EP0108883A2 - Process for corrosion inhibition of printing machine cylinders - Google Patents
Process for corrosion inhibition of printing machine cylinders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0108883A2 EP0108883A2 EP83108957A EP83108957A EP0108883A2 EP 0108883 A2 EP0108883 A2 EP 0108883A2 EP 83108957 A EP83108957 A EP 83108957A EP 83108957 A EP83108957 A EP 83108957A EP 0108883 A2 EP0108883 A2 EP 0108883A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- dampening
- corrosion
- benzotriazole
- printing machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/08—Damping; Neutralising or similar differentiation treatments for lithographic printing formes; Gumming or finishing solutions, fountain solutions, correction or deletion fluids, or on-press development
Definitions
- the invention relates to a compound of formula 1H-benzotriazole.
- the flat printing process is based on the different wetting properties of printing ink and fountain solution. Influencing factors from a wide variety of problem areas, such as different dampening systems, printing plates, substrates and colors affect the printing process.
- a wide variety of fountain solution additives are known. The correct use of the fountain solution additives means an improvement in economy.
- DE-OS 2 914 255 it is known from DE-OS 2 914 255 to coat the surfaces of sheet-guiding cylinders to protect against the harmful effects of the materials used for printing and cleaning.
- Inhibitors to slow the rate of corrosion of metals are known.
- this inhibitor has not proven itself for the present problem.
- the object of the invention is to find a method by which the corrosive phenomena that occur in offset printing machines, especially on the cylinders, are prevented.
- a possibility is to be found to prevent the corrosion of nickel-plated cylinders.
- the solution to the problem is achieved according to the invention in that the compound 1H-benzotriazole is used as an additive for fountain solution in offset printing machines.
- 1H-benzotriazole has proven to be particularly effective for protecting nickel-plated cylinder surfaces. Surprisingly, the corrosion protection is complete at pH 5.5 and above. This is just a pH value that is preferably set for dampening solutions in the practice of offset printing.
- the additive or inhibitor 1H-benzotriazole shows in a particularly advantageous manner no side effects on the properties and function of the printing plate, and on the printability and drying of the printing ink.
- the inhibitor also has no harmful effects on the printing paper.
- 1H-Benzotriazole is colorless and does not change the color of the printing paper.
- the inhibitor does not affect the other components of the dampening solution and their effects.
- Components are e.g. Buffer system, agent for reducing the surface tension, as well as antimicrobial additives.
- Buffer system agent for reducing the surface tension
- antimicrobial additives e.g., antimicrobial additives.
- fountain solution additives must have an antimicrobial effect, i.e. preserve the fountain solution, because fountain solutions are generally good breeding grounds for microorganisms.
- the 1 shows a dampening unit 1 with a water tank 2 in the area of a plate cylinder 3.
- the plate cylinder 3 has a surface 4.1 on which a pressure plate rests.
- the water tank 2 is arranged in the central axis position of the plate cylinder 3. From the water tank 2 lead 8 and return lines 9 to a dosing and tempering 6, which is filled via an inlet valve 13.
- a pump 10 doses the liquid from the reservoir 6 into the water tank 2.
- the liquid is supplied via the inlet valve 13 from a water reservoir 5.
- a water pipe 14 fills the water reservoir 5 as required.
- a surface 4 of the printing cylinder 17 can e.g. be nickel plated.
- the liquid transfer to the pressure cylinder 17 takes place from the dampening unit 1.1. Here the liquid passes through a plate cylinder 3.1. From there, the liquid passes from below via a rubber cylinder 16.1 to the pressure cylinder 17 and thus enables the above-mentioned formation of corrosion.
Landscapes
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbindung der Formel 1H-Benzotriazol.The invention relates to a compound of formula 1H-benzotriazole.
Das Flachdruckverfahren beruht auf den unterschiedlichen Benetzungseigenschaften von Druckfarbe und Feuchtwasser. Dabei wirken sich Einflußgrößen aus den unterschiedlichsten Problembereichen, wie z.B. unterschiedlichen Feuchtwerken, Druckplatten, Bedruckstoffen sowie Farben sich auf den Druckprozeß aus. Es sind die unterschiedlichsten Feuchtwasserzusätze bekannt. Der richtige Einsatz der Feuchtwasserzusätze bedeutet eine Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit.The flat printing process is based on the different wetting properties of printing ink and fountain solution. Influencing factors from a wide variety of problem areas, such as different dampening systems, printing plates, substrates and colors affect the printing process. A wide variety of fountain solution additives are known. The correct use of the fountain solution additives means an improvement in economy.
