EP0097088A1 - Floating harbour pontoon for loading or unloading ships, especially roll on, roll off ships - Google Patents

Floating harbour pontoon for loading or unloading ships, especially roll on, roll off ships Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0097088A1
EP0097088A1 EP83401144A EP83401144A EP0097088A1 EP 0097088 A1 EP0097088 A1 EP 0097088A1 EP 83401144 A EP83401144 A EP 83401144A EP 83401144 A EP83401144 A EP 83401144A EP 0097088 A1 EP0097088 A1 EP 0097088A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pontoon
aforementioned
quay
platform
ship
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83401144A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0097088B1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Georges G. Lemaitre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mac Gregor International SA
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Mac Gregor International SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8209676A external-priority patent/FR2528004B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8304976A external-priority patent/FR2543101B2/en
Application filed by Mac Gregor International SA filed Critical Mac Gregor International SA
Publication of EP0097088A1 publication Critical patent/EP0097088A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0097088B1 publication Critical patent/EP0097088B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
    • B63B39/02—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses
    • B63B39/03—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude to decrease vessel movements by displacement of masses by transferring liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/14—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of ramps, gangways or outboard ladders ; Pilot lifts
    • B63B27/143—Ramps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/19—Other loading or unloading equipment involving an intermittent action, not provided in groups B63B27/04 - B63B27/18
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/24—Bridges or similar structures, based on land or on a fixed structure and designed to give access to ships or other floating structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a floating port pontoon for loading and unloading of a ship, in particular ro-ro.
  • a floating floating floating pontoon known for loading and unloading a ship comprises a ballasting system, one end of said pontoon being linked to a quay and another end being adjacent to said ship, so as to provide a connecting track between the dock and the ship.
  • the end on the quay side rests on a civil engineering structure specially designed at the quay and the other end, on the ship side, is supported by a float balancing only the self-weight of the pontoon.
  • This float is also connected laterally by a rack arm to a Duke of Alba to allow positioning in the longitudinal axis of the ship. In operation, the float is connected to the ship in such a way that this connection absorbs the overloads due to rolling vehicles.
  • This pontoon has a number of drawbacks. Indeed, it is necessary in this case to adjust the transverse position of the pontoon relative to the ship, to provide a special connection with the ship to absorb the rolling overloads and to specially prepare a quay to receive the end of said pontoon. In addition, it is very difficult to change this known pontoon site because of the important operations necessary for this: lifting the pontoon on the quay side, positioning a barge under the part not supported by the float, towing, etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate all the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art by creating a floating port pontoon for loading and unloading a ship, in particular a road vessel, of the type comprising a ballasting system, one end of said pontoon being linked to a quay and another end being adjacent to said ship, so as to provide a connection path between the quay and the ship, characterized in that said end of the pontoon, quay side, is in one-sided connection with the latter, by support simple thereon, and in that said ballasting system is designed so that said end of the pontoon, quay side, always exerts a downward pressure force on it, regardless of the relative position of the overloads or rolling loads on the pontoon, within the limit of the maximum admissible overloads or rolling loads corresponding to the said ballasting system.
  • the pontoon according to the invention thus supports only nnn its own weight but also all the rolling loads when loading or unloading the ship.
  • the ballasting system makes it possible to ensure that the quay end of the pontoon is never lifted from the quay, by longitudinal tilting under the loads rollers arriving at the opposite end, but is on the contrary designed so as to always exert a pressing pressure on the quay, regardless of the existence and the relative position of rolling loads on the pontoon.
  • the pontoon comprises a ramp whose free end rests in simple support on the quay, and a floating platform, in particular of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, integral with said ramp, adjacent to the abovementioned ship and provided with the aforementioned ballasting system; the side of said platform integral with said ramp being in particular opposite to the side adjacent to the ship.
  • the aforementioned platform is divided by a vertical partition substantially parallel to the aforementioned sides of the platform secured to the aforementioned ramp and adjacent to the aforementioned ship, respectively, and located in particular in the transverse median vertical plane of the platform; said partition defining, on the one hand quay side, at least one ballast compartment preferably filled at least partially with water, and on the other hand on the side adjacent to the ship, at least one lower compartment, permanently filled with air , surmounted by a ballast compartment preferably at least partially filled with water; said ballast compartments communicating through at least one balancing orifice provided in said partition; said compartments defining a ballast assembly.
  • the opening of the above-mentioned balancing orifice can be controlled by a valve.
  • the aforementioned platform comprises two aforementioned ballasting assemblies arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median vertical plane of the pontoon and separated by at least one bell or marnant compartment communicating through at least one orifice with the outside air.
  • This communication orifice possibly fitted with a valve, is calibrated so that the water level in the marnant compartment follows the tide level according to a predetermined function of time.
  • the aforementioned end of the pontoon in simple support on the quay comprises at least one support member consisting of two yokes integral with said end and coming to cap by their cylindrical concave internal surface a cylindrical trunnion integral a pad, with a convex cylindrical face, bearing on the quay.
  • Each aforementioned yoke can be closed by a removable retaining tab.
  • the above-mentioned suspension system comprises a means forming a loop cable passing through a system of pulleys fixed at the lower and upper ends, respectively, of two means forming brackets provided, on the quay, on either side other, from the aforementioned end of the pontoon; and passing below said end; the ends of said cable being connected to the ends of the transverse edge beam of said end of the pontoon, said beam playing the role of a lifter.
  • the ends of the aforementioned cable are connected to the ends of the abovementioned edge beam by means forming a shackle; each of said ends being connected to the collar of each shackle; while a pivoting connecting member connects, on the one hand, the axis of said shackle, and, on the other hand, an axis substantially horizontal and parallel to the abovementioned edge beam passing through a means forming a yoke provided. end of said edge beam.
  • Turnbuckles are possibly provided to wrinkle the cables.
  • the aforementioned suspension system consists of a deformable polygon, consisting of a number of bars, in particular of metal, connected together and / or at the aforementioned end of the pontoon.
  • the aforementioned polygon comprises two suspension bars or hangers connected, on the one hand, to the ends of the aforementioned transverse edge beam of the aforementioned end of the pontoon and, on the other hand, to one end of the first spreader means attached to the top means forming gallows placed, on the quay, on either side of said end of the pontoon, and able to oscillate about an axis substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon; two suspension bars connected, on the one hand, to the other end of said lifter means and, on the other hand, to one end of the second lifter means provided at the lower end of said brackets, and which can oscillate around a substantially horizontal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon; and a balancing crosspiece passing under said end of the pontoon and the two ends of which are articulated at the other end of said second spreader means.
  • the upper ends of the aforementioned lines are placed freely movable on the ends of the aforementioned spreaders, produced in particular in the form of a fork.
  • the upper ends of the aforementioned lines are articulated to the first aforementioned spreaders, in particular by a universal joint, the spider of which is rotatably mounted in flange forks provided at the end of said spreaders and said lines, respectively.
  • the lower ends of the aforementioned lines are articulated at the aforementioned ends of the aforementioned edge beam, in particular by a universal joint, the crosspiece of which is rotatably mounted in flange forks provided at the lower ends of said lines and at the ends of said edge beam , respectively.
  • the aforementioned second spreaders are produced in the form of substantially triangular plates at the vertices of which the aforementioned axis of rotation is provided, as well as the axes of articulation of the aforementioned bars.
  • the articulation of the aforementioned bars to the first and second aforementioned lifting beams is effected by means of flange forks provided at the ends of said bars and in which the aforementioned articulation axes can pivot.
  • the aforementioned end of the pontoon is equipped with a certain number of defenses, while a secondary connection is provided between the quay and the aforementioned end of the pontoon by means of cables, tie rods , and possibly shock absorbers.
  • the road connection between the aforementioned end of the pontoon and the quay is provided by a number of flaps articulated at said end and coming to rest on the quay.
  • the pontoon can be equipped with a bumper system distributed along its side walls, as well as a mooring system comprising a certain number of chains and hawsers fixed on the one hand to the quay and on the other hand to the pontoon, in particular to the ramp and the platform forms the constituent.
  • the floating port pontoon 1 for loading and unloading a ship 2, in particular a ro-ro ship, comprises a ballasting system 3.
  • One end 4 of the pontoon 1 is linked to a quay 5 and another end 6, in particular opposite to the first end 4, is adjacent to the ship 2, so as to create a connecting track between the quay 5 and the ship 2.
  • the end 4 of the pontoon 1, on the quay side 5, is connected unilaterally with the latter, by simple pressing on it.
  • the ballasting system 3 is designed so that the end 4 of the pontoon, quay side 5, always exerts a downward pressure force on it, regardless of the relative position of the overloads or rolling loads R on the pontoon 1, within the limit of the maximum admissible overloads or rolling loads corresponding to the ballasting system 3.
  • the pontoon 1 according to a currently preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a ramp 7, the free end 4 of which rests in simple support on the quay 5, and a floating platform 8, particularly in shape generally rectangular parallelepiped, integral with the ramp 7, adjacent to the vessel 2 and provided with the ballasting system 3.
  • the side 9 of the platform 8 is integral with the ramp 7 and opposite the side 10 adjacent to the vessel 2.
  • the platform 8 is divided by a vertical partition 11 substantially parallel to the sides 9, 10 of the platform 8 integral with the ramp 7 and adjacent to the ship 2, respectively .
  • the vertical partition 11 is notably located in the transverse median vertical plane of the platform 8, that is to say the plane perpendicular to the median vertical longitudinal plane of the pontoon X, X ′ whose intersection with the deck of the platform 8 and the ramp 7 defines the direction of the connecting track connecting, via the pontoon 1, the quay 5 to the ship 2.
  • the partition 11 may extend over all or part of the width or possibly of the length of the platform 8 (in the example shown, as can be seen in particular in Figure 1, the upper surface of the platform 8 is substantially square but may of course have another shape, in particular rectangular ).
  • the partition 11 defines on the one hand quay side, at least one ballast compartment 12 at least partially filled with water, and on the other hand on the side adjacent to the ship, at least one lower compartment 13, permanently filled with air, surmounted by a ballast compartment 14 at least partially filled with water.
  • the ballast compartments 12, 14 at least partially filled with water communicate through a balancing orifice 15 provided in the partition 11.
  • the compartments 12, 13, 14 define what will be called hereinafter a ballast assembly.
  • the opening of the orifice 15 of equili brage can be controlled by a valve 16.
  • the platform 8 comprises two ballasting assemblies 3a, 3b, each comprising the compartments 12, 13, 14 defined above.
  • the ballast assemblies 3a, 3b are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median vertical plane of the pontoon X, X 'and are separated by at least one bell or marnant compartment 17 communicating by at least one orifice 18 with the outside air.
  • one or two aforementioned bell compartments 17 can be provided.
  • the communication orifice 18, possibly fitted with a valve 19, is calibrated so that the water level in the marling compartment follows the level of the tide.
  • the ballasting system 3 described above operates as follows.
  • the compartment (s) 13 permanently filled with air generate a hydrostatic thrust constant in intensity and at the point of application exerting a downward pressure force on the end 4 of the pontoon 1 (that is to say in the embodiment illustrated on the end of the ramp 7) by simple support on the platform 5.
  • the volume of the compartment (s) permanently filled with air is of course adapted so that, in relation to the position of the center of gravity of the pontoon, the support on the quay always remains positive despite the presence of the highest rated loads R expected arriving at the end on the ship side of the pontoon.
  • the marly compartment or compartments 17 communicate with the outside air through a calibrated orifice 18 so that the water level in the compartment (s) follows the level of the tide.
  • the air passage rate through the orifice 18 must correspond to the period of the tide, that is to say approximately 6 hours.
  • the lateral compartments 12 and 14 make it possible to ensure transverse balance in the event that the rolling load is transversely offset with respect to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the pontoon, (the line EE 'representing the sea level ).
  • FIG. 5a also illustrates the behavior of pontoon 1 according to the level of the tide.
  • the upper line A, A ' represents any level of the tide.
  • the ballast compartments 12, 14 are filled with water at a level corresponding substantially to that of the sea, the orifice 15 provided in the partition 11 separating the two compartments 12, 14 facilitating the equalization of the levels of water in said compartments. It is obvious that this is valid for the two ballasting systems 3a, 3b each comprising two compartments 12, 14 for ballasting.
  • the end of the deck of platform 8, adjacent to ship 2 is then at a certain level or threshold above sea level.
  • the lower line BB ' represents a lower tide level than the line A A'
  • the water level in the compartments remaining substantially at the current level of the tide, the threshold defined above remains constant; and the inclination of the platform bridge and the ramp relative to the horizontal varies by pivoting the pontoon around the fixed point formed by simple support on the quay at the free end of the ramp.
  • FIG. 5b illustrates the variation of the threshold defined above according to the type of ship (that is to say according to the height of the ramp of the ship above the water level and / or according to the variation of the load of the ship during the loading or unloading operations thereof) by ballasting of the compartments 12, 14.
  • line C C ' corresponds a low threshold
  • line DD ' corresponds a high threshold.
  • the inclination relative to the horizontal of the pontoon bridge varies, depending on the ballasting of the compartments, by pivoting around the fixed point constituted by the simple pressing of the free end of the ramp on the dock.
  • the end 4 of the pontoon 1 in simple support on the platform 5 comprises at least one support member 20 consisting of two scaffolds 21 integral from the end 4, and coming to cap by their cylindrical concave internal surface 22 a cylindrical pin 23 secured to a pad 24, with a convex cylindrical face 25, bearing on the platform 5.
  • Each cap 21 can be closed by a tab 26 removable retainer, especially when moving the pontoon from one site to another.
  • a single support member 20 is provided substantially in the middle of the end 4 of the ramp 7. In fact, in this case, the ramp 7 is only subjected to torsional stresses negligible due to the support reaction on the platform.
  • two support members 20 transversely spaced can then be provided without the torsional stresses in the ramp becoming excessive.
  • the pontoon according to the invention is also equipped with a bumper system 27 distributed along its side walls, in particular on the sides of the platform 8. It is also equipped with a mooring system 28 comprising a certain number of chains 29 and hawsers 30 fixed on the one hand to the quay 5, and on the other hand to the pontoon, in particular to the ramp 7 and to the platform 8, by mooring bittes 31.
  • each ballast compartment is controlled by two pairs of pumps, having a flow rate for example of around 450 m3 / h per pair.
  • These pumps are arranged in housings 32 provided on each side of the platform 8, each pair of pumps being coupled to one of the ballasting systems 3a, 3b defined above.
  • the system is adapted to operate with only one of the two pumps in each pair.
  • the electrical control system for the pontoon can in particular be provided in cabin 33.
  • the connection between the platform 8 and the ship 2 is ensured by the ship's own ramp 36 which simply rests on the platform 8.
  • the connection track 34 defined by the platform and the ramp is limited by safety wheel guide slides 35, an access passage 37 for pedestrians being provided on the ramp.
  • the platform 8 is wide enough transversely to eliminate any positioning adjustment relating to the vessel 2.
  • the pontoon 1 is provided with a suspension system 100 at the end 4 thereof, on the quay side, intended to resume the oscillating movements due to swell and / or loads rolling.
  • the suspension system 100 comprises a loop cable means 101 passing through a system of pulleys 102, 103, pivotally fixed to the lower and upper ends, respectively, of two means forming brackets 104, 105 provided, on the quay 5, on either side of the end 4 of the pontoon 1; the cable 101 passing below the end 4.
  • the ends 106., 107 of the cable 101 are connected to the ends 108, 109 of the transverse edge beam 110 of the end 4 of the pontoon, which beam 110 plays the role a lifting beam.
  • This system amounts to creating a fictitious central support for the bookcase, whose possible oscillation movement, of the order of a few degrees., In particular between 5 and 10 °, relative to the horizontal, is taken up by the suspension system , the tilting moment due to overloads being balanced by the shape stability of the float.
  • the suspension system also allows the horizontal horizontal movement while retaining the ability to withstand the vertical forces due to the support reactions of the ramp and overloads. This system is particularly suitable for light walkways.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the zone XI of FIG. 7, and which is identical to the zone corresponding to the other end of the edge beam 110, the ends 106, 107 of the cable 101 are connected to the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110 by means 111 forming a shackle.
  • Each of said ends 106, 107 is connected, for example by being wound in a loop, to the collar 112 of each shackle 111, while a pivoting connecting member 113 connects, on the one hand, the axis 114 of the shackle 111 and , on the other hand, an axis 115 substantially horizontal and parallel to the edge beam 110 and passing through a screed means 116 provided at each end of the edge beam 110.
  • the axis 114, passing through the flanges 114c of the shackle 111 is provided with locking members 114a, 114b; similarly the axis 115 crossing the two branches of the yoke 116 is provided with locking members, in position, 115a and 115b.
  • the cable 101 can be fitted, in particular the portions thereof between the upper pulleys 102 and the shackles 111 with turnbuckles 147.
  • a second embodiment of the suspension system 100 consisting of a deformable polygon 117, consisting of a number of bars, in particular of metal, connected together and / or at the end 4 of pontoon 1.
  • the polygon 117 comprises two suspension bars or hangers 118, 119, which may in particular constitute rods, connected, on the one hand to the ends 108, 109 of the transverse edge beam 110 from the end 4 of the pontoon 1 and, on the other hand, to an end mite 120a, 121a, facing the pontoon, first means forming pedals 120, 121 fixed to the top of means forming gallows 122, 123 placed, on the quay 5, on either side of the end 4 of pontoon 1, and able to oscillate around an axis 124, 125 substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis XX 'of the pontoon 1.
  • the polygon 117 also comprises two suspension bars 126, 127, forming rods, connected, in particular articulated, of a part, at the other end 120b, 121b (that is to say the end turned towards the outside of the pontoon) of the first spreader means 120, 121 and, on the other hand, at one end 128a, 129a second means forming spreaders 128, 129 provided at the lower end of the brackets 122, 123, and able to oscillate about an axis 130, 131 substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis XX 'of the pontoon 1.
  • the polygon 117 comprises in addition a balancing cross member 132, forming a rod passing under the end 4 of the pontoon 1; and the two ends 132a, 132b of which are connected, in particular articulated, to the other end 128b, 129b of the second means forming spreaders 128, 129.
  • This second embodiment of the suspension system allows greater movements, in particular oscillating movements of the end 4 symbolized in phantom in Figure 4, of the order of a few degrees.
  • This second embodiment also allows greater forces to be taken up in the bars, and the system as a whole has a longer lifespan than that of the first embodiment, notably comprising a cable subjected to rapid wear.
  • This second embodiment is particularly well suited for gangways intended for heavy convoys.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show in detail the mode of connection between the lifter 120 and the hanger 118; however, it is obvious that the connection mode, illustrated by these figures, is identical to the connection mode provided between the lifter 121 and the line 119.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 a second mode of connection will be described below between the upper ends of the lines 118, 119 and the lifting beams 120, 121.
  • the upper ends of the lines 118, 119 are articulated to the lifting beams 120, 121, in particular by a universal joint 135, the crosspiece 136, formed in particular of two perpendicular axes 136a, 136b, is rotatably mounted in flanged forks 137, 138 provided at the end of the lifting beams and lines, respectively.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the connection mode for the hanger 118 and the lifter 120; but it is obvious that this mode of connection is identical for the line 119 and the lifter 121 correspondents.
  • connection mode between the lower end of the hanger 118 and the end 108 of the edge beam 110; but it is obvious that the connection mode is identical for the line 119 and the end 109 of the edge beam 110.
  • the lower ends of the lines 118, 119 are articulated at the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110, in particular by a universal joint 139 whose cross 140, formed in particular of two perpendicular axes 140a, 140b, is rotatably mounted in flange forks 141, 142 provided at the lower ends of the lines 118, 119 and at the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110, respectively.
  • This articulation system allows the lines to be rotated by an angle of between approximately 10 and 15 °, as shown in phantom in Figures 16 and 17.
  • the second spreaders 128, 129 are produced in the form of substantially triangular plates at the vertices of which the axis of rotation 130, 131 is provided, as well as the axes of articulation 128a, 128b; 129a, 129b of bars 126, 127; 132.
  • the articulation of bars 126, 127; 132 to the first and second spreaders 120, 121; 128, 129 is done in particular by means of flange forks provided at the ends of said bars and in which the pivot pins can pivot lation 130, 131.
  • the end 4 of the pontoon 1 is equipped with a certain number of defenses 143, the shape and number of which vary according to the practical requirements for setting up the pontoon.
  • a secondary connection is provided between the quay 5 and the end 4 of the pontoon 1 by means of cables, chains or tie rods 144, tie rods which can in particular be articulated at 148 to the casing 149 of the quay 5.
  • This secondary link may also include shock absorbers 145 comprising in particular an elastomer body 145a, and which is connected, on the one hand, to the tie rods 144 connected to the quay 5 and, on the other hand, to the cables 150 or the like connected to the pontoon 1.
  • gallows 122, 123; 104, 105 can be arranged on a step 151 provided in platform 5 below the level of the platform itself.
  • the pontoon 1 according to the invention is easily transferable from one site of use to another without special auxiliary equipment and by implementing a minimum of operations. Indeed, by deballasting the compartments 12, 14, the pontoon is lifted from the quay 5 so as to have an acceptable trim and draft. To do this, close the valve connecting the ballast compartments and fill these in order to have a good balance of the pontoon with a required draft. Once the pontoon is placed in the high transport position, it can be moved, for example, by a tug coming with torque or by self-propulsion.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

