EP0111116B1 - Plasmabrenner mit einer konischen Elektrode und einer Düse mit zumindest teilweise konischen Innenmantel - Google Patents

Plasmabrenner mit einer konischen Elektrode und einer Düse mit zumindest teilweise konischen Innenmantel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0111116B1
EP0111116B1 EP83110451A EP83110451A EP0111116B1 EP 0111116 B1 EP0111116 B1 EP 0111116B1 EP 83110451 A EP83110451 A EP 83110451A EP 83110451 A EP83110451 A EP 83110451A EP 0111116 B1 EP0111116 B1 EP 0111116B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
nozzle
conical
frustoconical portion
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83110451A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0111116A2 (de
EP0111116A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Josef Dr. Bebber
Heinrich-Otto Rossner
Gebhard Tomalla
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vodafone GmbH
Original Assignee
Fried Krupp AG
Mannesmann AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fried Krupp AG, Mannesmann AG filed Critical Fried Krupp AG
Priority to AT83110451T priority Critical patent/ATE46419T1/de
Publication of EP0111116A2 publication Critical patent/EP0111116A2/de
Publication of EP0111116A3 publication Critical patent/EP0111116A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0111116B1 publication Critical patent/EP0111116B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3436—Hollow cathodes with internal coolant flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma torch according to the preamble of claim 1 and a plasma torch according to the preamble of claim 2.
  • Such plasma torches are known from FR-A-1 375 669 and DE-C-1 440 628.
  • the durability of the electrodes and nozzles is particularly important in their operation.
  • the problems associated with this come to the fore wherever longer arc lengths of sometimes far more than 200 mm have to be used and where the atmosphere surrounding the torch contains gases that chemically, e.g. B. can attack by oxidation.
  • Such difficult conditions occur very often, for example, when operating metal melting furnaces with plasma torches.
  • the main wear mechanism for well-cooled electrodes made of refractory metals such as molybdenum, tantalum or tungsten with small amounts of emission material such as thorium oxide or zirconium oxide is the chemical one, insofar as the torches do not work in an environment inert to the electrodes Destruction of the electrodes.
  • FR-A-1 375 669 (there Fig. 7) is a generic plasma torch according to the preamble of claim 1 for generating a transmitted arc between its central electrode and a z. B. known by a workpiece counter pole.
  • the electrode is provided with a rounded tip, which is at a considerable distance from the front end of the nozzle channel.
  • the cooled nozzle has a strong cooling effect on the plasma arc, which in turn impairs its stability.
  • the arc attaches to the pointed electrode in a correspondingly small area, as a result of which the electrode is exposed to high thermal loads and corresponding wear.
  • the surface lines of the conical outer surfaces of the electrode and nozzle lying opposite one another are at least partially, preferably in the region of the electrode tip, arranged parallel to one another or the annular channel formed by the outer surfaces has a tapering profile toward the arc side.
  • the described shape of the nozzle and the electrode maintains this through the ring channel escaping gas a direction that ultimately brings about a decisive improvement in both the arc stability and the electrode protection against oxidation.
  • the extent of the protrusion of its end face behind the front end of the nozzle channel can be reduced under otherwise identical conditions.
  • the cone angle of the electrode likewise one of the cone angles of the inner jacket of the nozzle, is advantageously 24 °.
  • the otherwise plan-shaped arc end of the electrode according to claim 5 has a chamfer.