Durch die DE-PS 599 435 ist es bekannt, durch Farbzusätze wie Diammoniumphosphat die Oxydation und Korrosion einer Zinkdruckplatte zu verhindern und diese Platte damit für die Verwendung im Trockenflachdruck geeignet zu machen.From DE-PS 599 435 it is known to prevent the oxidation and corrosion of a zinc printing plate by means of color additives such as diammonium phosphate and thus to make this plate suitable for use in dry flat printing.
Ebenso ist es durch die DE-PS 653 204 bekannt, dem Feuchtmittel für Metallflachdruckformen Ammoniumnitrat und Ammoniumphosphat zuzufügen.It is also known from DE-PS 653 204 to add ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate to the dampening solution for metal planographic printing plates.
Weiterhin ist es durch die DE-OS 2 914 255 bekannt, die Oberflächen von bogenführenden Zylindern zum Schutz vor den schädlichen Einflüssen der zum Drucken und Reinigen angewendeten Stoffe zu beschichten.Furthermore, it is known from DE-OS 2 914 255 to coat the surfaces of sheet-guiding cylinders to protect against the harmful effects of the materials used for printing and cleaning.
Die Schwierigkeiten und Nachteile bei Verwendung von Feuchtwasser werden in der DE-PS 653 204 aufgezeigt.The difficulties and disadvantages of using Dampening water is shown in DE-PS 653 204.
Inhibitoren zur Verlangsamung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Metallen sind bekannt. So ist in der Zeitschrift Metalloberfläche 33 (1979), Seite 112, der Zusatz Dicyandiamid = Cyanguanidin (C2H4N4) als guter Inhibitor für Stahl, Aluminium und Nickel beschrieben. Die Verwendung dieses Inhibitors hat sich aber für das vorliegende Problem aber nicht bewährt.Inhibitors to slow the rate of corrosion of metals are known. For example, the addition Metallic 33 (1979), page 112, describes the addition of dicyandiamide = cyanguanidine (C 2 H 4 N 4 ) as a good inhibitor for steel, aluminum and nickel. However, the use of this inhibitor has not proven itself for the present problem.
In der Zeitschrift "Corrosion", Vol. 32, Nr. 11, Nov. 76, wurde der Stoff Benzotriazol als Korrosionsinhibitor für Nickel und Nickeleisenlegierung untersucht. Die Untersuchungen wurden in 1N H2SO4 (pH 0,3) durchgeführt.In the magazine "Corrosion", Vol. 32, No. 11, Nov. 76, the substance benzotriazole was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for nickel and nickel iron alloy. The investigations were carried out in 1N H 2 SO 4 (pH 0.3).
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Dinge liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu finden, durch das die bei Offsetdruckmaschinen auftretenden Korrosinnserscheinungen vor allem an den Zylindern verhindert wird. Insbesondere soll eine Möglichkeit gefunden werden, die Korrosion von vernickelten Zylindern zu verhindern.Based on this state of the art, the object of the invention is to find a method by which the corrosive phenomena that occur in offset printing machines, especially on the cylinders, are prevented. In particular, a possibility is to be found to prevent the corrosion of nickel-plated cylinders.
Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß die Verbindung 1H-Benzotriazol als Zusatz für Feuchtmittel bei Offsetdruckmaschinen verwendet wird.The solution to the problem is achieved according to the invention in that the compound 1H-benzotriazole is used as an additive for fountain solution in offset printing machines.
Besonders wirksam hat sich der Zusatz von 1H-Benzotriazol zum Schutz von vernickelten Zylinderoberflächen erwiesen. Überraschenderweise ist der Korrosionsschutz bei einem pH-Wert von 5,5 und größer vollständig. Dies ist aber gerade ein pH-Wert, der bevorzugt für Feuchtmittel in der Praxis des Offsetdruckes eingestellt wird.The addition of 1H-benzotriazole has proven to be particularly effective for protecting nickel-plated cylinder surfaces. Surprisingly, the corrosion protection is complete at pH 5.5 and above. This is just a pH value that is preferably set for dampening solutions in the practice of offset printing.