According to the invention, it comprises a ballasting system, one end of said pontoon being connected to a quay and another end being adjacent to said ship, and it is characterized in that said end (4) of the pontoon (1), on the quay side (5), has a unilateral connection with the latter, by simply bearing thereon, and in that said ballasting system (3) is such that said end (4) of the pontoon (1), on the quay side (5) exerts continuously on the latter a downward pressure force, independently of the relative position of the rolling loads or overloads R on the pontoon (1), within the limits of maximum admissible rolling loads or overloads corresponding to said ballasting system (3). The invention is particularly applied to harbor equipment.

Description

Domaine techniqueTechnical area

La présente invention concerne un ponton portuaire flottant de chargement et de déchargement d'un navire, notamment roulier.The present invention relates to a floating port pontoon for loading and unloading of a ship, in particular ro-ro.

Technique antérieurePrior art

Un ponton portuaire flottant connu de chargement et de déchargement d'un navire, notamment roulier, comprend un système de ballastage, une extrémité dudit ponton étant liée à un quai et une autre extrémité étant adjacente audit navire, de façon à réaliser une voie de liaison entre le quai et le navire. Dans ce ponton connu, l'extrémité côté quai repose sur un ouvrage de génie civil spécialement conçu à quai et l'autre extrémité, côté navire, est supportée par un flotteur équilibrant seulement le poids propre du ponton. Ce flotteur est en outre relié latéralement par un bras à crémaillère à un duc d'Albe pour permettre un positionnement dans l'axe longitudinal du navire. En opération, le flotteur est relié au navire de telle façon que cette liaison absorbe les surcharges dues aux véhicules roulants.A floating floating pontoon known for loading and unloading a ship, in particular ro-ro, comprises a ballasting system, one end of said pontoon being linked to a quay and another end being adjacent to said ship, so as to provide a connecting track between the dock and the ship. In this known pontoon, the end on the quay side rests on a civil engineering structure specially designed at the quay and the other end, on the ship side, is supported by a float balancing only the self-weight of the pontoon. This float is also connected laterally by a rack arm to a Duke of Alba to allow positioning in the longitudinal axis of the ship. In operation, the float is connected to the ship in such a way that this connection absorbs the overloads due to rolling vehicles.

