US1678504A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

July 24, 192s.

f c. w. GLOVER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Fil'ed March 5, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 July Z4, 1928.

C. W. GLOVER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Marohvs, 1926 2 sheets-sheet 2 l NvENToR CHARLES W GLovEl-e FErz1 a7 ATTORNEYS Patented July 24, 1928.

UNITED STATES' .arent yerics.

CHARLES VJILLAMC GLOVER, OF PINNER, EdilGLI'JAIN'B.V

BUILDING CGNSTRUCTION.

Application filed March 3, 1926, Serial No. 92,036, and in Great Britain December 10, '1925.

This invention Vrelates to improvements in they construction of buildings and more particularly to factory or the like buildings and especially to single `story buildings of this type.

The object of this invention is to enable buildings, especially those for factory use, to be erected quickly, cheaply and withV the greatest possible economy in the materials usedin the structure. A further object is to enable buildings having these qualities to be made of a permanent and durable character and to ensure the maximum of fire-resisting qualities and the rminimum of maintenance cost.

The erection of a building according to this vinvention Iis effected by meansof a seriesof columns adapted to support a number of wall sections each prepared close to the columns by being cast into frames laidr upon the ground or floor, and when set subsequently raised on edge so as to. assume a vertical position between a pair of columns, the vertical edges of the wall sections and the opposing vertical edges of a pair of Vcolumns having coacting means for secur-l ing each wall section in position. i The columns are preferably formed of reinforced concrete or other suitable composition and each consisting of a suitableupright column having arranged integrally therewith a suitably shaped and arranged v lower portion adapted to be embedded on they foundations and whichr form the footings of the structure. Between adjacent columns are supported sections of walling Y pre-cast to the desired 4form in suitable composition and with doorways and windowframes located |in the desired .positions therein. Such wall sections may conveniently be cast or formed on the ground or floor adjacent to the space .between a pair of columns in which the finished wall section is to be located. `By forming the wall sections in this manner upon a base of hessian, canvas or other suitable medium the finished wall when set may be readily raised in position and be located between the columns when the canvas or other medium Amay be stripped away. Suitable reinforcement may be incorporated in the wall sections.

The ,invention will be more clearly under? shaped and arranged lower stood by referencev to the accompanying two sheets of drawings illustrating somewhat diagrammatically embodiments of myv invention'.

In the drawings zl Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation-showing a column and wall Iin position, and a `will sec- -tion lying on ,the floor of the building ready for raising in position. j

Fig. 2 is anelevation at 'right angles to Fig. l showing how the wall sections are arranged in series with vertical columns in between adjacent wall sections, so that with the exception of end or corner columns,

one column serves'to support a vertical edge of a pair of wall sections.

F1513 is a section on the line Y-Y of Fig. 2 showing how'a pair of wall sections can be engaged in a column. y

Fig. l shows in sectional plan how acorner column can be arrangedr to support a pair of wall sections at an angle to each other. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view showing how a column can support more than twoy obtained where it is not convenient to employ vertical column and wall units each high enough for the purposes required.

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are sections on the line X-X of Fig. 7 showing how the upper columns and walls are erected.y

Referring to the drawings, a building is erected by Vproviding a series of columns Apreferably formed of reinforced concrete or other suitable composition and each consist ing of'a suitable upright column l. having arranged integrally therewith a 'suitably portion 2 adapted to' be embedded on the foundations 3 and which form the footings of the structure. Between adjacent columns are supportedv sections of walling 4 pre-cast to the desired form in suitable composition and with doorways and window-frames 5 located in the desired positions therein. Such wall sections may conveniently be cast or formed maar g on the ground or floor 6 adjacent to the space between a pair of columns 1 lin which the finished wall section is to. be located. By forming the wall sections in this manner upon a base of hessian, canvas or other suitable medium 7 the finished wall when set may be readily raised in position and be located between the columns 1 when the canvas or other medium 7 may be stripped away.

