CA1167272A - Pre-cast building unit, building and method utilizing same, and casting form therefor - Google Patents
Pre-cast building unit, building and method utilizing same, and casting form thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1167272A CA1167272A CA000348410A CA348410A CA1167272A CA 1167272 A CA1167272 A CA 1167272A CA 000348410 A CA000348410 A CA 000348410A CA 348410 A CA348410 A CA 348410A CA 1167272 A CA1167272 A CA 1167272A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- panels
- panel
- building
- foot portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
- E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
- E04C2/382—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a frame of concrete or other stone-like substance
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
- Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A casting form for use in casting concrete building walls is dis-closed which features a first substantially flat section in which the bulk of the wall is formed and a second tapered section which forms an integral footer/foundation. The extent of the flat portion and the angle and depth of the tapered portion are variable in response to the building engineering requirements, including the load capability of the soil at a predetermined building site. When these have been determined, the casting form is adjusted to provide a unitary wall and footer of predetermined dimensions suitable for a specific building. In this way, casting of concrete to form either footer or wall at the building site can be eliminated.
A casting form for use in casting concrete building walls is dis-closed which features a first substantially flat section in which the bulk of the wall is formed and a second tapered section which forms an integral footer/foundation. The extent of the flat portion and the angle and depth of the tapered portion are variable in response to the building engineering requirements, including the load capability of the soil at a predetermined building site. When these have been determined, the casting form is adjusted to provide a unitary wall and footer of predetermined dimensions suitable for a specific building. In this way, casting of concrete to form either footer or wall at the building site can be eliminated.
Description
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This invention relates to construction systems and more particularly to a building construction utilizing pre-cast panels, each of which is an integral unlt providing both the foundation foot portion and a complete vertical seyment of the wall o~ the building, and to casting forms for making such panels.
It is an object of the invention to provide a pre-cast building unit, and a building structure which make it possible to erect building walls substantially without pouring any con-crete at the building site.
The ultimate aim of the invention is to make it possible to erect a building with cast concrete walls without the labor and time normally required for building concrete forms and reinforcement structures at the building site as well as reducing the waste of time and labor involved in pouring the concrete into the forms, allowing it to cure, and removing the forms.
The invention provides a wall comprising a plurality of substantially solid monolithic pre-cast cementitious panels each havlng a generally planar section and an enlarged foot portion, said foot portion of each panel being buried in the ~ground, and securing means for mechanically securing said panels together~ in side edge-to-side edge relationship to one another to form said wall, said enlarged foot portion resting on and ; being supported by soil underneath it.
The invention makes it possible to eliminate the cost of transporting to the buildlng site special equipment such as concrete mixers and framing materials D Additionally, it is intended to avoid the waste of materials which sometimes occurs ~ when concrete forms are discarded after use at a building site, and to improve the oonsistency of the quality of buildings built of cast materials by building the panels at a manu~acturing site J ~
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at which the e~fects of weather variations on the curing of the concrete and personnel changes can be minimized.
It also becomes possible to reduce costs attributable to the ordering of either excessive or insuficient ~uantities of concrete or other materials usually used at the building site.
The foot portion of the panel is substantially wider than the wall portion so that the foot portion will provide a broad, stable, heavy base to support the wall section in a vertical position.
The width of the foot portion preferably changes gradually with its height, thus giving it a sloping face. This forms an extremely strong structure, able to be transported to the building site with little danger of damage, while being relatively simple and easy to manufacture. The sloping foot portion ends near the lower end of the panel (below the earth level when installed), thus minimizing the cost of materials used, and ensuring that the wall will be straight.
Preferably, the securing or attachment means for interconnecting the panels has a substantial vertical extent so that the panels can be secured together without expensive leveling procedures, despite irregularities in the elevation of ; the ground surface upon which the panels stand.
Means are preferably provided for attaching floor and roof supports to the panels. These means also are adapted to avoid the labor and time required for leveling the panels, by permitting attachment at a variety of vertical positions without changing the levels of the surfaces supporting the floor and 00f.
