EP0102474B1 - Procédé d'impression et imprimante pour conservation du milieu de transfert thermique - Google Patents

Procédé d'impression et imprimante pour conservation du milieu de transfert thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102474B1
EP0102474B1 EP83106492A EP83106492A EP0102474B1 EP 0102474 B1 EP0102474 B1 EP 0102474B1 EP 83106492 A EP83106492 A EP 83106492A EP 83106492 A EP83106492 A EP 83106492A EP 0102474 B1 EP0102474 B1 EP 0102474B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printhead
ratio
transfer medium
ribbon
printing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83106492A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0102474A1 (fr
Inventor
Steven Lewis Applegate
James John Molloy
Clayton Vance Wilbur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JP Morgan Delaware
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of EP0102474A1 publication Critical patent/EP0102474A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0102474B1 publication Critical patent/EP0102474B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
    • B41J2/325—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads by selective transfer of ink from ink carrier, e.g. from ink ribbon or sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J33/00—Apparatus or arrangements for feeding ink ribbons or like character-size impression-transfer material
    • B41J33/14—Ribbon-feed devices or mechanisms
    • B41J33/36—Ribbon-feed devices or mechanisms with means for adjusting feeding rate

Definitions

  • This invention relates to printing from a thermal transfer medium from which marking material is transferred when it is softened by heat to a flowable state and more particularly it relates to a process of printing and to a printer for conservation of the thermal transfer medium.
  • the thermal transfer mediums are often ribbons having an electrically resistive substrate, while the printers have a printhead having a group of electrodes which are selectively driven to provide current in the resistive layer. Heat generated by this current softens marking material carred by the substrate to cause it to flow onto paper or another medium being printed upon.
  • the printhead may generate heat by a mechanism independent of the characteristics of the transfer medium, with the substrate of the transfer medium adapted to transmit the heat to marking material carried by the substrate.
  • the transfer medium is fed past the printhead to being unused marking material to the printhead.
  • Ribbon feed is accomplished by mechanical structures which typically pull a ribbon from a supply roll while winding used ribbon onto a take-up roll.
  • Certain types of ribbon are commonly recognized as adapted to be overstruck during use. These are typically liquid-ink saturated fabric elements or resinous matrix elements holding liquid ink in the manner of a sponge. Ribbon feed mechanisms for such ribbon often underfeed.
  • the documents US ⁇ A ⁇ 3,528,536 and US ⁇ A ⁇ 3,232,229 are illustrative teachings of ribbon underfeed for impact printers.
  • US ⁇ A ⁇ -4,132,486 teaches a ribbon feed pattern to effect ribbon conservation, but the pattern does not involve underfeed and the printer is an impact printer.
  • IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin article entitled "Ribbon Drive,” by D. P. Darwin, Vol. 19, No. 4, September 1976 at pp. 1407-1408 teaches thermal printing with advancing only during printing to conserve ribbon. The ribbon advance during printing is expressly said to be the same velocity as the printhead.
  • a thermal printer wherein the ribbon advance during printing is shorter than the printhead advance is disclosed in DE-A-3,145,221.
  • This prior art document teaches that by using a ribbon speed which is at 30 to 90% of print speed, a great relative speed between the ribbon and the paper is achieved, thus reducing to the minimum the adverse effects of a slight relative speed between the ribbon and the paper which might otherwise cause irregular printing density.
  • this document does not indicate any ratio between ribbon speed and print speed for ribbon conservation which would yield print of different quality than another ratio.
  • the transfer-medium-conserving thermal printer of the present invention is of the type described in DE-A-3,145,221 i.e. comprising:
  • the thermal printer of the invention is characterized in that said means for moving the printhead and said means for feeding the transfer medium are adapted to provide selectively a first ratio and a second ratio, said first ratio being selected in a range of 1.02 to 1.04 and said second ratio being selected in a range of 5 to 20, said thermal printer being further characterized in that it includes externally controlled, ratio-selection means for selecting either said first or said second ratio depending upon whether the printer is to be used either in a final-copy mode or in a draft-copy mode.
  • the process of thermal printing according to the invention is a transfer-medium-conserving process for producing an adequate draft copy and then a high-quality final copy based on said draft, and comprises the steps of:
  • This invention is not dependent upon any significant novelty of the feeding mechanism, and suitable feeding mechanisms of various kinds may be devised using the ordinary skills of the art.
  • This invention is typically used with an existing printer, and feed mechanism essentially similar to that of the existing printer is considered preferred since that mechanism is both as suitable as any other and well understood.