Ce ponton présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients. En effet, il est nécessaire dans ce cas de régler la position transversale du ponton par rapport au navire, de prévoir une liaison spéciale avec le navire pour absorber les surcharges roulantes et de préparer spécialement un quai pour recevoir l'extrémité dudit ponton. En outre, il est très difficile de changer de site ce ponton connu en raison des importantes opérations nécessaires pour cela : soulèvement du ponton côté quai, positionnement d'une barge sous la partie non supportée par le flotteur, remorquage etc.This pontoon has a number of drawbacks. Indeed, it is necessary in this case to adjust the transverse position of the pontoon relative to the ship, to provide a special connection with the ship to absorb the rolling overloads and to specially prepare a quay to receive the end of said pontoon. In addition, it is very difficult to change this known pontoon site because of the important operations necessary for this: lifting the pontoon on the quay side, positioning a barge under the part not supported by the float, towing, etc.

Exposé de l'inventionStatement of the invention

La présente invention a pour but de supprimer tous les inconvénients précités de l'art antérieur en créant un ponton portuaire flottant de chargement et de déchargement d'un navire, notamment routier, du type comprenant un système de ballastage, une extrémité dudit ponton étant liée à un quai et une autre extrémité étant adjacente audit navire, de façon à réaliser une voie de liaison entre le quai et le navire, caractérisé en ce que ladite extrémité du ponton, côté quai, est à liaison unilatérale avec celui-ci, par appui simple sur celui-ci, et en ce que ledit système de ballastage est conçu de façon que ladite extrémité du ponton, côté quai, exerce toujours une force de pression descendante sur celui-ci, indépendamment de la position relative des surcharges ou charges roulantes sur le ponton, dans la limite des surcharges ou charges roulantes maximales admissibles correspondant audit système de ballastage.The object of the present invention is to eliminate all the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art by creating a floating port pontoon for loading and unloading a ship, in particular a road vessel, of the type comprising a ballasting system, one end of said pontoon being linked to a quay and another end being adjacent to said ship, so as to provide a connection path between the quay and the ship, characterized in that said end of the pontoon, quay side, is in one-sided connection with the latter, by support simple thereon, and in that said ballasting system is designed so that said end of the pontoon, quay side, always exerts a downward pressure force on it, regardless of the relative position of the overloads or rolling loads on the pontoon, within the limit of the maximum admissible overloads or rolling loads corresponding to the said ballasting system.

Le ponton selon l'invention supporte ainsi nnn seulement son poids propre mais également toutes les charges roulantes lors du chargement ou du déchargement du navire.Le système de ballastage permet en effet d,'assurer que l'extrémité côté quai du ponton ne soit jamais soulevée du quai, par basculement longitudinal sous les charges roulantes arrivant à l'extrémité opposée, mais est au contraire conçu de façon à toujours exercer une pression d'appui sur le quai, indépendamment de l'existence et de la position relative de charges roulantes sur le ponton.The pontoon according to the invention thus supports only nnn its own weight but also all the rolling loads when loading or unloading the ship. The ballasting system makes it possible to ensure that the quay end of the pontoon is never lifted from the quay, by longitudinal tilting under the loads rollers arriving at the opposite end, but is on the contrary designed so as to always exert a pressing pressure on the quay, regardless of the existence and the relative position of rolling loads on the pontoon.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le ponton comprend une rampe dont l'extrémité libre repose en appui simple sur le quai, et une plate-forme flottante, notamment de forme généralement parallélépipèdique rectangulaire, solidaire de ladite rampe, adjacente au navire précité et munie du système de ballastage précité ; le côté de ladite plate-forme solidaire de ladite rampe étant en particulier opposé au côté adjacent au navire.According to another characteristic of the invention, the pontoon comprises a ramp whose free end rests in simple support on the quay, and a floating platform, in particular of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, integral with said ramp, adjacent to the abovementioned ship and provided with the aforementioned ballasting system; the side of said platform integral with said ramp being in particular opposite to the side adjacent to the ship.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la plate-forme précitée est divisée par une cloison verticale sensiblement parallèle aux côtés précités de la plate-forme solidaire-de la rampe précitée et adjacente au navire précité, respectivement, et située notamment dans le plan vertical médian transversal de la plate-forme ; ladite cloison définissant, d'une part côté quai, au moins un compartiment de ballastage de préférence rempli au moins partiellement d'eau, et d'autre part du côté adjacent au navire, au moins un compartiment inférieur ,rempli d'air en permanence, surmonté par un compartiment de ballastage de préférence au moins partiellement rempli d'eau ; lesdits compartiments de ballastage communiquant par au moins un orifice d'équilibrage prévu dans ladite cloison ; lesdits compartiments définissant un ensemble de ballastage. L'ouverture de l'orifice d'équilibrage précité peut être commandée par une vanne.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned platform is divided by a vertical partition substantially parallel to the aforementioned sides of the platform secured to the aforementioned ramp and adjacent to the aforementioned ship, respectively, and located in particular in the transverse median vertical plane of the platform; said partition defining, on the one hand quay side, at least one ballast compartment preferably filled at least partially with water, and on the other hand on the side adjacent to the ship, at least one lower compartment, permanently filled with air , surmounted by a ballast compartment preferably at least partially filled with water; said ballast compartments communicating through at least one balancing orifice provided in said partition; said compartments defining a ballast assembly. The opening of the above-mentioned balancing orifice can be controlled by a valve.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la plate-forme précitée comprend deux ensembles de ballastage précités agencés symétriquement par rapport au plan vertical médian longitudinal du ponton et séparés par au moins un compartiment cloche ou marnant communiquant par au moins un orifice avec l'air extérieur. Cet orifice de communication, éventuellement muni d'une vanne, est calibré de façon que le niveau d'eau dans le compartiment marnant, suive le niveau de la marée selon une fonction prédéterminée du temps.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned platform comprises two aforementioned ballasting assemblies arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median vertical plane of the pontoon and separated by at least one bell or marnant compartment communicating through at least one orifice with the outside air. This communication orifice, possibly fitted with a valve, is calibrated so that the water level in the marnant compartment follows the tide level according to a predetermined function of time.

En raison du débit de passage d'air de cet orifice, la différence de niveau, créée pour le passage des surcharges roulantes ou mobiles, est maintenue au moins partiellement pendant la durée de ce passage.Due to the air flow rate of this orifice, the difference in level, created for the passage of rolling or mobile overloads, is maintained at least partially for the duration of this passage.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'extrémité précitée du ponton en appui simple sur le quai comprend au moins un organe d'appui constitué de deux chapes solidaires de ladite extrémité et venant coiffer par leur surface interne concave cylindrique un tourillon cylindrique solidaire d'un patin, à face cylindrique convexe, d'appui sur le quai. Chaque chape précitée peut être fermée par une patte de retenue amovible.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned end of the pontoon in simple support on the quay comprises at least one support member consisting of two yokes integral with said end and coming to cap by their cylindrical concave internal surface a cylindrical trunnion integral a pad, with a convex cylindrical face, bearing on the quay. Each aforementioned yoke can be closed by a removable retaining tab.

Pour éviter les inconvénients, relatifs notamment aux mouvements d'oscillation du ponton dûs à la houle et/ou aux charges roulantes, quand l'extrémité, côté quai, du navire repose sur le quai par l'intermédiaire d'un ou de deux organes d'appui en forme de rotules, selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention on prévoit un système de suspension de l'extrémité du ponton, côté quai, destiné à reprendre les mouvements d'oscillation dûs à la houle et/ou aux charges roulantes.To avoid the disadvantages, in particular relating to the oscillating movements of the pontoon due to the swell and / or the rolling loads, when the end, quay side, of the ship rests on the quay by means of one or two members bearing in the form of ball joints, according to another characteristic of the invention, provides a suspension system at the end of the pontoon, quay side, intended to resume the oscillating movements due to swell and / or rolling loads.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le système de suspension précité comprend un moyen formant câble en boucle passant par un système de poulies fixées aux extrémités inférieure et supérieure, respectivement, de deux moyens formant potences prévues, sur le quai, de part et d'autre, de l'extrémité précitée du ponton ; et passant au-dessous de ladite extrémité ; les extrémités dudit câble étant reliées aux extrémités de la poutre de rive transversale de ladite extrémité du ponton, ladite poutre jouant le rôle d'un palonnier.According to a first embodiment, the above-mentioned suspension system comprises a means forming a loop cable passing through a system of pulleys fixed at the lower and upper ends, respectively, of two means forming brackets provided, on the quay, on either side other, from the aforementioned end of the pontoon; and passing below said end; the ends of said cable being connected to the ends of the transverse edge beam of said end of the pontoon, said beam playing the role of a lifter.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les extrémités du câble précité sont reliées aux extrémités de la poutre de riveprécitée par des moyens formant manille ; chacune desdites extrémités étant reliée au collier de chaque manille ; tandis qu'un organe de liaison pivotant relie, d'une part, l'axe de ladite manille, et, d'autre part, un axe sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à la poutre de rive précitée traversant un moyen formant chape prévu.à chaque extrémité de ladite poutre de rive. Des ridoirs sont éventuellement prévus pour rider les câbles.According to another characteristic of the invention, the ends of the aforementioned cable are connected to the ends of the abovementioned edge beam by means forming a shackle; each of said ends being connected to the collar of each shackle; while a pivoting connecting member connects, on the one hand, the axis of said shackle, and, on the other hand, an axis substantially horizontal and parallel to the abovementioned edge beam passing through a means forming a yoke provided. end of said edge beam. Turnbuckles are possibly provided to wrinkle the cables.

Selon un second mode de réalisation, le système de suspension précité se compose d'un polygone déformable, constitué d'un certain nombre de barres, notamment métalliques, reliées entre elles et/ou à l'extrémité précitée du ponton.According to a second embodiment, the aforementioned suspension system consists of a deformable polygon, consisting of a number of bars, in particular of metal, connected together and / or at the aforementioned end of the pontoon.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le polygone précité comprend deux barres de suspension ou suspentes reliées, d'une part, aux extrémités de la poutre de rive transversale précitée de l'extrémité précitée du ponton et, d'autre part, à une extrémité des premiers moyens formant palonniers fixés au sommet de moyens formant potences placées, sur le quai, de part et d'autre de ladite extrémité du ponton, et pouvant osciller autour d'un axe sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du ponton; deux barres de suspension reliées, d'une part, à l'autre extrémité desdits moyens formant palonniers et, d'autre part, à une extrémité des seconds moyens formant palonniers prévus à l'extrémité inférieure desdites potences, et pouvant osciller autour d'un axe sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du ponton ; et une traverse d'équilibrage passant sous ladite extrémité du ponton et dont les deux extrémités sont articulées à l'autre extrémité desdits seconds moyens formant palonniers.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned polygon comprises two suspension bars or hangers connected, on the one hand, to the ends of the aforementioned transverse edge beam of the aforementioned end of the pontoon and, on the other hand, to one end of the first spreader means attached to the top means forming gallows placed, on the quay, on either side of said end of the pontoon, and able to oscillate about an axis substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon; two suspension bars connected, on the one hand, to the other end of said lifter means and, on the other hand, to one end of the second lifter means provided at the lower end of said brackets, and which can oscillate around a substantially horizontal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pontoon; and a balancing crosspiece passing under said end of the pontoon and the two ends of which are articulated at the other end of said second spreader means.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les extrémités supérieures des suspentes précitées, réalisées notamment sous forme d'une rotule, sont posées librement mobiles sur les extrémités des palonniers précités, réalisées notamment sous forme d'une fourche.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the upper ends of the aforementioned lines, produced in particular in the form of a ball joint, are placed freely movable on the ends of the aforementioned spreaders, produced in particular in the form of a fork.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les extrémités supérieures des suspentes précitées sont articulées aux premiers palonniers précités, notamment par un joint de cardan, dont le croisillon est monté rotatif dans des fourches à bride prévues à l'extrémité desdits palonniers et desdites suspentes, respectivement.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the upper ends of the aforementioned lines are articulated to the first aforementioned spreaders, in particular by a universal joint, the spider of which is rotatably mounted in flange forks provided at the end of said spreaders and said lines, respectively.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les extrémités inférieures des suspentes précitées sont articulées aux extrémités précitées de la poutre de rive précitée, notamment par un joint de cardan, dont le croisillon est monté rotatif dans des fourches à bride prévues aux extrémités inférieures desdites suspentes et aux extrémités de ladite poutre de rive, respectivement.According to another characteristic of the invention, the lower ends of the aforementioned lines are articulated at the aforementioned ends of the aforementioned edge beam, in particular by a universal joint, the crosspiece of which is rotatably mounted in flange forks provided at the lower ends of said lines and at the ends of said edge beam , respectively.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les seconds palonniers précités sont réalisés sous forme de plaques sensiblement triangulaires aux sommets desquelles sont prévus l'axe de rotation précité, ainsi que les axes d'articulation des barres précitées.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned second spreaders are produced in the form of substantially triangular plates at the vertices of which the aforementioned axis of rotation is provided, as well as the axes of articulation of the aforementioned bars.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'articulation des barres précitées aux premiers et seconds palonniers précités se fait grâce à des fourches à bride prévues aux extrémités desdites barres et dans lesquelles peuvent pivoter les axes d'articulation précités.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the articulation of the aforementioned bars to the first and second aforementioned lifting beams is effected by means of flange forks provided at the ends of said bars and in which the aforementioned articulation axes can pivot.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'extrémité précitée du ponton est équipée d'un certain nombre de défenses, tandis qu'une liaison secondaire est assurée entre lequai et l'extrémité précitée du ponton par l'intermédiaire de câbles, tirants, et éventuellement de tendeurs amortisseurs.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned end of the pontoon is equipped with a certain number of defenses, while a secondary connection is provided between the quay and the aforementioned end of the pontoon by means of cables, tie rods , and possibly shock absorbers.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la liaison routière entre l'extrémité précitée du ponton et le quai est assurée par un certain nombre de volets articulés à ladite extrémité et venant reposer sur le quai.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the road connection between the aforementioned end of the pontoon and the quay is provided by a number of flaps articulated at said end and coming to rest on the quay.

