Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
  • B03D1/00—Flotation
  • B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
  • B03D1/021—Froth-flotation processes for treatment of phosphate ores
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
  • B03D1/00—Flotation
  • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
  • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
  • B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
  • B03D1/00—Flotation
  • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
  • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
  • B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
  • B03D1/00—Flotation
  • B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
  • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
  • B03D2201/02—Collectors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
  • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
  • B03D2203/02—Ores
  • B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores

Definitions

• Such valuable minerals are, for example, apatite, fluorite, scheelite and other salt-like minerals, cassiterite and other heavy metal oxides, e.g. B. of titanium and zirconium, as well as certain silicates and aluminum silicates, the z. B. float in the presence of so-called collectors.
• Fatty acids, in particular unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid are often used as collectors.
• Other suitable collectors are e.g. Sulfonate surfactants such as alkyl aryl sulfonates, sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyl esters or alkyl or aryl phosphonates.
• collectors based on fatty acids or sulfonates are known to be comparatively unselective, since they are also suitable for flotation of silicate and carbonate minerals and are therefore only of limited use if it is necessary to separate such accompanying minerals from other valuable minerals. It is therefore necessary to add further aids or complex reagent mixtures in order to suppress the undesirable gaits.
• selective flotation in the presence of calcite as a gangue therefore represents a technical problem for which collectors containing fatty acids or sulfo groups have disadvantages in practice.
• the invention relates to the use of acyl lactylates of the formula in which R is an aliphatic, cyclic or alicyclic radical having 7 to 23 carbon atoms and X + is a hydrogen ion or a water-solubilizing, salt-forming cation, as a collector in the flotation of non-sulfidic minerals.
• acyl lactylates of the formula (I) are known; see Chemical Abstracts 55, 14 740i (1961); 60, 13803e (1964); 65, 619c (1966) and 80, 107951q (1974). Thereafter carboxylic acids or their functional derivatives such as acyl halides are mixed with lactic acid or salts of lactic acid, e.g. Sodium lactate, implemented at elevated temperatures.
• carboxylic acids or their functional derivatives such as acyl halides
• lactic acid or salts of lactic acid e.g. Sodium lactate
• the removal of the water of reaction formed or other volatile reaction products such as hydrogen halide can be accelerated by working under reduced pressure, introducing inert gases or using solvents which form azeotropes.
• suitable esterification catalysts can also be expedient.
• acyl esters and lactic acid esters derived from lower alcohols are transesterified with removal of the lower alcohol in the presence of transesterification catalysts.
• oligomeric lactyl lactylates and esters of oligomeric lactyl lactylates are formed in addition to the acyl lactylates.
• the reaction mixture can also contain minor amounts of unreacted starting material. These accompanying substances do not interfere with the use of the products according to the invention as flotation agents and can therefore remain in the product.
• Suitable carboxylic acids which are esterified with lactic acid are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and alkylaromatic carboxylic acids with up to 24 carbon atoms.
• the carboxylic acids can contain linear or branched radicals and can also be substituted, for example by hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carbonyl, ether or thioether groups. They are preferably derived from aliphatic, straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids.
• Examples include caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachic acid, undecenic acid, lauroleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid and clupanodonic acid.
• Mixtures of such fatty acids as are obtainable from naturally occurring fats of native or synthetic origin are usually used.
• Examples of native fatty acid mixtures are those obtained from tall oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil, tallow or castor oil.
• Lactylates of unsaturated fatty acids and of mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids which have at least 25% by weight, preferably more than 50% by weight of mono- and / or di-unsaturated fatty acids, in particular oleic acid, have proven to be particularly suitable.
• Such oleic acid-rich mixtures can be obtained by known technical separation processes from native fatty acid mixtures, e.g. from sebum fatty acids in the desired technical purity.
• the acyl lactylates can be present as free acids or as water-soluble salts. Suitable are salts of sodium, potassium, lithium and magnesium, further salts of ammonium and organic ammonium bases, e.g. B. salts of mono-, di- or triethanolamine, morpholine or guanidine. They are expediently used as sodium salts.
• the lactylates derived from oleic acid-rich fatty acid mixtures which are preferably to be used are viscous liquids with very low pour points, that is to say below -10 ° to -20 ° C. This is compared to the known fatty acid collectors based on technical oleic acids, which are viscous to pasty Products act as an additional advantage, since - unlike pasty agents - they can be dosed much faster or more precisely even at low temperatures and can be homogeneously distributed in the mineral slurry. They also develop an intensive, load-bearing foam in the presence of alkaline earth metal ions, ie even when using hard water, which is why in many cases it is not necessary to add additional foamers or additional collectors.