  • the arc end of the electrode is concave or convex in accordance with claim 6 and provided with a chamfer.
  • a high-melting metal such as, for example, molybdenum, tantalum or tungsten, is preferably used for the inner jacket of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle front part can consist of an insert which is connected by pouring, welding, soldering, press-fitting or as a removable part by screwing with the nozzle or the entire plasma torch.
  • the plasma torch shown in FIG. 1 essentially consists of an electrode 2, which is fastened to a liquid-cooled electrode holder 1, and a nozzle 9.
  • the electrode 2 in the front region has the shape of a truncated cone with a radius that decreases towards the end on the arc side.
  • the end of the electrode on the arc side which is essentially flat, has a circumferential chamfer 3.
  • the electrode can also be concave or convex. Since it is known that tapered ends round off after prolonged use, corner and edge-shaped designs should be avoided.
  • the length of the electrode 2 is between 10 and 20 mm.
  • the cone angle ⁇ of the electrode 2 is 24 °.
  • the jacket 8 of the electrode 2 is enveloped by the inner jacket 4 of the nozzle 9, so that an annular channel 10 is formed therebetween, the boundary lines (4, 8) generating jacket lines in the region of the. End face of the electrode 2 run parallel to each other or - at ⁇ > ⁇ - run towards each other in the direction of the arc.
  • the ring channel 10 is dimensioned such that the radial exit velocity of the ionizable gas flowing through in the cold state is between 3 and 17 m / s.
  • the outlet of the nozzle channel 5 located in front of the electrode 2 is cylindrical in the exemplary embodiments shown, but can also be conical.
  • the electrode 2 should protrude by about 1/4 to 1/3 of its smallest diameter behind the front end of the nozzle channel 5. This corresponds to e.g. B. at 20 mm diameter an amount of 5 to 6.5 mm. However, this amount should not be significantly greater than 6.5 mm, since then the cooling losses due to the part of the arc running in the nozzle channel become too high and, above all, there is the risk that the arc jumps to the nozzle 9 and secondary arcs form.
  • the ratio of the free length of the nozzle channel 5 to the electrode diameter can be reduced to values from 1/6 to 1/8 with approximately the same protection of the electrodes, so that the desired advantages can be achieved even with electrode diameters of more than 40 mm.
  • the nozzles 5 are not, as is generally the case, made of copper, copper alloys or steel, but instead have an insert 7 made of a high-melting metal, preferably tungsten.
  • This insert 7, which forms the inner jacket of the nozzle, can be cast in, welded, soldered, pressed in or as a removable part by screwing it onto the Plasma torch can be connected.
  • FIG. 2 An exemplary embodiment of a nozzle with a screwed insert 7 made of tungsten is shown in FIG. 2, for example.
  • This device has the particular advantage that a worn nozzle insert can be replaced within a short time and thus the replacement of the entire nozzle is not necessary.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
EP83110451A 1982-11-10 1983-10-20 Plasmabrenner mit einer konischen Elektrode und einer Düse mit zumindest teilweise konischen Innenmantel Expired EP0111116B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83110451T ATE46419T1 (de) 1982-11-10 1983-10-20 Plasmabrenner mit einer konischen elektrode und einer duese mit zumindest teilweise konischen innenmantel.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823241476 DE3241476A1 (de) 1982-11-10 1982-11-10 Verfahren zur einleitung von ionisierbarem gas in ein plasma eines lichtbogenbrenners und plasmabrenner zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3241476 1982-11-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0111116A2 EP0111116A2 (de) 1984-06-20
EP0111116A3 EP0111116A3 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0111116B1 true EP0111116B1 (de) 1989-09-13