Selon d'autres caractéristques de l'invention, le ponton peut être équipé d'un système pare-chocs réparti le long de ses parois latérales, ainsi que d'un système d'amarrage comprenant un certain nombre de chaînes et d'aussières fixées d'une part au quai et d'autre partau ponton, notamment à la rampe et à la plate-forme le constituant.According to other features of the invention, the pontoon can be equipped with a bumper system distributed along its side walls, as well as a mooring system comprising a certain number of chains and hawsers fixed on the one hand to the quay and on the other hand to the pontoon, in particular to the ramp and the platform forms the constituent.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en se référant aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif d'un mode de réalisation actuellement préféré de l'invention et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un ponton portuaire flottant selon l'invention, lié d'une part à un quai et communiquant d'autre part avec un navire roulier.
  • La figure 2 est une vue de côté, à une échelle un peu plus grande, selon la flèche II, du ponton de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue de côté, à la même échelle que la figure 2, selon la flèche III, du ponton de la figure 1.
  • Les figures .4a et 4b sont, respectivement, des vues de face et de côté d'un organe d'appui dont est équipée l'extrémité côté quai du ponton selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 5a, 5b et 5c sont des vues schématiques du ponton selon l'invention où est représenté en plus de détail le système de ballastage de celui-ci.
  • La figure 6 est une vue du dessus du ponton portuaire flottant, selon l'invention, relié, d'une part à un quai, et, d'autre part, à un navire roulier.
  • La figure 7 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne VII-VII de la figure 8.
  • La figure 8 est une vue de dessus selonla flèche VIII de la figure 7.
  • La figure 9 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IX-IX de la figure 10.
  • La figure 10 est une vue de dessus selon la flèche X de la figure 9.
  • La figure 11 est une vue agrandie de la zone XI de la figure 7.
  • La figure 12 est une vue de face selon la flèche XII de la figure 13, d'un premier mode de réalisation de la liaison entre suspentes et palonniers.
  • La figure 13 est une vue de dessus selon la flèche XIII de la figure 12.
  • La figure 14 est une vue de face, selon la flèche XIV de la figure 15, d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de la liaison entre suspentes et palonniers.
  • La figure 15 est une vue de dessus selon la flèche XV de la figure 14.
  • La figure 16 est une agrandie de la zone XVI de la figure 9.
  • La figure 17 est une vue selon la flèche XVII de la figure 16.
  • La figure 18 est une vue selon la flèche XVIII de la figure 16.
  • La figure 19 est uns vue d'un tendeur amortisseur.
The invention will be better understood, and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of non-illustrative example. limiting of a currently preferred embodiment of the invention and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a floating port pontoon according to the invention, connected on the one hand to a quay and communicating on the other hand with a ro-ro ship.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view, on a slightly larger scale, along arrow II, of the pontoon of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view, on the same scale as FIG. 2, according to arrow III, of the pontoon of FIG. 1.
  • Figures .4a and 4b are, respectively, front and side views of a support member with which the dock side end of the pontoon according to the invention is fitted.
  • Figures 5a, 5b and 5c are schematic views of the pontoon according to the invention where is shown in addition detail the ballast system thereof.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the floating port pontoon, according to the invention, connected, on the one hand to a quay, and, on the other hand, to a ro-ro ship.
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view along line VII-VII of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 8 is a top view along arrow VIII of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view along the line IX-IX in FIG. 10.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view along the arrow X in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of the zone XI of FIG. 7.
  • Figure 12 is a front view along arrow XII of Figure 13, of a first embodiment of the connection between lines and pedals.
  • FIG. 13 is a top view according to arrow XIII in FIG. 12.
  • Figure 14 is a front view, along arrow XIV of Figure 15, of a second embodiment of the connection between lines and pedals.
  • FIG. 15 is a top view along arrow XV of FIG. 14.
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of area XVI of the figure 9.
  • FIG. 17 is a view along arrow XVII of FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 18 is a view along arrow XVIII of FIG. 16.
  • Figure 19 is a view of a shock absorber tensioner.

Meilleure manière de réaliser l'inventionBest way to realize the invention

Le ponton portuaire flottant 1 de chargement et de déchargement d'un navire 2, notamment un navire roulier, comprend un système de ballastage 3. Une extrémité 4 du ponton 1 est liée à un quai 5 et une autre extrémité 6, notamment opposée à la première extrémité 4, est adjacente au navire 2, de façon à réaliser une voie de liaison entre le quai 5 et la navire 2.The floating port pontoon 1 for loading and unloading a ship 2, in particular a ro-ro ship, comprises a ballasting system 3. One end 4 of the pontoon 1 is linked to a quay 5 and another end 6, in particular opposite to the first end 4, is adjacent to the ship 2, so as to create a connecting track between the quay 5 and the ship 2.

Selon l'invention, l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1, côté quai 5, est à liaison unilatérale avec celui-ci, par appui simple sur celui-ci. De plus, le système de ballastage 3 est conçu de façon que l'extrémité 4 du ponton, côté quai 5, exerce toujours une force de pression descendante sur celui-ci, indépendamment de la position relative des surcharges ou charges roulantes R sur le ponton 1, dans la limite des surcharges ou charges roulantes maximales admissibles correspondant au système de ballastage 3.According to the invention, the end 4 of the pontoon 1, on the quay side 5, is connected unilaterally with the latter, by simple pressing on it. In addition, the ballasting system 3 is designed so that the end 4 of the pontoon, quay side 5, always exerts a downward pressure force on it, regardless of the relative position of the overloads or rolling loads R on the pontoon 1, within the limit of the maximum admissible overloads or rolling loads corresponding to the ballasting system 3.

En se référant en particulier aux figures 1 à 3, le ponton 1 selon un mode de réalisation actuellement préféré de l'invention comprend une rampe 7 dont l'extrémité libre 4 repose en appui simple sur le quai 5, et une plate-forme flottante 8, notamment de forme généralement parallélépipèdique rectangulaire, solidaire de la rampe 7, adjacente au navire 2 et munie du système de ballastage 3. En particulier, le côté 9 de la plate-forme 8 est solidaire de la rampe 7 et opposé au côté 10 adjacent au navire 2.Referring in particular to FIGS. 1 to 3, the pontoon 1 according to a currently preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a ramp 7, the free end 4 of which rests in simple support on the quay 5, and a floating platform 8, particularly in shape generally rectangular parallelepiped, integral with the ramp 7, adjacent to the vessel 2 and provided with the ballasting system 3. In particular, the side 9 of the platform 8 is integral with the ramp 7 and opposite the side 10 adjacent to the vessel 2.

Comme on peut mieux le voir sur les figures 5a, 5b, la plate-forme 8 est divisée par une cloison verticale 11 sensiblement parallèle aux côtés 9, 10 de la plate-forme 8 solidaire de la rampe 7 et adjacente au navire 2, respectivement. La cloison verticale 11 est noamment située dans le plan vertical médian transversal de la plate-forme 8, c'est-à-dire le plan perpendiculaire au plan longitudinal vertical médian du ponton X,X' dont l'intersection avec le pont de la plate-forme 8 et de la rampe 7 définit la direction de la voie de liaison reliant, par l'intermédiaire du ponton 1, le quai 5 au navire 2. La cloison 11 peut s'étendre sur tout ou partie de la largeur ou éventuellement de la longueur de la plate-forme 8 (dans l'exemple représenté, comme on peut le voir notamment sur la figure 1, la surface supérieure de la plate-forme 8 est sensiblement carrée mais peut bien s0r présenter une autre forme, notamment rectangulaire). En se référant notammment aux figures 5a, 5b, la cloison 11 définit d'une part côté quai, au moins un compartiment de ballastage 12 rempli au moins partiellement d'eau, et d'autre part du côté adjacent au navire, au moins un compartiment inférieur 13, rempli d'air en permanence, surmonté par un compartiment de ballastage 14 au moins partiellement rempli d'eau. Les compartiments de ballastage 12, 14 au moins partiellement remplis d'eau communiquent par un orifice d'équilibrage 15 prévu dans la cloison 11. Les compartiments 12, 13, 14 définissent ce que l'on nommera ci-après un ensemble de ballastage. L'ouverture de l'orifice 15 d'équilibrage peut être commandée par une vanne 16.As can best be seen in Figures 5a, 5b, the platform 8 is divided by a vertical partition 11 substantially parallel to the sides 9, 10 of the platform 8 integral with the ramp 7 and adjacent to the ship 2, respectively . The vertical partition 11 is notably located in the transverse median vertical plane of the platform 8, that is to say the plane perpendicular to the median vertical longitudinal plane of the pontoon X, X ′ whose intersection with the deck of the platform 8 and the ramp 7 defines the direction of the connecting track connecting, via the pontoon 1, the quay 5 to the ship 2. The partition 11 may extend over all or part of the width or possibly of the length of the platform 8 (in the example shown, as can be seen in particular in Figure 1, the upper surface of the platform 8 is substantially square but may of course have another shape, in particular rectangular ). Referring in particular to FIGS. 5a, 5b, the partition 11 defines on the one hand quay side, at least one ballast compartment 12 at least partially filled with water, and on the other hand on the side adjacent to the ship, at least one lower compartment 13, permanently filled with air, surmounted by a ballast compartment 14 at least partially filled with water. The ballast compartments 12, 14 at least partially filled with water communicate through a balancing orifice 15 provided in the partition 11. The compartments 12, 13, 14 define what will be called hereinafter a ballast assembly. The opening of the orifice 15 of equili brage can be controlled by a valve 16.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, et en se référant en particulier à la figure 5b, la plate-forme 8 comprend deux ensembles de ballastage 3a, 3b, comportant chacun les compartiments 12, 13, 14 définis ci-dessus. Les ensembles de ballastage 3a, 3b sont agencés symétriquement par rapport au plan vertical médian longitudinal du ponton X, X' et sont séparés par au moins un compartiment cloche ou marnant 17 communiquant par au moins un orifice 18 avec l'air extérieur. Selon l'agencement de la cloison 11, on peut prévoir un ou deux compartiments cloche 17 précités. L'orifice de communication 18, éventuellement muni d'une vanne 19, est calibré de façon que le niveau d'eau dans le compartiment marnant suive le niveau de la marée.In the embodiment shown, and with particular reference to FIG. 5b, the platform 8 comprises two ballasting assemblies 3a, 3b, each comprising the compartments 12, 13, 14 defined above. The ballast assemblies 3a, 3b are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median vertical plane of the pontoon X, X 'and are separated by at least one bell or marnant compartment 17 communicating by at least one orifice 18 with the outside air. Depending on the arrangement of the partition 11, one or two aforementioned bell compartments 17 can be provided. The communication orifice 18, possibly fitted with a valve 19, is calibrated so that the water level in the marling compartment follows the level of the tide.

