsgenerator (17) einen positiven Impuls abgibt, wenn das Bit am Schieberegisterausgang den Wert "1" hat, und einen negativen Impuls, wenn das Bit am Ausgang des Schieberegisters (10) den Wert "O" hat.
5. Modulationssystem nach den Ansprüchen 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modulator (17) mit dem Ausgang der letzten Stufe (6) des Schieberegisters verbunden ist, gefolgt, von einem Leistungsverstärker (18), welcher die modulierten Trägerfrequenzsignale in den Bahnstromkreis liefert, wobei der Modulator (17) Trägerfrequenzsignale liefert, die mit der ersten Modulationsfrequenz moduliert werden, wenn das Bit am Schieberegisterausgang den Wert "1" hat, und mit der zweiten Modulationsfrequenz, wenn das Bit am Schieberegisterausgang den Wert "0" hat.
6. Modulationssystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modulator (17) der Trägerfrequenzsignale mit Amplitudenmodulation arbeitet, um die modulierten Trägerfrequenzsignale zu erzeugen.
7. Modulationssystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Modulator (17) der Trägerfrequenzsignale mit Frequenzmodulation arbeitet, um die modulierten Trägerfrequenzsignale zu erzeugen.
8. Modulationssystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Empfänger einen zyklischen Kodegenerator aufweist, der aus einem Schieberegister (100) besteht, das mit demjenigen des zugehörigen Senders identisch ist, und dessen Exklusiv-ODER-Module (130,140,150) an die gleichen Stufen des Registers in der gleichen Verteilung geschaltet sind, wobei das Ausgangssignal des Schieberegisters in einem Komparator (25) mit der binären Pseudozufallsfolge verglichen wird, welche von den Detektormitteln geliefert wird.
9. Modulationssystem nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Komparator (25) ein Zeitverzögerungsglied (27) nachgeschaltet ist, das ein Relais (28) am Ausgang des Empfängers verzögert anziehen läßt, wobei das Zeitverzögerungsglied (27) eine Zeitverzögerung von einer Größe besitzt, daß die gewünschte, dem betreffenden Bahnstromkreis zugewiesene 1dentifikationsfehlerwahrscheinlichkeit erreicht wird.
EP84100273A 1983-01-13 1984-01-12 Modulationssystem für Eisenbahnstromkreise Expired EP0116293B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8300429 1983-01-13
FR8300429A FR2539372A1 (fr) 1983-01-13 1983-01-13 Systemes de modulation pour circuits de voie ferroviaires

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116293A1 EP0116293A1 (de) 1984-08-22
EP0116293B1 true EP0116293B1 (de) 1988-07-20

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EP84100273A Expired EP0116293B1 (de) 1983-01-13 1984-01-12 Modulationssystem für Eisenbahnstromkreise

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US (1) US4582279A (de)
EP (1) EP0116293B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3472779D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8504582A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2539372A1 (de)

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US4878638A (en) * 1987-01-12 1989-11-07 General Signal Corporation Combination frequency loop coupling for railway track signalling
IT1225716B (it) * 1988-10-26 1990-11-22 Esacontrol Spa Dispositivo per la protezione dei rele' di binario dai disturbi elettrici
AT397792B (de) * 1990-06-05 1994-06-27 Manfred Dipl Ing Uttenthaler Signalanlage zur sicherung eines eingleisigen streckenabschnittes
US5354983A (en) * 1990-04-10 1994-10-11 Auto-Sense, Limited Object detector utilizing a threshold detection distance and suppression means for detecting the presence of a motor vehicle
US5417388A (en) * 1993-07-15 1995-05-23 Stillwell; William R. Train detection circuit
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KR970049929A (ko) * 1995-12-30 1997-07-29 김광호 디지탈 방식을 이용한 차종 분류 방법 및 그에 따른 장치
DE19624192A1 (de) * 1996-06-18 1998-01-02 Doehler Peter Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zum Übertragen von digitalen Steuerdaten
JP3430857B2 (ja) * 1997-05-15 2003-07-28 株式会社日立製作所 列車在線検知システム及び列車在線検知方法
GB0127927D0 (en) * 2001-11-21 2002-01-16 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Railway track circuits
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IT1394803B1 (it) * 2009-07-14 2012-07-13 Sirti Spa Metodo e apparato per la determinazione dello stato di occupazione di un circuito di binario in una linea ferroviaria, tramite decodifica sequenziale
US8590844B2 (en) 2009-07-17 2013-11-26 Siemens Rail Auotmation Corporation Track circuit communications
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US8660215B2 (en) 2010-03-16 2014-02-25 Siemens Rail Automation Corporation Decoding algorithm for frequency shift key communications
US8297558B2 (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-10-30 Safetran Systems Corporation Crossing predictor with authorized track speed input
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES528870A0 (es) 1985-04-16
FR2539372B1 (de) 1985-03-15
ES8504582A1 (es) 1985-04-16
EP0116293A1 (de) 1984-08-22
US4582279A (en) 1986-04-15
DE3472779D1 (en) 1988-08-25
FR2539372A1 (fr) 1984-07-20

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