• acyl lactylates to be used in the flotation are - depending on the nature of the ore to be flotated and the desired separation success - between 100 and 1000 g / t (grams per ton of ore). These amounts can also be exceeded, but the selectivity can decrease in the case of overdoses.
• acyl lactylates In addition to the acyl lactylates, other common collectors, frothers and other flotation aids can be used in the flotation, which in certain cases can improve the results even further.
• anionic surfactants such as fatty acids and other carboxylic acid derivatives, sulfonation products of fatty oils or fatty acids, mineral oil sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkane sulfonates, sulfosuccinic acid esters or half-esters, sulfosuccinic acid amides or half-amides, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl or alkyl dialkyl phosphates Dialkyl ether phosphates and alkylphenol ether sulfates.
• Nonionic regulators such as long-chain alcohols, alkylphenols and their ethoxylation products, can also be present.
• their proportion based on the total amount of collectors and foaming agents present, should preferably be at least 25% by weight, in particular at least 40% by weight.
• pH regulators may be present, as well as inorganic or organic depressants such as water glass, starch and starch derivatives, lignin-based reagents such as lignin sulfonates, dextrins, tannic acids and tannic acid extracts, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose , Hydroxyethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose or other known protective colloids.
• inorganic or organic depressants such as water glass, starch and starch derivatives, lignin-based reagents such as lignin sulfonates, dextrins, tannic acids and tannic acid extracts, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose , Hydroxyethyl cellulose or methyl cellulose or other known protective colloids.
• lignin-based reagents such as lignin sulfonates, dextrins, tannic acids and tannic acid extracts
• the invention furthermore relates to a process for separating non-sulfidic minerals from an ore by flotation with mixing ground ore with water to form an ore suspension, characterized in that air is added to the suspension in the presence of an amount of a compound of the formula (I) which is effective as a collector initiates and separates the desired minerals from the resulting foam.
• the arrangement used for the flotation experiments consisted of a modified "Hallimond tube” according to B. DOBIAS in "Colloid & Polymer Sci. 259, 775-776 (1981), which had a volume of 160 ml.
• the apparatus was charged with 1.5 g of a ground phosphorite ore and a solution of the collector (type II) in a concentration of 28 mg / I corresponding to 3000 g / t.
• a concentrate was discharged while passing a nitrogen stream of 9.8 ml / min and stirring, which was analyzed as a function of time.
• the pH of the flotation solution was 9.5, the lactylate being in the form of the sodium salt.
• the results are summarized in Table I.
• the amount of the collector in g / t, in column 2 the flotation time in minutes, in column 3, the yield in percent by weight, based on the amount of P 2 0 5 submitted, and in column 4, the P 2 0 5 - reproduced the content of the applied concentrate.
• Table 2 shows the results of comparative tests.
• V 1 sodium oleate
• V2 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• V 3 a sodium sulfosuccinic acid monoalkyl ester (alkyl radical C 12-18 ) was used, each in a concentration of 3000 g / t ore.
• the collectors in experiments V 1 and V 2 are considerably less efficient than the compounds to be used according to the invention.
• the phosphate content of the raw ore used is not yet substantially depleted, which is why the content c in the concentrate is still relatively high at this point in time. This must be taken into account when comparing the test results.
• the flotation was carried out in one stage at a turbidity of 200 g / l, a speed of rotation of the mixing device of 1200 per minute, a pH of 11 and with the addition of water glass in an amount of 2000 g / t. 300 g / t fatty acid lactylate (Na salt, type II) were used as collectors.
• the flotation time was 4 minutes.
• the flotation was carried out for 4 minutes.
• 500 g / t water glass, 200 g / t dextrin and 750 g / t lignin sulfonate were added as pusher.
• oleic acid lactylate Na salt, type I
• sodium oleate V s
• sodium alkyl ether phosphate V 6 .
• the amount of use S of the collector in g / t, the pH of the solution and the test results can be found in Table IV.
• the application rate m is significantly higher compared to the known means.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

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• 1982
  • 1982-10-14 DE DE19823238060 patent/DE3238060A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1983
  • 1983-05-06 US US06/492,280 patent/US4457850A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1983-09-20 FI FI833363A patent/FI73369C/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-10-06 EP EP83109992A patent/EP0108914B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-10-06 DE DE8383109992T patent/DE3376804D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-10-06 AT AT83109992T patent/ATE34675T1/de active
  • 1983-10-13 ZA ZA837643A patent/ZA837643B/xx unknown
  • 1983-10-13 CA CA000438960A patent/CA1207092A/en not_active Expired
  • 1983-10-14 MX MX8310837U patent/MX7649E/es unknown

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