EP0135445A1 - Mooring system for large floating bodies, particularly at sea - Google Patents

Mooring system for large floating bodies, particularly at sea Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0135445A1
EP0135445A1 EP84401804A EP84401804A EP0135445A1 EP 0135445 A1 EP0135445 A1 EP 0135445A1 EP 84401804 A EP84401804 A EP 84401804A EP 84401804 A EP84401804 A EP 84401804A EP 0135445 A1 EP0135445 A1 EP 0135445A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aforementioned
connection
rigid
counterweight
traction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84401804A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Michel Simon
Philippe Fert
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Entreprise D'equipements Mecaniques Et Hydrauliques (emh)
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Entreprise D'equipements Mecaniques Et Hydrauliques (emh)
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Application filed by Entreprise D'equipements Mecaniques Et Hydrauliques (emh) filed Critical Entreprise D'equipements Mecaniques Et Hydrauliques (emh)
Publication of EP0135445A1 publication Critical patent/EP0135445A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
    • B63B22/025—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids and comprising a restoring force in the mooring connection provided by means of weight, float or spring devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for mooring a floating body of large dimensions, in particular at sea, of the type comprising an anchoring system at the bottom.
  • large floating body Is meant here, without this list being limiting, large floating units such as oil tankers; floating factories semi-submersible platforms, floating tanks etc., intended for example for the storage and / or treatment of mineral products extracted from the seabed, such as petroleum, methane, etc ...
  • mooring systems of the kind described above are already known, in which, for example, the mooring is provided by a floating body such as a mooring buoy connected to a base anchored on the ground by a device with two arms articulated with respect to each other, the lower arm being mounted articulated on the base. At the point of articulation between the upper arm and the lower arm, a counterweight is provided for modifying the elasticity of the system.
  • a floating body such as a mooring buoy connected to a base anchored on the ground by a device with two arms articulated with respect to each other, the lower arm being mounted articulated on the base.
  • a counterweight is provided for modifying the elasticity of the system.
  • a traction-resistant link is connected, on the one hand, by its upper surface end, to a part projecting from the bow of the ship by via a universal joint, and, on the other hand, by its lower end, to a rigid arm via another universal joint.
  • a counterweight means is provided at the connection between the traction-resistant connection and the arm which is pivotally connected around a horizontal axis to a device for anchoring to the seabed.
  • the projecting part of the ship is rotatably mounted around a vertical axis an element carrying the first aforementioned universal joint.
  • Another type of mooring system having an projecting arm integral with the ship and connected to a tensile-resistant element by means of a connection with three pivot axes perpendicular to each other, a rotating joint being connected to the upper end of the tensile-resistant element.
  • This element is connected horizontally articulated to a rigid arm which is connected to a docking base to the seabed articulated around a horizontal axis and a vertical axis to this base.
  • This system also does not allow stabilization of the lateral movements of the moored vessel.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks and to develop a mooring system for convenient use, having a unique flexibility of mooring, a minimum structural weight and making it possible to stabilize the lateral movements of the floating body.
  • the mooring system of a large floating body is of the type comprising a tensile-resistant connection connecting the floating body to an anchoring device to the seabed by means of a rigid connection articulated to the anchoring device, a means forming a counterweight being provided at the connection between the traction-resistant connection and the rigid connection,
  • the system, according to the invention being characterized in that the rigid connection is a triangle-shaped structure having its apex connected to the anchoring device by an articulation with three axes of rotation and in that the traction-resistant connection comprises two elements connected, on the one hand, directly to each side of the floating body , and, on the other hand, respectively at the two ends of the part forming the base of the totally submerged triangular structure.
  • the elements of the traction-resistant connection are rigid chains or arms articulated to the rigid connection connected to the anchoring device.
  • the mooring system according to the invention is thus capable of withstanding very severe surrounding conditions such as the effects of swells, in particular in the event of strong storms.
  • ballast counterweight fixed to the yoke or rigid connection mentioned above, in particular at its connection to the traction elements is intended to create an elastic restoring force applied to the floating body.
  • system according to the invention is very easy to install.
  • the aforementioned articulated mooring system is designed to be able to balance a horizontal thrust force of 5,000 t (or 50,000 kN), it requires a very heavy counterweight so that, under this thrust force, the articulated mooring never takes a configuration aligned in a straight line but always retains a configuration in a broken line, even under maximum thrust forces, to avoid excessive forces or stresses in particular at the location of the articulated connection with the device anchoring.
  • the present invention also aims to eliminate this drawback by creating a multipurpose mooring system, that is to say usable both in open sea and in ice sea (icy arctic or antarctic ocean).
  • This technical problem is solved according to another particular characteristic of the invention by a mooring system of the aforementioned type which is characterized in that the aforementioned counterweight has an arbitrarily variable mass by selective adjustment.
  • This arrangement has the advantage that the mass of the ballast counterweight can be modified at will so as to make it heavy enough to perform its function in the ice sea or to reduce its weight so that the articulated system can function properly in open sea.
  • the aforementioned counterweight consists of a part with fixed or constant mass and a part forming a tank or float selectively ballastable. It is thus possible to vary at will the mass of the counterweight either by filling the ballastable tank or float at least partially with water to make it heavier or by at least partially emptying said tank or float to lighten the counterweight.
  • This counterweight can for example consist of a combination or association of a counterweight of fixed or constant mass with a container of sufficient capacity to form a ballastable tank or float.
  • the aforementioned traction elements are connected to the aforementioned floating body below the waterline, that is to say to the hull thereof, at a sufficient depth under the water so that their respective places of connection to the floating body are always located under the possible layer of sea ice.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of avoiding any accidental blockage of the mooring system by possibly surrounding sea ice.
