AU600916B2 - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

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1 I Thisdocumt contis the I ahiendolment made uns th Sect~fl 9 ad iscorect or prnt n t o it~

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APPLICANT:

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FILING DATE: MICHAEL ORESKOVIC PH 3257 5th November, 1985 FORM Regul.ation 13(2)

COMMONWEAL

1 TH OF AUSTRALIA Paten~s Act 1952 COMPLETE SPECITCATION FOR THE INVENTION ENTITLED: "aUILDING CONSTRUCTION" The following statement is a full description of this $invention, including the best method of performing it known Lo me: 1 0..

By his Patent Attorneys 21t T. G. AHEARN

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FORTY DOLLARS .G Ahearn) To: The Commissioner of Patents.

2 THIS INVENTION relates to a method of building construction, and to an apparatus which may be employed in the application of the method.

Many proposals have been made in respect of prefabricated building techniques employing concrete. Few have found acceptance in general construction, such as in the erection of housing, etc.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of building construction which employs 0 precast concrete panels. In one broad aspect the invention resides in a method of constructing a building comprising the Ssteps of T providing a site for said building; providing a floor area to receive an in situ concrete slab; providing a plurality of spacer blocks on said site and aligning uppermost faces of the blocks to the height of the in situ concrete slab to be poured; providing precast concrete wall panels and locating and levelling said panels in spaced edge relationship on said 4 spacer blocks to space the wall panels from the floor area; pouring an in situ concrete slab 'o the height of the uppermost faces of the spacer blocks whereby the concrete passes between said spacer blocks and beneath the precast concrete wall panels to secure the panels in an operative position.

In order that the invention may be more readily M4

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2a understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment thereof and wherein:- Figure 1 illustrates a disposition of panels to indicate the method of the present invention; r t t P1 (X r r i F i) r i- 4, i i Figs. 2 and 3 show details of a typical roof panel which may be employed in the present invention; Fig. 4 illustrates techniques which may be employed to bond the vertical edges of adjacent panels together; Fig. 5 illustrates techniques which may be employed to bond the wall, floor, and footings together; Figs. 6 to 9 indicate various features which may be adopted in relation to roofs in accordance with the present invention; Figs. 10 to 11 indicate the structure of typical wall panels to be employed in the present invention; SFig. 12 shows how a roof panel might be fixed to c t an internal wall; Figs. 13 to 15 show the elements of a lifting rig which may be used to lift wall panels into t place; Fig. 16 shows how the lifting rig of Figs. 13 to 15 is used to engage a wall panel; Fig. 17 to 18 show how wall panels may be located 20 in position in preparation for their being bonded 4 4 together; Fig. 19 is a plan view of a roof panel; te Figs. 20 and 21 show a lifting rig applied to a panel as in Fig. 19.

In Fig. i, a precast concrete wall panel is shown supported over a concrete strip footing 10, upon concrete levelling blocks 12 and 13. The edge 14 of wall -3r-4 panel 10 is connected to the vertical edge 15 of panel 19, and a means by which this may be done is described in detail below. When the precast panels of a building are erected and joined together over their footings, the building floor 16 is poured, and the concrete of the floor is flowed beneath th: raised panels, around their supporting blocks so as to provide an integral concrete structure comprised of walls, footings, and floor.

Roofing panels 17 are lifted into place over the wall tops and various fascia structures 18 may be added to the building. The structural elements of roof panels, and the nature of various fascia structures, will be explained in greater detail below.

The process by which a building such as the onie shown in Fig. 1, is erected is as follows:- 1. The site is excavated as required, and the footings are poured.

2. The wall panels are stood on the footings and levelled.

i 20 3. The floor slab is poured.

4. The vertical edges of wall panels are joined to each other.

Precast roof panels are laid in place.

6. A waterproof membrane is put in place.

7. A roof slab is then poured.

Each of the above steps will become more clear in the following description of the various elements 4

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ii_ l lii~ 1IE~~ -~I~FYI- llq3~ of a building of the type of Fig. 1.

The structure of a completed roof is shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Precast concrete formwork panels are laid side by side over the tops of the precast walls, using apparatus described below. A waterproof membrane 24 is laid over the precast roof panels, and a concrete slab is poured over that. Polystyrene foam inserts 23 may be used within the slab 26.