Le système de ballastage 3 décrit ci-dessus fonctionne de la façon suivante.The ballasting system 3 described above operates as follows.

Le ou les compartiments 13 remplis d'air en permanence sont générateurs d'une poussée hydrostatique constante en intensité et en point d'application exerçant une force de pression descendante sur l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 (c'est-à-dire dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur l'extrémité de la rampe 7) en appui simple sur le quai 5. Le volume du ou des compartiments remplis d'air en permanence est bien sûr adapté de façon que, en relation avec la position du centre de gravité du ponton, l'appui sur le quai demeure toujours positif malgré la présence des plus fortes charges nominales R prévues arrivant à l'extrémité côté navire du ponton.The compartment (s) 13 permanently filled with air generate a hydrostatic thrust constant in intensity and at the point of application exerting a downward pressure force on the end 4 of the pontoon 1 (that is to say in the embodiment illustrated on the end of the ramp 7) by simple support on the platform 5. The volume of the compartment (s) permanently filled with air is of course adapted so that, in relation to the position of the center of gravity of the pontoon, the support on the quay always remains positive despite the presence of the highest rated loads R expected arriving at the end on the ship side of the pontoon.

En outre, le ou les compartiments marnants 17 communiquent avec l'air extérieur par un orifice calibré 18 de façon que le niveau d'eau dans le ou les compartiments suive le niveau de la marée. Pour ce faire, le débit de passage d'air à travers l'orifice 18 doit correspondre à la période de la marée, c'est-à-dire environ 6 heures. Ainsi, quand la surcharge roulante R passe longitudinalement sur la plate-forme 8, celle-ci ne s'enfonce que relativement peu à cause du débit de passage d'air relativement faible à travers l'orifice 18. En outre, comme cela est illustré par la figure 5c, les compartiments latéraux 12 et 14 permettent d'assurer l'équilibre transversal au cas où la charge roulante est transversalement décalée par rapport au plan vertical longitudinal médian du ponton, (la ligne EE' représentant le niveau de la mer).In addition, the marly compartment or compartments 17 communicate with the outside air through a calibrated orifice 18 so that the water level in the compartment (s) follows the level of the tide. To do this, the air passage rate through the orifice 18 must correspond to the period of the tide, that is to say approximately 6 hours. Thus, when the rolling overload R passes longitudinally on the platform 8, the latter sinks only relatively little because of the relatively low air flow rate passing through the orifice 18. Furthermore, as is illustrated by FIG. 5c, the lateral compartments 12 and 14 make it possible to ensure transverse balance in the event that the rolling load is transversely offset with respect to the median longitudinal vertical plane of the pontoon, (the line EE 'representing the sea level ).

La figure 5a illustre de plus le comportement du ponton 1 selon le niveau de la marée. La ligne supérieure A,A' représente un niveau quelconque de la marée. Dans ce cas, les compartiments de ballastage 12, 14 sont remplis d'eau à un niveau correspondant sensiblement àcelui de la mer, l'orifice 15 prévu dans la cloison 11 séparant les deux compartiments 12, 14 facilitant l'égalisation des niveaux d'eau dans lesdits compartiments. Il est bien évident que cela est valable pour les deux systèmes de ballastage 3a, 3b comprenant chacun deux compartiments 12, 14 de ballastage. L'extrémité du pont de la plate-forme 8, adjacente au navire 2, est alors à un certain niveau ou seuil au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Lorsque le niveau de la marée varie(dans l'exemple illustré par la figure 5a, la ligne inférieure B B' représente un niveau de marée plus bas que la ligne A A'), le niveau d'eau dans les compartiments restant sensiblement au niveau actuel de la marée, le seuil défini ci-dessus reste constant ; et l'inclinaison du pont de la plate-forme et de la rampe par rapport à l'horizontale varie par pivotement du ponton autour du point fixe constitué par l'appui simple sur le quai de l'extrémité libre de la rampe.Figure 5a also illustrates the behavior of pontoon 1 according to the level of the tide. The upper line A, A 'represents any level of the tide. In this case, the ballast compartments 12, 14 are filled with water at a level corresponding substantially to that of the sea, the orifice 15 provided in the partition 11 separating the two compartments 12, 14 facilitating the equalization of the levels of water in said compartments. It is obvious that this is valid for the two ballasting systems 3a, 3b each comprising two compartments 12, 14 for ballasting. The end of the deck of platform 8, adjacent to ship 2, is then at a certain level or threshold above sea level. When the tide level varies (in the example illustrated by the figure 5a, the lower line BB 'represents a lower tide level than the line A A'), the water level in the compartments remaining substantially at the current level of the tide, the threshold defined above remains constant; and the inclination of the platform bridge and the ramp relative to the horizontal varies by pivoting the pontoon around the fixed point formed by simple support on the quay at the free end of the ramp.

La figure 5b illustre la variation du seuil défini ci-dessus selon le type de navire (c'est-à-dire selon la hauteur de la rampe du navire au-dessus du niveau d'eau et/ou selon la variation de la charge du navire au cours des opérations de chargement ou de déchargement de celui-ci) par ballastage des compartiments 12, 14. Au niveau de la mer représenté par la ligne C C', correspondun seuil bas, tandis qu'au niveau de la mer représenté par la ligne D D' correspond un seuil haut. De même, dans ce cas, l'inclinaison par rapport à l'horizontale du pont du ponton varie, selon le ballastage des compartiments, par pivotement autour du point fixe constitué par l'appui simple de l'extrémité libre de la rampe sur le quai.FIG. 5b illustrates the variation of the threshold defined above according to the type of ship (that is to say according to the height of the ramp of the ship above the water level and / or according to the variation of the load of the ship during the loading or unloading operations thereof) by ballasting of the compartments 12, 14. At sea level represented by line C C ', corresponds a low threshold, while at sea level represented by the line DD 'corresponds a high threshold. Similarly, in this case, the inclination relative to the horizontal of the pontoon bridge varies, depending on the ballasting of the compartments, by pivoting around the fixed point constituted by the simple pressing of the free end of the ramp on the dock.

A ce sujet, l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 (c'est-à-dire dans l'exemple représenté de la rampe 7) en appui simple sur le quai 5 comprend au moins un organe d'appui 20 constitué de deuxchapes 21 solidaires de l'extrémité 4, et venant coiffer par leur surface interne concave cylindrique 22 un tourillon 23 cylindrique solidaire d'un patin 24, à face 25 cylindrique convexe, d'appui sur le quai 5. Chaque chape 21 peut être fermée par une patte 26 de retenue amovible, notamment lors du déplacement du ponton d'un site à un autre.In this regard, the end 4 of the pontoon 1 (that is to say in the example shown of the ramp 7) in simple support on the platform 5 comprises at least one support member 20 consisting of two scaffolds 21 integral from the end 4, and coming to cap by their cylindrical concave internal surface 22 a cylindrical pin 23 secured to a pad 24, with a convex cylindrical face 25, bearing on the platform 5. Each cap 21 can be closed by a tab 26 removable retainer, especially when moving the pontoon from one site to another.

Dans le cas où on utilise une rampe 7 de liaison entre la plate-forme 8 et le quai 5 courte, un seul organe d'appui 20 est prévu sensiblement au milieu de l'extrémité 4 de la rampe 7. En effet, dans ce cas, la rampe 7 ne subit que des contraintes de torsion négligeables dues à la réaction d'appui sur le quai.In the case where a ramp 7 is used for connection between the platform 8 and the short platform 5, a single support member 20 is provided substantially in the middle of the end 4 of the ramp 7. In fact, in this case, the ramp 7 is only subjected to torsional stresses negligible due to the support reaction on the platform.

Quand on est obligé d'utiliser une rampe longue, par exemple du fait d'un marnage important et/ou d'un hauteur de quai importante, et/ou d'une nécessaire limitation de la pente de roulement, deux organes d'appui 20 transversalement espacés peuvent alors être prévus sans que les contraintes de torsion dans la rampe ne deviennent excessives.When it is necessary to use a long ramp, for example due to a large tidal range and / or a significant platform height, and / or a necessary limitation of the rolling slope, two support members 20 transversely spaced can then be provided without the torsional stresses in the ramp becoming excessive.

Le ponton selon l'invention est en outre équipé d'un système pare-chocs 27 réparti le long de ses parois latérales, en particulier sur les côtés de la plate-forme 8. Il est également équipé d'un système d'amarrage 28 comprenant un certain nombre de chaînes 29 et d'aussières 30 fixées d'une part au quai 5, et d'autre part au ponton, notamment à la rampe 7 et à la plate-forme 8, par des bittes d'amarrage 31.The pontoon according to the invention is also equipped with a bumper system 27 distributed along its side walls, in particular on the sides of the platform 8. It is also equipped with a mooring system 28 comprising a certain number of chains 29 and hawsers 30 fixed on the one hand to the quay 5, and on the other hand to the pontoon, in particular to the ramp 7 and to the platform 8, by mooring bittes 31.

En outre, le niveau d'eau dans chaque compartiment de ballastage est commandé grâce à deux paires de pompes, ayant un débit par exemple d'environ 450 m3 /h par paire. Ces pompes sont disposées dans des logements 32 prévus de chaque côté de la plate-forme 8, chaque paire de pompes étant couplée à un des systèmes de ballastage 3a, 3b définis ci-dessus. En outre, le système est adapté pour fonctionner avec seulement une des deux pompes de chaque paire.In addition, the water level in each ballast compartment is controlled by two pairs of pumps, having a flow rate for example of around 450 m3 / h per pair. These pumps are arranged in housings 32 provided on each side of the platform 8, each pair of pumps being coupled to one of the ballasting systems 3a, 3b defined above. In addition, the system is adapted to operate with only one of the two pumps in each pair.

Le système de commande électrique du ponton peut être notamment prévu dans la cabine 33.The electrical control system for the pontoon can in particular be provided in cabin 33.

La liaison entre la plate-forme 8 et le navire 2 est assurée par la rampe propre 36 du navire qui vient reposer simplement sur la plate-forme 8. La voie de liaison 34 définie par la plate-forme et la rampe est limitée par des glissières guide-roue de sécurité 35, un passage d'accès 37 pour les piétons étant prévu sur la rampe. En outre, la plate - forme 8 est suffisamment large transversalement pour supprimer tout réglage de positionnement relatif au navire 2.The connection between the platform 8 and the ship 2 is ensured by the ship's own ramp 36 which simply rests on the platform 8. The connection track 34 defined by the platform and the ramp is limited by safety wheel guide slides 35, an access passage 37 for pedestrians being provided on the ramp. In addition, the platform 8 is wide enough transversely to eliminate any positioning adjustment relating to the vessel 2.

En se référant maintenant à la figure 6, le ponton 1 est muni d'un système de suspension 100 de l'extrémité 4 de celui-ci, côté quai, destiné à reprendre les mouvements d'oscillation dûs à la houle et/ou charges roulantes.Referring now to FIG. 6, the pontoon 1 is provided with a suspension system 100 at the end 4 thereof, on the quay side, intended to resume the oscillating movements due to swell and / or loads rolling.