  • each of the two aforementioned traction elements serves as a support for the ballast water passage pipes where is constituted by a tubular ballast water passage pipe opening at its lower end in the aforementioned ballastable float and communicating at its upper end with means for supplying or filling and removing or discharging ballast water.
  • These traction elements can also be used to support tubular conduits or pipes for transferring liquid and / or gaseous fluids between moored floating machine and pipes on the seabed.
  • the above-mentioned yoke is advantageously connected directly to the anchoring device located on the seabed.
  • this direct connection is no longer possible.
  • the invention also provides a mooring device of the kind mentioned above and which is consists of a base resting or fixed to the seabed and an oscillating column constantly fully submerged, articulated by its end to said base, preferably by a triaxial or spherical joint forming for example a universal joint or Cardan joint, and provided with 'A stabilizing float at its upper end, the aforementioned yoke being articulated at the top of said column.
  • the counterweight can be of fixed or constant mass, that is to say without ballastable tank and the traction elements can be constituted for example by chains connected at their upper ends to the body or floating object in respective locations located above the waterline thereof.
  • the ballast counterweight can be produced in accordance with the embodiment described above for mooring systems for relatively shallow local depths, that is to say in particular with a selectively ballastable tank.
  • FIG. 4 represents a front view according to the arrow IU of the system represented in FIG. 3.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the above system.
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of a variant of the mooring system according to the invention, usable in relatively deep sea, and
  • FIG. 7 is a front view according to arrow VII of the system according to FIG. 6.
  • a large floating body for example an oil tanker or tanker, to be moored in a specific anchorage, this permanently or almost permanently.
  • the mooring system for this purpose comprises an anchoring device 2, shown diagrammatically, and is produced in the form of a weight base simply resting on the bottom 3 of the sea by ballasting, or a base fixed in the sea floor by ouanalogue stakes.
  • two chains 4 forming traction-resistant connecting elements are connected, on the one hand on each side of the tanker 1, and, on the other hand, at the two ends of a rigid connection 5 having a structure in the form of triangle.
  • the two chains 4 are respectively connected substantially at the level of the two ends of the transverse bar 51 forming the base of the triangle, the apex of which is mounted articulated to the base 2.
  • the bar 51 connecting the two sides 5a and 5b is a rigid tube into which a heavy metal is poured, for example cast iron forming a counterweight 6.
  • the counterweight means 6 is preferably poured into two parts of length 51a and 51b of the tube 51 on either side of the middle part 51c.
  • the counterweight means can be cast over the entire length of the tube 51. It is also possible as counterweight means to use two counterweights fixed along the bar 51 respectively in the vicinity of its two ends.
  • the counterweight means may have a weight of between 200 and 800 tonnes depending on the surrounding conditions.
  • a rotary or pivoting joint 7 is mounted on the base 2 to form a rotary connection between a pipe (not shown) provided at the seabed and a connection pipe 8.
  • the pipe 8 is connected by the intermediate of a flexible connection pipe 9 to a rigid pipe 10 supported by the triangle structure 5 and the end of which is connected via a flexible connection pipe 11 to the pipe 12 of the oil tanker 1.
  • a flexible connection pipe 9 to a rigid pipe 10 supported by the triangle structure 5 and the end of which is connected via a flexible connection pipe 11 to the pipe 12 of the oil tanker 1.
  • the articulation A between the rigid structure 5 and the base 2 is of the type with three axes of rotation allowing a 360 ° rotational movement of the structure 5 around an axis vertical to the base following the rotational movements of the oil tanker around a vertical axis, a rotational movement for example of plus or minus 50 0 about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tanker following the pitching movements of the tanker and a rotational movement for example of more or minus 25 ° around a horizontal axis located in the vertical plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the oil tanker following its roll movement.
  • Such a joint can be of the universal joint type or of the universal joint type.
  • this can be of the connectable type thanks to locking bolts included in its structure as is already known per se.
  • the mooring system allows the oil tanker 1 to turn around a fixed point of the base 2 with stabilization of the lateral movements of this vessel relative to the direction of the rigid triangular structure 5 thanks to the chains hung on the sides of the ship.
  • the transfer of the fluid such as petroleum or methane, from the seabed, is carried out through the pipe provided at the bottom bent at right angles to pass in the articulation with three axes of rotation, then through the rotary joint 7 towards the oil tanker 1 via at least the connecting pipe 9, the rigid pipe 10, the connecting pipe 11 and the pipe 12.
  • the mooring force is made by the counterweight member 6 placed on the rigid articulated structure 5 which allows great flexibility of mooring.
  • the counterweight member 6 exerts a downward force and when the oil tanker 1 moves upward, the counterweight also moves upward with the structure 5.
  • the counterweight then exerts a force tending to bring the tanker 1 at a point vertically above the point where the downward force acts.
  • the mooring loads are transferred to the seabed via the base 2 which must also resist the hydrodynamic loads on its structure.
  • the transverse and longitudinal movements of the oil tanker 1 are transmitted to the rigid link 5 with a triangle-shaped structure suspended from the ship and due to the articulated laision with three axes of rotation on the base 2, the rigid link 5 does not support no significant constraints.
  • the mooring system according to the invention is arranged under the oil tanker 1 in such a way that the hull of the ship can in no case strike said system.
  • the mooring system according to the invention thus makes it possible to permanently moor large floating bodies such as oil tankers in particular in shallow sea while ensuring the connection of fluid by conduits between the ship and the base of anchoring and ensuring good handling of the vessel whatever the surrounding conditions.
  • the versatile articulated mooring system in relatively shallow sea similarly comprises the first mode of embodiment above, an anchoring device 101 constituted by a base resting and maintained on the seabed 102 by its own sufficiently heavy weight or fixed to the seabed for example by dark piles in the ground.
  • the aforementioned triangular yoke 103 is articulated by the top 104 of its triangular structure to the anchoring device 101 by means of a triaxial or spherical articulation 105 forming for example a universal joint or a cardan joint allowing an angular movement with three degrees of freedom respectively around three concurrent axes centered at the articulation, so as to allow a yaw rotation movement around the vertical axis passing through the articulation, a pitch rotation movement around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the triangular shape of the yoke and a rolling rotation movement about a horizontal axis coinciding with the axis of symmetry of the triangular shape of the yoke, this yoke advantageously being in the form of an isosceles triangle with two lateral sides 103a and 103 b equal and based 103c.