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The form used for casting the panels is highly adaptable. It has movable barriers for easily varying the dimensions of the cast panels, thus saving the cost of making many different forms for use in making panels having different dimensions. One type of form can be used either to form two separate panels in one pouring, or can be used to make one very tall panel. Thus, the adaptable form and the method of manufacture have unobvious versatility and greatly reduce the time and cost of manufacture.
The foregoing objects, features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in or apparent from the following description and drawings.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the pre-cast construction unit or panel of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation view of ~he panel of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a partially schematic elevation view showing a plurality of thepanels of Figures 1 and 2 connected ~20 together to form a buuilding; and Figure 4 is a perspective view of a casting form constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the panel I0 of this invention. The panel 10 has two stems 1, a flange 9, and a foot section 2. The panel 10 is cast of concrete in one piece; that is, it is monolithic.
Preferably, the panel is reinforced with steel mesh 30 7, and with steel reinforcing bars of pre-stressed cable at : ~ -3-: ~, :~ :
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locations indicated by the dashed lines 3. The p~nel 10 is shown resting upon the earth at 4.
In Figure 2, as well as in Figure 1, it is shown that the foot section 2 has a sloping face. The width 13 of the foot section 2 is considerably greater than the thickness 20 of the flange 9 and the thickness 8 of the stems 1. The height of the foot section 2 is such that the foot section ends in the lower portion of the panel. The height 6, the width 13 and the angle of the sloping face of the foot section all are variable, as is the width 5 (Figure 1) and the height 11 of the whole panel 10. It may be seen that variation in the height 6 of the foot section dictates the variable width 13 of the footer, depending upon the angle of slope of the face of the foot section.
The thickness 8 of the stems 1 and the thickness 20 of the flange 9 are variable, and determine the thickness of the panel 10. The depth of penetration of the panel into the earth 4 is represented by the dimension 12, and also is variable.
Steel weld-plates 16 are cast-in-place at the side edges of the flange 9. The plates 16 allow the panels 10 to be joined together welding. The weld plates 16 may be formed by bending the ends of the reinforcing bars which span the width ' of the panel. Thus, when the weld plates 16 are welded together, this welds the ends of the bars together and creates a continuous reinforcement band around the building perimeter (except where interrupted wi~h voids forming doors, windows, etc.). Thus, a plurality of adjacent panels which are welded together form ;~ completed walls, including a fuoter, a founda~îon and the wall surfaces.
; 30 Steel bolts or studs 14 are cast in place and extend into the stems 1. The bolts 14 preferably are tied or otherwise ::
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secured to the steel mesh 7 and steel rod or steel cable reinforcements 3 beEore the concrete is poured during casting.
Bearing-support ledges 15, which may be made of wood, steel or other suitable material, are secured to the S panels 10 by means of the bolts or studs 14. The bearing-support ledges 15 support the floor joists 17 of the building, and the whaler 18, at the top. The whaler 18 supports the roof structure 22 (see Figure 3).
The first step in the method of erecting a building is to determine the engineering and construction specifications.
These specifications include the desired number of floors, live- and dead-load requirements, and soil loading and soil characteristics. Then, the panels 10 are ordered and cast.
The dimensions of the panels are determined to conform to the specifications, and include: the width (and number) of the stems l; the width 5 of the panel unit 10; the height 6 (and dependent dimensions) of the footer sec~ion 2; and width 13 of the foot; the depth 8 of the stems; the ~hickness 20 of the flange 9; the resultant total thickness or depth of the panel 10; the height 11 of the panel 10; the number and location, vertically, o~ the steel bolts or studs 14; and the depth 12 to whlch the panel is to be set in the ground, which dlmenslon bears upon determination of the ~otal length 11.
The steel weld plates~16, are cast at suitable locations according to the dimensions of tke panel 10.
The panels are cast from a mold, and the completed, cured panels are deli~ered to the construction site when the earth has been prepared to receive them.
; The cons~ruc~ion crew assembles the panels, ~oins ~30 ; them by welding together the weld plates 16, sealing the seams _5_ ::
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7~2 between panels as required. Joined panels may be sealed to prevent moisture transfer by use of any suitable waterproofing f agent and/or "Visqueen" or other suitable plastic sheeting material. Any suitable caulking material may be used to seal the panels above ground. Then the whaler 18 is attached, and the joist-supportin~ support ledges 15 are attached to the steel bolts or studs 14. A completed panel 10, when installed, may immediately receive floor joists and roofing construction, with no delay in construction.