In carrying my invention into practiceJ l prefer to employ columns l formed of reinforced concrete or other suitable cempositicn, and this may conveniently be arranged of substantially L-shape, the upright portion 1 forming the column Whilst the horizontal member 2 forms the footing and is embedded on the foundations as hereinbefore mentioned. Such columns are arranged at intervals along the length of the wall of the factory or other building and their lower members or footinos 2 may be splayed out laterally as at 8 *ig 2) so as to provide the necessary area to support the structure in its foundations. rlhe footing 2 of each column 1 may be located in position in a suitable hole in the ground in the correct position on the site of the building, and may be embedded in concrete or other suitable material rammed into the hole when the column is correctly located. The inner faces of the columns are preferably vertical but the outer faces may taper from the base upwards so as to form external buttresses 9 to stiffen the structure and most effectively withstand stresses to which it will be subjected. The lower member of the column preferably extends beneath the floor 6 of the building facing inwardly from the wall. The columns 1 are of pre-cast monolith construction reinforced with mild steel or other suitable rods so as to resist bending and other stresses set up by shafting or other machinery supported on the walls orfcolumns or by other external forces such as wind. A suitable arrangement of the reinforcing rods in the columns consists in upright rods 10 adjacent to the inner face of the column and additional rods 11 arranged preferably parallel to the inclined outer face thereof. These rods extend down into the footing or lower member and additional reinforcing rods 12 and 13 are embedded in this lower member and project into the upright portion of the column. The reinforcement rods 12 may conveniently consist of a length of metal bent double at the toe or inner extension of the footing and arranged so that they extend substantially parallel to the upper face thereof. The lower part of the rod 10 extends to the heel or outer portion of the footing and is then bent upwardly to engage in the lower portion of the column and may finally terminate in an inturned hook 10a. The rod 12 projects along the footing near the upper face thereof and projects toward the back edge of the column and may terminate in a suitably bent-over or hook-shaped end 12a. One or more additional reinforcing members 13 extend diagonally across the inner corner of the unction of the column with its 4footing and a suitable fillet may be formed in the angle between the inner upright face of the column and the upper face of the footing to incorporate this additional reinforcement. The diagonal reinforcing member or members 13 comprise a steel or other. rod or rods extending diagonally across the corner of the column and its footing and may terminate in suitable hook shaped ends 13a. All reinforcement is suitably bound togetherwith binding wire or flat section mild steel stirrups or binders. r

The floor 6 of the building, which may be of concrete or other suitable material, is laid upon the ground or on suitable supports thereon and forms a suitable working platform for the construction of thel columns and wall sections. Each column is then cast in suitable moulds on the floor or brought pre-cast to the site and erected in turn in its correct position. Each section of wall may be cast or otherwise formed on the floor adjacent to the space between the pair of columns which it is to occupy. In casting the wall sectionsfthe layer of hessian, canvas or other suitable material 7 is laid upon the fieor and a temporary frame 14 is built round the space the wall is to occupyso as to enclose a space of the desired `shape and depth for the reception of the material of which the wall is to be formed. In suitable positions in the wall may be located doorways and window frames 5 of any desired known construction and these may be supported on temporary supports 15 of wood or the like so as to locate the frames in the wall at the required position and so as to be supported in the thickness of the wall. Such door and window frames may rest upon temporary upper and lower frames of wood or the like of the desired thickness and lateral projections upon the window or door frame project beyond the temporary frames so as to be embedded in the material of the wall. The wall is theny formed by casting concrete or other suitable composition within the frame and around the window and door frames until a wall of the desired thickness fs formed. After the wall has set, it may be readily erected by means of the canvas base and/or with the aid of suitable lifting eyes cast in the wall section and placed in position between two adjacent columns. The turning up and placing in position of the wall sections is done by any suitable means and by the use of ordinary lifting and hauling tackle which forms no part of the present invention. These columns may be provided with recessed grooves 16 on either side to accommodate the upright edges of the wall sections and in Vorder to enable each wall section to be engaged in position the column at one end of each wall'section is not fixed in correct position until after the wall section has been located as shownv in Fig. 2 in which the dotted lines 1*L indicate the temporary position of the column, ln this manner a column is erected and then a wall section raised into position. A column at the other end of the section is erected and another wall section arranged in position. A third column is located .at the free end of this section and so on until a sufiicient length of wall has been built up. When the wall section is engaged in the groove-d sides of the columns grouting or other means is provided for fixing it in position land the angle may be suitably pointed up afterwards.

Columns for the corners of a building are preferably arranged diagonally with their grooves corresponding in shape to the edges of the two wall sections which are at right angles to each other as shown in Fig. 1. Columns may also be arranged with recessed grooves on their inner or outer faces or both so as to sup-port wall sections extending at right angles to the main wall so as to act as partitions or secondary walls as shown in Fig. 5.