  • Coaxial with the joint 105 is provided at least one rotating or pivoting pipe joint 106 for each pipe 107 for loading or unloading a tanker ship to be moored, which is not shown in more detail in the drawings.
  • the three sides or members of yoke 103 are advantageous. each consisting of a lattice beam.
  • the counterweight with selectively variable mass 108 is disposed substantially at the two base vertices of the yoke 103 and supported for example respectively by the two lateral sides 103a and 103b of the latter substantially towards their end.
  • This counterweight advantageously comprises an envelope, for example cylindrical or frustoconical (see FIG. 2) subdivided into two compartments, namely: a compartment 108a filled with a fixed or constant solid mass and a compartment 108b juxtaposed or attached to the first and forming a reservoir or ballastable float.
  • the body or floating object to be moored here consists for example of an icebreaker tanker 109, the preferably front part of which is connected, on each side, to the yoke 103 in particular respectively substantially at opposite transverse ends of its base 103 c (that is to say at the end of its arms or lateral sides 103a, 103b) by two traction or suspension elements 110 articulated respectively by their lower end 111 to the yoke 103 and by their upper end 112 to the ship 109 in particular at a location below the waterline 113 of the ship, therefore at the hull's hull at a sufficient depth to always be below the possible layer of sea ice likely to surround the ship.
  • the free end of the yoke 103 is thus in a way suspended from the ship 109 by the traction or tie rods 110.
  • the length of the base 103c of the yoke 103 is preferably greater than the width or transverse dimension of the vessel 109 at the connection location 112 of the traction elements 110 thereon, so that these traction elements are inclined on the longitudinal median vertical plane 114 of the vessel passing through the articulation joint 105 on the anchoring device and thus constituting substantially a plane of symmetry of the whole system (see Figure 2).
  • the traction elements 110 are normally located in the same transverse vertical plane passing through the base 103c of the yoke in the absence of any stress exerted by the sea on the ship, so that the base 103c of the yoke is then substantially horizontal. If sea ice (not shown) tends to push the ship 109 so as to move it radially away from the vertical axis of the anchoring device 105, the articulated system, composed of the yoke 103 and the traction elements 110, takes then the configuration having in profile view the shape of a broken line drawn in FIG.
  • connection point 112 then coming in 112 ′ and the yoke 103 rocking around its axis of articulation horizontal perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 so as to pivot upwards.
  • the counterweight then exerts a restoring force on the ship, tending to bring it back into its stable equilibrium position shown in FIG. 1. Thanks to the triaxial articulation 105, the ship can freely execute movements of pitch, roll respectively , lace and lace.
  • each ballast tank 108b will be at least partially filled with ballast water to weigh down the counterweight 108 appropriately while, if this system must be used in open sea without sea ice, the ballast tank 108b will be at least partially emptied of its ballast water so as to lighten the counterweight 108 in an appropriate manner.
  • Each traction element 110 can be used to support the filling and emptying piping of the corresponding ballast tank 108b or else forms this piping itself, for example being constituted by a tubular pipe of appropriate diameter.
  • the variant embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 represents a mooring system in relatively deep sea, that is to say with a local depth exceeding for example 150 m.
  • the end 104 of the yoke 103 is articulated, by a triaxial or spherical articulation such as a universal joint or Cardan joint 116, at the top of an oscillating column 117 constantly submerged entirely at a sufficient depth to be always below the layer of sea ice which may possibly surround the ship 109 without interfering with the passage of ships above this column (the top of which must therefore be sufficiently far below the keel of the ship).
  • the column 117 generally comprises a stabilizing float 118 at its upper part which exerts a constant restoring force on the column, tending to straighten it vertically. At its lower end, the column 117 is articulated to the base 101 by means of a joint preferably forming a universal joint or Cardan joint 119. Such a articulated oscillating column is well known per se and will therefore not be described further here.
  • the ship 109 can be connected to the yoke 103 by traction elements 120-forming for example flexible or flexible links such as chains articulated by their upper end at the front of the ship 109 in locations located above the ship's waterline 113.
  • traction elements 120-forming for example flexible or flexible links such as chains articulated by their upper end at the front of the ship 109 in locations located above the ship's waterline 113.
  • the structure, constituted by the yoke 103 and the traction elements 120, will be constituted as has been described in correlation with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 at 3, the traction elements then being articulated to the hull under the waterline 113 of the ship.
  • the counterweight 108 will have a selectively adjustable mass and will have a structure similar to that described in correlation with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the yoke will always be fully submerged to a depth sufficient to be always completely located below the possible layer of sea ice and not to offer any obstructing obstacle to the passage of the ship above it.
  • the above-mentioned mooring system is designed so as to produce a decoupling of the high-frequency movements of the vessel in the longitudinal and transverse directions respectively as a function of the relative position of the yoke 103.
  • the counterweight is adjusted so as to make optimum minimum loads of peak as well as the minimum fatigue of flexible or flexible connecting pipes.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for mooring a large floating body, of the type comprising a traction-resistant link joining the said floating body to an anchoring device on the sea bed via a rigid link articulated to the anchoring device, a means forming a counterweight being provided at the connection between the traction-resistant link and the rigid link. According to the invention, the rigid link or yoke (103) is a structure in the shape of a triangle having its apex joined to the anchoring device (101) by an articulation with three axes of rotation, and the traction-resistant link (110, 120) comprises two elements which are joined, on the one hand, directly to each side of the floating body (109) and, on the other hand, respectively to the two ends of the portion (103c) forming the base of the totally immersed triangular structure. The invention applies, in particular, to the mooring of oil tankers. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un système d'amarrage d'un corps flottant de grandes dimensions, notamment en mer, du type comportant un système d'ancrage au fond.The present invention relates to a system for mooring a floating body of large dimensions, in particular at sea, of the type comprising an anchoring system at the bottom.