Die vorteilhafte Wirkung des 1H-Benzotriazol als Zusatz tritt auch bei einem pH-Wert kleiner als 5,0 auf, hierbei ergibt sich eine Verminderung der Korrosion an den vernickelten Oberflächen der Druckmaschine um einen Faktor 7. Bei Gußoberflächen ergibt sich bei pH 5,5 eine Verminderung der Korrosion um 20%.The advantageous effect of 1H-benzotriazole as an additive also occurs at a pH value of less than 5.0, which results in a reduction in corrosion on the nickel-plated surfaces of the printing press by a factor of 7. For cast surfaces, this results in pH 5.5 a 20% reduction in corrosion.
Der Zusatz, bzw. Inhibitor 1H-Benzotriazol zeigt in besonders vorteilhafter Weise keine Nebenwirkungen auf die Eigenschaften und Funktion der Druckplatte, sowie auf die Verdruckbarkeit und Trocknung der Druckfarbe.The additive or inhibitor 1H-benzotriazole shows in a particularly advantageous manner no side effects on the properties and function of the printing plate, and on the printability and drying of the printing ink.
Ebenso hat der Inhibitor keine schädlichen Einflüsse auf das Druckpapier. 1H-Benzotriazol ist farblos und verändert die vorliegende Farbe des Druckpapieres nicht.The inhibitor also has no harmful effects on the printing paper. 1H-Benzotriazole is colorless and does not change the color of the printing paper.
Weiterhin beeinträchtigt der Inhibitor nicht die anderen Komponenten des Feuchtmittels und deren Wirkungen. Komponenten sind z.B. Puffersystem, Mittel zur Reduzierung der Oberflächenspannung, sowie antimikrobielle Zusätze. Gerade bei der Inbetriebnahme von großen Offsetdruckmaschinen mit zentraler Feuchtwasserversorgung hat sich gezeigt, daß Feuchtwasserzusätze antimikrobiell wirken müssen, d.h. das Feuchtwasser konservieren, denn Feuchtwasser sind allgemein gute Nährböden für Mikroorganismen.Furthermore, the inhibitor does not affect the other components of the dampening solution and their effects. Components are e.g. Buffer system, agent for reducing the surface tension, as well as antimicrobial additives. Especially when commissioning large offset printing presses with a central fountain solution, it has been shown that fountain solution additives must have an antimicrobial effect, i.e. preserve the fountain solution, because fountain solutions are generally good breeding grounds for microorganisms.
Weitere Vorteile und wesentliche Merkmale der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen und der beigefügten Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen hervor.Further advantages and essential features of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the attached description in connection with the schematically illustrated exemplary embodiments.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1 einen Detailausschnitt eines Feuchtwerkes innerhalb einer Druckmaschine,
- Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht der gesamten Druckmaschine mit der Anordnung der Zylinder und Farb- und Feuchtwerken.
- 1 shows a detail of a dampening unit within a printing press,
- Fig. 2 is a side view of the entire printing press with the arrangement of the cylinders and inking and dampening units.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein Feuchtwerk 1 mit einem Wasserkasten 2 im Bereich eines Plattenzylinders 3. Der Plattenzylinder 3 weist eine Oberfläche 4.1 auf, an der eine Druckplatte anliegt. In Achsenmittellage des Plattenzylinders 3 ist der Wasserkasten 2 angeordnet. Vom Wasserkasten 2 führen Vor- 8 und Rücklaufleitungen 9 zu einem Dosier- und Temperiervorlagebehälter 6, der über ein Einlaßventil 13 befüllt wird. Eine Pumpe 10 dosiert die Flüssigkeit vom Vorlagebehälter 6 in den Wasserkasten 2. Der Zulauf der Flüssigkeit über das Einlaßventil 13 erfolgt aus einem Wasservorlagebehälter 5. Eine Wasserleitung 14 füllt je nach Bedarf den Wasservorlagebehälter 5.1 shows a
In Fig. 2 ist die Anordnung der Feuchtwerke 1 und 1.1 innerhalb einer Druckmaschine 18 dargestellt. Die Flüssigkeit gelangt z.B. vom Feuchtwerk 1 über den Plattenzylinder 3 auf einen Gummizylinder 16 und weiter von diesem auf den Druckzylinder 17.2 shows the arrangement of the dampening
Eine Oberfläche 4 des Druckzylinders 17 kann je nach Oberflächenveredelung z.B. vernickelt sein. Die Flüssigkeitsübertragung auf den Druckzylinder 17 erfolgt aus dem Feuchtwerk 1.1. Hier gelangt die Flüssigkeit über einen Plattenzylinder 3.1. Von diesem gelangt die Flüssigkeit von unten her über einen Gummizylinder 16.1 zu dem Druckzylinder 17 und ermöglicht damit die oben genannte Korrosionsbildung.Depending on the surface finish, a surface 4 of the
- 1 Feuchtwerk1 dampening system
- 1.1 Feuchtwerk1.1 dampening system
- 2 Wasserkasten2 water boxes
- 3 Plattenzylinder3 plate cylinders
- 3.1 Plattenzylinder3.1 plate cylinder
- 4 Oberfläche4 surface