Where multi-story buildings are to be constructed according to my invention, the wall sections are mounted in the same manner as already described for the ground floor but rectangular recesses are formed in the top edgeV so that when the wall sections are erected in position form work for the rcinforced concrete string course passing over the head of the wall section may be rester direct onto this without inde aendent support. The columns are extended in monolithic reinforced concrete placed in situ between the form work and the ends of the wall sections so that the whole becomes rigidly fixed. This arrangement effects a great economy in the amount of false work required as the Wall section itself carries, during construction, the load of the string course or beam over the head of it. lf desired pre-cast beams or string courses recessed on the underside may be erected direct on the walling, the extension of the columns in the upper story forming the in situ binding member.

Suitable projections 17 may be formed upon the outer face of the columns preferably at or near the upper end thereof for use if required in future extensions. The wall sections 4 are preferably slightly higher than the columns so as to leave rectangular recesses between adjacent wall sections. Into these recesses engage the ends of the roof members 18 whichrest upon the tops of formed are set.

the columns 1 or they also serve for floor supports in a( multi-story building.` A suitable wall plate extendsk along the top of the wall sections to carry the actual rooting.

The upper columns 1 v.may be formed by placing channel section moulds 19 and Q0 over the junction of two wall panels so as to support the panels in the desired position and then filling ther moulds with concrete or the like. The moulds 19 and 2O are `subsequently removed after the columns thus This lis shown in Figs.` 8, 9 and 10. By this means a wall section can be erected and the two channel section elements 19 and 2O placed in position upon opposite sides of the wall section as shown .in Fig. 9 and secured temporarily by any suitable means. `The hollow space thus provided inside the members 19 and 2O isfsubsequently filled with cement, concrete or"r grouting rammed 'into position. The reinforcing rods of the lower column members 1 preferably extend partially into the space between the members 19 and 20. rllhe projections 17 of the columns 1 are arranged .near the top of the upper extensions of the columns and these projections 17 are provided with reinforcing rods 17a.

In the case of walling under a north light or saw tooth roof the triangular section of walling has the upper two sides permanently finished with timber or other wall plates attached thereto with bolts cast in the walling. Such wall plates function as two sides of the temporary timberL frame referred to above and thus effect an economy in the material temporarily required during construction.

Although concrete has been referred to throughout as the material for constructing the columns and wall sections, it is to be understood that any suitable composition may be employed but in order to obtain wall sections of a substantial thickness, adequate strength and minimum weight and cost7 it is preferred to employ any of the well known cement or concrete compositions having cavities or air spaces 'distributed throughout its thickness. Many materials of this type are known, such for instance as cement which is aerated so as to produce a multitude of small air cavities throughout the material so as to greatly reduce the quantity of material necessary for a given bulk of wall. Such material has further advantages in that it ofl'ers greater resistance to the passage of damp, heat and sound, and by reason of its lightness ensures further economies in the size and cost of the supporting framework of the structure.

As shown in Fig. 6, very strong columns 1b for interior supports can be obtained by employing H-section girders filled in with concrete or other suitable material. Further it will be clear that by making the feo upper floor 6L in Fig. 7 a. temporary floor it Would be possible to erect very high structures, for instance for use as barns or aerodromes under conditions Where it might not be convenient to employ very high one-piece columns l. i

I claim 1. A method of erecting buildings Which comprises the steps of erecting a plurality of columns having grooves to receive Wall sections, moulding a plurality of Wall sections on the ground adjacent the columns, alloW- ing the Wall sections to set, turning up each section into upright position between two columns, shifting a column to engage each Wall section and fixing each column in position when shifted.`

2. In the method of erecting buildings according to claim l forming additional stories by superimposing series of columns and with reinforcements Which project beyond the upper ends of the columns and casting supports for an upper extension about said reinforcements.

4. A method of erecting buildings which comprises the steps of erecting a plurality r of columns vhaving grooves to receive Wall sections on the ground on a movable surface of hessian, and subsequently utilizing the movable surface for raising the Wall sections to upright position, shifting Vthe columns laterally to engage the grooves thereof with the vertical edges of said Wall sections and uniting said columns to said Wall sections.

CHARLES WILLIAM GLovER.

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