En se référant en particulier aux figures 7 et 8, le système de suspension 100 comprend un moyen formant câble en boucle 101 passant par un système de poulies 102, 103, fixées de façon pivotante aux extrémités inférieure et supérieure, respectivement, de deux moyens formant potences 104, 105 prévus, sur le quai 5, de part et d'autre de l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 ; le câble 101 passant au-dessous de l'extrémité 4. Les extrémités 106., 107 du câble 101 sont reliées aux extrémités 108, 109 de la poutre de rive transversale 110 de l'extrémité 4 du ponton, laquelle poutre 110 joue le rôle d'un palonnier.With particular reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the suspension system 100 comprises a loop cable means 101 passing through a system of pulleys 102, 103, pivotally fixed to the lower and upper ends, respectively, of two means forming brackets 104, 105 provided, on the quay 5, on either side of the end 4 of the pontoon 1; the cable 101 passing below the end 4. The ends 106., 107 of the cable 101 are connected to the ends 108, 109 of the transverse edge beam 110 of the end 4 of the pontoon, which beam 110 plays the role a lifting beam.

Ce système revient à créer un appui fictif central au pabnnier, dont le mouvement d'oscillation possible, de l'ordre de quelques degrés., notamment entre 5 et 10°, par rapport à l'horizontale, est repris par le système de suspension, le moment inclinant dû aux surcharges étant équilibré par la stabilité de forme du flotteur. Le système de suspension permet en outre le déplacement horizontal longitudinal tout en gardant la capacité de tenir les efforts verticaux dûs aux réactions d'appui de la rampe et des surcharges. Ce système convient particulièrement pour des passerelles légères.This system amounts to creating a fictitious central support for the bookcase, whose possible oscillation movement, of the order of a few degrees., In particular between 5 and 10 °, relative to the horizontal, is taken up by the suspension system , the tilting moment due to overloads being balanced by the shape stability of the float. The suspension system also allows the horizontal horizontal movement while retaining the ability to withstand the vertical forces due to the support reactions of the ramp and overloads. This system is particularly suitable for light walkways.

En se référant en particulier à la figure 11, qui est une vue agrandie de la zone XI de la figure 7, et qui est identique à la zone correspondante à l'autre extrémité de la poutre de rive 110 , les extrémités 106, 107 du câble 101 sont reliées aux extrémités 108, 109 de la poutre de rive 110 par des moyens 111 formant manille. Chacune desdites extrémités 106, 107 est reliée, par exemple en étant enroulée en boucle, au collier 112 de chaque manille 111, tandis qu'un organe de liaison 113 pivotant relie, d'une part, l'axe 114 de la manille 111 et,d'autre part, un axe 115 sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à la poutre de rive 110 et traversant un moyen formant chape 116 prévu à chaque extrémité de la poutre de rive 110. L'axe 114, passant à travers les brides 114c de la manille 111 est muni d'organes de blocage 114a, 114b ; de même l'axe 115 traversant les deux branches de la chape 116 est muni d'organes de blocage, en position, 115a et 115b.With particular reference to FIG. 11, which is an enlarged view of the zone XI of FIG. 7, and which is identical to the zone corresponding to the other end of the edge beam 110, the ends 106, 107 of the cable 101 are connected to the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110 by means 111 forming a shackle. Each of said ends 106, 107 is connected, for example by being wound in a loop, to the collar 112 of each shackle 111, while a pivoting connecting member 113 connects, on the one hand, the axis 114 of the shackle 111 and , on the other hand, an axis 115 substantially horizontal and parallel to the edge beam 110 and passing through a screed means 116 provided at each end of the edge beam 110. The axis 114, passing through the flanges 114c of the shackle 111 is provided with locking members 114a, 114b; similarly the axis 115 crossing the two branches of the yoke 116 is provided with locking members, in position, 115a and 115b.

Si nécessaire, on peut équiper le câble 101, notamment les portions de celui-ci comprises entre les poulies supérieures 102 et les manilles 111 de ridoirs 147.If necessary, the cable 101 can be fitted, in particular the portions thereof between the upper pulleys 102 and the shackles 111 with turnbuckles 147.

En se référant aux figures 9, 10, et 12 à 15, on décrira ci-après un second mode de réalisation du système de suspension 100 se composant d'un polygone déformable 117, constitué d'un certain nombre de barres, notamment métalliques, reliées entre elles et/ou à l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1.Referring to FIGS. 9, 10, and 12 to 15, a second embodiment of the suspension system 100 will be described below, consisting of a deformable polygon 117, consisting of a number of bars, in particular of metal, connected together and / or at the end 4 of pontoon 1.

En se référant en particulier aux figures 9 et 10, le polygone 117 comprend deux barres de suspension ou suspentes 118, 119, qui peuvent notamment constituer des biellettes, reliées, d'une part aux extrémités 108, 109 de la poutre de rive transversale 110 de l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 et, d'autre part, à une extrémité 120a, 121a, tournée vers le ponton, de premiers moyens formant palonniers 120, 121 fixés au sommet de moyens formant potences 122, 123 placées, sur le quai 5, de part et d'autre de l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1, et pouvant osciller autour d'un axe 124, 125 sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à l'axe longitudinal X-X' du ponton 1. Le polygone 117 comprend également deux barres de suspension 126, 127, formant biellettes, reliées, notamment articulées, d'une part, à l'autre extrémité 120b, 121b (c'est-à-dire l'extrémité tournée vers l'extérieur du ponton) des premiers moyens formant palonniers 120, 121 et, d'autre part, à une extrémité 128a, 129a de seconds moyens formant palonniers 128, 129 prévus à l'extrémité inférieure des potences 122, 123, et pouvant osciller autour d'un axe 130, 131 sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à l'axe longitudinal X-X' du ponton 1. Le polygone 117 comprend en outre une traverse d'équilibrage 132, formant biellette passant sous l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1; et dont les deux extrémités 132a, 132b sont reliées, notamment articulées, à l'autre extrémité 128b, 129b des seconds moyens formant palonniers 128, 129.With particular reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, the polygon 117 comprises two suspension bars or hangers 118, 119, which may in particular constitute rods, connected, on the one hand to the ends 108, 109 of the transverse edge beam 110 from the end 4 of the pontoon 1 and, on the other hand, to an end mite 120a, 121a, facing the pontoon, first means forming pedals 120, 121 fixed to the top of means forming gallows 122, 123 placed, on the quay 5, on either side of the end 4 of pontoon 1, and able to oscillate around an axis 124, 125 substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis XX 'of the pontoon 1. The polygon 117 also comprises two suspension bars 126, 127, forming rods, connected, in particular articulated, of a part, at the other end 120b, 121b (that is to say the end turned towards the outside of the pontoon) of the first spreader means 120, 121 and, on the other hand, at one end 128a, 129a second means forming spreaders 128, 129 provided at the lower end of the brackets 122, 123, and able to oscillate about an axis 130, 131 substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis XX 'of the pontoon 1. The polygon 117 comprises in addition a balancing cross member 132, forming a rod passing under the end 4 of the pontoon 1; and the two ends 132a, 132b of which are connected, in particular articulated, to the other end 128b, 129b of the second means forming spreaders 128, 129.

Ce second mode de réalisation du système de suspension permet des mouvements plus importants, notamment des mouvements d'oscillation de l'extrémité 4 symbolisés en traits mixtes sur la figure 4, de l'ordre de quelques degrés. Ce second mode de réalisation permet également la reprise d'efforts plus importants dans les barres, et le système dans son ensemble a une durée de vie plus importante que celle du premier mode de réatisation comprenant notamment un câble soumis à une usure rapide.This second embodiment of the suspension system allows greater movements, in particular oscillating movements of the end 4 symbolized in phantom in Figure 4, of the order of a few degrees. This second embodiment also allows greater forces to be taken up in the bars, and the system as a whole has a longer lifespan than that of the first embodiment, notably comprising a cable subjected to rapid wear.

Ce second mode de réalisation est particulièrement bien adapté pour des passerelles destinées aux convois lourds.This second embodiment is particularly well suited for gangways intended for heavy convoys.

En se référant aux figures 12 et 13, on décrira ci-après un premier mode de réalisation de la liaison entre les extrémités supérieures des suspentes 118, 119 et les extrémités 120a, 121a des premiers moyens formant palonniers 120, 121. Selon ce premier mode de réalisation, les extrémités supérieures des suspentes 118, 119, réalisées notamment sous forme d'une rotule 133, sont posées librement mobiles sur les extrémités 120a, 121a des palonniers 120, 121, réalisées notamment sous forme d'une fourche 134, dont les bords supérieurs des branches sont pourvus d'évidements en regard 134a, 134b facilitant la rotation de la rotule 133. Il est à noter que les figures 7 et 8 représentent en détail le mode de liaison entre le palonnier 120 et la suspente 118 ; cependant, il est bien évident que le mode de liaison, illustré par ces figures, est identique au mode de liaison prévu entre le palonnier 121 et la suspente 119.Referring to Figures 12 and 13, there will be described below a first embodiment of the connection between the upper ends of the lines 118, 119 and the ends 120a, 121a of the first spreader means 120, 121. According to this first mode embodiment, the upper ends of the lines 118, 119, produced in particular in the form of a ball joint 133, are placed freely movable on the ends 120a, 121a of the lifting beams 120, 121, produced in particular in the form of a fork 134, the upper edges of the branches are provided with facing recesses 134a, 134b facilitating the rotation of the ball joint 133. It should be noted that FIGS. 7 and 8 show in detail the mode of connection between the lifter 120 and the hanger 118; however, it is obvious that the connection mode, illustrated by these figures, is identical to the connection mode provided between the lifter 121 and the line 119.

En se référant maintenant aux figures 14 et 15, on décrira ci-après un second mode de liaison entre les extrémités supérieures des suspentes 118, 119 et les palonniers 120, 121. Dans ce cas, les extrémités supérieures des suspentes 118, 119 sont articulées aux palonniers 120, 121, notamment par un joint de cardan 135, dont le croisillon 136, formé en particulier de deux axes perpendiculaires 136a, 136b, est monté rotatif dans des fourches à bride 137, 138 prévues à l'extrémité des palonniers et des suspentes, respectivement. Il est à noter que les figures 14 et 15 illustrent le mode de liaison pour la suspente 118 et le palonnier 120 ; mais il est bien évident que ce mode de liaison est identique pour la suspente 119 et lepalonnier 121 correspondants.Referring now to FIGS. 14 and 15, a second mode of connection will be described below between the upper ends of the lines 118, 119 and the lifting beams 120, 121. In this case, the upper ends of the lines 118, 119 are articulated to the lifting beams 120, 121, in particular by a universal joint 135, the crosspiece 136, formed in particular of two perpendicular axes 136a, 136b, is rotatably mounted in flanged forks 137, 138 provided at the end of the lifting beams and lines, respectively. It should be noted that FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the connection mode for the hanger 118 and the lifter 120; but it is obvious that this mode of connection is identical for the line 119 and the lifter 121 correspondents.

En se référant maintenant plus particulièrement aux figures 16, 17 et 18, on décrira ci-après l'articulation entre les extrémités inférieures des suspentes 118, 119 et les extrémités 108, 109 de la poutre de rive 110.Referring now more particularly to FIGS. 16, 17 and 18, the articulation between the lower ends of the lines 118, 119 and the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110 will be described below.

Dans les figures 16, 17 et 18, on a représenté le mode de liaison entre l'extrémité inférieure de la suspente 118 et l'extrémité 108 de la poutre de rive 110 ; mais il est bien évident que le mode de liaison est identique pour la suspente 119 et l'extrémité 109 de la poutre de rive 110. Les extrémités inférieures des suspentes 118, 119 sont articulées aux extrémités 108, 109 de la poutre de rive 110, notamment par un joint de cardan 139 dont le croisillon 140, formé en particulier de deux axes perpendiculaires 140a, 140b, est monté rotatif dans des fourches à bride 141, 142 prévues aux extrémités inférieures des suspentes 118, 119 et aux extrémités 108, 109 de la poutre de rive 110, respectivement. Ce système d'articulation permet une rotation des suspentes d'un angle compris entre environ 10 et 15°, comme cela est représenté en traits mixtes sur les figures 16 et 17.In Figures 16, 17 and 18, there is shown the connection mode between the lower end of the hanger 118 and the end 108 of the edge beam 110; but it is obvious that the connection mode is identical for the line 119 and the end 109 of the edge beam 110. The lower ends of the lines 118, 119 are articulated at the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110, in particular by a universal joint 139 whose cross 140, formed in particular of two perpendicular axes 140a, 140b, is rotatably mounted in flange forks 141, 142 provided at the lower ends of the lines 118, 119 and at the ends 108, 109 of the edge beam 110, respectively. This articulation system allows the lines to be rotated by an angle of between approximately 10 and 15 °, as shown in phantom in Figures 16 and 17.