Family

ID=6177711

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83110451A Expired EP0111116B1 (de) 1982-11-10 1983-10-20 Plasmabrenner mit einer konischen Elektrode und einer Düse mit zumindest teilweise konischen Innenmantel

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4594496A (zh)
EP (1) EP0111116B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS5999700A (zh)
AT (1) ATE46419T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE3241476A1 (zh)
FI (1) FI84548C (zh)
ZA (1) ZA838333B (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1531652B1 (en) 2003-11-14 2015-09-30 Thermacut s.r.o. Plasma arc cutting torch nozzle

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3435680A1 (de) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-03 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Plasmabrenner
AT381826B (de) * 1984-10-11 1986-12-10 Voest Alpine Ag Plasmabrenner
DE3642375A1 (de) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-23 Castolin Sa Verfahren zur aufbringung einer innenbeschichtung in rohre od. dgl. hohlraeume engen querschnittes sowie plasmaspritzbrenner dafuer
US4926632A (en) * 1988-02-01 1990-05-22 Olin Corporation Performance arcjet thruster
JPH0355792A (ja) * 1989-07-25 1991-03-11 Ebara Infilco Co Ltd 溶融炉のプラズマ発生装置
JP2681251B2 (ja) * 1993-07-14 1997-11-26 動力炉・核燃料開発事業団 プラズマジェットトーチ用拘束チップ
DE4440323A1 (de) * 1994-11-11 1996-05-15 Sulzer Metco Ag Düse für einen Brennerkopf eines Plasmaspritzgeräts
US6215089B1 (en) * 1998-06-02 2001-04-10 Inocon Technologie Gesellschaft M.B.H. Plasma welding torch
US6180911B1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2001-01-30 Retech Services, Inc. Material and geometry design to enhance the operation of a plasma arc
TW469757B (en) * 1999-12-13 2001-12-21 Nippon Steel Corp A transferred plasma heating anode
AT4599U1 (de) * 2000-06-21 2001-09-25 Inocon Technologie Gmbh Plasmabrenner
DE10047696A1 (de) * 2000-09-25 2002-04-18 Dilthey Ulrich Plasma-Pluspolbrenner für hohe Leistungsbereiche
ITRM20010291A1 (it) * 2001-05-29 2002-11-29 Ct Sviluppo Materiali Spa Torcia al plasma
US20060091117A1 (en) * 2004-11-04 2006-05-04 United Technologies Corporation Plasma spray apparatus
EP1689216A1 (en) * 2005-02-04 2006-08-09 Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) Atmospheric-pressure plasma jet
TWI352368B (en) * 2007-09-21 2011-11-11 Ind Tech Res Inst Plasma head and plasma-discharging device using th
US8698036B1 (en) 2013-07-25 2014-04-15 Hypertherm, Inc. Devices for gas cooling plasma arc torches and related systems and methods
AU2013408315B2 (en) 2013-12-19 2019-01-17 Oerlikon Metco (Us) Inc. Long-life plasma nozzle with liner

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3147329A (en) * 1955-07-26 1964-09-01 Union Carbide Corp Method and apparatus for heating metal melting furnaces
DE1440628B2 (de) * 1955-07-26 1971-04-22 Union Carbide Corp , New York, N Y (V St A) Lichtbogenbrenner fuer einen lichtbogenofen
DE1302390B (zh) * 1960-08-01 1970-12-17
US3027447A (en) * 1960-10-17 1962-03-27 Thermal Dynamics Corp Electric arc torch
FR1375669A (fr) * 1962-01-25 1964-10-23 Plasmadyne Corp Procédés et appareils pour souder et pour couper
US3214623A (en) * 1962-02-12 1965-10-26 Sheer Korman Associates Fluid transpiration plasma jet
GB995152A (en) * 1962-05-01 1965-06-16 British Oxygen Co Ltd Improvements in electric arc cutting apparatus
US3644782A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-02-22 Sheet Korman Associates Inc Method of energy transfer utilizing a fluid convection cathode plasma jet
DE2142331A1 (de) * 1971-08-24 1973-03-08 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Duesenkoerper fuer plasmaschneid- und/ oder schweissbrenner
JPS4834045A (zh) * 1971-09-06 1973-05-15
JPS5145638B2 (zh) * 1974-06-07 1976-12-04
HU172563B (hu) * 1975-01-27 1978-09-28 Villamos Ipari Kutato Intezet Sposob i plazmennyj generator dlja poverkhnostnogo rasplavlenija tvjordykh stroitel'nykh blokov
JPS5546266A (en) * 1978-09-28 1980-03-31 Daido Steel Co Ltd Plasma torch
JPS564352A (en) * 1979-06-20 1981-01-17 Nippon Steel Corp Electromagnetic rabbling method in continuous casting
DD151249A1 (de) * 1979-12-18 1981-10-08 Armin Gruenler Duese fuer ein hochstromplasmatron

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1531652B1 (en) 2003-11-14 2015-09-30 Thermacut s.r.o. Plasma arc cutting torch nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA838333B (en) 1984-07-25
EP0111116A2 (de) 1984-06-20
US4594496A (en) 1986-06-10
JPS5999700A (ja) 1984-06-08
FI84548B (fi) 1991-08-30
FI834038A0 (fi) 1983-11-03
FI84548C (fi) 1991-12-10
ATE46419T1 (de) 1989-09-15
DE3241476A1 (de) 1984-05-10
EP0111116A3 (en) 1985-10-09
DE3241476C2 (zh) 1990-02-22

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