Voids may be cast into the panel as required for door and window openings, and for c-onstruction requirements such as plumbing and electrical entrances. Voids may be cast in the base of the footer section, to allow for any necessary relief to accommodate soil expansion.
Panels may be cast without stems, where flat panels are desired; the variable-thickness flange may be increased in thickness in its casting to provide requisite load bearing capacity.
Reinforcing may be deleted; or carbon, glass, plastic, - 20 wood, paper or other reinforcement materials and methods may be employed, if desired.
Figure 3 is an illustration of a plurality of panels 10 connected integrally to provide an enclosed building structure having a floor 17 and a roof 22. As illustrated, ~25 ~each of the panels 10 is placed on the previously prepared foundation. The drawing shows, in magnified form, the effect of having an imperfectly level foundation. The panels 10 are hown with their bottoms at distinctly different levels.
Therefore, the top of each panel 10 is displaced vertically from the top of adjacent panels.
The panels 10 are joined together by welding the s ~ n~k weld plates 16 together. The weld plates 16 have a substantial vertical dimension so that they have sufficient overlap to accommodate differentials in the vertical positions of the panels 10.
The bearing support members 15 preferably are relatively wide wooden beams; ~.g. boards two inches thick by six or ei&ht inches wide. The bearing members 15 are positioned so that their upper surfaces are level at the height required for ~he floor or roof, and then holes are drilled in the members 15 to accommodate the bolts 14. Note that the bolts 14 for each of the two members 15 illustrated in Figure 3 are shown at different heights, corresponding to the differential that exists in the foundation elevation of each panel. In this manner, panels 10 are int~grally joined by plural means, comprising both the weld pla~es 16 and the bolted members 15.
As illustrated, the floor 17 is positioned on top of the lower member 15, and may be secured thereto by any conventional means desired. On top of the upper member 15 ls positioned the whaler 18, on top of which are positioned rafters 20, with the roof 22 secured to the rafters 20. It is noted tha~, sub~ect to any limitation on the overall length of the panels 10 that might exist for a particular building, there may be a plurality of additional floors.
Figure 4 shows a preferred casting form 30 for use in casting the panels 10.
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The form 30 includes side walls 32, end walls 33 and a bottom wall 34, and a supporting structure 36.
The side walls 32 and end walls 33 are vertical, and the bottom wall 34 is horizontal in the central areas, ~
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but has two sections 38 which slope downwardly so as to form the sloping foot portions 2 of the panels lO when the form 30 is filled with concrete.
The bottom wall 34 hAs longitudinal recesses or slo~s 40 which are used to form the stems l of the panels lO.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the form 30 is easily adaptable to make panels lO of varying dimensions, and also can be used to make two panels simultaneously with only one pouring of concrete. For these purposes there are provided two movable end bulkheads 42 and 44, and one or more movable central bulkheads 46 and 48. All of the bulkheads extend up to or above the top of the side walls 32 and end walls 33 and span the full width 50 of the form 30.
The bulkheads 42 and 44 can be moved longitudinally in order to increase or decrease the height 6 (see Figure 2) of the foot section 2 of the panel lO. Simultaneously, such movement will increase or decrease the wid~h 13 of the foot section 2, because of the ælope in the section 38 of the form.
Blocks or wedges of various materials can be inserted between 2G the bulhheads 42 and 44 and the end walls 33 to hold those bulkheads in a given position.
The bulkheads 46 and 48 can be moved to vary the height ll of the panels lO. Each bulkhead 46 or 48 has a ; pair of extensions 47 or 49 which fit in~o ~he recesses 40.
The bulkhead sli~es along the surface of the bottom wall 34, and is clamped in a desired location by conventional clamping means (not shown).
1n order to increase ~he thickness of the flange 9, rails can be attached to the top of the side walls 32 and end walls 33 to raise the height of those walls.
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:, With the bulkheads in the positions shown in Figure 4, two panels 10 can be made simultaneously. Concrete is poured into the areas between bulkheads 48 and 44, and aiso between bulkheads 42 and 46.