Par "corps flottant de grandes dimensions" .on entend désigné ici, sans que cette énumération ne soit limitative, les grosses unités flottantes telles que navires pétroliers; usines flottantes plate-formes semi-submersibles, réservoirs flottants etc., destinées par exemple au stockage et/ou au traitement de produits minéraux extraits du fond de la mer, tels que le pétrole, le méthane, etc...By "large floating body". Is meant here, without this list being limiting, large floating units such as oil tankers; floating factories semi-submersible platforms, floating tanks etc., intended for example for the storage and / or treatment of mineral products extracted from the seabed, such as petroleum, methane, etc ...

On connaît bien entendu déjà des systèmes d'amarrage du genre ci-dessus décrit, dans lesquels, par exemple, l'amarrage est fourni par un corps flottant tel qu'une bouée d'amarrage reliée à une embase ancrée sur le sol par un dispositif à deux bras articulés l'un par rapport à l'autre, le bras inférieur étant monté articulé sur l'embase. A l'endroit de l'articulation entre le bras supérieur et le bras inférieur est prévu un contrepoids permettant de modifier l'élasticité du système.Of course, mooring systems of the kind described above are already known, in which, for example, the mooring is provided by a floating body such as a mooring buoy connected to a base anchored on the ground by a device with two arms articulated with respect to each other, the lower arm being mounted articulated on the base. At the point of articulation between the upper arm and the lower arm, a counterweight is provided for modifying the elasticity of the system.

Ces systèmes dits du type à colonne flottante ont pour inconvénients d'être difficilement adaptables en eau de faible profondeur (moine de 75 m) à cause du volume de corps flottant exigé pour produire la force de restitution du système.These so-called floating column type systems have the drawbacks of being difficult to adapt to shallow water (75 m monk) because of the volume of floating body required to produce the restoring force of the system.

On connait également d'autres systèmes d'amarrage de navires de grandes dimensions par lesquels une liaison résistant à la traction est reliée, d'une part, par son extrémité supérieure en surface, à une partie faisant saillie de l'avant du navire par l'intermédiaire d'un joint à cardan, et, d'autre part, par son extrémité inférieure, à un bras rigide par l'intermédiaire d'un autre joint à cardan. Un moyen formant contrepoids est prévu au niveau de la liaison entre la liaison résistant à la traction et le bras qui est relié pivotant autour d'un axe horizontal à un dispositif d'ancrage au fond marin. De plus, dans la partie faisant saillie du navire est monté rotatif autour d'un axe vertical un élément portant le premier joint à cardan précité.Other large ship mooring systems are also known, by which a traction-resistant link is connected, on the one hand, by its upper surface end, to a part projecting from the bow of the ship by via a universal joint, and, on the other hand, by its lower end, to a rigid arm via another universal joint. A counterweight means is provided at the connection between the traction-resistant connection and the arm which is pivotally connected around a horizontal axis to a device for anchoring to the seabed. In addition, in the projecting part of the ship is rotatably mounted around a vertical axis an element carrying the first aforementioned universal joint.

Ces systèmes ont ainsi pour inconvénients de comporter un trop grand nombre d'articulations devant résister à de fortes contraintes mécaniques notamment dans le cas où le navire est soumis à de fortes houles. De plus, ces systèmes ne permettent pas d'assurer une bonne stabilisation des mouvements latéraux du navire.These systems thus have the drawbacks of comprising too large a number of articulations which have to withstand strong mechanical stresses in particular in the case where the ship is subjected to strong swells. In addition, these systems do not ensure good stabilization of the lateral movements of the ship.

On connaît enfin un autre type de système d'amarrage ayant un bras faisant saillie solidaire du navire et relié à un élément résistant à la traction par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison à trois axes de pivot perpendiculaires les uns par rapport aux autres, un joint tournant étant relié à l'extrémité supérieure de l'élément résistant à la traction. Cet élément est relié articulé horizontalement à un bras rigide qui est relié à une embase d'amarrage au fond marin de façon articulée autour d'un axe horizontal et d'un axe vertical à cette embase.Another type of mooring system is also known, having an projecting arm integral with the ship and connected to a tensile-resistant element by means of a connection with three pivot axes perpendicular to each other, a rotating joint being connected to the upper end of the tensile-resistant element. This element is connected horizontally articulated to a rigid arm which is connected to a docking base to the seabed articulated around a horizontal axis and a vertical axis to this base.

Ce système ne permet pas non plus la stabilisation des mouvements latéraux du navire amarré.This system also does not allow stabilization of the lateral movements of the moored vessel.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier aux inconvénients ci-dessus et d'élaborer un système d'amarrage d'utilisation commode, ayant une flexibilité unique de l'amarrage, un poids de structure minimum et permettant d'assurer la stabilisation des mouvements latéraux du corps flottant.The object of the present invention is to remedy the above drawbacks and to develop a mooring system for convenient use, having a unique flexibility of mooring, a minimum structural weight and making it possible to stabilize the lateral movements of the floating body.

