EP0107755A1 - Accumulateur d'énergie réalisé comme dispositif à évaporation directe - Google Patents

Accumulateur d'énergie réalisé comme dispositif à évaporation directe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107755A1
EP0107755A1 EP83107484A EP83107484A EP0107755A1 EP 0107755 A1 EP0107755 A1 EP 0107755A1 EP 83107484 A EP83107484 A EP 83107484A EP 83107484 A EP83107484 A EP 83107484A EP 0107755 A1 EP0107755 A1 EP 0107755A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ice
energy store
aqueous solution
compartment
absorber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83107484A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Dr. Ehrsam
Jost Dr. Hänny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Sulzer AG
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sulzer AG, Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0107755A1 publication Critical patent/EP0107755A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/006—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the sorption type system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy store designed as a direct-working evaporator for an absorption heat pump system serving to heat and / or cool a building, in which water circulates as working fluid through evaporators, absorbers, expellers, condensers and expansion elements, and a hygroscopic pump that can be pumped even at high concentrations Absorbent with the help of a pump penetrates the absorber and the expeller, whereby on the one hand the heat of absorption and on the other hand the heat of condensation is used for heating purposes or is dissipated as waste heat in the case of cooling, and furthermore the energy store in which a part of the water at least during part times is stored as ice, is part of a second work cycle with at least one low-temperature heat source or a cold consumer.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate this disadvantage of the known energy store. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that an aqueous solution in which at least one solute brings about a lowering of the freezing point by at least 1 K serves as the working medium in the energy store.
  • Inorganic salts have proven to be suitable as freezing point-lowering substances for the formation of the aqueous solution.
  • a concentration of at least 17 g / 1 is required.
  • the same substances for lowering the freezing point which - such as an aqueous mixture of caustic soda and potassium hydroxide (NaOH + KOH) in a ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1 - serve as absorbents in the heat pump system, whereby however, the concentration of the aqueous solution in the energy store is selected so that the freezing point of this solution is preferably between -1 C and -2 ° C; for example at ei ner absorber liquid, each consisting of 50% sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, serve as an aqueous solution of a dilution of this absorbent, in which at least about 8 g / 1 NaOH and KOH are present.
  • the concentrations of the two alkaline solutions in the aqueous solution change if a different mixing ratio is selected in the absorber liquid, ie the absorbent, of the heat pump system.
  • a lockable connecting line leads from the absorber into the liquid space of the energy store in order, if necessary, to increase the concentration of the aqueous solution by feeding in concentrated absorber liquid.
  • the bigger ones Crystals grow into spherical grains, the diameter of which is of the order of 1 mm. Due to their lower specific weight compared to the solution, the ice crystals float upwards in the solution, forming a thickened ice pulp that does not cake to a compact mass.
  • the ice pulp is flowable and can therefore be fed directly into the second working medium circuit, which contains a low-temperature heat source or a cold consumer.
  • the amount of water evaporating in the evaporator area can be increased if a line provided with a pump leads from the liquid area into the steam area of the energy store and ends in a number of spray nozzles; however, it is also possible to distribute the work equipment supported by this line over trickle bodies. Both measures increase the free surface of the work equipment through which the water must evaporate.
  • the energy store can advantageously be designed such that its liquid region filled with aqueous solution is divided into two compartments, with evaporation and ice production taking place in one crystallization compartment, while the ice pulp formed is stored in the other compartment;
  • the storage compartment can be arranged below the ice-making compartment by a height difference AH. You choose about as height differences of 10 m, the vacuum / vacuum in the crystallization compartment can be at least approximately equalized against the ambient pressure for the storage compartment.
  • a self-emptying nozzle is available for feeding the condensate into the energy store.