Reinforcement mesh may be used in both the precast concrete formwork panels 20, and the insitu poured slab 26, and these are shown as items 21 and 25. Further reinforcement may be given to the roofing by the use of reinforced ribbing shown at 22. The structure described here may be employed over buildings of any size, with load bearing walls provided as required to support the roof slab as the scale of the building is increased.

Fig. 4 is a detail which shows how the vertical edges of the precast wall panels may be joined together.

A single pour joint is shown at 31, joining I t 'j 20 the edges of panels 27, 28 and 29. When the wall panels are in place, and the floor is poured, the joint is boxed to enable a concrete pour. Reinforcements such as are used to produce a structurally sound connection between the wall panels.

A two pour joint is shown at 32 between wall panels 33, 34 and 35. When the wall panels are in position, the joint is boxed and the first pour is 5 made between panel 35 up to part of the thickness of the wall panels 33 and 34. When cured, a foam insert 36 is added and the joint boxed over the external surfaces of walls 33 and 34 to enable a last pour to complete the joint. Reinforcements such as 37 may be employed so as to strengthen the joint.

In Fig. 4, panels 27, 28 and 29 are internal wall panels, and panels 33 and 34 are external wall panels. The formation of these precast wall panels is described in greater detail below.

The edges of the precast wall panels may be adapted in a variety of ways to enable their interconnection.

The edges may be grooved so as to receive jointing concrete therein and key the walls rigidly together. Various other forms of interconnection may be achieved with ±nset reinforcements prior to the pour being made.

Fig. 5 shows in greater detail how the footings, floor slab and precast wall panels are bonded together with an in situ poured floor slab.

Preformed footings 38 and 39 are shown with wall panels 40 and 41 thereover, with floor slab 42 connecting the components together. Footings 38 and 39 can be formed in the usual way as interconnected beams around the perimeter of the building and across its floor area as a network of elements beneath internal structural walls so as to provide strength to the slab to be formed thereover. Footings a8 and 39 may be 6-

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strengthened by lengthwise rod reinforcements and rectangular ligatures such as 43 in the usual manner. Rod I reinforcements such as 44 may be provided so as to interconnect footing and floor when the concrete floor slab is poured. Similarly reinforcements 45 may interconnect wall and floor. As is usual the floor slab 42 is thickened at 48 and 47 over the footings 38 and 39 with a membrabe 49 provided between slab 42 and the ground beneath.

Figs. 6 to 9 show various arrangements which may be adopted in respect to the roof.

j In Fig. 6, an edging structure is provided to Ha roof which is to be accessible and requires a waist level wall thereabout. The precast roofing formwork panel 20 is shown bolted to wall 50 by bolt 51. An upstanding precast reinforced concrete edging panel 52 is provided, and this establishes the boxing for the i concrete roof pour. A fascia formed of roof tiles on timber battens is formed over the edge of roof ,I 20 panel 20, at 53, with a capping strip 54 of galvanised iron thereover.

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Fig. 9 shows a variation of the structure of Fig. 6, where the roof is not accessible, and need not provide a safety wall around the perimeter.

In this case, the roof pour establishes an upstanding concrete rib 55 over which the fascia is provided.

Fig. 7 is a detail of how a fascia upstand -7

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I*I r may be provided. Frames 56 are provided over roof panel 20. These may be formed of standard steel angle iron to support battens 57 to 60 holding formwork panels 61 and 62 to enable an upstand pour of concrete therebetween.

Fig. 8 shows how a drainage pipe 63 may be provided so as to drain the roof surface.

Figs. 10 and 11 show two structures to be used as precast wall panels. Fig. ,0 is intended for external walls, and that of 11 is for internal walls.

In Fig. 10, a panel 64 is reinforced by mesh at 65a and 65b, with an internal polystyrene foam insert, with ties 67 extending across the 1 15 panel. The reinforce.ient is extended out the base of the panel so as to provide the bonding described above with the in situ formed floor.

In Fig, 11, the panel 69 is provided with a single layerof reinforcement 70 which extends St 20 out the base of the panel at 71.

Fig. 12 shows how the roof formwork panels are bolted to walls 73 by a bolt 74, after which the roof slab 72 is poured.

Figs. 13 to 16 show the elements of a lifting apparatus which may be used to lift precast wall panels into place.