If, on the other hand, the desired height of the panel is too great to permit two panels to be made, one of the bull~heads 46 or 48 can be removed. Then, the extra height is provided by the additional area in the center of the form that is left by the removal of ~he bulkhead.
The form 30 preferably is made of steel sheets.
The support structure preferably is made of welded steel reinforcing bars, angles or the like. However, the materials of which the form and its support are made can be wo~d, metal, fiberglass, etc.
The lengths 52, 54 and 56 of the center and two end sections are variable, as are the width 50, total length 58, and hei~ht 60 of the form 30.
However, an angle o~ around 45 for the foot section
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This invention relates to construction systems and more particularly to a building construction utilizing pre-cast panels, each of which is an integral unlt providing both the foundation foot portion and a complete vertical seyment of the wall o~ the building, and to casting forms for making such panels.
It is an object of the invention to provide a pre-cast building unit, and a building structure which make it possible to erect building walls substantially without pouring any con-crete at the building site.
The ultimate aim of the invention is to make it possible to erect a building with cast concrete walls without the labor and time normally required for building concrete forms and reinforcement structures at the building site as well as reducing the waste of time and labor involved in pouring the concrete into the forms, allowing it to cure, and removing the forms.
The invention provides a wall comprising a plurality of substantially solid monolithic pre-cast cementitious panels each havlng a generally planar section and an enlarged foot portion, said foot portion of each panel being buried in the ~ground, and securing means for mechanically securing said panels together~ in side edge-to-side edge relationship to one another to form said wall, said enlarged foot portion resting on and ; being supported by soil underneath it.
The invention makes it possible to eliminate the cost of transporting to the buildlng site special equipment such as concrete mixers and framing materials D Additionally, it is intended to avoid the waste of materials which sometimes occurs ~ when concrete forms are discarded after use at a building site, and to improve the oonsistency of the quality of buildings built of cast materials by building the panels at a manu~acturing site J ~
~.' ~ -1~ ~'~
at which the e~fects of weather variations on the curing of the concrete and personnel changes can be minimized.
It also becomes possible to reduce costs attributable to the ordering of either excessive or insuficient ~uantities of concrete or other materials usually used at the building site.
The foot portion of the panel is substantially wider than the wall portion so that the foot portion will provide a broad, stable, heavy base to support the wall section in a vertical position.
The width of the foot portion preferably changes gradually with its height, thus giving it a sloping face. This forms an extremely strong structure, able to be transported to the building site with little danger of damage, while being relatively simple and easy to manufacture. The sloping foot portion ends near the lower end of the panel (below the earth level when installed), thus minimizing the cost of materials used, and ensuring that the wall will be straight.
Preferably, the securing or attachment means for interconnecting the panels has a substantial vertical extent so that the panels can be secured together without expensive leveling procedures, despite irregularities in the elevation of ; the ground surface upon which the panels stand.
Means are preferably provided for attaching floor and roof supports to the panels. These means also are adapted to avoid the labor and time required for leveling the panels, by permitting attachment at a variety of vertical positions without changing the levels of the surfaces supporting the floor and 00f.
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The form used for casting the panels is highly adaptable. It has movable barriers for easily varying the dimensions of the cast panels, thus saving the cost of making many different forms for use in making panels having different dimensions. One type of form can be used either to form two separate panels in one pouring, or can be used to make one very tall panel. Thus, the adaptable form and the method of manufacture have unobvious versatility and greatly reduce the time and cost of manufacture.
The foregoing objects, features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in or apparent from the following description and drawings.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the pre-cast construction unit or panel of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation view of ~he panel of Figure l;
Figure 3 is a partially schematic elevation view showing a plurality of thepanels of Figures 1 and 2 connected ~20 together to form a buuilding; and Figure 4 is a perspective view of a casting form constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the panel I0 of this invention. The panel 10 has two stems 1, a flange 9, and a foot section 2. The panel 10 is cast of concrete in one piece; that is, it is monolithic.
Preferably, the panel is reinforced with steel mesh 30 7, and with steel reinforcing bars of pre-stressed cable at : ~ -3-: ~, :~ :
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locations indicated by the dashed lines 3. The p~nel 10 is shown resting upon the earth at 4.