  • means are provided by which the aqueous solution located in the crystallization or evaporator compartment is moved, new crystallization nuclei continuously arise from the existing ice crystals due to grain breakage and abrasion.
  • Such means are, for example, propellant jets which are generated by suitable shaping of the nozzle-equipped line between the liquid and the vapor area and which set the aqueous solution in motion in the evaporator compartment.
  • measures can be taken by which the flow in the evaporator or ice-making compartment is guided in such a way that relatively large ice crystals are preferably supplied to the storage compartment.
  • a steam line 10 connects the evaporator region 12 to an absorber 2
  • the water vapor 11 is absorbed by an absorbent with the development of heat and collected at the bottom of the absorber 2 as an absorber liquid 21 enriched with water.
  • the heat thus developed is dissipated with the aid of a coolant 61 circulating in a coil 63 - in the present case, for example, water serving as the heat carrier of a hot water heater 6.
  • a mixture of 50% sodium hydroxide solution and 50% potassium hydroxide solution is used as the absorber liquid or absorbent 21. Since the dissolved substances in the aqueous solution 71 and in the absorber liquid 21 are different, a droplet separator 14 is provided in the steam line 10, which prevents liquid droplets from passing from the aqueous solution 71 into the absorber liquid 21.
  • a connecting line 27 with a shut-off device 28 can be provided be absorbed liquid 21 through which concentrated aqueous solution 71 can be supplied if an increase in concentration is required therein.
  • a line 20 for the transport of the water-enriched absorber liquid 21, a line 20, in which a circulation pump 22 is provided, leads via a heat exchanger 23 from the absorber 2 to an expeller 3. This is heated with the aid of a heat exchanger 53, which is connected via a line 50 to a Heat source 5 is connected, in which, for example, waste heat of a higher temperature is available.
  • the heat source 5 can also consist of a burner for fossil fuels or solar collectors through which a heat transfer medium 51, e.g. Water is heated, which circulates with the aid of a pump 52 through the heat exchanger 53 and the line 50.
  • the liquid level of the condensate in the absorber 2 can be kept at least approximately at a constant level by influencing a throttle element (not shown) in the line 29 by a level controller, for example a float.
  • a short-circuit line 25 for the absorber 2 is provided between the lines 20 and 29, in which an adjustable throttle element 26 is provided.
  • the short-circuit line 25 serves to set the optimal throughput of the absorber liquid 21 through the absorber 2.
  • the condenser 4 in which the steam 31 expelled in the expeller 3 is condensed, contains a heat exchanger 64. This is connected downstream of the heat exchanger 63 in the flow direction of the coolant 61 circulating therein, which, for example, as mentioned, is the return water of a hot water heating system 6, and via a line 60 is connected to the heating system 6.
  • the circulation of the coolant 61 is maintained by a circulation pump 62 which is provided in the line 65 leading from the heating system 6 to the heat exchanger 63.
  • the condensed water vapor collects as condensate 41 at the bottom of the condenser 4; connected to this is a line 40, which leads via a relaxation element 42 to a self-draining condensate connector 15 on the energy store 1, whereby the working medium circuit of the heat pump system is closed.
  • the self-emptying nozzle 15 is intended to prevent the condensate line 40 from being closed by standing water which solidifies into ice when the system is at a standstill in the cold state.
  • Vacuum pumps (not shown), which can be provided, for example, on the condenser 4 and the absorber 2, are used to maintain the vacuum of approximately 5 mbar, for example in the event of gas ingress.
  • the memory 1 is equipped with an internal circuit;
  • a pump 72 conveys aqueous solution 71 from the liquid area or storage space 13 into the evaporator area or steam space 12 through a line 70, the line 70 ending in spray nozzles 73.
  • the droplets 76 sprayed in the steam chamber 12 through the nozzles 73 partially evaporate and thereby change into a supercooled state.
  • the supercooled droplets 76 freeze water from the solution 71 in the form of small crystals 78; these ice crystals 78 float due to their lower specific weight compared to solution 71 and thus form an aqueous ice pulp 79 together with solution 71.
  • the line 70 of the internal circuit preferably starts from the bottom area of the storage space 13, since only a few ice crystals 78 float around in the solution 71; if necessary, the suction end of line 70 may also be provided with a solid particle-retaining screen, not shown.
  • the second working medium circuit through the energy store 1 containing at least one low-temperature heat source or a cold consumer has a line 80 which branches off from the line 70 on the suction side of the pump 72 and leads via a separate feed pump 82 to the low-temperature heat source, not shown.
  • a line 85 leads from the latter, which leads back to the energy store 1 and opens into the connector 15, as a result of which the second working medium circuit is closed.
  • cold, aqueous solution can circulate through the circuit 80, 85; this solution 71, the temperature of which is ⁇ 0 ° C according to the invention and is preferably -1 ° C to -2 ° C, is in the Low-temperature heat source or cold consumer warmed up before it flows back into storage 1.
  • the cold transport can also be carried out by means of the ice slurry, as already mentioned.
  • the advantage is gained that by utilizing the latent heat of fusion at the same currents per unit of time, greater heat transport is achieved than with sensible heat, and that the temperature of the coolant remains practically constant as long as there is ice in the coolant.
  • the liquid space or region receiving the aqueous solution is divided into two compartments 13a and 13b separated by a partition 17.
  • the upper crystallization compartment 13a which has a liquid surface to the vapor space 12, serves for evaporation and ice production, while the lower one, which is the actual storage compartment 13b, in which the ice pulp 79 is stored.
  • Both compartments 13a and 13b are connected to one another via a pipe 18 leading into the bottom region of the storage compartment 13b, in which freshly produced ice cream is conveyed into the storage compartment 13b.
  • the line 70 ends in a curved pipe section equipped with spray nozzles 73 (only one of which is shown), which is closed off by a nozzle 74. From this nozzle 74, the aqueous solution 71 emerges as a relatively sharp jet 75 which rotates the ice / liquid mixture in the ice making compartment 13a.
  • the propulsive jet strikes the surface of the liquid flatly and is directed towards the wall, so that part of the ice crystals 78 floating on top are driven against the wall.
  • new crystallization nuclei are continuously formed by grain breakage and abrasion by mutual rubbing of the crystals and rubbing on the wall.
  • the predominant part of the ice crystals 78 moves to the centrally arranged drain line 18. The further the crystals have moved from their place of origin in wall zone 77, the larger they have grown due to ice build-up. Therefore, larger crystals preferably enter the ice store 13b.
  • the aqueous solution 71 flowing from the line 85 to the energy store 100 which has been heated in the low-temperature heat source or the cold consumer, is not directly via the line 70 for evaporation and ice brought generation, it is returned via the suction end of the line 70 in the ice storage 13b. It passes through the funnel 19 into the uppermost layers of the ice pulp 79, in which the oldest ice crystals 78 are present, which are the first to be melted by this warm solution 71. In these uppermost layers, the ice crystals 78 are present in a relatively compact form, since they are compressed by their buoyancy and the aqueous solution 71 flowing upward in the storage space 13b, which solution is then drawn off by the funnel 77.
  • the return of the warm solution 71 into the storage compartment 13b - and not into the crystallization compartment 13a - further ensures that the ice crystals in the ice-making compartment 13a are not melted by the warm solution 71, so that even after an interruption in the ice-making process if it is not takes too long, in the aqueous solution 71 in the ice making compartment 13a ice crystals are present as crystallization nuclei for the renewed ice formation.
  • the crystallization compartment 13a and the storage compartment 13b are expediently at different levels arranged so that there is a height difference HH between them. If this difference in height corresponds to a water column of approximately 10 m, the negative pressure prevailing in the crystallization compartment 13a can be compensated for the storage compartment 13b, so that, for example, the circuit 80, 85 operates at the level of the ambient pressure.
  • ice-free aqueous solution 71 is to be fed into the crystallization compartment 13a from the storage compartment 13b, it is also possible in this case - i.e. if the buoyancy of the lighter ice alone is not sufficient for the separation of the solid and liquid phases - it is necessary to attach a sieve to the suction end of the line 70 in the reservoir 13b, as has already been described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
EP83107484A 1982-10-27 1983-07-29 Accumulateur d'énergie réalisé comme dispositif à évaporation directe Withdrawn EP0107755A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH626482A CH659314A5 (de) 1982-10-27 1982-10-27 Als direkt wirkender verdampfer ausgebildeter energiespeicher.
CH6264/82 1982-10-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0107755A1 true EP0107755A1 (fr) 1984-05-09

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EP83107484A Withdrawn EP0107755A1 (fr) 1982-10-27 1983-07-29 Accumulateur d'énergie réalisé comme dispositif à évaporation directe

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EP (1) EP0107755A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH659314A5 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003577A1 (fr) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-19 Michael Laumen Machine frigorifique ou pompe a chaleur avec une pompe a jet comme compresseur
FR2584174A1 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-02 Coldeco Sa Procede de generation, d'accumulation et de restitution de frigories et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO1987004509A1 (fr) * 1986-01-18 1987-07-30 Coldeco S.A. Procede d'accumulation et de restitution de froid et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO1987004510A1 (fr) * 1986-01-18 1987-07-30 Coldeco S.A. Procede pour generer du froid et pour l'utiliser, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO1989000668A1 (fr) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-26 Sunwell Engineering Company Limited Appareil de stockage et de distribution de glace
WO1989000382A1 (fr) * 1987-07-20 1989-01-26 Sunwell Engineering Company Limited Procede et appareil permettant de refrigerer des poissons a bord d'un bateau
US4912935A (en) * 1987-09-17 1990-04-03 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Ice storage and distribution unit
US4936102A (en) * 1987-07-20 1990-06-26 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Method and apparatus for cooling fish on board a ship
US5035733A (en) * 1987-07-17 1991-07-30 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Ice storage and distribution unit
WO1997014919A1 (fr) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Abb Installaatiot Oy Procede et dispositif de production d'energie de refroidissement
WO2001090663A1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Thermal Energy Accumulator Products Pty Ltd Systeme de chauffage et refroidissement super efficace multi-usage
FR2951256A1 (fr) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-15 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de climatisation comprenant un reservoir a niveau regule
DE102018000896A1 (de) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Optimize Gmbh Wärmegewinnung aus Umgebungsluft über einen regelbaren Rieselkörperkondensator zur Regeneration eines Eisspeichers oder anderer niedrigtemperaturiger Speicher

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1366933A (fr) * 1963-06-04 1964-07-17 Perfectionnements à la fabrication de la glace en écailles
DE1194880B (de) * 1962-07-02 1965-06-16 Ernst Sigurd Gustaf Folke Wikl Messverfahren bei Kaelteanlagen
US3247678A (en) * 1963-10-02 1966-04-26 John W Mohlman Air conditioning with ice-brine slurry
US3561227A (en) * 1968-08-05 1971-02-09 Judson S Swearingen Absorption refrigeration system, method and apparatus for external circulation of absorbent
US4003213A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-01-18 Robert Bruce Cox Triple-point heat pump
DE2900372A1 (de) * 1978-01-06 1979-07-12 Laszlo Simon Anlage zum speichern von kontinuierlich erzeugter kaelte und zum stossweisen abgeben mindestens eines teils der gespeicherten kaelte
EP0010551A1 (fr) * 1978-09-13 1980-05-14 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Système de pompe à chaleur à absorption
FR2491607A1 (fr) * 1980-10-02 1982-04-09 Alfa Laval Cie Agri Cool Procede et dispositif de stockage d'energie thermique a basse temperature et leur application
US4334412A (en) * 1979-11-15 1982-06-15 Robert Wildfeuer Cooling system
DE3107240A1 (de) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden Waermespeicher mit latentspeichermedium

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1194880B (de) * 1962-07-02 1965-06-16 Ernst Sigurd Gustaf Folke Wikl Messverfahren bei Kaelteanlagen
FR1366933A (fr) * 1963-06-04 1964-07-17 Perfectionnements à la fabrication de la glace en écailles
US3247678A (en) * 1963-10-02 1966-04-26 John W Mohlman Air conditioning with ice-brine slurry
US3561227A (en) * 1968-08-05 1971-02-09 Judson S Swearingen Absorption refrigeration system, method and apparatus for external circulation of absorbent
US4003213A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-01-18 Robert Bruce Cox Triple-point heat pump
DE2900372A1 (de) * 1978-01-06 1979-07-12 Laszlo Simon Anlage zum speichern von kontinuierlich erzeugter kaelte und zum stossweisen abgeben mindestens eines teils der gespeicherten kaelte
EP0010551A1 (fr) * 1978-09-13 1980-05-14 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Système de pompe à chaleur à absorption
US4334412A (en) * 1979-11-15 1982-06-15 Robert Wildfeuer Cooling system
FR2491607A1 (fr) * 1980-10-02 1982-04-09 Alfa Laval Cie Agri Cool Procede et dispositif de stockage d'energie thermique a basse temperature et leur application
DE3107240A1 (de) * 1981-02-26 1982-09-23 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg, 3450 Holzminden Waermespeicher mit latentspeichermedium

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003577A1 (fr) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-19 Michael Laumen Machine frigorifique ou pompe a chaleur avec une pompe a jet comme compresseur
FR2584174A1 (fr) * 1985-06-27 1987-01-02 Coldeco Sa Procede de generation, d'accumulation et de restitution de frigories et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO1987004509A1 (fr) * 1986-01-18 1987-07-30 Coldeco S.A. Procede d'accumulation et de restitution de froid et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
WO1987004510A1 (fr) * 1986-01-18 1987-07-30 Coldeco S.A. Procede pour generer du froid et pour l'utiliser, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US5035733A (en) * 1987-07-17 1991-07-30 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Ice storage and distribution unit
WO1989000668A1 (fr) * 1987-07-17 1989-01-26 Sunwell Engineering Company Limited Appareil de stockage et de distribution de glace
WO1989000382A1 (fr) * 1987-07-20 1989-01-26 Sunwell Engineering Company Limited Procede et appareil permettant de refrigerer des poissons a bord d'un bateau
EP0320026A1 (fr) * 1987-07-20 1989-06-14 Sunwell Engineering Company Limited Procédé et dispositif de réfrigération de poissons à bord d'un navire
US4936102A (en) * 1987-07-20 1990-06-26 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Method and apparatus for cooling fish on board a ship
US4912935A (en) * 1987-09-17 1990-04-03 Sunwell Engineering Company Ltd. Ice storage and distribution unit
WO1997014919A1 (fr) * 1995-10-17 1997-04-24 Abb Installaatiot Oy Procede et dispositif de production d'energie de refroidissement
WO2001090663A1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Thermal Energy Accumulator Products Pty Ltd Systeme de chauffage et refroidissement super efficace multi-usage
FR2951256A1 (fr) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-15 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Dispositif de climatisation comprenant un reservoir a niveau regule
WO2011045508A1 (fr) * 2009-10-12 2011-04-21 Peugeot Citroën Automobiles SA Dispositif de climatisation comprenant un reservoir a niveau regule
DE102018000896A1 (de) * 2018-02-05 2019-08-08 Optimize Gmbh Wärmegewinnung aus Umgebungsluft über einen regelbaren Rieselkörperkondensator zur Regeneration eines Eisspeichers oder anderer niedrigtemperaturiger Speicher

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH659314A5 (de) 1987-01-15

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Effective date: 19841013

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Inventor name: HAENNY, JOST, DR.

Inventor name: EHRSAM, CHRISTIAN, DR.