EP0097098A1 - Method of retaining the earth after excavating sloping soil, among others for the passage of a conduit in a trench - Google Patents

Method of retaining the earth after excavating sloping soil, among others for the passage of a conduit in a trench Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0097098A1
EP0097098A1 EP83401200A EP83401200A EP0097098A1 EP 0097098 A1 EP0097098 A1 EP 0097098A1 EP 83401200 A EP83401200 A EP 83401200A EP 83401200 A EP83401200 A EP 83401200A EP 0097098 A1 EP0097098 A1 EP 0097098A1
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Prior art keywords
trench
excavation
panels
transverse
transverse panels
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EP83401200A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Marcel Matière
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for retaining soil after excavation of a nente soil, in particular for the passage of a trench pipe.
  • the embankment of the cells between the panels is retained with the help of grids anchored in the ground by appropriate means, for example pins.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown respectively in cross-sectional view on the line of greatest slope and in cross-sectional view a trench 1 for passage of a pipe 4.
  • line 4 is put in place at the bottom of the excavation.
  • a stop block 6 is made at the bottom of the slope in which the pipe 4 is embedded and the profile and anchoring of which are calculated as a function of the existing conditions of the structure.
  • the next step is to set up at the bottom of the excavation. on either side of the pipe 4.
  • one or more lateral drains 5 intended for the evacuation of water likely to enter the trench.
  • the drains exit laterally from the trench at intervals which depend on the slope and the expected flow, for example every 50 meters.
  • the last drain (s) pass through the stopper block 6 through a hole made when the latter is produced.
  • a film of permeable material is placed over the length of the trench, for example a film formed from a permeable / nonwoven plastic material known under the commercial designation "BIDIM" or the equivalent, so that the film passes over the different transverse panels PI, P2. P3. P4.P5 as shown in Figure 1, and is supported, in intermediate intervals, on the embankment R1 already placed in the trench.
  • BIDIM permeable / nonwoven plastic material
  • the residual volume of the trench is filled with the rest of the embankment, as indicated in R2 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Then, to hold this embankment R2 in the abovementioned cells, there is a grid, at its upper part, for example in galvanized iron, the tension of which is ensured by means of pins, as indicated at 8 in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is not necessary for this grill to be very resistant to decomposition and it is sufficient for it to resist until consolidation of the land, for example about 2 years in a temperate climate because it is estimated that after such a period the vegetation has progressed enough to then ensure the maintenance of the R2 embankment.
  • these panels are arranged overall with an approximately vertical orientation but, to facilitate the flow of rainwater and avoid the effects of gullying and erosion, these purlins are arranged obliquely relative to the direction of the trench.
  • This obliquity is usually materialized by the angle ⁇ in Figure 3.
  • This angle o (can be between 90 and 75 °.
  • the orientation of the panels is chosen to prevent a return of runoff water to the trench
  • the spacing e of the panels is determined according to the existing conditions of the structure, that is to say in particular rainfall, slope of the ground, nature of the soil, characteristics of the film, etc.
  • the installation height of the panels in the grooves 9 is approximately between a quarter and a third of the height of the excavation. and we also take into account t, to determine this installation height. of the conditions of the structure.
  • a deflector extension is provided thereon. highlighted in 11 in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • This extension can be constituted by a simple board which is fixed at the top of the panel P 2 , P 3 ... and which is slightly embedded in the land in the vicinity of the excavation, as indicated in 11A in FIG. 2. It is also possible to join the panel and the deflector extension in the form of a monobloc assembly.