In Figure 2, as well as in Figure 1, it is shown that the foot section 2 has a sloping face. The width 13 of the foot section 2 is considerably greater than the thickness 20 of the flange 9 and the thickness 8 of the stems 1. The height of the foot section 2 is such that the foot section ends in the lower portion of the panel. The height 6, the width 13 and the angle of the sloping face of the foot section all are variable, as is the width 5 (Figure 1) and the height 11 of the whole panel 10. It may be seen that variation in the height 6 of the foot section dictates the variable width 13 of the footer, depending upon the angle of slope of the face of the foot section.
The thickness 8 of the stems 1 and the thickness 20 of the flange 9 are variable, and determine the thickness of the panel 10. The depth of penetration of the panel into the earth 4 is represented by the dimension 12, and also is variable.
Steel weld-plates 16 are cast-in-place at the side edges of the flange 9. The plates 16 allow the panels 10 to be joined together welding. The weld plates 16 may be formed by bending the ends of the reinforcing bars which span the width ' of the panel. Thus, when the weld plates 16 are welded together, this welds the ends of the bars together and creates a continuous reinforcement band around the building perimeter (except where interrupted wi~h voids forming doors, windows, etc.). Thus, a plurality of adjacent panels which are welded together form ;~ completed walls, including a fuoter, a founda~îon and the wall surfaces.
; 30 Steel bolts or studs 14 are cast in place and extend into the stems 1. The bolts 14 preferably are tied or otherwise ::
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secured to the steel mesh 7 and steel rod or steel cable reinforcements 3 beEore the concrete is poured during casting.
Bearing-support ledges 15, which may be made of wood, steel or other suitable material, are secured to the S panels 10 by means of the bolts or studs 14. The bearing-support ledges 15 support the floor joists 17 of the building, and the whaler 18, at the top. The whaler 18 supports the roof structure 22 (see Figure 3).
The first step in the method of erecting a building is to determine the engineering and construction specifications.
These specifications include the desired number of floors, live- and dead-load requirements, and soil loading and soil characteristics. Then, the panels 10 are ordered and cast.
The dimensions of the panels are determined to conform to the specifications, and include: the width (and number) of the stems l; the width 5 of the panel unit 10; the height 6 (and dependent dimensions) of the footer sec~ion 2; and width 13 of the foot; the depth 8 of the stems; the ~hickness 20 of the flange 9; the resultant total thickness or depth of the panel 10; the height 11 of the panel 10; the number and location, vertically, o~ the steel bolts or studs 14; and the depth 12 to whlch the panel is to be set in the ground, which dlmenslon bears upon determination of the ~otal length 11.
The steel weld plates~16, are cast at suitable locations according to the dimensions of tke panel 10.
The panels are cast from a mold, and the completed, cured panels are deli~ered to the construction site when the earth has been prepared to receive them.
; The cons~ruc~ion crew assembles the panels, ~oins ~30 ; them by welding together the weld plates 16, sealing the seams _5_ ::
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7~2 between panels as required. Joined panels may be sealed to prevent moisture transfer by use of any suitable waterproofing f agent and/or "Visqueen" or other suitable plastic sheeting material. Any suitable caulking material may be used to seal the panels above ground. Then the whaler 18 is attached, and the joist-supportin~ support ledges 15 are attached to the steel bolts or studs 14. A completed panel 10, when installed, may immediately receive floor joists and roofing construction, with no delay in construction.
Voids may be cast into the panel as required for door and window openings, and for c-onstruction requirements such as plumbing and electrical entrances. Voids may be cast in the base of the footer section, to allow for any necessary relief to accommodate soil expansion.
Panels may be cast without stems, where flat panels are desired; the variable-thickness flange may be increased in thickness in its casting to provide requisite load bearing capacity.
Reinforcing may be deleted; or carbon, glass, plastic, - 20 wood, paper or other reinforcement materials and methods may be employed, if desired.
Figure 3 is an illustration of a plurality of panels 10 connected integrally to provide an enclosed building structure having a floor 17 and a roof 22. As illustrated, ~25 ~each of the panels 10 is placed on the previously prepared foundation. The drawing shows, in magnified form, the effect of having an imperfectly level foundation. The panels 10 are hown with their bottoms at distinctly different levels.