- 4.1 oberer Plattenzylinder4.1 upper plate cylinder
- 5 Wasservorlagebehälter5 water storage tanks
- 6 Dosier- und Temperierbehälter6 dosing and tempering tanks
- 8 Vorlagebehälter8 storage containers
- 9 Rücklaufleitung9 return line
- 10 Pumpe10 pump
- 12 Kühlschlange12 cooling coil
- 13 Einlaßventil13 inlet valve
- 14 Wasserleitung14 water pipe
- 15 Schwimmer15 swimmers
- 16 Gummizylinder16 rubber cylinders
- 16.1 Gummizylinder16.1 rubber cylinder
- 17 Druckzylinder17 printing cylinders
- 18 Druckmaschine18 printing press
Claims (3)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindung als Zusatz für Feuchtmittel bei Offsetdruckmaschinen verwendet wird.1.) Compound of the formula C 6 H 5 N 3 (1H-benzotriazole)
characterized in that the compound is used as an additive for dampening solution in offset printing machines.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß dem Feuchtmittel zwischen 0,5 - 5g 1H-Benzotriazol auf ca. 10 Liter Feuchtmittel beigemischt wird.2.) Method for producing the dampening solution according to claim 1,
characterized,
that between 0.5 - 5g 1H-benzotriazole is mixed into about 10 liters of dampening solution.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Feuchtmittel während des Druckens einen pH-Wert größer als 5,0 aufweist.3.) Method according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the fountain solution has a pH greater than 5.0 during printing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83108957T ATE39336T1 (en) | 1982-11-13 | 1983-09-10 | PROCEDURE TO PREVENT CORROSION ON PRESS CYLINDERS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3242104A DE3242104C1 (en) | 1982-11-13 | 1982-11-13 | Use of an additive for corrosion protection of printing cylinder surfaces |
| DE3242104 | 1982-11-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0108883A2 true EP0108883A2 (en) | 1984-05-23 |
| EP0108883A3 EP0108883A3 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| EP0108883B1 EP0108883B1 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
Family
ID=6178109
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83108957A Expired EP0108883B1 (en) | 1982-11-13 | 1983-09-10 | Process for corrosion inhibition of printing machine cylinders |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0108883B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE39336T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3242104C1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0358113A2 (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Fountain solution for offset printing |
| US5523194A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-06-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fount solutions for planographic printing processes |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB345263A (en) * | 1929-12-09 | 1931-03-17 | American Multigraph Co | Improvements in or relating to printing processes |
| FR2136447A5 (en) * | 1971-04-15 | 1972-12-22 | Apeco Corp |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3969237A (en) * | 1973-03-22 | 1976-07-13 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lubricant compositions containing benzotriazole derivatives as copper passivators |
-
1982
- 1982-11-13 DE DE3242104A patent/DE3242104C1/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-09-10 AT AT83108957T patent/ATE39336T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-10 EP EP83108957A patent/EP0108883B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-10 DE DE8383108957T patent/DE3378725D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB345263A (en) * | 1929-12-09 | 1931-03-17 | American Multigraph Co | Improvements in or relating to printing processes |
| FR2136447A5 (en) * | 1971-04-15 | 1972-12-22 | Apeco Corp |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CORROSION, Band 32, Nr. 11, November 1976, Seiten 438-442, Houston, Texas, US; W.D. JEFFERS et al.: "Effect of oxygen on the electrochemical and corrosion behavior of rotating nickel disks in H2SO4" * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0358113A2 (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-03-14 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Fountain solution for offset printing |
| EP0358113A3 (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-09-26 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Fountain solution for offset printing |
| US5523194A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-06-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fount solutions for planographic printing processes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0108883A3 (en) | 1986-08-20 |
| DE3378725D1 (en) | 1989-01-26 |
| ATE39336T1 (en) | 1989-01-15 |
| DE3242104C1 (en) | 1985-08-14 |
| EP0108883B1 (en) | 1988-12-21 |
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