Abstract

The object of the invention is at the least possible cost to prevent the fall and slip of the earth serving for embanking the trench. A barrier (6) is made at the foot of the slope, two lateral drains are arranged at the bottom of the trench (4), filling is carried out approximately up to half the trench, transverse panels (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) are distributed over the length of the trench and embedded in the upper parts of the two flanks of the trench, a continuous film of permeable material (F) is arranged over the length of the trench, bears on the existing filling (R1) and passes over each transverse panel, the rest of the filling (R2) is placed in the cells so formed between the transverse panels, and the filling of the cells between the panels is retained by means of grids (7) anchored in the ground by suitable means, for example pins (8). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour retenir les terres après excavation d'un sol en nente, notamment pour le passage d'une conduite en tranchée.The present invention relates to a method for retaining soil after excavation of a nente soil, in particular for the passage of a trench pipe.

Lorsqu'on doit faire passer des canalisations, telles que des conduites d'eau,de gaz ou d'autres fluides.dans des terrains accidentés,on creuse une tranchée,on met en place la canalisation sur le fond de cette tranchée,et on effectue ensuite le remblaiement du volume résiduel, Lorsque la trace de la tranchée présente une pente appréciable, pour éviter les éboulements et les affouillements, on opère généralement dans le domaine connu en cloisonnant le remblai par des empilages de sacs en matière plastique ou en jute qui sont remplis de sable , d'argile ou de terre. Dans d'autres cas,on réalise un fascinaga à l'aide de fagots de bois, d'éléments métalliques,dé madriers, etc....Cependant, il s'est avéré en pratique que de telles solutions ne sont pas parfaitement satisfaisantes,elles entratnent des frais importants et on n'arrive pas toujours à éviter les éboulements ou les glissements de terres aboutissant au vidage de la tranchée et à la mise à nu de la canalisation.When pipes, such as water, gas or other fluids have to be passed through rough terrain, a trench is dug, the pipe is placed on the bottom of that trench, and then performs the backfilling of the residual volume, When the trace of the trench presents an appreciable slope, to avoid landslides and scouring, one generally operates in the known field by partitioning the backfilling by stacks of plastic or jute bags which are filled with sand, clay or earth. In other cases, a fascinaga is made using bundles of wood, metal elements, planks, etc. However, it has turned out in practice that such solutions are not perfectly satisfactory. , they incur significant costs and it is not always possible to avoid landslides or landslides leading to the emptying of the trench and the exposure of the pipeline.

L'invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients des systèmes connus à l'aide d'un procédé de retenue de terres après excavation d'un sol en pente,notamment pour le passage d'une conduite en tranchée,ledit procédé comportant les étapes suivantes:

  • -on réalise en pied de pente un massif de butée,
  • -on place en fond de fouille au moins un drain latéral,
  • -on remblai approximativement jusqu'à la moitié de la fouille.
  • -on répartit sur la longueur de la fouille des panneaux transversaux qui sont encastrés dans les parties supérieures des deux flancs de fouille,
  • -on met en place sur la longueur de la fouille un film continu en matière perméable qui s'appuie sur le remplai existant et qui passe par dessus chaque panneau transversal, et
  • -on place dans les alvéoles ainsi formées entre les panneaux transversaux le reste du remblai.
The object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of known systems using a method of retaining soil after excavation of sloping ground, in particular for the passage of a trench pipe, said method comprising the steps following:
  • - a massive abutment is made at the foot of the slope,
  • -at least one side drain is placed at the bottom of the excavation,
  • - we backfill approximately up to half the excavation.
  • -the transverse panels which are embedded in the upper parts of the two sides of the excavation are distributed over the length of the excavation,
  • - a continuous film of permeable material is placed over the length of the excavation which rests on the existing fill and which passes over each transverse panel, and
  • - the rest of the fill is placed in the cells thus formed between the transverse panels.

De préférence.on assure la retenue du remblai des alvéoles entre panneaux à l'aide de grillages ancrés dans le sol nar des moyens appropriés,par exemnle des broches.As a preference, the embankment of the cells between the panels is retained with the help of grids anchored in the ground by appropriate means, for example pins.