Therefore, the top of each panel 10 is displaced vertically from the top of adjacent panels.
The panels 10 are joined together by welding the s ~ n~k weld plates 16 together. The weld plates 16 have a substantial vertical dimension so that they have sufficient overlap to accommodate differentials in the vertical positions of the panels 10.
The bearing support members 15 preferably are relatively wide wooden beams; ~.g. boards two inches thick by six or ei&ht inches wide. The bearing members 15 are positioned so that their upper surfaces are level at the height required for ~he floor or roof, and then holes are drilled in the members 15 to accommodate the bolts 14. Note that the bolts 14 for each of the two members 15 illustrated in Figure 3 are shown at different heights, corresponding to the differential that exists in the foundation elevation of each panel. In this manner, panels 10 are int~grally joined by plural means, comprising both the weld pla~es 16 and the bolted members 15.
As illustrated, the floor 17 is positioned on top of the lower member 15, and may be secured thereto by any conventional means desired. On top of the upper member 15 ls positioned the whaler 18, on top of which are positioned rafters 20, with the roof 22 secured to the rafters 20. It is noted tha~, sub~ect to any limitation on the overall length of the panels 10 that might exist for a particular building, there may be a plurality of additional floors.
Figure 4 shows a preferred casting form 30 for use in casting the panels 10.
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The form 30 includes side walls 32, end walls 33 and a bottom wall 34, and a supporting structure 36.
The side walls 32 and end walls 33 are vertical, and the bottom wall 34 is horizontal in the central areas, ~
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but has two sections 38 which slope downwardly so as to form the sloping foot portions 2 of the panels lO when the form 30 is filled with concrete.
The bottom wall 34 hAs longitudinal recesses or slo~s 40 which are used to form the stems l of the panels lO.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the form 30 is easily adaptable to make panels lO of varying dimensions, and also can be used to make two panels simultaneously with only one pouring of concrete. For these purposes there are provided two movable end bulkheads 42 and 44, and one or more movable central bulkheads 46 and 48. All of the bulkheads extend up to or above the top of the side walls 32 and end walls 33 and span the full width 50 of the form 30.
The bulkheads 42 and 44 can be moved longitudinally in order to increase or decrease the height 6 (see Figure 2) of the foot section 2 of the panel lO. Simultaneously, such movement will increase or decrease the wid~h 13 of the foot section 2, because of the ælope in the section 38 of the form.
Blocks or wedges of various materials can be inserted between 2G the bulhheads 42 and 44 and the end walls 33 to hold those bulkheads in a given position.
The bulkheads 46 and 48 can be moved to vary the height ll of the panels lO. Each bulkhead 46 or 48 has a ; pair of extensions 47 or 49 which fit in~o ~he recesses 40.
The bulkhead sli~es along the surface of the bottom wall 34, and is clamped in a desired location by conventional clamping means (not shown).
1n order to increase ~he thickness of the flange 9, rails can be attached to the top of the side walls 32 and end walls 33 to raise the height of those walls.
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:, With the bulkheads in the positions shown in Figure 4, two panels 10 can be made simultaneously. Concrete is poured into the areas between bulkheads 48 and 44, and aiso between bulkheads 42 and 46.
If, on the other hand, the desired height of the panel is too great to permit two panels to be made, one of the bull~heads 46 or 48 can be removed. Then, the extra height is provided by the additional area in the center of the form that is left by the removal of ~he bulkhead.
The form 30 preferably is made of steel sheets.
The support structure preferably is made of welded steel reinforcing bars, angles or the like. However, the materials of which the form and its support are made can be wo~d, metal, fiberglass, etc.
The lengths 52, 54 and 56 of the center and two end sections are variable, as are the width 50, total length 58, and hei~ht 60 of the form 30.
However, an angle o~ around 45 for the foot section
2 is preferred. Therefore the sloping form walls 38 preferably are at an angle of 45 D, The maximum height presently contemplated for each panel 10 ~is approximately thirty-four feet. In order to achieve that dimension, the sum of the distances 52 and either 54 or 56 should be slightly greater than thirty-four feet.