En se référant en particulier à la figure 9, les seconds palonniers 128, 129 sont réalisés sous forme de plaques sensiblement triangulaires aux sommets desquelles sont prévus l'axe de rotation 130, 131, ainsi que les axes d'articulation 128a, 128b ; 129a, 129b des barres 126, 127; 132. L'articulation des barres 126, 127 ; 132 aux premiers et seconds palonniers 120, 121; 128, 129 se fait notamment grâce à des fourches à bride prévues aux extrémités desdites barres et dans lesquelles peuvent pivoter les axes d'articulation 130, 131.Referring in particular to FIG. 9, the second spreaders 128, 129 are produced in the form of substantially triangular plates at the vertices of which the axis of rotation 130, 131 is provided, as well as the axes of articulation 128a, 128b; 129a, 129b of bars 126, 127; 132. The articulation of bars 126, 127; 132 to the first and second spreaders 120, 121; 128, 129 is done in particular by means of flange forks provided at the ends of said bars and in which the pivot pins can pivot lation 130, 131.

En se référant en particulier aux figures 8 et 10, l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 est équipée d'un certain nombre de défenses 143, dont la forme et le nombre varient selon les nécessités pratiques de mise en place du ponton.With particular reference to FIGS. 8 and 10, the end 4 of the pontoon 1 is equipped with a certain number of defenses 143, the shape and number of which vary according to the practical requirements for setting up the pontoon.

En outre, une liaison secondaire est assurée entre le quai 5 et l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 par l'intermédiaire de câbles, chaînes ou tirants 144, tirants qui peuvent être notamment articulés en 148 au cuvelage 149 du quai 5. Cette liaison secondaire peut également comprendre des tendeurs amortisseurs 145 comportant en particulier un corps en élastomère 145a, et qui est relié, d'une part, aux tirants 144 reliés au quai 5 et, d'autre part,aux câbles 150 ou analogues reliés au ponton 1.In addition, a secondary connection is provided between the quay 5 and the end 4 of the pontoon 1 by means of cables, chains or tie rods 144, tie rods which can in particular be articulated at 148 to the casing 149 of the quay 5. This secondary link may also include shock absorbers 145 comprising in particular an elastomer body 145a, and which is connected, on the one hand, to the tie rods 144 connected to the quay 5 and, on the other hand, to the cables 150 or the like connected to the pontoon 1.

La liaison routière entre l'extrémité 4 du ponton 1 et le quai 5 est assurée par un certain nombre de volets 146 articulés à l'extrémité 4 et venant reposer sur le quai 5.The road connection between the end 4 of the pontoon 1 and the quay 5 is ensured by a number of flaps 146 articulated at the end 4 and coming to rest on the quay 5.

Il est à noter que les potences 122, 123; 104, 105 peuvent être agencées sur une marche 151 prévue dans le quai 5 au-dessous du niveau du quai proprement dit.It should be noted that the gallows 122, 123; 104, 105 can be arranged on a step 151 provided in platform 5 below the level of the platform itself.

Enfin, le ponton 1 selon l'invention est facilement transférable d'un site d'utilisation à un autre sans équipement auxiliaire spécial et par mise en oeuvre d'un minimum d'opérations. En effet,par déballastage des compartiments 12, 14 le ponton est soulevé du quai 5 de façon à avoir une assiette et un tirant d'eau acceptables. Pour ce faire, on ferme la vanne reliant les compartiments de ballastage et on remplit ceux-ci d'eau de façon à avoir un bon équilibre du ponton avec un tirant d'eau requis. Une fois le ponton mis en position de transport haute, il peut être déplacé par exemple par un remorqueur venant à couple ou par auto-propulsion.Finally, the pontoon 1 according to the invention is easily transferable from one site of use to another without special auxiliary equipment and by implementing a minimum of operations. Indeed, by deballasting the compartments 12, 14, the pontoon is lifted from the quay 5 so as to have an acceptable trim and draft. To do this, close the valve connecting the ballast compartments and fill these in order to have a good balance of the pontoon with a required draft. Once the pontoon is placed in the high transport position, it can be moved, for example, by a tug coming with torque or by self-propulsion.

Claims (24)