Pour cela, le système d'amarrage d'un corps flottant de grandes dimensions selon l'invention est du type comprenant une liaison résistant à la traction reliant le corps flottant à un dispositif d'ancrage au fond marin par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison rigide articulée au dispositif d'ancrage, un moyen formant contrepoids étant prévu au niveau de la connexion entre la liaison résistant à la traction et la liaison rigide, le système, conformément à l'invention, étant caractérisé en ce que la liaison rigide est une structure en forme de triangle ayant son sommet relié au dispositif d'ancrage par une articulation à trois axes de rotation et en ce que la liaison résistant à la traction comprend deux éléments reliés, d'une part, directement de chaque côté du corps flottant, et, d'autre part, respectivement au niveau des deux extrémités de la partie formant base de la structure triangulaire totalement immergée.For this, the mooring system of a large floating body according to the invention is of the type comprising a tensile-resistant connection connecting the floating body to an anchoring device to the seabed by means of a rigid connection articulated to the anchoring device, a means forming a counterweight being provided at the connection between the traction-resistant connection and the rigid connection, the system, according to the invention, being characterized in that the rigid connection is a triangle-shaped structure having its apex connected to the anchoring device by an articulation with three axes of rotation and in that the traction-resistant connection comprises two elements connected, on the one hand, directly to each side of the floating body , and, on the other hand, respectively at the two ends of the part forming the base of the totally submerged triangular structure.

Selon encore une caractéristique de l'invention, les éléments de la liaison résistant à la traction sont des chaînes ou des bras rigides articulés à la liaison rigide reliée au dispositif d'ancrage.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the elements of the traction-resistant connection are rigid chains or arms articulated to the rigid connection connected to the anchoring device.

Le système d'amarrage selon l'invention est ainsi capable de résister à des conditions environnantes très sévères telles que les effets de la houle, notamment en cas de fortes tempêtes.The mooring system according to the invention is thus capable of withstanding very severe surrounding conditions such as the effects of swells, in particular in the event of strong storms.

En effet, le contrepoids de lestage fixé au joug ou liaison rigide précitée, notamment au niveau de sa liaison aux éléments de traction est destiné à créer une force de rappel élastique appliquée au corps flottant.Indeed, the ballast counterweight fixed to the yoke or rigid connection mentioned above, in particular at its connection to the traction elements is intended to create an elastic restoring force applied to the floating body.

De plus, le système selon l'invention est très facile à installer.In addition, the system according to the invention is very easy to install.

Ainsi, dans un tel système et en mer libre, les phénomènes dynamiques naturels , tels que l'effet de la houle, des courants marins, du vent etc, exercent une poussée horizontale sur le corps flottant tel que navire ne dépassant généralement pas 1000 t (soit 10 000 kN). Cependant, dans l'océan glacial arctique ou antarctique, la glace de mer peut exercer une force de poussée pouvant atteindre 5 000 t (soit 50 000 kN). Or, si le système d'amarrage articulé précité est conçu pour pouvoir équilibrer un effort de poussée horizontale de 5 000 t (ou 50 000 kN), il nécessite un contrepoids très lourd afin que, sous cette force de poussée, le système d'amarrage articulé ne prenne jamais une configuration alignée en ligne droite mais conserve toujours une configuration en ligne brisée, même sous des forces de poussée maximales, pour éviter des efforts ou contraintes excessifs en particulier à l'emplacement de la liaison articulée avec le dispositif d'ancrage. Un tel système conçu pour équilibrer des forces de poussée pouvant atteindre 5000 t ou 50 000 kN présente alors l'inconvénient de ne pas pouvoir être utilisé pour l'amarrage en mer libre, c'est-à-dire dépourvu de glaces de mer, car en raison de la force de rappel élastique très grande ainsi exercée par ce contrepoids très lourd, les efforts dynamiques sur le système d'amarrage articulé et notamment sur sa liaision articulée au dispositif d'ancrage deviendraient également excessifs.Thus, in such a system and in the open sea, natural dynamic phenomena, such as the effect of swell, sea currents, wind, etc., exert a horizontal thrust on the floating body such as a ship generally not exceeding 1000 t (i.e. 10,000 kN). However, in the freezing Arctic or Antarctic Ocean, sea ice can exert a pushing force of up to 5,000 t (50,000 kN). However, if the aforementioned articulated mooring system is designed to be able to balance a horizontal thrust force of 5,000 t (or 50,000 kN), it requires a very heavy counterweight so that, under this thrust force, the articulated mooring never takes a configuration aligned in a straight line but always retains a configuration in a broken line, even under maximum thrust forces, to avoid excessive forces or stresses in particular at the location of the articulated connection with the device anchoring. Such a system designed to balance thrust forces of up to 5,000 t or 50,000 kN then has the drawback of not being able to be used for mooring in the open sea, that is to say without sea ice, because due to the very large elastic restoring force thus exerted by this very heavy counterweight, the dynamic forces on the articulated mooring system and in particular on its connection articulated to the anchor would also become excessive.

Aussi, la présente invention a également pour but de supprimer cet inconvénient en créant un système d'amarrage polyvalent, c'est-à-dire utilisable aussi bien en mer libre qu'en mer à glaces (océan glacial arctique ou antarctique). Ce problème technique est résolu selon une autre caractéristique particulière de l'invention par un système d'amarrage du type précité qui est caractérisé en ce que le contrepoids précité est à masse arbitrairement variable par réglage sélectif.Also, the present invention also aims to eliminate this drawback by creating a multipurpose mooring system, that is to say usable both in open sea and in ice sea (icy arctic or antarctic ocean). This technical problem is solved according to another particular characteristic of the invention by a mooring system of the aforementioned type which is characterized in that the aforementioned counterweight has an arbitrarily variable mass by selective adjustment.

