EP0113661A2 - Verfahren zum Erstellen von Fahrbahnen und vorgefertigte Einheiten hierfür - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Erstellen von Fahrbahnen und vorgefertigte Einheiten hierfür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0113661A2
EP0113661A2 EP84100045A EP84100045A EP0113661A2 EP 0113661 A2 EP0113661 A2 EP 0113661A2 EP 84100045 A EP84100045 A EP 84100045A EP 84100045 A EP84100045 A EP 84100045A EP 0113661 A2 EP0113661 A2 EP 0113661A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
filler
element according
pillars
slabs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84100045A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0113661A3 (de
Inventor
Miron Tuval
Andre Wexler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0113661A2 publication Critical patent/EP0113661A2/de
Publication of EP0113661A3 publication Critical patent/EP0113661A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
    • E01D15/133—Portable or sectional bridges built-up from readily separable standardised sections or elements, e.g. Bailey bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/001—Pavings made of prefabricated single units on prefabricated supporting structures or prefabricated foundation elements except coverings made of layers of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E01C5/08—Reinforced units with steel frames
    • E01C5/10—Prestressed reinforced units ; Prestressed coverings from reinforced or non-reinforced units
    • E01C5/105—Prestressed reinforced units ; Prestressed coverings from reinforced or non-reinforced units on prefabricated supporting structures or prefabricated foundation elements, except coverings made of layers of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D1/00—Bridges in general
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/28—Concrete reinforced prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30—Metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/30—Metal
    • E01D2101/34—Metal non-ferrous, e.g. aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns novel structural elements and their use in construction in general including the construction of roads, runways, motorways, viaducts, aqueducts and the like, all to be referred to collectively as "roadways”.
  • a struc- tural element comprising a rigid shell, a free-flowing filler material within the shell and at least one reinforcing rod or cable extending across the filler and tying at least two opposite walls of the shell.
  • the free-flowing filler material of a structural element according to the invention may be granular solid, e.g. sand; clay and the like or a liquid such as water.
  • the filler is a free- flowing granular material such as sand, it is preferably moistened by liquid lubricant, e.g. water, which enables to maximize the dense packing of the filler.
  • Structural elements according to the invention may be in the form of slabs, panels, beams, blocks, walls, pillars with or.without headplates, etc.
  • the reinforcing rods or cables in structural elements according to the invention may be prestressed, post-stressed or not stressed at all.
  • the shell may be of any suitable rigid material having the desired mechanical properties such as, for example, concrete, iron, steel, aluminium and the like.
  • the structural elements according to the invention may be prefabricated or may be made in situ. Whether the one or the other way is preferred will depend on the surrounding circumstances such as size of the elements and their cost of transportation.
  • the shell without one of its walls with the reinforcing cable (s) or rod (s) anchored in one or more existing walls.
  • the rod (s) or cable (s) may be prestressed or post-stressed or remain unstressed as may be required. This is then followed. by the insertion of the filler, at which stage the open side of the structure is uppermost.
  • the still open element is preferably placed on a vibrator which in case of a granular filler ensures dense packing and in the case of a liquid; filler such as water, ensures the escape of air bubbles.
  • the missing wall is applied to the element.
  • the shell is of concrete
  • some of the moisture of the wet filler or some of the filler water is taken up by the concrete during setting.
  • Slabs according to the invention can be used to advantage for the construction of roadways.
  • the slabs according to the invention are placed directly on the ground. Where this method is practised the ground will have to be prepared somewhat but to a much lesser degree of refinement than in conventional roadway construction techniques.
  • Another method of constructing a roadway in accordance with the invention comprises implanting prefabricated pillars in the ground to protrude from the ground at a desired height and placing slabs according to the invention on such pillars.
  • the pillars may comprise headplates for better supporting the slabs.
  • beams may be used and placed.across adjacent pillars with or without head portions and the slabs according to the invention are then placed on such beams.
  • Any pillars and beams used in the performance of constructions in accordance with the invention may themselves be constructional elements according to the invention or else they may be conventional, e.g. of reinforced concrete or steel.