  • feed mechanism is described in detail in EP-A-54664.
  • the printer configuration includes an elongated, cylindrical platen 10 that is adapted to support a medium 12 such as a sheet of paper for receiving printing marks.
  • a carrier 18 is mounted on guide rails 20 for movement parallel to the longitudinal axis 9 of the platen 10.
  • Drive motion is coupled to the carrier 18 by a cable 22 connected to a drive system 23 (shown illustratively) as is well known in the art.
  • the printhead 16 is mounted at a mounting plate 25 on one arm 24 of a pivot member 28 which is pivotally mounted on the carrier 18. Movement of the printhead 16 from a retracted position (shown) to an operative position at the print line 32 is effected by a solenoid 34 that is connected through spring 35 to a second arm 30 of the pivot member 28. Spring 35 limits the force of printhead 16 against platen 12. A spring 36 serves to return the printhead 16 to the retracted position when the solenoid 34 is deenergized.
  • the printhead 16 is of the type adapted to receive printing signals at a set of signal channels 38 and supply such signals to a printing ribbon 40 by means of respective electrodes 42 that are arranged in a line array.
  • Metering of the printing ribbon 40 is effected by cooperating metering rollers 44 and 46 located on the carrier 18 on the take-up side of the printhead 16 on the feed path of the printing ribbon 40.
  • Roller 44 is preferably arranged on the side of the ribbon 40 that faces the printhead 16 and is mounted at a fixed position on the carrier 18.
  • Firm pressure contact with the ribbon 40 is achieved by mounting the roller 46 on an arm 26 of a pivoting member 50 and providing ribbon nipping force by means of a spring 52 acting on a second arm 54.
  • both the roller 44 and the pivoting member 50 are mounted on a support bracket 56 that is fixedly mounted on the carrier 18.
  • Drive power to rotate roller 44 is selectively applied by linking cable 74 to roller 44. Cable 74 is attached to the printer frame 73 (indicated symbolically).
  • Controlled printing currents for the presently preferred implementation (see Fig. 2) are supplied to the ribbon 40 which includes an outer moderately resistive layer 80, an intermediate conducting aluminium layer 82 and an ink transfer layer 84.
  • the currents are collected by the roller 44 by contact with the moderately resistive layer 80.
  • the roller 46 may also be used to establish a connection to the ribbon 40.
  • the aluminium layer 82 may be engaged at voids in the ink transfer layer 84 left by printing as described in US ⁇ 4,329,071.
  • the printing currents (lp) are supplied from a set of electrode drivers 86 which selectively control the occurrences of current applied to the respective electrodes 42 accordance with gating signals S E from a printer controller 87 as is well known in the art.
  • the current Ip return to the electrode driver 86 through one or both metering rollers 44 and 46 along a path 78 that may be a distinct conductor or may include metal portions of the printer.
  • a surface 96 is mounted on the supply side of the feed path for the printing ribbon 40.
  • the surface 96 directs the ribbon 40 at one end of a tension loop and also serves to provide clamping surface for brake action by a brake arm 100 of a pivot member 102.
  • the ribbon 40 is clamped between a pad 104 mounted on the brake arm 100 and the surface 96.
  • Biasing force is applied to pivot members 94 and 102 by a spring 106 that is stretched between tab arms 108 and 110.
  • the biasing force urges arms 92 to increase the size of the loop of the ribbon 40 between roller 88 and surface 96.
  • the biasing force tends to drive the brake arm 100 to a position for clamping the ribbon 40. Release of the clamping action on the ribbon 40 is effected by a brake drive arm 112 of pivot member 94 that engages and coacts with a brake release arm 114 of pivot member 102.
  • Supply reel 120 and a take-up reel 124 are in concentric arrangement.
  • the supply reel 120 is free to rotate leaving control of tension on the supply side of the metering rollers 44 and 46 to the cooperating pivot members 94 and 102.
  • a hub 128 receives the take-up reel 124 and is keyed to it to prevent relative rotation. Motion for rotating the take-up reel 124 is transmitted by the drive belt 62 to a pulley 130 which is connected by a shaft 132 to the hub 128.
  • Substantially uniform ribbon tension on the take-up side of the metering rollers 44 and 46 is achieved by the action of a pivot member 140, pivoted on shaft 141, that includes a coupling control arm 142 on which a belt tensioning roller 144 is mounted.