Selon d'autres particularités du procédé conforme à l'invention:

  • -on encastre les panneaux transversaux dans les flancs de la tranchée sur une hauteur comprises anproximativement entre la moitié et le tiers de la hauteur de la tranchée,
  • -on espace les panneaux transversaux en fonction de la pente de la tranchée,de la nature du sol.de l'énaisseur et des caractéristiques du film.
  • -Pour faciliter l'écoulement des eaux de pluie,on dispose les panneaux transversaux à peu près verticalement et on les place en oblique par ranport à la direction de la tranchée.
  • -Pour reieter les eaux de pluie en dehors de la zone de la tranchée,il est prévu d'un côté et à la partie supérieure de chaque panneau, un prolongement déflecteur.
According to other particularities of the process according to the invention:
  • - the transverse panels are embedded in the sides of the trench at a height approximately between half and a third of the height of the trench,
  • - the transverse panels are spaced according to the slope of the trench, the nature of the ground, the thickness and the characteristics of the film.
  • -To facilitate the flow of rainwater, the transverse panels are placed approximately vertically and they are placed obliquely by ranport to the direction of the trench.
  • -To divert rainwater outside the trench area, a deflector extension is provided on one side and at the top of each panel.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention seront mis en évidence,dans la suite de la description, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif.en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • Fig.1 est une vue en coupe d'un terrain en pente montrant l'application du procédé de retenue de terres selon l'invention dans le cas d'une tranchée de passage d'une canalisation;
  • Fig.2 est une vue en coupe transversale de la tranchée faite sur la ligne A-A de la figure 1; et
  • Fig.3 est une vue en plan d'une partie de la tranchée, faite dans la direction de la flèche V de la figure l,afin de montrer l'azencement des panneaux transversaux.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will be highlighted in the following description, given by way of nonlimiting example . with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • Fig.1 is a sectional view of a sloping ground showing the application of the method of retaining soil according to the invention in the case of a trench passing a pipe;
  • Fig.2 is a cross-sectional view of the trench made on line AA of Figure 1; and
  • Fig.3 is a plan view of part of the trench, taken in the direction of arrow V in Figure l, to show the azencing of the transverse panels.

Sur les figures 1 et 2,on a représenté respectivement en vue en coupe sur la ligne de plus grande pente et an vue en coupe transversale une tranchée 1 de passage d'une canalisation 4.In FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown respectively in cross-sectional view on the line of greatest slope and in cross-sectional view a trench 1 for passage of a pipe 4.

Après creusement de la tranchée en laissant la matière d'excavation sur le côté, on met en place la canalisation 4 en fond de fouille. Ensuite,on réalise en pied de pente un massif de butée 6 dans lequel on encastre la canalisation 4 et dont le profil et l'ancrage sont calculés en fonction des conditions existantes de l'ouvrage.After digging the trench, leaving the excavation material on the side, line 4 is put in place at the bottom of the excavation. Next, a stop block 6 is made at the bottom of the slope in which the pipe 4 is embedded and the profile and anchoring of which are calculated as a function of the existing conditions of the structure.

L'étape suivante consiste à mettre en place en fond de fouille. de part et d'autre de la canalisation 4. un ou plusieurs drains latéraux 5 destinés à l'évacuation des eaux susceptibles de pénétrer dans la tranchée.The next step is to set up at the bottom of the excavation. on either side of the pipe 4. one or more lateral drains 5 intended for the evacuation of water likely to enter the trench.

Les drains sortent latéralement de la tranchée à intervalles qui sont fonction de la pente at du débit escompté, par exemple tous les 50 mètres. En outra le ou les derniers drains traversent le massif de butée 6 par un trou ménagé lors de la réalisation de ce dernier.The drains exit laterally from the trench at intervals which depend on the slope and the expected flow, for example every 50 meters. In addition, the last drain (s) pass through the stopper block 6 through a hole made when the latter is produced.