  • the pillars and beams are preferably prefabricated while the slabs may be prefabricated or be made in situ, depending on their size.
  • Prefabricated pillars used for the construction of roadways in accordance with the invention may be of modular design, that is they may be so designed that one fits on top of the other in a manner such that the plurality form a practically integral pillar without change of static characteristics. Accordingly a plurality of such pillars can be joined together to form an integral pillar of the desired height.
  • the pillars act as the foundation and as supporting columns at the same time.
  • the underground portion of the pillars is so shaped as to fulfil the function of piles or poles.
  • Such pillars are preferably placed in the ground with the aid of a vibrating implanter which forces the pillars into the ground to the desired protrusion height.
  • connecting plates may be placed and sustaining pillars may then be mounted on the connecting plates and slabs be placed thereon. In any way the bottom part of the slabs stays clear of the highest topographical protrusion of the ground and this way the need for ground preparation is generally eliminated.
  • the slabs are so designed that juxtaposed slabs interengage, e.g. by way of interlock or overlap of end and/or side portions.
  • Slab 1 according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 comprises a main portion 2 and a set off end portion 3 that serves for overlap with a correspondingly shaped end portion of another slab according to the invention.
  • the slab is made of a concrete shell 4, a compact granular filler material 5, e.g. wet sand with a moisture content of 10-20% by weight, and a plurality of rows of reinforcing rods or struts 6, each such row being arranged in this particular case in the form of recurring V-shaped segments.
  • the shell 4 comprises an expanded metal grid 7 embedded therein as shown in Figs. 2 and - 3.
  • the wet sand used as filler in the embodiment of Figs. 1. to 3 may be replaced by other materials such as clay, by a flowing wet mass such as grout or by a pure liquid such as water.
  • a slab of the kind of Figs. 1 to 3 may be prefabricated or produced in situ. It can be made large, e.g. about 100 m. long, and slabs of such a size will obviously have to be produced in situ. Such large slabs are used for placing directly on the ground. For other applications, such as pillar supported roadways, wall construction and the like, smaller slabs will be used.
  • a trough-shaped concrete shell 9 with an expanded metal grid 10 embedded therein is cast in a form assembly comprising an outer form 11 and an insert 12, the latter .being shown in Fig. 4 in the extracted position.
  • the bottom plate of shell 9 is cast in form 11 with an expanded metal grid embedded therein and a plurality of reinforcing rods 14 anchored in the bottom plate in the manner shown.
  • the insert 12 is inserted and the side walls of the shell 9 are cast in the spaces between form 11 and insert 12, again with an expanded metal' grid embedded therein.
  • a filler material e.g.
  • the shell 9 may be extracted from form 11 prior to the introduction of the filler material 15. After the filler material 15 has been poured in, the shell 9 either within form 11 or after removal therefrom, is placed on a vibrator in order to compact the filler and thereafter an upper concrete plate with an expanded metal grid embedded therein is cast on top of the filled shell 9 so that the apexes of grid 14 or rods 6, as the case may be, become embedded in the upper plate similar as the lower apexes are embedded in the bottom of shell 9.
  • the pillar according to the invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 comprises a pole 17 and a headplate 13.
  • Pole 17 is of conventional design, e.g. massive, reinforced concrete.
  • Headplate 18 comprises a concrete shell 19 and a filler mass 20, e.g. of wet sand or solid concrete. Inside shell 19 there are two rows of identical, satellite boxes 21a to 25a and 21b to 25b, all of which are filled with a filler material which may be the same or different from the filler material 20.
  • the boxes 21a, 23a and 25a accomodate concrete-filled tubes 26a to 30a and likewise boxes 21b, 23b and 25b accomodate concrete filled tubes 26b to 30b.
  • Each of the concrete filled tubes 26a through 30a and 26b through 30b accomodates 3 vertical reinforcing rod such as, for. example, rod 31 in box 21b and rod 32 in box 25b.
  • All the vertical reinforcing rods such as rod 31 and 32 are thus sheathed and they extend through a filler between two opposite walls of the headplate 18, namely the top and the bottom walls.
  • Preferably the vertical reinforcing rods are post-stressed.
  • the headplate 18 further comprises two horizontal tubes 34, 35 both filled with concrete accomodating respectively reinforcing rods 36 and 37. These two reinforcing rods are thus also sheathed similar as all vertical reinforcing rods and they extend between two opposite side walls of the concrete shell across the filler 20. Preferably reinforcing rods 36 and 37 are also post-stressed.
  • the headplate 18 according to the invention weighs less and in the case of sand filler is about 30% less expensive than a headplate of massive reinforced concrete with the same mechanical properties.