1. Ponton portuaire flottant de chargement et de déchargement d'un navire, notamment roulier, comprenant un système de ballastage, une extrémité dudit ponton étant liée à un quai et une autre extrémité étant adjacente audit navire, de façcn à réaliser une voie de liaison entre le quai et le navire, caractérisé en ce que ladite extrémité (4) du ponton (1), côté quai (5), est à liaison unilatérale avec celui-ci, par appui simple sur celui-ci, et en ce que ledit système de ballastage (3) est conçu de façon que ladite extrémité (4) du ponton (1) côté quai (5), exerce toujours une force de pression descendante sur celui-ci, indépendamment de la position relative des surcharges ou charges roulantes R sur le ponton (1), dans la limite des surcharges ou charges roulantes maximales admissibles correspondant audit système de ballastage (3).1. Floating port pontoon for loading and unloading of a ship, in particular ro-ro, comprising a ballasting system, one end of said pontoon being linked to a quay and another end being adjacent to said ship, so as to provide a connecting track between the quay and the ship, characterized in that said end (4) of the pontoon (1), quay side (5), is unilaterally connected to it, by simple pressing on it, and in that said ballasting system (3) is designed so that said end (4) of the pontoon (1) quay side (5) always exerts a downward pressure force on it, regardless of the relative position of the overloads or rolling loads R on the pontoon (1), within the limit of the maximum allowable overloads or rolling loads corresponding to the said ballasting system (3). 2. Ponton selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une rampe (7) dont l'extrémité libre (4) repose en appui simple sur le quai (5), et une plate-forme flottante (8), notamment de forme généralement parallélépipèdique rectangulaire, solidaire de ladite rampe (7), adjacente au navire (2) précité et munie du système de ballastage (3) précité ; le côté (9) de ladite plate-forme (8) solidaire de ladite rampe (7) étant en particulier opposé au côté (10) adjacent au navire (2).2. Pontoon according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a ramp (7) whose free end (4) rests in simple support on the quay (5), and a floating platform (8), in particular of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, integral with said ramp (7), adjacent to the aforementioned ship (2) and provided with the aforementioned ballasting system (3); the side (9) of said platform (8) integral with said ramp (7) being in particular opposite to the side (10) adjacent to the ship (2). 3. Ponton selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la plate-forme (8) précitée est divisée par une cloison verticale (11), sensiblement parallèle aux côtés (9, 10) précités de la plate-forme (8) solidaire de la rampe (7) précitée et adjacent au navire (2) précité, respectivement, et située notamment dans le plan vertical médian transversal de la plate-forme, ladite cloison (11) définissant, d'une part côté quai, au moins un compartiment de ballastage (12) de préférence rempli au moins partiellement d'eau, et d'autre part du côté adjacent au navire au moins un compartiment inférieur (13), rempli d'air en permanence, surmonté par un compartiment de ballastage (14) de préférence au moins partiellement rempli d'eau ; lesdits compartiments de ballastage (12, 14) communiquant de préférence par au moins un orifice d'équilibrage (15) prévu dans ladite cloison (11), lesdits compartiments (12, 13, 14) définissant un ensemble de ballastage.3. Pontoon according to claim 2, characterized in that the aforementioned platform (8) is divided by a vertical partition (11), substantially parallel to the aforementioned sides (9, 10) of the platform (8) integral with the aforementioned ramp (7) and adjacent to the ship (2) mentioned above, respectively, and located in particular in the transverse median vertical plane of the platform, said partition (11) defining, on the quay side, at least one ballast compartment (12) preferably at least partially filled with water, and on the other hand on the side adjacent to the ship at least one lower compartment (13), permanently filled with air, surmounted by a ballast compartment (14) preferably at least partially filled with water; said ballast compartments (12, 14) preferably communicating through at least one balancing orifice (15) provided in said partition (11), said compartments (12, 13, 14) defining a ballast assembly. 4. Ponton selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de l'orifice (15) d'équilibrage précité est commandée par une vanne (16).4. Pontoon according to claim 3, characterized in that the opening of the aforementioned balancing orifice (15) is controlled by a valve (16). 5. Ponton selon la revendication 3 ou 4,caractérisé en ce que la plate-forme (8) précitée comprend deux ensembles de ballastage (3a, 3b) précités agencés symétriquement par rapport au plan vertical médian longitudinal (XX') du ponton et séparés par au moins un compartiment cloche ou marnant (17) communiquant par au moins un orifice (18) avec l'air extérieur.5. Pontoon according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the aforementioned platform (8) comprises two aforementioned ballasting assemblies (3a, 3b) arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median vertical plane (XX ') of the pontoon and separated by at least one bell or marnant compartment (17) communicating by at least one orifice (18) with the outside air. 6. Ponton selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice de communication (18) précité, éventuellement muni d'une vanne (19), est calibré de façon que le niveau d'eau dans le compartiment marnât (17) suive le niveau de la marée selon une fonction prédéterminée du temps.6. Pontoon according to claim 5, characterized in that the abovementioned communication orifice (18), optionally provided with a valve (19), is calibrated so that the water level in the marnât compartment (17) follows the level of the tide according to a predetermined function of time. 7. Ponton selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1) en appui simple sur le quai (5) comprend au moins un organe d'appui (20) constitué de deux chapes (21) solidaires de ladite extrémité (4) et venant coiffer par leur surface interne concave cylindrique (22) un tourillon (23) cylindrique solidaire d'un patin (24), à face (25) cylindrique convexe, d'appui sur le quai.7. Pontoon according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the aforementioned end (4) of pontoon (1) in simple support on the quay (5) comprises at least one support member (20) consisting of two yokes (21) integral with said end (4) and coming to cap by their concave cylindrical internal surface (22) a cylindrical journal (23) integral with a shoe (24), with a convex cylindrical face (25), bearing on the platform. 8. Ponton selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que chaque chape (21) précitée peut être fermée une patte (26) de retenue amovible.8. Pontoon according to claim 7, characterized in that each clevis (21) mentioned above can be closed a tab (26) removable retainer. 9. Ponton selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par un système de suspension (100) de l'extrémité (4) du ponton (1), côté quai (5), destiné à reprendre les mouvements d'oscillation dûs à la houle et/ou aux charges roulantes.9. Pontoon according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a suspension system (100) of the end (4) of the pontoon (1), dock side (5), intended to resume the oscillation movements due swell and / or rolling loads. 10. Ponton selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le système de suspension (100) précité comprend un moyen formant câble en boucle (101) passant par un système de poulies (102, 103) fixées aux extrémités inférieure et supérieure, respectivement, de deux moyens formant potences (104, 105) prévues, sur le quai (5), de part et d'autre de l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1) ; et passant au-dessous de ladite extrémité (4) ; les extrémités (106, 107) dudit câble (101) étant reliées aux extrémités (108, 109) de la poutre de rive transversale (110) de ladite extrémité (4) du ponton (1), ladite poutre (110) jouant le rôle d'un palonnier.10. Pontoon according to claim 9, characterized in that the aforesaid suspension system (100) comprises a loop-forming cable means (101) passing through a system of pulleys (102, 103) fixed to the lower and upper ends, respectively, two means forming brackets (104, 105) provided on the platform (5), on either side of the end (4) above of the pontoon (1); and passing below said end (4); the ends (106, 107) of said cable (101) being connected to the ends (108, 109) of the transverse edge beam (110) of said end (4) of the pontoon (1), said beam (110) playing the role a lifting beam. 11. Ponton selon la revendication'10, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités (106, 107) du câble (101) précité sont reliées aux extrémités (108, 109) de la poutre de rive (110) précitée par des moyens (111) formant manille ; chacune desdites extrémités (106, 107) étant reliée au collier (112) de chaque manille (111), tandis qu'un organe de liaison (113) pivotant relie, d'une part, l'axe (114) de ladite manille (111) et, d'autre part, un axe (115) sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à la poutre de rive (110) précitée traversant un moyen format chape (116) prévu à chaque extrémité de ladite poutre de rive (110).11. Pontoon according to claim'10, characterized in that the ends (106, 107) of the above-mentioned cable (101) are connected to the ends (108, 109) of the above-mentioned edge beam (110) by means (111) forming a shackle; each of said ends (106, 107) being connected to the collar (112) of each shackle (111), while a pivoting connecting member (113) connects, on the one hand, the axis (114) of said shackle ( 111) and, on the other hand, an axis (115) substantially horizontal and parallel to the aforementioned edge beam (110) passing through a screed format means (116) provided at each end of said edge beam (110). 12. Ponton selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que des ridoirs (147) sont prévus pour rider le câble (101) précité.12. Pontoon according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that turnbuckles (147) are provided for wrinkling the cable (101) above. 13. Ponton selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le système de suspension (100) précité se compose d'un polygone déformable (117) constitué d'un certain nombre de barres, notamment métalliques, reliées entre elles et/ou à l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1).13. Pontoon according to claim 9, characterized in that the aforementioned suspension system (100) consists of a deformable polygon (117) consisting of a number of bars, in particular metallic, connected together and / or to the end (4) above of the pontoon (1). 14. Ponton selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le polygone (117) précité comprend deux barres de suspension ou suspentes (118, 119) reliées, d'une part, aux extrémités (108, 109) de la poutre de rive transversàle (110) précitée de l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1) et, d'autre part, à une extrémité (120a, 121a) de premiers moyens formant palonniers (120, 121) fixés au sommet de moyens formant potences (122, 123) placées sur le quai (5), de part et d'autre de ladite extrémité (4) du ponton (1) et pouvant osciller autour d'un axe (124, 125) sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à l'axe longitudinal (X-X') du ponton (1) ; deux barres de suspension (126, 127) reliées, d'une part, à l'autre extrémité (120b, 121b) desdits premiers moyens formant palonniers (120, 121) et, d'autre part, à uneextrémité (128a, 129a) de seconds moyens formant palonniers (128, 129) prévus à l'extrémité inférieure desdites potences (122, 123) et pouvant osciller autour d'un axe (130, 131) sensiblement horizontal et parallèle à l'axe longitudinal (X-X') du ponton (1) ; et une traverse d'équilibrage (132) passant sous ladite extrémité (4) du ponton (1) et dont les deux extrémités (132a, 132b) sont reliées, notamment articulées, à l'autre extrémité (128b, 129b) desdits secondes moyens formant palonniers (128, 129).14. Pontoon according to claim 13, characterized in that the aforementioned polygon (117) comprises two suspension bars or hangers (118, 119) connected, on the one hand, to the ends (108, 109) of the transverse edge beam (110) mentioned above of the above mentioned end (4) of the pontoon (1) and, on the other hand, at one end (120a, 121a) of first spreader means (120, 121) fixed to the top of stem forming means ( 122, 123) placed on the quay (5), on either side of said end (4) of the pontoon (1) and able to oscillate around an axis (124, 125) substantially horizontal and parallel to the axis longitudinal (X-X ') of the pontoon (1); two suspension bars (126, 127) connected, on the one hand, to the other end (120b, 121b) of said first spreader means (120, 121) and, on the other hand, to one end (128a, 129a) seconds means forming spreaders (128, 129) provided at the lower end of said brackets (122, 123) and able to oscillate about an axis (130, 131) substantially horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal axis (X-X ') of the pontoon (1); and a balancing crosspiece (132) passing under said end (4) of the pontoon (1) and the two ends of which (132a, 132b) are connected, in particular articulated, to the other end (128b, 129b) of said second means forming spreaders (128, 129). 15. Ponton selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en cecpe les extrémités supérieures des suspentes (118, 119) précitées, réalisées notamment sous forme d'une rotule (133), sont posées librement mobiles sur les extrémités (120a, 121a) des palonniers (120, 121) précités, réalisées notamment sous forme d'une fourche (134).15. Pontoon according to claim 14, characterized in cecpe the upper ends of the lines (118, 119) mentioned above, produced in particular in the form of a ball joint (133), are placed freely movable on the ends (120a, 121a) of the spreaders ( 120, 121) mentioned above, produced in particular in the form of a fork (134). 16. Ponton selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités supérieures des suspentes (118, 119) précitées sont articulées aux palonniers (120, 121) précités, notamment par un joint de cardan (135) dont le croisillon (136) est monté rotatif dans des fourches à bride (137, 138) prévues à l'extrémité desdits palonniers et desdtes suspentes, respectivement.16. Pontoon according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper ends of the aforesaid lines (118, 119) are articulated to the aforementioned spreaders (120, 121), in particular by a universal joint (135) whose spider (136) is rotatably mounted in flanged forks (137, 138) provided at the end of said spreaders and suspension lines, respectively. 17. Ponton selon l'une des revendications 14 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités inférieures des suspentes (118, 119) précitées sont articulées aux extrémités (108, 109) précitées de la poutre de rive (110) précitée, notamment par un joint de cardan (139), dont le croisillon (140) est monté rotatif dans les fourches à bride (141, 142) prévues aux extrémités inférieures desdites suspentes (118, 119) et aux extrémités (108, 109) de ladite poutre de rive (110), respectivement.17. Pontoon according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the lower ends of the aforementioned lines (118, 119) are articulated at the aforementioned ends (108, 109) of the aforementioned edge beam (110), in particular by a universal joint (139), the crosspiece (140) of which is rotatably mounted in the flange forks (141, 142) provided at the lower ends of said hangers (118, 119) and at the ends (108, 109) of said beam bank (110), respectively. 18. Ponton selon l'une des revendications 14 à 17, caractérisé en ce que les seconds palonniers (128, 129) précités sont réalisés sous forme de plaques sensiblement triangulaires aux sommets desquelles sont prévus l'axe de rotation (130, 131) précité ainsi que les axes d'articulation (128a, 128b ; 129a, 129b) des barres (126, 127 ; 132) précitées.18. Pontoon according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the second lifting beams (128, 129) mentioned above are produced in the form of substantially triangular plates at the vertices of which the axis of rotation (130, 131) mentioned above are provided. as well as the axes of articulation (128a, 128b; 129a, 129b) of the bars (126, 127; 132) mentioned above. 19. Ponton selon l'une des revendications 14 à 18, caractérisé en ce que l'articulation des barres (126, 127 ; 132) précitées aux premiers et seconds palonniers (120, 121 ; 128, 129) précités de fait grâce à des fourches à bride prévues aux extrémités desdites barres et dans lesquelles peuvent pivoter les axes d'articulation précités.19. Pontoon according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the articulation of the aforementioned bars (126, 127; 132) to the first and second spreaders (120, 121; 128, 129) aforementioned in fact thanks to flange forks provided at the ends of said bars and in which the aforementioned articulation axes can pivot. 20. Ponton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1) est équipée d'un certain nombre de défenses (143).20. Pontoon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned end (4) of the pontoon (1) is equipped with a number of defenses (143). 21. Ponton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une liaison secondaire est assurée entre le quai (5) et l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1) par l'intermédiaire de câbles, chaînes ou tirants (144) et éventuellement de tendeurs amortisseurs (145).21. Pontoon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a secondary connection is provided between the platform (5) and the above-mentioned end (4) of the pontoon (1) by means of cables, chains or tie rods (144) and possibly shock absorbers (145). 22. Ponton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la liaison routière entre l'extrémité (4) précitée du ponton (1) et le quai (5) est assurée par un certain nombre de volets (146) articulés à ladite extrémité (4) et venant reposer sur le quai.22. Pontoon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the road connection between the above-mentioned end (4) of the pontoon (1) and the quay (5) is ensured by a number of flaps (146) articulated at said end (4) and coming to rest on the platform. 23. Ponton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé d'un système pare-chocs (27) réparti le long de ses parois latérales.23. Pontoon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with a bumper system (27) distributed along its side walls. 24. Ponton selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé d'un système d'amarrage (28), comprenant un certain nombre de chaînes (29) et d'aussières (30) fixées d'une part au quai, et d'autre part au ponton, notamment à la rampe et à la plate-forme le constituant.24. Pontoon according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is equipped with a mooring system (28), comprising a number of chains (29) and hawsers (30) fixed with a on the quay, and on the other hand at the pontoon, in particular at the ramp and at the platform constituting it.
EP83401144A 1982-06-03 1983-06-03 Floating harbour pontoon for loading or unloading ships, especially roll on, roll off ships Expired EP0097088B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8209676A FR2528004B1 (en) 1982-06-03 1982-06-03 FLOATING PORT PONTOON LOADING AND UNLOADING A VESSEL, ESPECIALLY ROLLER
FR8209676 1982-06-03
FR8304976A FR2543101B2 (en) 1983-03-25 1983-03-25 FLOATING PORT PONTOON LOADING AND UNLOADING A VESSEL, ESPECIALLY ROLLER
FR8304976 1983-03-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0097088A1 true EP0097088A1 (en) 1983-12-28
EP0097088B1 EP0097088B1 (en) 1986-02-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83401144A Expired EP0097088B1 (en) 1982-06-03 1983-06-03 Floating harbour pontoon for loading or unloading ships, especially roll on, roll off ships

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0097088B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3362165D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1983004233A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2166089A (en) * 1984-10-25 1986-04-30 Peter Edward Caddick Improvements in or relating to the clearing of waterways
WO1992018699A1 (en) * 1991-04-23 1992-10-29 Arnprior Holdings Limited Bridges for providing access from a water-borne craft to the shore
DE9206490U1 (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-09-16 Schürmann, Werner, 49090 Osnabrück Watercraft

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112278195B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-07-05 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 Mooring method of roll-on/roll-off ship

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005670A (en) * 1971-02-01 1977-02-01 Campbell Industries Passive stabilization system for ships
US4055264A (en) * 1975-08-04 1977-10-25 Brown & Root, Inc. Deck section loading
FR2359051A2 (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-02-17 Mac Gregor International Sa Folding ship's access gangway - has sections hinged together and selectively lockable in position against quay side
FR2362969A1 (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-03-24 Metalliques Entrepr Cie Fse Temporary floating dock for inaccessible protected coastline - consists of land caisson with bridge deck sections spanning pontoons to form two roadways
FR2394642A1 (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-01-12 Mac Gregor Comarain Sa PORT RAMP ACCESS TO A RO-RO VESSEL
GB1569564A (en) * 1976-11-11 1980-06-18 Seafarm Design Ltd Floating platform for loading and unloading cargoships

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4005670A (en) * 1971-02-01 1977-02-01 Campbell Industries Passive stabilization system for ships
US4055264A (en) * 1975-08-04 1977-10-25 Brown & Root, Inc. Deck section loading
FR2359051A2 (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-02-17 Mac Gregor International Sa Folding ship's access gangway - has sections hinged together and selectively lockable in position against quay side
FR2362969A1 (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-03-24 Metalliques Entrepr Cie Fse Temporary floating dock for inaccessible protected coastline - consists of land caisson with bridge deck sections spanning pontoons to form two roadways
GB1569564A (en) * 1976-11-11 1980-06-18 Seafarm Design Ltd Floating platform for loading and unloading cargoships
FR2394642A1 (en) * 1977-03-22 1979-01-12 Mac Gregor Comarain Sa PORT RAMP ACCESS TO A RO-RO VESSEL

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2166089A (en) * 1984-10-25 1986-04-30 Peter Edward Caddick Improvements in or relating to the clearing of waterways
WO1992018699A1 (en) * 1991-04-23 1992-10-29 Arnprior Holdings Limited Bridges for providing access from a water-borne craft to the shore
DE9206490U1 (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-09-16 Schürmann, Werner, 49090 Osnabrück Watercraft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3362165D1 (en) 1986-03-27
WO1983004233A1 (en) 1983-12-08
EP0097088B1 (en) 1986-02-19

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