Cette disposition présente l'avantage que l'on peut modifier, à volonté, la masse du contrepoids de lestage, de façon à le;;rendre suffisamment lourd pour accomplir sa fonction en mer glaciaire ou à réduire son poids de façon que le système articulé puisse fonctionner correctement en mer libre.This arrangement has the advantage that the mass of the ballast counterweight can be modified at will so as to make it heavy enough to perform its function in the ice sea or to reduce its weight so that the articulated system can function properly in open sea.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le contrepoids précité se compose d'une partie à masse fixe ou constante et d'une partie formant réservoir ou flotteur sélectivement ballastable. Il est ainsi possible de faire varier à volonté la masse du contrepoids soit en remplissant le réservoir ou flotteur ballastable au moins partiellement d'eau pour l'alourdir ou bien en vidangeant au moins partiellement ledit réservoir ou flotteur pour alléger le contrepoids. Ce contrepoids peut par exemple consister en une combinaison ou association d'un contrepoids de masse fixe ou constante avec un récipient de capacité suffisante pour former réservoir ou flotteur ballastable.According to another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned counterweight consists of a part with fixed or constant mass and a part forming a tank or float selectively ballastable. It is thus possible to vary at will the mass of the counterweight either by filling the ballastable tank or float at least partially with water to make it heavier or by at least partially emptying said tank or float to lighten the counterweight. This counterweight can for example consist of a combination or association of a counterweight of fixed or constant mass with a container of sufficient capacity to form a ballastable tank or float.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les éléments de traction précités sont reliés au corps flottant précité en dessous de la ligne de flottaison c'est-à-dire à la carène de celui-ci, à une profondeur suffisante sous l'eau pour que leurs emplacements de liaison respectifs au corps flottant soient toujours situés sous la couche de glace de mer éventuelle. Cette disposition présente l'avantage d'éviter tout blocage accidentel du système d'amarrage par la glace de mer éventuellement environnante.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the aforementioned traction elements are connected to the aforementioned floating body below the waterline, that is to say to the hull thereof, at a sufficient depth under the water so that their respective places of connection to the floating body are always located under the possible layer of sea ice. This arrangement has the advantage of avoiding any accidental blockage of the mooring system by possibly surrounding sea ice.

Suivant encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, chacun des deux éléments de traction précités sert de support aux tuyauteries de passage d'eau de ballast où est constitué par une conduite tubulaire de passage d'eau de ballast débouchant à sa partie extrême inférieure dans le flotteur ballastable précité et communiquant à sa partie extrême supérieure avec des moyens d'amenée ou de remplissage et d'enlèvement ou de vidange d'eau de ballast. Ces éléments de traction peuvent aussi servir à supporter les conduites tubulaires ou canalisations de transfert de fluides liquides et/ou gazeux entre engin flottant amarré et canalisations sur fond marin.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, each of the two aforementioned traction elements serves as a support for the ballast water passage pipes where is constituted by a tubular ballast water passage pipe opening at its lower end in the aforementioned ballastable float and communicating at its upper end with means for supplying or filling and removing or discharging ballast water. These traction elements can also be used to support tubular conduits or pipes for transferring liquid and / or gaseous fluids between moored floating machine and pipes on the seabed.

D'autre part, pour des profondeurs locales relativement faibles c'est-à-dire par exemple inférieures à 150 m, le joug précité est avantageusement relié directement au dispositif d'ancrage se trouvant sur le fond marin. Par contre pour des profondeurs locales relativement plus grandes, par exemple supérieures à environ 150 m, cette liaison directe n'est plus possible. Pour éliminer cet inconvénient et indépendamment de la présence ou de l'absence d'une possibilité de réglage de la masse du contrepoids précité, l'invention propose également un dispositif d'amarrage du genre mentionné précédemment et qui se compose d'une embase reposantou.fixée sur le fond marin et d'une colonne oscillante constamment immergée entièrement, articulée par son extrémité à ladite embase, de préférence par une articulation triaxiale ou sphérique formant par exemple joint universel ou de Cardan, et pourvue d'un flotteur stabilisateur à sa partie extrême supérieure, le joug précité étant articulé au sommet de ladite colonne. Dans le cas où cette variante d'exécution doit être utilisée uniquement en mer libre, le contrepoids peut être à masse fixe ou constante, c'est-à-dire sans réservoir ballastable et les éléments de traction peuvent être constitués par exemple par des chaînes reliées à leurs extrémités supérieures au corps ou engin flottant en des emplacements respectifs situés au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison de celui-ci.On the other hand, for relatively shallow local depths, that is to say for example less than 150 m, the above-mentioned yoke is advantageously connected directly to the anchoring device located on the seabed. On the other hand, for relatively greater local depths, for example greater than about 150 m, this direct connection is no longer possible. To eliminate this drawback and independently of the presence or absence of a possibility of adjusting the mass of the aforementioned counterweight, the invention also provides a mooring device of the kind mentioned above and which is consists of a base resting or fixed to the seabed and an oscillating column constantly fully submerged, articulated by its end to said base, preferably by a triaxial or spherical joint forming for example a universal joint or Cardan joint, and provided with 'A stabilizing float at its upper end, the aforementioned yoke being articulated at the top of said column. In the case where this variant of execution must be used only in open sea, the counterweight can be of fixed or constant mass, that is to say without ballastable tank and the traction elements can be constituted for example by chains connected at their upper ends to the body or floating object in respective locations located above the waterline thereof.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de cette variante d'exécution dans le cas où celle-ci doit être utilisée indifféremment en mer libre et en mer glaciaire (océan glacial arctique ou antarctique), le contrepoids de lestage peut être réalisé conformément au mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus pour les systèmes d'amarrage pour profondeurs locales relativement faibles, c'est-à-dire notamment avec un réservoir sélectivement ballastable.According to yet another characteristic of this alternative embodiment in the case where it must be used interchangeably in the open sea and in the glacial sea (arctic or antarctic glacial ocean), the ballast counterweight can be produced in accordance with the embodiment described above for mooring systems for relatively shallow local depths, that is to say in particular with a selectively ballastable tank.