Ensuite,on transfère dans la tranchée la moitié des remblais disponibles,comme indiqué en R1 sur la figure 1. On effectue simultanément des opérations consistant à creuser dans les parties supérieures des flancs de la tranchée des saignées latérales,désignées par 9 sur les figures et destinées à recevoir les panneaux transversaux P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, etc.., qu'on met d'ailleurs en place dès que les saignées 9 sont terminées. Ces panneaux transversaux peuvent être formés de matériaux capables de tenir jusqu'à consolidation des terres.notamment de bois ou de métal. On précisera dans la suite de la description leur mode d'agencement dans les saignées.Then, half of the available fill is transferred into the trench, as indicated in R1 in FIG. 1. Lateral grooves, designated by 9 in the figures, are carried out simultaneously in the upper parts of the sides of the trench. intended to receive the transverse panels P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, etc., which, moreover, are put in place as soon as the grooves 9 are finished. These transverse panels can be formed of materials capable of holding until consolidation of the earths, in particular wood or metal. We will specify in the following description their arrangement mode in the grooves.

Ensuite,on met en place sur la longueur de la tranchée un film de matière perméable,par exemple un film formé d'une matière plastique perméable/nontissée connue sous la désignation commerciale "BIDIM" ou l'équivalent,de façon que le film passe par dessus les différents panneaux transversaux PI, P2. P3. P4.P5 comme le montre la fizure l,et s'appuie, dans des intervalles intermédiaires, sur le remblai R1 déià mis en place dans la tranchée. On obtient ainsi entre les différents panneaux des sortes d'alvéoles qui sont maintenant conditionnées de la façon suivante:Next, a film of permeable material is placed over the length of the trench, for example a film formed from a permeable / nonwoven plastic material known under the commercial designation "BIDIM" or the equivalent, so that the film passes over the different transverse panels PI, P2. P3. P4.P5 as shown in Figure 1, and is supported, in intermediate intervals, on the embankment R1 already placed in the trench. We thus obtain between the different panels kinds of cells which are now conditioned in the following way:

On comble le volume résiduel de la tranchée avec le reste du remblai,comme indiqué en R2 sur les figures 1 et 2.Puis, pour tenir ce remblai R2 dans les alvéoles précitées, on dispose à sa partie supérieure,un grillage, par exemple en fer galvanisé,dont on assure la tension à l'aide de broches,comme indiqué en 8 sur les figures 2 et 3. Il n'est cas nécessaire que ce grillade soit très résistant à la décomposition et il suffit qu'il résiste jusqu'à consolidation des terres, par exemple environ 2 ans en climat tempéré car on estime qu'au bout d'une telle période la végétation a suffisamment progressé pour assurer ensuite le maintien du remblai R2.The residual volume of the trench is filled with the rest of the embankment, as indicated in R2 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Then, to hold this embankment R2 in the abovementioned cells, there is a grid, at its upper part, for example in galvanized iron, the tension of which is ensured by means of pins, as indicated at 8 in FIGS. 2 and 3. It is not necessary for this grill to be very resistant to decomposition and it is sufficient for it to resist until consolidation of the land, for example about 2 years in a temperate climate because it is estimated that after such a period the vegetation has progressed enough to then ensure the maintenance of the R2 embankment.