  • Tension in the ribbon 40 is sensed by guide 145 on arm 146 of a pivot member 148, pivoted on shaft 149, which is rotated against the bias of a stretched spring 150 acting on an arm 152 and arm 158 of member 140. While take-up exceeds the metering rate, the arm 146 is pulled away fron a stop tab 153 and toward the metering rollers 44 and 46 by the ribbon 40. This motion is transmitted to an arm 154 of the pivot member 140 by a linkage arm 156 of the pivot member 148.
  • the above-described linkage arrangement causes the roller 144 to move toward the center of the path of the belt 62 reducing belt tension and eventually decoupling the pulleys 60 and 130 so as to eliminate ribbon take-up.
  • ribbon again builds up on the take-up side of metering rollers 44 and 46.
  • the stretched spring 150 is able to act on arm 152 and on arm 158 of pivot member 140 to force movement of the roller 144 to tighten the belt 62.
  • Ribbon 40 is a three-layer laminate of regular cross-section.
  • Resistive, bottom layer 80 (Fig. 2) is polycarbonate with conductive, particulate carbon black.
  • the resistive layer typically is 15 microns in thickness.
  • the intermediate layer 82 is a 1000 angstroms thick layer of vacuum-deposited aluminum.
  • Ink transfer layer 84 is on the aluminum layer 82 and is a 4 to 6 microns thick layer flowable in response to heat created by electric current applied from the outside of the resistive layer.
  • the fabrication and specific form of the resistive substrate 80 forms no essential part of this invention.
  • a representative teaching of the fabrication of a polycarbonate substrate for this purpose is disclosed in US-A-4,103,066.
  • Three parts of a polycarbonate resin, typically such as Mobay Chemical Corporation Merion O or Makro- lon o is coated from a dispersion containing part of conductive carbon (such as XC-72 from Cabot Corporation).
  • An ink layer 84 typical of those employed in developing this invention has a fatty acid polyamide as the main body component.
  • Versamid * 940, product of General Mills Chemicals, Inc. exhibited good compatibility with the polycarbonate and was preferred. (US ⁇ A ⁇ 4,308,318 is direceted generally to such use of fatty acid polyamides).
  • ink layer 84 typically has a minor amount of carbon black as a pigment and a very small amount of violet dye as a supplementary coloring agent.
  • This invention is not dependent upon any novelty of the ribbon materials. At one point results apparently better than those of from a polyamide ink layer where realized using an ink layer having polyketone instead of polyamide. Both types of ribbons functioned well in accordance with this invention and no basis is known restricting a future ribbon to either of such materials. No resin is known which is considered essentially preferable for use as the marking material body for this invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a side view of a system linked to roller 44 to achieve both substantial underfeed at one setting and 1.04 to 1 underfeed at a second setting.
  • This is mounted on carrier 18.
  • Cable 74 is wrapped around capstan 200.
  • capstan 200 is rotated by cable 74 to provide power for ribbon feed.
  • This power is transferred through clutch faces 202 and 204, when they are engaged by the actuation of a control, which may be solenoid 206 as shown.
  • Friction rollers or gears 208, 210, 212, 214 and 216 are arranged to allow selection of either a 1.04 to 1 ratio or a high ration, typically 5 to 1, of the movement along cable 74 and the tangential movement of feed roller 44.
  • Selection is effected by varying the vertical position of the shaft 218to which gears (or rollers) 212 and 214 are fixedly attached.
  • Shaft 218 is free to rotate on an internal shaft 220, while it may be moved vertically under the influence of arm 222, to which shaft 220 is fixedly attached.
  • Arm 222 is fixedly attached to shaft 224.
  • Shaft 224 passes through locking cap 226, a mechanism identical to that controlling retraction of the common, standard ball point pen.
  • Spring 228 biases shaft 218 and through shaft 218, biases shaft 224 downward.
  • shaft 224 and shaft 218 carrying gears 212 and 214 are held in one of the two stable vertical positions by cap 226.
  • Bellcrank 230 engages the bottom of shaft 226 and is positioned to encounter a part of frame 73 when carrier 18 is moved past the normal far right margin during printing.
  • Bellcrank 230 is rotated clockwise when it encounters frame 73 to thereby lift shaft 224 vertically. If shaft 224 is already in the upper position, cap 226 frees shaft 224, and gears 212 and 214 drop to their lower position. If shaft 224 was in the lower position, shaft 224 is held in the higher position by cap 226 and gears 212 and 214 are raised to the upper position.
  • gear arrangement is essentially identical to the prior art in a single element impact typewriter to change feed rates for a matrix ribbon used with overstrike and a one-use ribbon used without overstrike.
  • use of a mechanical element employing frame 73 is entirely optional. It provides an advantage which may be desired by allowing ribbon feed selection at the control of either a human or automatic-data-processing controller which has the capacity of spacing the machine along the print line.
  • movement of shaft 224 could be achieved in essentially the same way as clutch face 202 is moved employing a solenoid 206. Dimensioning of the parts to achieve the ratios desired is a matter of ordinary design.
  • the line 234 signal will cause high print currents when shaft 234 is down, as the underfeed ratio in that status in 1.04 to 1, while causing low print currents when shaft 224 is up.
  • This is, of course, merely illustrative of a mechanism to automatically respond to the ribbon feed ratio and to adjust the print current accordingly.
  • a printer in which this ribbon conservation invention is to be continually used in one mode would not have selectable gears as shown. Instead, the dimensions would be selected to give the desired feed ratio.
  • One primary use of such a single-mode application is to employ a small ratio such that print quality is not at all impaired, while significant ribbon saving can be achieved.
  • the preferred ratio for this purpose is 1.04 to 1 underfeed.
  • the ribbon feed mechanism described functions essentially by response to longitudinal movement of ribbon 40.
  • increased braking force on pad 104 in the supply feed may be required. This, in turn, can result in tension on printhead 16 tending to rotate it away from the print area.
  • the routing of ribbon 40 may be done in such a way that the increased ribbon tension does not urge the head away from the platen.
  • Such a ribbon feed arrangement for this purpose is described in detail in U.S. patent 4,329,075, filed June 27,1980, by S. L. Applegate and J. J. Molloy, issued May 11, 1982, and entitled "Printhead Assembly for Typewriters or the Like".

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  • Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Une imprimante thermique à conservation du milieu de transfert, ladite imprimante étant du type comprenant:
une tête d'impression (16) conçue pour fournir une configuration thermique permettant l'impression thermique d'images,
des moyens (18, 22, 23) pour déplacer ladite tête d'impression (16) par rapport à un emplacement de réception d'impression,
des moyens (44, 46, 202 ... 216) pour entraîner un milieu de transfert (40) devant ladite tête d'impression (16) pour l'impression à partir des zones dudit milieu de transfert (40) chauffées par ladite tête d'impression (16),
lesdits moyens (18, 22, 23) pour déplacer ladite tête d'impression (16) et lesdits moyens (44, 46, 202 ... 216) pour entraîner le milieu de transfert étant conçus pour que ladite tête d'impression (16) puisse être déplacée sur une distance dans un rapport supérieur à 1 avec la distance parcourue par le milieu de transfert lors de son entraînement d'alimentation par lesdits moyens (44, 46,202... 216),
ladite imprimante thermique étant caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens (18, 22, 23) pour déplacer la tête d'impression (16) et lesdits moyens (44, 46, 202 ... 216) pour entraîner le milieu de transfert (40) sont conçus pour assurer sélectivement un premier rapport et un second rapport, ledit premier rapport étant sélectionné dans une plage de 1,02 à 1,04 et ledit second rapport étant sélectionné dans une plage de 5 à 20, ladite imprimante thermique étant en outre caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de sélection de rapport commandés extérieurement (230, 224, 218) pour sélectionner ledit premier rapport ou ledit second rapport suivant que l'imprimante est à utiliser pour une impression finale ou pour une impression de brouillon.
2. L'imprimante thermique de la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que ledite premier rapport est pratiquement de 1,04.
3. L'imprimante thermique de la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisée en ce que ledit second rapport est pratiquement de 5.
4. L'imprimante thermique de l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des moyens de commande du niveau thermique (234) pour commander le niveau de la température de ladite configuration thermique afin de sélectionner un niveau haut ou bas et des moyens répondant auxdits moyens de sélection de rapport (230, 224, 218) pour provoquer la sélection par lesdits moyens de commande de niveau thermique dudit niveau haut lorsque ledit premier rapport est sélectionné et la sélection dudit niveau bas lorsque ledit second rapport est sélectionné.
5. L'imprimante thermique de l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend des galets de saisie (44, 46) pour tirer ledit milieu de transfert (40) devant ladite tête d'impression (16) et caractérisée en outre en ce qu'elle comprend un chariot (18) faisant partie desdits moyens (18, 22, 23) pour entraîner la tecte d'impression (16), ladite tête d'impression (16) et lesdits galets de saisie (44, 46) étant montés sur ledit chariot (18).