In Fig. 13, a wall panel 76 is shown engaged 8 between the jaws of a lifting beam 77, with a fixed .jaw 78 at the lower end, and a movuable jaw 79, operated by a hydraulic jack 80, at the upper end. The operation of the device will be described below. The beam 77 may be formed with the usual web and chord members, as shown, to produce a rigid beam. Fig. 13 is section A-A through the complete rig of Fig. 15 with the beam interconnected to adjacent beams 81 and 82 by parallel cross pieces 83 and 84.

Fig. 14 shows a detailed sectionB-B through cross piece 83, illustrating the connection of lifting sling 84 to cross piece 83 via lug The lifting rig is used to lift a precast wall panel off a stack of panels, as shown in Fig. 16, to raise it to the vertical, and set it down on supporting Iand levelling blocks 86 and 87. The rig is dropped over wall panel 76, and the jaws are jacked into place by jack 80 so as to grasp the panel edges, whereupon, the rig may be lifted in sling 84.

Fig. 17 shows how the first panel to be erected may be held in place whilst subsequent panels are erected prior to formation of the in situ floor slab. A wall panel 88 is shown on its supporting and, levelling blocks 89, over a footing 90, held vertically by guy ropes extending from retaining plate 97 to pegs 93 and 94. Guy ropes 91 and 92 are provided with length adjusting devices, such as 95 and 96, 9to allow the adjustment as the wall panel is set to the vertical.

Fig. 18 shows how the various wall panels are temporarily supported prior to the completion of the vertical joints. Subsequent wall panels such as 98 and 99 are joined to panel 88 by temporary cross braces 100 and 101, joined at connector plates 102, 103 and 104. Once the vertical joints have been formed, the braces may be removed to enable the roof panels to be laid.

Fiq. 19 shows the components of a precast roof formwork panel 105 with cast in lifting lugs 106 to 113, which connect with a supporting rig 114 of Fig. whereby the formwork panel may be picked up and lowered sr into place.

t 15 A lifting beam 114 is connected to the cast in t' lugs 106, 108, 110 and 112 by support elements 115 to 118.

Fig. 21 is an end view >o more clearly show the action of the roof lifting apparatus.

ts Whilst the above has been given by way of 20 illustrative example, many modifications and variations •as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art may be made thereto without departing from the broad scope and ambit of the invention as herein set forth and claimed in the following claims.

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Claims (9)

1. A method of constructing a building comprising the steps of providing a site for said building; proviing a floor area to receive an in situ concrete slab; providing a plurality of spacer blocks on saia site auppermost faces of the blocks to the height of the in situ concrete slab to be poured; providing precast concrete wall panels and locatinG and levelling said panels in spaced edge relationship on said spacer blocks to space the wall panels from the floor area; pouring an in situ concrete slab to the height of the uppermost faces of the spacer blocks whereby the concrete passes between said spacer blocks and beneath the precast concrete wall panels to secure the panels in an operative O0 m position.

S2 A\ method of constructing a building as defined in o 0" claim 1 including a further step of joining said spaced edges.

3. A method of constrUoting a building as defined in claim 1 including thu further step of pourinf4 in ;itu to 0 concrete joints between said spaced edges to join said panels.

4. A method of constructing a building a8 defined in any one of claims 1-3, including the further stlps of fixing precast roof panels to said wall panels; and covertng said fixed root panels with a wltip)oof 12 membrane.

A method of constructing a building as defined in claim 4 including the further step of pouring an in situ *oncrete roof slab atop said waterproof membrane.

6. A method as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein at least some of the precast wall panels include an internal layer of insulating material.

7. A method as defined in any one of the preceding claims wherein said, precast panels include ;:einforcement, some S of which protrudes from said panels for linking to said respective in situ corncrete pours. 4 m

8. A method as defined in any one of the preceding coco claims wherein said joints are of sandwich construction having an internal uptight insulating layer.

9. A method as defined in any one of the preceding claims# said precast panels being cast on site one atop another on a casting bed in a cauting frame. A mthod as defined in any on.e o4 the preceding oe* claims wherein the site includes footings for supporting said building and the locating step includes positioning between 4t said wall panels and said footings a plurality of spaced a 0 levelling blocks, 1i. A method of constructing a building substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawigs. OATED this eighteenth day of May 1990, MICHAEL ORESKOVIC By His Patent Attorneys CULtE "1 i L