Il reste maintenant à préciser la disposition des panneaux transversaux P1, P2 P3, P4 et P5. Comme le montre la figure l,ces panneaux sont disposés dans l'ensemble avec une orientation approximativement verticale mais,pour faciliter l'écoulement des eaux de pluie et éviter les effets de ravinage et d'érosion,on dispose lesdits panne.aux en oblique par rapport à la direction de la tranchée.cette obliquité étant habituellement matérialisée par l'angle α sur la figure 3. Cet angle o( peut être compris entre 90 et 75°. Si la tranchée ne suit pas la ligne de plus grande pente du terrain, l'orientation des panneaux est choisie pour empêcher un retour des eaux de ruissellement vers la tranchée. En outre,l'espacement e des panneaux est déterminé en fonction des conditions existantes de l'ouvrage, c'est-à-dire notamment de la pluviométrie, de la pente du terrain, de la nature du sol,des caractéristiques du film etc. La hauteur d'encastrement des panneaux dans les saignées 9 est comprise approximativement entre le quart et le tiers de la hauteur de la fouille.et on tient compte également,pour déterminer cette hauteur d'encastrement.des conditions de l'ouvrage.It now remains to specify the arrangement of the transverse panels P1, P2 P3, P4 and P5. As shown in Figure l, these panels are arranged overall with an approximately vertical orientation but, to facilitate the flow of rainwater and avoid the effects of gullying and erosion, these purlins are arranged obliquely relative to the direction of the trench. This obliquity is usually materialized by the angle α in Figure 3. This angle o (can be between 90 and 75 °. If the trench does not follow the line of greatest slope of the field, the orientation of the panels is chosen to prevent a return of runoff water to the trench In addition, the spacing e of the panels is determined according to the existing conditions of the structure, that is to say in particular rainfall, slope of the ground, nature of the soil, characteristics of the film, etc. The installation height of the panels in the grooves 9 is approximately between a quarter and a third of the height of the excavation. and we also take into account t, to determine this installation height. of the conditions of the structure.

En outre,pour éviter que les eaux de pluie ne reviennent dans la tranchée après avoir quitté le panneau transversal correspondant, il est prévu sur celui-ci un prolongement déflecteur. mis en évidence en 11 sur les figures 2 et 3.Ce prolongement peut étre constitué par une simple planche qui est fixée en haut du panneau P2,P3... et qui est légèrement encastrée dans le terrain avoisinant la fouille, comme indiqué en 11A sur la figure 2. Il est également possible de réunir le panneau et le prolongement déflecteur sous la forme d'un ensemble monobloc.In addition, to prevent rainwater from returning to the trench after leaving the corresponding transverse panel, a deflector extension is provided thereon. highlighted in 11 in FIGS. 2 and 3. This extension can be constituted by a simple board which is fixed at the top of the panel P 2 , P 3 ... and which is slightly embedded in the land in the vicinity of the excavation, as indicated in 11A in FIG. 2. It is also possible to join the panel and the deflector extension in the form of a monobloc assembly.

Pour mieux illustrer la mise en pratique du procédé selon l'invention,on va donner dans la suite,sous forme de tableau. les principales caractéristiques d'installation en tranchée de deux conduites ayant des diamètres respectifs de 0,200 m et 1,200 m.

Figure imgb0001
To better illustrate the implementation of the method according to the invention, we will give below, in the form of a table. the main characteristics of installation in trenches of two pipes having respective diameters of 0.200 m and 1.200 m.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (6)