6. L'imprimante thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que ledit milieu de transfert comprend une couche résistive (80) portant une couche de matériau de marquage (84), cette dernière étant opposée à ladite tête d'impression (16), ladite tête d'impression (16) fournissant du courant électrique à ladite couche résistive (80).
7. Une méthode de conservation du milieu de transfert permettant la production d'une copie brouillon appropriée, puise d'une copie finale de haute qualité basée sur le brouillon par un milieu de transfert thermique duquel s'écoule du matériau de marquage qui a été préalablement fondu par réchauffement avec une tête d'impression qui applique la chaleur dans une certaine configuration, ladite méthode comprenant les étapes suivantes:
l'impression d'une copie de brouillon en entraînant ladite tête d'impression à différents emplacements d'impression pendant qu'elle applique la chaleur audit milieu de transfert et que ledit milieu de transfert est animé d'un mouvement plus lent que celui de ladite tête d'impression pour que ladite configuration soit appliqué audit milieu de transfert sur une zone de surface inférieure à celle de ladite configuration, le rapport de cette différence de vitesse pendant l'impression d'un brouillon étant de l'ordre de 5 à 20, et ensuite
l'impression d'une copie finale de haute qualité basée sur ledit brouillon en entraînant ladite tête d'impression à différents emplacements d'impression pendant qu'elle applique la chaleur audit milieu de transfert et que ledit milieu de transfert est animé d'une mouvement plus lent que celui de la tête d'impression, le rapport de cette différence de vitesse pendant la production d'une copie finale étant de l'ordre de 1,02 à 1,04.
EP83106492A 1982-08-30 1983-07-04 Procédé d'impression et imprimante pour conservation du milieu de transfert thermique Expired EP0102474B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41327282A 1982-08-30 1982-08-30
US413272 1989-09-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0102474A1 EP0102474A1 (fr) 1984-03-14
EP0102474B1 true EP0102474B1 (fr) 1986-09-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83106492A Expired EP0102474B1 (fr) 1982-08-30 1983-07-04 Procédé d'impression et imprimante pour conservation du milieu de transfert thermique

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP0102474B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5939589A (fr)
AU (1) AU559264B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8304579A (fr)
CA (1) CA1213465A (fr)
DE (1) DE3366449D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES525209A0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4558963A (en) * 1982-08-30 1985-12-17 International Business Machines Corporation Feed rates and two-mode embodiments for thermal transfer medium conservation
US4650351A (en) * 1985-04-30 1987-03-17 International Business Machines Corporation Thermal printer
CA1256817A (fr) * 1984-11-27 1989-07-04 Takeo Tsumura Methode de correction d'erreurs de dactylographie
US4632582A (en) * 1985-02-22 1986-12-30 Centronics Data Computer Corp. Ribbon feed mechanism providing a constant relative velocity between ribbon and print head
JPH0212861U (fr) * 1988-07-11 1990-01-26
DE69027621T2 (de) * 1989-04-10 1997-01-09 Canon Kk Gerät und Verfahren zur Bildaufzeichnung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB999374A (en) * 1961-03-30 1965-07-21 Scm Corp Printer hammer mech
JPS5137717A (ja) * 1974-09-25 1976-03-30 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Ribonokurikiko
DE2821135C2 (de) * 1978-05-13 1982-03-25 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Vorrichtung zum Fortschalten des Farbbandes einer Endlosfarbbandkassette
US4329075A (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-05-11 International Business Machines Corporation Printhead assembly for typewriters or the like
DE3125501A1 (de) * 1980-06-30 1982-04-01 Canon K.K., Tokyo Drucker
US4329071A (en) * 1980-06-30 1982-05-11 International Business Machines Corporation Current collector for resistive ribbon printers
JPS5783471A (en) * 1980-11-14 1982-05-25 Canon Inc Thermal copying printer
US4408908A (en) * 1980-12-19 1983-10-11 International Business Machines Corporation Ribbon feed system for a matrix printer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 19, no. 4, September 1976, pp.1407-1408 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0102474A1 (fr) 1984-03-14
AU559264B2 (en) 1987-03-05
BR8304579A (pt) 1984-04-03
AU1680583A (en) 1984-03-08
JPS5939589A (ja) 1984-03-03
ES8500137A1 (es) 1984-10-01
JPH0234316B2 (fr) 1990-08-02
DE3366449D1 (en) 1986-10-30
CA1213465A (fr) 1986-11-04
ES525209A0 (es) 1984-10-01

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