.... In a form which has been bulit and llsed successfully, the recesses 40 had a width of our inches and a depth of six inches. The widtll 50 of the form 30 was eight fee~, the centers of the recesses 40 were each two feet from the nearest side ~all 3.2/ and.the recesses 40 were four fee~ ~part. Of course, all of these dimensions can be changed as desired.
: , ,i In using the form 30, the engineering and construction specifications for the panel are determined as described above.
If the stems 1 are not desired, then the recesses 40 can be filled with wood or other materials.
Next, the central bulkheads are either inserted or removed depending on whether one or two panels are to be case, and then all of the bulkheads are located so as to produce a panel 10 having the desired dimensions.
Next, the steel reinforcing members, bolts 14 and welding plates 16 are located in the form 30. If needed, additional form members may be added to form voids for doors, windows, and soil expansion chambers in the foot section 2.
Also, an eye bolt (not shown) can be positioned in the form so as to provide a means for lifting the panel 10 out of the form when cured.
Then, the concrete is poured into the form, cured and the panel or panels are lifted out.
From the foregoing, it can be seer, that the invention satisfies the objectives set forth above. The invention makes it possible to erect cast concrete walls at a building site without having to pour concrete at the building site. The structure of the building panels i5 simple, strong, and relatively easy to make. Moreover, the tops of the building panels can be leveled in a simple procedure. The casting form and method used to cast the panels is extremely versatile and permits variations in the panel dimensions to be made with relative ease.
CLAIMS:
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.... In a form which has been bulit and llsed successfully, the recesses 40 had a width of our inches and a depth of six inches. The widtll 50 of the form 30 was eight fee~, the centers of the recesses 40 were each two feet from the nearest side ~all 3.2/ and.the recesses 40 were four fee~ ~part. Of course, all of these dimensions can be changed as desired.
: , ,i In using the form 30, the engineering and construction specifications for the panel are determined as described above.
If the stems 1 are not desired, then the recesses 40 can be filled with wood or other materials.
Next, the central bulkheads are either inserted or removed depending on whether one or two panels are to be case, and then all of the bulkheads are located so as to produce a panel 10 having the desired dimensions.
Next, the steel reinforcing members, bolts 14 and welding plates 16 are located in the form 30. If needed, additional form members may be added to form voids for doors, windows, and soil expansion chambers in the foot section 2.
Also, an eye bolt (not shown) can be positioned in the form so as to provide a means for lifting the panel 10 out of the form when cured.
Then, the concrete is poured into the form, cured and the panel or panels are lifted out.
From the foregoing, it can be seer, that the invention satisfies the objectives set forth above. The invention makes it possible to erect cast concrete walls at a building site without having to pour concrete at the building site. The structure of the building panels i5 simple, strong, and relatively easy to make. Moreover, the tops of the building panels can be leveled in a simple procedure. The casting form and method used to cast the panels is extremely versatile and permits variations in the panel dimensions to be made with relative ease.
CLAIMS:
. .
: ~''' -10-:::
Claims (12)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A wall comprising a plurality of substantially solid monolithic pre-cast cementitious panels each having a generally planar section and an enlarged foot portion, said foot portion of each panel being buried in the ground, and securing means for mechanically securing said panels together in side edge-to-side edge relationship to one another to form said wall, said enlarged foot portion resting on and being supported by soil underneath it.
2. A wall as in Claim 1 in which said securing means comprises metal members on abutting side edges of said panels, said metal members being welded together, the thickness of said foot portion being only somewhat greater than that of the remainder of said panel.
3. A wall as in Claim 1 in which said foot portion of each of said panels has a base area which is related to the condition of said soil so that shifting of said panel due to said condition is minimized.
4. A wall as in Claim 1 in which each of said panels has a height, a width and a thickness, the thickness of said panel being much less than said width.
5. A wall as in Claim 1 in which said foot portion has a substantially triangular cross-sectional shape.
6. A wall as in Claim 1 including at least one reinforcing rib integral with, extending longitudinally of and outwardly from said planar section, said rib having an elongated metal reinforcing member embedded therein, and joining said foot section at one end.
7. A wall as in Claim 2 in which said securing means includes an elongated metal reinforcing member integral with and extending transversely of each of said panels and attached at each end to one of said metal members.