1.Procédé pour retenir les terres agrès excavation d'un sol en pente,notamment pour le passage d'une conduite en tranchée,caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes: -on réalise en pied de pente un massif de butée (6), -on place en fond de fouille au moins un drain latéral (5), -on remblaie approximativement jusqu'à la moitié de la fouille (R 1), -on répartit sur la longueur de la fouille des panaeaux transversaux (P1,P2...P5...) qui sont encastrés dans les parties supérieures des deux flancs de fouille, -on met en place sur la longueur de la fouille un film (F) continu en matière perméable qui alappuie sur le remblai existant et qui passe par-dessus chaque panneau transversal, et -on place dans les alvéoles ainsi formées entre les panneaux transversaux le reste (R2)du remblai. 1.Process for retaining soil excavation of sloping ground, in particular for the passage of a trench pipe, characterized in that it comprises the following stages: - a massive stop (6) is made at the foot of the slope, -at least one lateral drain (5) is placed at the bottom of the excavation, - we backfill approximately up to half of the excavation ( R 1 ), -we spread over the length of the excavation transverse panels (P 1 , P 2 ... P 5 ...) which are embedded in the upper parts of the two sides of the excavation, a continuous film (F) of permeable material is placed over the length of the excavation which rests on the existing embankment and which passes over each transverse panel, and -the rest (R 2 ) of the fill is placed in the cells thus formed between the transverse panels. 2.Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on assure la retenue du remblai des alvéoles entre panneaux à l'aide de grillages (7) ancrés dans la sol par des moyens appropriés, par exemple des broches (S).2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it retains the backfill of the cells between panels using grids (7) anchored in the ground by suitable means, for example pins (S). 3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2,caractérisé en ce qu'on encastre les panneaux transversaux (P1.P2.. P5)dans les flancs de la tranchée sur une hauteur comprise approximativement entre le quart et le tiers de la hauteur de la tranchée.3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the transverse panels (P 1 .P 2 .. P 5 ) are embedded in the sides of the trench over a height of approximately between a quarter and the third of the height of the trench. 4.Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce qu'on espace les panneaux transversaux (P1.. P5) en fonction de la pente de la tranchée et de la nature du sol.4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the transverse panels (P 1 .. P 5 ) are spaced according to the slope of the trench and the nature of the soil. 5.Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4. caractérisé en ce que,pour faciliter l'écoulement des eaux de pluie on dispose les panneaux transversaux à peu près verticalement et en oblique par rapport à la direction de la tranchée.5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4. characterized in that, to facilitate the flow of rainwater, the transverse panels are arranged approximately vertically and obliquely with respect to the direction of the trench. 6.Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que,pour rejeter les eaux de pluie en dehors de la zone de la tranchée,il est prévu,d'un côté et à la partie supérieure de chaque panneau,un prolongement déflecteur (11).6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, to discharge rainwater outside the trench area, there is provided, on one side and at the top of each panel , a deflector extension (11).
EP83401200A 1982-06-11 1983-06-10 Method of retaining the earth after excavating sloping soil, among others for the passage of a conduit in a trench Ceased EP0097098A1 (en)

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FR8210265 1982-06-11
FR8210265A FR2528467A1 (en) 1982-06-11 1982-06-11 PROCESS FOR RETAINING LAND AFTER EXCAVATION OF A SLOPED GROUND, PARTICULARLY FOR CROSSING A PIPE IN A TRENCH

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CN111395454A (en) * 2020-04-24 2020-07-10 宁波城市职业技术学院 Soil-retaining and water-collecting construction method and soil-retaining and water-collecting structure

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CN111074781A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-28 中铁大桥局集团有限公司 Method for quickly excavating suspension bridge tunnel anchor

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FR2114155A6 (en) * 1970-07-09 1972-06-30 Bodin Girin & Cie
FR2311142A1 (en) * 1975-05-14 1976-12-10 Nobuharu Nagaoka PROCESS FOR STABILIZING SLOPING TERRAIN
FR2441685A1 (en) * 1978-11-14 1980-06-13 Vignon Jean Francois ALVEOLAR TEXTILE MATERIAL FOR CONSOLIDATING AND CLEANING UP FLOORS FOR PUBLIC OR OTHER WORKS
DE2919961A1 (en) * 1979-05-17 1980-11-20 Josef Ing Grad Nachtsheim Waterway anti-erosion system using vegetation - has each plant anchored by arch shaped member with corrugated legs securing roots
US4288175A (en) * 1979-10-29 1981-09-08 Henningson, Durham & Richardson, Inc. Reticulately reinforced earthen dams and method for providing reinforcement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2591064A1 (en) * 1985-12-10 1987-06-12 Rhone Poulenc Fibres Means and its method of implementation for stabilising sloping pulverulent ground by implanting durable vegetation
WO1999063164A1 (en) * 1998-06-02 1999-12-09 Isis Innovation Limited A method and apparatus for consolidation of sedimentary beds
CN111395454A (en) * 2020-04-24 2020-07-10 宁波城市职业技术学院 Soil-retaining and water-collecting construction method and soil-retaining and water-collecting structure

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FR2528467A1 (en) 1983-12-16
FR2528467B1 (en) 1985-03-29

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