  • the headplate 18 may be adapted for standing thereon other structural elements, e.g. block shaped elements of similar construction as headplate 18.but higher. Where this is practiced the vertical reinforcing rods such as rods 31 and 32 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 will pass through all stacked elements connecting them to each other. This means that the vertical rods will be positioned only after the elements are stacked and they may, if desired, be post-stressed.
  • other structural elements e.g. block shaped elements of similar construction as headplate 18.but higher.
  • the vertical reinforcing rods such as rods 31 and 32 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 will pass through all stacked elements connecting them to each other. This means that the vertical rods will be positioned only after the elements are stacked and they may, if desired, be post-stressed.
  • the ensuing vertical assembly may be capped by another headplate similar to plate 18 and the vertical rods are anchored in the lowermost and uppermost plates thus holding together all the elements stacked on the lowermost headplate 18.
  • an integral pillar may be produced in which the vertical tying rods may be post-stressed.
  • rods 36 and 37 may be post-stressed.
  • Fig. 7 shows by way of example some surface ways that can be constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • a graded roadway starting at a level and rising to a height while 41 shows the surfaceway being used as a landing strip and 42 shows the component parts of a surfaceway being used as a viaduct to hold rails for railroad vehicles.
  • a ground depression bridged by a roadway 44.
  • the main component parts of the roadway shown in Fig. 7 are modular pillars shown in two different forms as pillars 45 and 46; modular beams which are shown in two different forms, modular beam 47 and modular beam 48, and the slabs 49.
  • the pillars 45 and 46 may have a head portion according to the invention of the kind shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and slabs 49 may for example be in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
  • Grading utilized in the system is controlled by monitoring the amount by which the pillars protrude from the ground.
  • the nodular pillars are placed one on top of the other to obtain the desired height.
  • a single pillar is shown at 50 while pillars 46 are each made out of two modular portions. In this way the roadway climbs to the desired height at a desired slope.
  • Fig. 8 shows a beam 52 that can be used in the construction of a roadway with slabs and pillars according to the invention. It has an inverted T-shaped profile and two hollow channels 53 and 54 which if desired may be filled with a filler material or else serve for the accommodation of functional elements such as, for example, electric cables and wires. Shoulders 55 and 56 serve for receiving the end portions of the slabs such as slab 1 of Fig. 1.
  • the modular pillar 57 shown in Fig.9 comprises at one end a socket 58 and at the other end a protuberance 59 whereby it is adapted for interlocking alignment with similar modular pillars.
  • the pillar 57 may also be directly fixed in the ground and may support at its top a slab such as-slab 1 of Figs. to 3, either directly or with the interposition of other structural elements such as a headplate or a beam.
  • Beam 60 of Fig. 10 is an edge beam. Similar as beam 52 of Fig. 8 it comprises channels 61 and 62 and a shoulder 63 while the other shoulder in the beam of Fig. 8 is replaced here by a wall portion 64.
  • Figs. 8 to 10 may or may not be made in accordance with the invention. In any event they are useful for constructing roadways using slabs and pillar heads according to the invention of the kind described hereinbefore.
  • a vibrating unit may be used to force the pillars into the ground surface that does not have to be prepared in any manner.
  • the vibrating unit forces the pillars into the ground to the desired protrusion height.
  • the height may be measured with any suitable instrument such as a laser altitude measuring device which is accurate and easily utilized.
  • One or more pillars can be placed on top of an inset pillar to obtain the height desired for the roadway. When a number of pillars are placed in position beams are placed over the pillars and/or the pillars are fitted with headplates, e.g. as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.
  • the new methods of roadway construction with slabs and other structural elements according to the invention are extremely versatile and cost effective since almost the entire roadway is prefabricated or made from elements fabricated in situ. Where pillars are used the roadway runs overhead the topmost topographical protrusion so that no ground surface preparation is necessary at all. Where slabs are placed directly on the ground some ground preparation is required but to a much lesser degree than in conventional road construction methods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP84100045A 1983-01-05 1984-01-03 Verfahren zum Erstellen von Fahrbahnen und vorgefertigte Einheiten hierfür Withdrawn EP0113661A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL67621A IL67621A (en) 1983-01-05 1983-01-05 Modular roadway construction method and prefabricated units therefor
IL67621 1983-01-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0113661A2 true EP0113661A2 (de) 1984-07-18
EP0113661A3 EP0113661A3 (de) 1985-08-21

Family

ID=11053983

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84100045A Withdrawn EP0113661A3 (de) 1983-01-05 1984-01-03 Verfahren zum Erstellen von Fahrbahnen und vorgefertigte Einheiten hierfür

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0113661A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS59192105A (de)
AU (1) AU2287883A (de)
BR (1) BR8400083A (de)
IL (1) IL67621A (de)
NO (1) NO840031L (de)
ZA (1) ZA839682B (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2170258A (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-30 John Michael Dyson Repairing PRC houses
GB2210090A (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-06-01 Sydney Rowe Bridge module
FR2636082A1 (fr) * 1988-09-06 1990-03-09 Hornn Francois Passerelle, notamment pour pietons
WO1993017186A1 (de) * 1992-02-29 1993-09-02 Hugo Rademacher Fahrbahnen und fahrbahnträger als vorgefertigtes bausatz-system
NL1006180C2 (nl) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-10 Holland Railconsult Draaglichaam voor het ondersteunen van spoorstaven, en een werkwijze voor het fabriceren daarvan.
WO2011074999A1 (ru) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Sychev Viktor Vasilievich Транспортное полотно
NL1039249C2 (nl) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-26 Fdn Construction B V Brug.
US10577753B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2020-03-03 Sterling Site Access Solutions, Llc Crane mat and method of manufacture

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1900319A (en) * 1931-03-13 1933-03-07 Vermeulen Aurele Structural device
FR747177A (fr) * 1932-07-11 1933-06-12 Pavé pour revêtements de routes et autres usages
DE1301036B (de) * 1963-11-26 1969-08-14 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Stahlbeton-Hohlbalken fuer Bruecken- oder Deckenplatten
FR2112417A1 (de) * 1970-11-03 1972-06-16 Schmitter Adolf
US3909143A (en) * 1971-05-18 1975-09-30 Romanski Lon H Roadway construction and method therefor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1900319A (en) * 1931-03-13 1933-03-07 Vermeulen Aurele Structural device
FR747177A (fr) * 1932-07-11 1933-06-12 Pavé pour revêtements de routes et autres usages
DE1301036B (de) * 1963-11-26 1969-08-14 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Stahlbeton-Hohlbalken fuer Bruecken- oder Deckenplatten
FR2112417A1 (de) * 1970-11-03 1972-06-16 Schmitter Adolf
US3909143A (en) * 1971-05-18 1975-09-30 Romanski Lon H Roadway construction and method therefor

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2170258A (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-30 John Michael Dyson Repairing PRC houses
GB2210090A (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-06-01 Sydney Rowe Bridge module
FR2636082A1 (fr) * 1988-09-06 1990-03-09 Hornn Francois Passerelle, notamment pour pietons
WO1993017186A1 (de) * 1992-02-29 1993-09-02 Hugo Rademacher Fahrbahnen und fahrbahnträger als vorgefertigtes bausatz-system
NL1006180C2 (nl) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-10 Holland Railconsult Draaglichaam voor het ondersteunen van spoorstaven, en een werkwijze voor het fabriceren daarvan.
WO2011074999A1 (ru) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Sychev Viktor Vasilievich Транспортное полотно
NL1039249C2 (nl) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-26 Fdn Construction B V Brug.
WO2013095087A1 (en) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-27 Fdn Construction Bv Prefabricated bridge
US9551119B2 (en) 2011-12-19 2017-01-24 Fdn Construction Bv Prefabricated bridge
US10577753B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2020-03-03 Sterling Site Access Solutions, Llc Crane mat and method of manufacture
US11124925B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2021-09-21 Sterling Site Access Solutions, Llc Crane mat and method of manufacture
US11566385B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2023-01-31 Sterling Site Access Solutions, Llc Crane mat and method of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59192105A (ja) 1984-10-31
BR8400083A (pt) 1984-09-11
NO840031L (no) 1984-07-06
ZA839682B (en) 1984-08-29
AU2287883A (en) 1984-07-12
EP0113661A3 (de) 1985-08-21
IL67621A (en) 1989-10-31
IL67621A0 (en) 1983-05-15

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