8. A wall as in Claim 1 including a platform support member integral with and extending outwardly from each of said planar sections for supporting a floor and/or a roof of a building.
9. A wall as in Claim 1 in which said foot portion slopes from adjacent the bottom edge of said panel to a location adjacent to but spaced farther from said bottom edge, at an angle greater than approximately 45° with said wall surface.
10. A wall as in Claim 8 in which each of said support members has a vertical dimension greater than the difference in elevation of the lowest and the highest ones of said panels, integral fastening means on each panel at a predetermined location, said platform support members being secured to said panels by said fastening means at varying elevations, whereby said support member defines a platform supporting surface whose level is independent of the elevations of the individual panels in said wall.
11. A wall as in Claim 10 including a metal reinforcing member integral with and extending across each panel, the end of each member being fastened to the end of the member in an adjacent panel so as to form a continuous reinforcing member spanning said panels.
12. A wall as in Claim 11 including two of said platform support members, with a roof secured to one and a floor secured to the other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2367179A | 1979-03-26 | 1979-03-26 | |
| US023,671 | 1979-03-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1167272A true CA1167272A (en) | 1984-05-15 |
Family
ID=21816535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000348410A Expired CA1167272A (en) | 1979-03-26 | 1980-03-26 | Pre-cast building unit, building and method utilizing same, and casting form therefor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0016478A3 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS55159059A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR225033A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8001792A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1167272A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES259614Y (en) |
| IL (1) | IL59693A0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2619589B1 (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-11-17 | Riche Daniel | METHOD FOR PARASISMIC CONSTRUCTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS |
| FR2647835A1 (en) * | 1989-06-01 | 1990-12-07 | Rene Gualandris | METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING PREFABRICATED BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION OBTAINED BY IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
| US6263629B1 (en) | 1998-08-04 | 2001-07-24 | Clark Schwebel Tech-Fab Company | Structural reinforcement member and method of utilizing the same to reinforce a product |
| US6230465B1 (en) * | 1998-08-04 | 2001-05-15 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Precast concrete structural modules |
| US7100336B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2006-09-05 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Concrete building panel with a low density core and carbon fiber and steel reinforcement |
| US7627997B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2009-12-08 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Concrete foundation wall with a low density core and carbon fiber and steel reinforcement |
| US6701683B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2004-03-09 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a composite concrete panel with transversely oriented carbon fiber reinforcement |
| US6729090B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2004-05-04 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Insulative building panel with transverse fiber reinforcement |
| US6898908B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2005-05-31 | Oldcastle Precast, Inc. | Insulative concrete building panel with carbon fiber and steel reinforcement |
| CN108149819B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2024-01-30 | 山东海龙建筑科技有限公司 | Integrated superposed outer wall of building bottom reinforcing area and production and construction method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE807437C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1951-06-28 | Polensky & Zoellner | Structure made of precast concrete parts |
| US2854724A (en) * | 1954-11-24 | 1958-10-07 | American Dyewood Company | Molding apparatus |
| DE2221163C3 (en) * | 1972-04-28 | 1974-09-26 | Alfred 3450 Holzminden Langmann | Basement wall element |
| FR2190989A1 (en) * | 1972-06-26 | 1974-02-01 | Voogd Cornel S De | |
| GB1544205A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1979-04-11 | Selleck Nicholls Williams Ltd | Building |
-
1980
- 1980-03-24 IL IL59693A patent/IL59693A0/en unknown
- 1980-03-25 ES ES1980259614U patent/ES259614Y/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-25 BR BR8001792A patent/BR8001792A/en unknown
- 1980-03-26 EP EP80101618A patent/EP0016478A3/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-03-26 JP JP3883080A patent/JPS55159059A/en active Pending
- 1980-03-26 CA CA000348410A patent/CA1167272A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-03-26 AR AR280447A patent/AR225033A1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES259614U (en) | 1982-01-16 |
| JPS55159059A (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| EP0016478A3 (en) | 1980-12-10 |
| EP0016478A2 (en) | 1980-10-01 |
| IL59693A0 (en) | 1980-06-30 |
| ES259614Y (en) | 1982-07-01 |
| AR225033A1 (en) | 1982-02-15 |
| BR8001792A (en) | 1980-11-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |