EP0105862B1 - Garbage press - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a garbage press according to the preamble of claim 1.

Garbage presses have the task of reducing the volume of the garbage accumulating in ever larger quantities and mostly in a loose or bulky form, thereby multiplying the capacity of the garbage storage and transport containers and the garbage dumps. You have in residential buildings, waste-intensive businesses, such as in the hotel and hospitality industry, in hospitals and the like. The like. Proven. In particular, they are required to be inexpensive, robust, easy to use and require little space. The small space requirement is particularly important where such presses are to be installed in smaller rooms, for example in basements, storage rooms or the like.

A large number of garbage presses are known. For example, AT-B 321 818 and 348 869 describe tubular waste presses having a press ram, which enable only a small volume reduction, since only the previously compacted waste material located in the discharge-side section of the tube-like press chamber is due to its friction on the inner wall forms an abutment for the new waste to be pressed.

A relatively simple packaging press for scrap, which has a completely different compression characteristic than waste, is described in AT-B 290996. There, the press ram, which has an inclined press surface, is horizontally displaceably mounted in the press housing, which has a filler flap on its top, which is closed during pressing and forms part of the wall of the press chamber. The pressed scrap, which hardly re-expands after the pressing pressure has ceased, is discharged upwards by means of an ejecting mandrel from the press chamber, which has an inclined wall opposite the oblique press stamp, after opening the flap cover.

The briquetting press for heated metal chips according to US-A 4123210 is simpler in construction, which has a horizontal pressing chamber with a piston and an upper entry opening without closure, the pressing chamber having a cylindrical region and a conically widening region towards the discharge opening. Since the chips are heated and cool during the pressing process, re-expansion does not occur as with garbage.

The press for waste is technically complex according to AT-B 332306, in which the pressed waste is discharged into transport containers. It includes a collection container with a slot at the top, a press plate for compacting the waste, a cage-like lifting device for lifting the compacted waste in front of an ejection opening located above the press chamber and its own ejection device for the pressed waste. The disadvantage is the high space requirement.

AT-B 188277 describes a device for pressing and packaging voluminous goods with a fixed press container, movable press piston and counter-piston as a bottom closure on which the bottom of a sack is supported. The material to be pressed is filled into the press container through a side opening. This press device, which is equipped with a filling screw, press and opposed pistons, is technically complex and has a large overall height.

The device for filling containers for household waste according to AT-B 276 247, which has at least two pressing members, is also very complex. Garbage which is inclined at a slight incline is compressed and then conveyed into the upper part of a subsequent, vertical shaft part with a downward emptying opening, from where it is pushed by a pusher through the emptying opening into a waste container arranged below. The pressing chamber is arranged at an angle to the discharge chute, which can have a conical emptying mouthpiece at its lower end, which makes production complex and has the disadvantage that the pressed, then re-expanding waste material can get stuck at the transition into the discharge chute.

DE-A 2030912 describes a garbage press that corresponds to the preamble of claim 1. There, the bottom closure has at least one swiveling, inclined flap and the press container is supported and guided against a supporting structure by means of spring-elastic means. This press does not take into account the re-expansion of the garbage that occurs when the pressing pressure ceases, so that, due to the entire length of the prismatic pressing chamber, the pressing stamp has to be actuated in order to discharge the pressing waste despite the downward discharge opening.

The invention has set itself the task of creating a garbage press, which is characterized by a particularly small footprint and simple and robust construction and which advantageously allows the compacted garbage into a container, a packaging cover, a bag or the like to provide additional manipulative help.

The invention relates to a garbage press of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, which is designed in the manner specified in the characterizing part of this claim.

The waste press according to the invention has a simple and robust structure. The area of the pressing chamber which widens in cross section towards the discharge opening as a result of the diverging wall parts has the advantage that, despite the re-expansion occurring in the case of garbage or the springing back of the garbage compact if the pressing pressure subsides or ceases after the pressing process, as a result of which the compact can get stuck in a conventional pressing chamber, this compact is discharged from the press in free fall with certainty and without manipulative action solely by the action of gravity. The widening of the cross section of the lower area of the bale chamber has the effect that, in cooperation with the restoring or re-expansion force of the pressed garbage, after opening the discharge door, the garbage compact is ejected or ejected in the downward direction into the garbage container or causes an envelope or packaging. This ejection or ejection effect, as has been shown, is capable of ensuring that even pressed garbage, which tends to stick to the wall, for example as a result of sticky, moist components or the like, can be discharged without the aid of additional manipulation. A further advantage is given by the fact that filling, pre-pressing and pressing take place in a spatially uniform pressing chamber without a separate ejection part or ejection chute. It is also favorable that the garbage is compacted outside the container intended for its transport, and that it is only introduced into the intended packaging container, for example sack or carton, in the compressed state. This separation of the pressing and packaging process prevents any damage, for example, to a container, sack or the like located directly in the movement space of the press ram due to the effect of the press ram penetrating into it, compacting the waste.

Finally, the stamp-parallel sliding door for closing the discharge opening brings significant advantages. Since it practically does not require more height than its material thickness and possibly the strength of stiffening ribs, the garbage presses can be built particularly low. In addition to this advantage over swing flaps, there is also the advantage that the sliding door can form a pressure-resistant, stable abutment for the press waste and enables trouble-free operation.

The device for a packaging container, e.g. Sack for the garbage compact preferably has a shape and size that matches the size and shape of the discharge opening, which ensures that the compacted garbage that is ejected from the conical area of the pressing chamber as a result of the re-expansion safely falls free of manipulation into the intended wrapping.

In particular for reasons of manufacturing technology and space requirements, it is advantageous if the waste compactor according to the invention is designed in the manner specified in claim 2. In this embodiment, the bales produced in it have an essentially square cross section and can be stored and transported in a particularly space-saving manner. Due to the aforementioned formation of at least two adjoining wall parts with divergence, the garbage compact that re-expands in the press chamber after the exposure to the pressing pressure has ended after the lower discharge door has become stuck, which can occur when two mutually opposite, mutually parallel walls are present Avoided security.

Particularly preferably, the sliding door of the discharge opening, which may be of a split design, can be actuated by means of a toothed or worm gear, which has the advantages of a robust design, favorable operability, low susceptibility to contamination and small space requirements.

This sliding door advantageously has stiffening elements that increase its stability and strength, e.g. Ribs, open, it can be opened and closed by hand and / or motor drive.

The sliding door can also be actuated by means of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, with the pressure medium being acted upon by the same pump as the pressure medium for the cylinder of the press ram.

The garbage press according to the invention usually has a frame, e.g. Feet with a height that enables the pressed waste to fall into a container in a transport device and to be discharged without any problems. If, for example, a drawer construction is provided below the sliding door for receiving the container for the garbage, the height of the frame need only slightly exceed the height of the garbage compact re-expanded after the pressing process. The baling chamber rests on the frame that keeps the loading space clear. If known side cheeks are provided on the filling door, refilling of garbage is avoided when filling the garbage press, since the cheeks form a filling funnel, so to speak, with the folding door hinged on its underside. This filling door can also be designed as a sliding door, it being advantageous to arrange a slide or the like in front of it, likewise with side walls.

The pressure cylinder of a hydraulic or pneumatic drive for the press ram and the motor for the pressure medium or the drive spindle, rack or the like with the drive unit are usually arranged on the press chamber. Overall, the space-saving vertical embodiment with the discharge-side sliding door enables heights of only 2 m or less, so that the garbage press according to the invention can also be installed in storage or cellar rooms with a low ceiling height, even if space is limited.

Preferably, the addition opening located in the prismatic and / or cylindrical region of the press chamber, which can be closed with a preferably pivotable filling door, extends at most as far as the transition of said region into the diverging tub area with manure parts. With this arrangement of the filler door, there can be no difficulties in closing the door if there is fresh garbage between the garbage compact protruding into the door opening and the door to be closed.

Examples of drives for the press ram are, to reduce the overall height, preferably telescopic hydraulic cylinders, the pressure medium of which is pressurized, for example, by means of an electrically operated pump. In terms of expenditure, it is particularly favorable if the hydraulic cylinders for the press ram and, if appropriate, for the doors can be connected directly to an existing water supply system which has the required pressure. Pneumatic drives are also cheap if, e.g. Compressed air is available. In addition, toothed or screw drives which drive, advantageously equipped with a fluid coupling, electric motors can be used for the stamp drive.

In order to achieve uniform heights of the compacted pellets and, furthermore, to avoid overloads, it is favorable if the drive for the press ram, in particular the hydraulic or pneumatic drive, has an overpressure switch, in particular a pressure relief valve, which or when a predetermined pressing pressure is reached of the stamp on the garbage to be compacted interrupts the movement of the stamp.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the punch returns to its starting position when the compacted waste falls below a desired height in the region of the diverging wall parts and the feed opening is controlled to enable further filling. This enables a largely unattended and safe filling of the garbage press without interference by a press stamp in the way.

If the press stamp has a starting position for the pressing process, which at least corresponds to the upper edge of the addition opening, or comes to a standstill with its contour outside the opening, the entire clear width of the addition opening is available for filling the fresh waste.

As a precaution, it can further be provided that the press ram has an end position for the pressing process, which is arranged essentially at the level of the transition of the prismatic and / or cylindrical area in the area having divergent wall parts. This also makes it possible to achieve the highest possible level of compacted garbage.

In order to keep the unpleasant smell, especially when filling the garbage press and when opening the doors, it can further be provided that in the prismatic and / or cylindrical area of the press chamber, possibly outside the area of action of the press ram, at least one opening for the connection of a trigger or Suction line is provided.

For special waste, for example from hospitals or the like, it can be advantageous if at least one opening for the introduction of a sterilization medium, in particular water vapor, is arranged in the wall of the area with the diverging wall parts and optionally in the sliding door of the discharge opening.

In order to separate liquids which are separated from the waste during pressing, it is advantageous to provide that drain openings for liquid are arranged in the sliding door of the discharge opening and, if appropriate, in the diverging wall parts of the lower region, which may lead to liquid discharge lines. In this way, the occurrence of a liquid phase can be avoided in the packaging or wrapping for the pressed waste, which is of particular advantage in the case of cardboard or paper packaging. The discharge pipes can be connected directly to an existing sewage or sewer network.

Finally, it is also advantageous, especially for keeping the immediate vicinity of the refuse press clean, if below the gaps or butt joints between the diverging walls adjoining the discharge opening and the sliding door, as well as below any outlet openings that may be present in the walls and / or in the door , Baffles or drainage channels for liquids are arranged, which may lead to liquid discharge lines. These discharge lines can be pipes or flexible hoses.

• Es zeigen die Fig. 1 eine teilweise geschnittene Vorderansicht einer erfindungsgemäss ausgebildeten Müllpresse vertikaler Bauart,
• Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Ebene AB der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Müllpresse, und
• Fig. 3 einen Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 1 eingezeichneten, gebrochenen Schnittebene CD.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing:

• 1 shows a partially sectioned front view of a vertical-type refuse press designed according to the invention,
• Fig. 2 shows a section along the plane AB of the garbage press shown in Fig. 1, and
• 3 shows a section along the broken sectional plane CD shown in FIG. 1.

1 essentially comprises the pressing chamber 1, which has the area 1 a and the area 1 adjoining it downwards, for example in cast or welded construction, in which the press ram 10 of a hydraulic press arranged on the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 11 30 is vertically movable in both directions. The area 1a a is delimited by vertical wall parts 2a which are parallel to one another and form a prismatic jacket and which at the transition point 2c merge integrally into the diverging wall parts 2b which at least partially overhang the discharge opening 21 and delimit the area 1b . Pointing at its bottom the area 1 b has a downward discharge opening 21 which can be closed by a sliding door 4 guided in guides 3 by means of worm drives 15, 16. The prismatic area 1 a has a filling opening 20 directed towards the viewer, which can be closed here with a pivotable door 5 having side cheeks 5 a and hinged on its underside. After opening the door 5 - with the door 4 closed - the garbage to be pressed is introduced through the opening 20, and after closing it, preferably automatically, the drive for the press ram 10 located in the starting position AP above the upper edge of the opening 20 is one (Electro) -hydraulically operated press 30 is actuated, which moves downward within the area 1a with increasing compaction of the refuse 40. The garbage is further compacted in or in the area 1b which widens in cross section towards the discharge opening 21 until finally the stamp 10 at least up to the level of the transition 1c from the area 1a to the area 1b or to a position below it hiked. If the desired pressing pressure previously set in each case, for example with the aid of a pressure switch, in the case of a hydraulic or pneumatic drive of a pressure relief valve, the plunger 10 is moved back to the upper starting position AP, if necessary, preferably controlled automatically by a height position switch. After further filling with garbage, the movement of the stamp 10 downward is triggered again by the operator, who forces the freshly fed garbage into the region 1b with compaction. During the movement of the stamp, the filling door 5 and also the sliding door 4 of the discharge opening 21 are kept closed. If, after refilling with garbage, the pressing pressure set at the overpressure switch is reached, this ensures that the pressing ram 10 is either held in the end position reached by it, for example EP, and only after the garbage has been ejected or immediately back to its starting position AP returns. The door 4 of the discharge opening 21 is actuated by means of the worm drive 15, 16 driven by the electric motor 12 via a transmission 14. The garbage compact 40 located in area 1b begins to re-expand as a result of the release of the pressing pressure and, due to the effect of the wall parts 2b of area 1b diverging towards the opening 21, goes down into and into the support rail 7 arranged on the drawer pull-out device with the press housing guided frame 8 with clamping frame 9 attached garbage bag 6 ejected. Usually, the pressing chamber 1 has a frame 41 or supporting legs, for example formed from profiles or, as shown, integrated, which has or have a height that enables the casing 6 filled with the compacted waste 40 to be inserted and removed without problems. The actuation of the sliding door 4, which closes or opens the discharge opening 21 with a cross section which corresponds at least to the cross section of the “widest area of area 1 b, can also be done manually, for example, with a crank mechanism or the like. Instead of an electro-hydraulic or pneumatic drive for the movement of the press ram 10, a worm, spindle or toothed drive operated by an electric motor can also be provided. Toggle levers, electric linear motors or stationary internal combustion engines can also be used for the drive. In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic or pneumatic drive for the stamp 10, and possibly also for the doors 4 and / or 5, can be connected directly to an existing water supply system or compressed gas system, so that the arrangement of a separate motor with a pump on the waste press for the generation of the pressure in the pressure medium can be omitted. In the upper part of area 1 a, an opening 25 for connecting a ventilation and suction line 26 is arranged outside the area of activity of the press ram 10; Also indicated are openings 29 located in the door 4, which serve to drain off liquid released during the pressing of moist or wet waste. This can be introduced into an existing sewage or sewer network directly or only after discharge via discharge plates and collection via, if necessary, flexible discharge lines. The baffles 18 shown are used to safely guide the liquid flowing in the space between the door 4 and the frame of the garbage press into the packaging container 6 for the garbage compact.

From the sectional view of FIG. 2 it can be seen that the area 1 only has a wall part 2b diverging towards the discharge opening 21 on its rear side, while the corresponding front wall part merges into the wall part of the area 1a extending above it without a kink. The shape of the pivotable filler door 5 with laterally delimiting cheeks 5a can also be seen from this figure. Furthermore, it shows the drawer-like device 8, 9 guided in the guide 7 for fastening the wrapping or packaging material receiving the compacted compact, e.g. Sakkes 6, in the extended position. The pull-out is usually operated manually. The drawer extension shown here can easily be replaced, for example, by a roller-bearing carriage provided with a holder for the refuse container, which is pushed under the discharge opening 21. The other reference numerals in FIG. 2 correspond to those in FIG. 1.

From the view of a section of the waste compactor according to FIG. 1 shown in FIG. 1 along the broken section plane CD, it can be seen how the door 4 can be actuated by the worm drive 15 arranged on both sides with the nut 16, and it shows the door 4 in the open position. Furthermore, in Fig. 3 is the on the back wall of the front Direction arranged electric motor 12 with transmission elements 14 for driving the screws 15 mounted in bearings 17 for the movement of the discharge door 4 shown. The remaining parts are identified by the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1.

Claims (13)

1. A refuse crusher with a crushing ram (10) upwardly and downwardly displaceable in a crushing chamber (1), with a laterally disposed filling opening (20) closable by a door (5), and with a discharge opening (21) provided on the floor of the crushing chamber and a closure member (4) associated with this opening, wherein the crushing ram, which is substantially displaceable in a crushing chamber region (1a) with walls whose generatrices extend parallel to one another, in its upper position substantially releases the filling opening (20), a device (8, 9) for receiving a packing container (6) being provided preferably below the discharge opening (21), characterised in that a further region (1 b) with wall parts (2b) diverging towards the discharge opening (21) is joined to the region (1 a) with the parallel generatrices and that the closure member is designed as a sliding door (4) arranged substantially parallel to the crushing pressure contact surface of the ram (10).

2. A refuse crusher according to claim 1, characterised in that the first-mentioned region (1 a) of the crushing chamber (1) has a rectangular or -square cross-section and the further region (1 b) has at least two, preferably three, wall elements (2b) adjacent one another, which with respect to the discharge opening_-(21) have an opening angle a of 2 to 45°, more particularly 5 to 30°.

3. A refuse crusher according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the sliding door (4) of the discharge opening (21) is actuatable by means of rack and pinion or worm gearing (15, 16) and is optionally designed so as to separate.

4. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the feed opening (20) extends at most to the transition (1c) from the first-mentioned region (1a) to the further region (1 b) of the crushing chamber (1).

5. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the drive for the crushing ram (10), more particularly a hydraulic or pneumatic drive, has an excess pressure switch, more particularly an excess pressure valve, which interrupts the movement of the ram (10) when a preset crushing pressure on the refuse is reached.

6. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that when the crushed refuse in the further region (1b) drops below a predetermined level the ram (10) is returned to its start position (AP) and the feed opening (20) is opened for further filling.

7. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the crushing ram (10) has a start position (AP) for the crushing process, which corresponds substantially to the upper edge (5b) of the feed opening (20).

8. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the crushing ram (10) has an end position (EP) for the crushing process, which lies in the rear region of the transition (1 c) from the first-mentioned region (1a) to the further region (1b) of the crushing chamber (1).

9. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that in the first-mentioned region (1 a) of the crushing chamber (1), optionally outside the operating range of the ram (10), at least one opening (25) is provided for the connection of an outlet or suction line.

10. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that in the wall (2b) of the further area (1 b), and optionally in the door (4) of the discharge opening (21), at least one opening is disposed for supplying a sterilising medium, more particularly steam.

11. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that in the sliding door (4) of the discharge opening (21), and optionally in the wall (2b) of the further region (1b), outlet openings (29) are disposed, which optionally discharge into liquid drain lines.

12. A refuse crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that, below the interspaces or impact points between the walls (2b) delimiting the discharge opening (21) and the sliding door (4) and below the drain openings (29), optionally in the walls (2b) and/or in the sliding door, draining plates (18) or draining channels for liquids are arranged, which optionally discharge into liquid drain lines.

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