L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention, et dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente un premier mode de réalisation. possible du système d'amarrage notamment en mer libre d'un corps flottant, par exemple un navire pétrolier.
  • La figure 2 est une vue de dessus selon la flèche II de la figure 1 du système d'amarrage selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue de côté, en élévation, d'un système d'amarrage polyvalent, conforme à l'invention, d'un engin flottant tel qu'un navire en mer relativement peu profonde.
The invention will be better understood, and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to annexed schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating several embodiments of the invention, and in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment. possible of the mooring system in particular in the open sea of a floating body, for example an oil tanker.
  • Figure 2 is a top view along arrow II of Figure 1 of the mooring system according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a side view, in elevation, of a multipurpose mooring system, according to the invention, of a floating object such as a ship in relatively shallow sea.

La figure 4 représente une vue de face avant selon la flèche IU du système représenté sur la figure 3.FIG. 4 represents a front view according to the arrow IU of the system represented in FIG. 3.

La figure 5 est une vue de dessus du système précité.Figure 5 is a top view of the above system.

La figure 6 est une vue latérale en élévation d'une variante du système d'amarrage conforme à l'invention, utilisable en mer relativement profonde, etFIG. 6 is a side elevation view of a variant of the mooring system according to the invention, usable in relatively deep sea, and

La figure 7 est une vue de face avant selon la flèche VII du système selon la figure 6.FIG. 7 is a front view according to arrow VII of the system according to FIG. 6.

En se reportant aux figures 1 et 2, on a désigné, par le chiffre de référence 1, un corps flottant de grandes dimensions, par exemple un navire pétrolier ou tanker, devant être amarré en un mouillage déterminé, ceci de façon permanente ou quasi-permanente.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, we have designated by the reference numeral 1, a large floating body, for example an oil tanker or tanker, to be moored in a specific anchorage, this permanently or almost permanently.

Le système d'amarrage comprend à cet effet un dispositif d'ancrage 2, représenté schématiquement, et est réalisé sous la forme d'une embase-poids reposant simplement sur le fond 3 de la mer par ballastage, ou d'une embase fixée dans le sol marin par des pieux ouanalogues.The mooring system for this purpose comprises an anchoring device 2, shown diagrammatically, and is produced in the form of a weight base simply resting on the bottom 3 of the sea by ballasting, or a base fixed in the sea floor by ouanalogue stakes.

Comme représenté, deux chaînes 4 formant éléments de liaison résistant à la traction sont reliées,d'une part de chaque côté du tanker 1, et, d'autre part, aux deux extrémités d'une liaison rigide 5 ayant une structure en forme de triangle. Ainsi, les deux chaînes 4 sont respectivement reliées sensiblement au niveau des deux extrémités de la barre transversale 51 formant base du triangle dont le sommet est monté articulé à l'embase 2.As shown, two chains 4 forming traction-resistant connecting elements are connected, on the one hand on each side of the tanker 1, and, on the other hand, at the two ends of a rigid connection 5 having a structure in the form of triangle. Thus, the two chains 4 are respectively connected substantially at the level of the two ends of the transverse bar 51 forming the base of the triangle, the apex of which is mounted articulated to the base 2.

Comme représenté en figure 2, la barre 51 reliant les deux côtés 5a et 5b est un tube rigide dans lequel est coulé un métal lourd par exemple en fonte formant contrepoids 6.As shown in FIG. 2, the bar 51 connecting the two sides 5a and 5b is a rigid tube into which a heavy metal is poured, for example cast iron forming a counterweight 6.

Le moyen formant contrepoids 6 est de préférence coulé dans deux parties de longueur 51a et 51b du tube 51 de part et d'autre de la partie médiane 51c. Bien entendu, le moyen formant contrepoids peut être coulé dans toute la longueur du tube 51. Il est possible également à titre de moyen formant contrepoids d'utiliser deux contrepoids fixés le long de la barre 51 respectivement au voisinage de ses deux extrémités. A titre d'exemple, le moyen formant contrepoids peut avoir un poids compris entre 200 et 800 tonnes selon les conditions environnantes.The counterweight means 6 is preferably poured into two parts of length 51a and 51b of the tube 51 on either side of the middle part 51c. Of course, the counterweight means can be cast over the entire length of the tube 51. It is also possible as counterweight means to use two counterweights fixed along the bar 51 respectively in the vicinity of its two ends. By way of example, the counterweight means may have a weight of between 200 and 800 tonnes depending on the surrounding conditions.

De façon connue en soi, un joint tournant ou pivotant 7 est monté sur l'embase 2 pour constituer un raccord tournant entre une canalisation (non représentée) prévue au fond marin et une conduite de raccordement 8. La conduite 8 est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau de raccord souple 9 à une conduite rigide 10 supportée par la structure en triangle 5 et dont l'extrémité est reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau de raccord souple 11 à la conduite 12 du navire-pétrolier 1. Bien entendu, il est possible de prévoir en sortie du joint tournant 7 deux conduites 8 reliées respectivement à deux conduites rigides supportées par la structure 5 par l'intermédiaire de deux tuyaux de raccord souples, les deux conduites rigides étant reliées respectivement à deux conduites du navire-pétrolier situées de chaque côté de celui-ci par l'intermédiaire de deux autres tuyaux de raccord souples.In a manner known per se, a rotary or pivoting joint 7 is mounted on the base 2 to form a rotary connection between a pipe (not shown) provided at the seabed and a connection pipe 8. The pipe 8 is connected by the intermediate of a flexible connection pipe 9 to a rigid pipe 10 supported by the triangle structure 5 and the end of which is connected via a flexible connection pipe 11 to the pipe 12 of the oil tanker 1. Of course, it is possible to provide at the outlet of the rotary joint 7 two pipes 8 connected respectively to two rigid pipes supported by the structure 5 by means of two flexible connection pipes, the two rigid pipes being connected respectively to two pipes of the oil tanker located on either side of it via two other flexible connector hoses.

L'articulation A entre la structure rigide 5 et l'embase 2 est du type à trois axes de rotation permettant un mouvement de rotation de 360° de la structure 5 autour d'un axe vertical à l'embase suite aux mouvements de rotation du navire-pétrolier autour d'un axe vertical, un mouvement de rotation par exemple de plus ou moins 500 autour d'un axe horizontal perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du navire-pétrolier suite aux mouvements de tangage du navire-pétrolier et un mouvement de rotation par exemple de plus ou moins 25° autour d'un axe horizontal situé dans le plan vertical passant par l'axe de symétrie du navire-pétrolier suite aux mouvement de roulis de celui-ci.The articulation A between the rigid structure 5 and the base 2 is of the type with three axes of rotation allowing a 360 ° rotational movement of the structure 5 around an axis vertical to the base following the rotational movements of the oil tanker around a vertical axis, a rotational movement for example of plus or minus 50 0 about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tanker following the pitching movements of the tanker and a rotational movement for example of more or minus 25 ° around a horizontal axis located in the vertical plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the oil tanker following its roll movement.

Une telle articulation peut être du type à joint universel ou du type à cardan. Dans le cas d'une articulation à la cardan, celle-ci peut être du type connectable grâce à des boulons de blocage inclus dans sa structure comme cela est déjà connu en soi.Such a joint can be of the universal joint type or of the universal joint type. In the case of a cardan joint, this can be of the connectable type thanks to locking bolts included in its structure as is already known per se.

On comprend ainsi que le système d'amarrage selon l'invention permet au navire-pétrolier 1 de tourner autour d'un point fixe de l'embase 2 avec stabilisation des mouvements latéraux de ce navire par rapport à la direction de la structure rigide triangulaire 5 grâce aux chaînes accrochées sur les côtés du navire.It is thus understood that the mooring system according to the invention allows the oil tanker 1 to turn around a fixed point of the base 2 with stabilization of the lateral movements of this vessel relative to the direction of the rigid triangular structure 5 thanks to the chains hung on the sides of the ship.

Le transfert du fluide tel que du pétrole ou du méthane, du fond marin, s'effectue à travers la canalisation prévue au fond coudée à angle droit pour passer dans l'articulation à trois axes de rotation, ensuite à travers le joint tournant 7 vers le navire-pétrolier 1 par l'intermédiaire d'au moins le tuyau de raccord 9, la conduite rigide 10, le tuyau de raccord 11 et la conduite 12.The transfer of the fluid such as petroleum or methane, from the seabed, is carried out through the pipe provided at the bottom bent at right angles to pass in the articulation with three axes of rotation, then through the rotary joint 7 towards the oil tanker 1 via at least the connecting pipe 9, the rigid pipe 10, the connecting pipe 11 and the pipe 12.

Avec le système d'amarrage selon ce premier mode de réalisation de l'invention , la force d'amarrage est réalisée par l'organe formant contrepoids 6 placé sur la structure rigide articulée 5 qui permet une grande flexibilité de l'amarrage. L'organe formant contrepoids 6 exerce une force dirigée vers le bas et lorsque le navire-pétrolier 1 se déplace vers le haut, le contrepoids se déplace également vers le haut avec la structure 5. Le contrepoids exerce alors une force ayant tendance à ramener le navire-pétrolier 1 en un point verticalement au-dessus de l'endroit où agit la force dirigée vers le bas.With the mooring system according to this first embodiment of the invention, the mooring force is made by the counterweight member 6 placed on the rigid articulated structure 5 which allows great flexibility of mooring. The counterweight member 6 exerts a downward force and when the oil tanker 1 moves upward, the counterweight also moves upward with the structure 5. The counterweight then exerts a force tending to bring the tanker 1 at a point vertically above the point where the downward force acts.

Les charges d'amarrage sont transférées au fond marin par l'intermédiaire de l'embase 2 qui doit de plus résister aux charges hydrodynamiques sur sa structure.The mooring loads are transferred to the seabed via the base 2 which must also resist the hydrodynamic loads on its structure.

Les mouvements transversal et longitudinal du navire-pétrolier 1 sont transmis à la liaison rigide 5 à structure en forme de triangle suspendue au navire et en raison de la laision articulée à trois axes de rotation sur l'embase 2, la liaison rigide 5 ne supporte pas d'importantes contraintes.The transverse and longitudinal movements of the oil tanker 1 are transmitted to the rigid link 5 with a triangle-shaped structure suspended from the ship and due to the articulated laision with three axes of rotation on the base 2, the rigid link 5 does not support no significant constraints.

Par ailleurs, il est à remarquer que le système d'amarrage selon l'invention est disposé sous le navire-pétrolier 1 d'une manière telle que la coque du navire ne puisse en aucun cas heurter ledit système.Furthermore, it should be noted that the mooring system according to the invention is arranged under the oil tanker 1 in such a way that the hull of the ship can in no case strike said system.

Le système d'amarrage selon l'invention permet ainsi d'amarrer en permanence des corps flottant de grandes dimensions tels que des navires-pétroliers notamment en mer peu profonde tout en assurant la liaison de fluide par conduits entre le navire et l'embase d'ancrage et assurer une bonne tenue du navire quelque soient les conditions environnantes.The mooring system according to the invention thus makes it possible to permanently moor large floating bodies such as oil tankers in particular in shallow sea while ensuring the connection of fluid by conduits between the ship and the base of anchoring and ensuring good handling of the vessel whatever the surrounding conditions.

Selon l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures 3 à 5 des dessins, le système d'amarrage articulé polyvalent en mer relativement peu profonde, par exemple d'une profondeur locale ne dépassant pas 150 m, comprend de façon analogue au premier mode de réalisation ci-dessus, un dispositif d'ancrage 101 constitué par une embase reposant et maintenue sur le fond marin 102 par son propre poids suffisamment lourd ou fixée au fond marin par exemple par des pieux foncés dans le sol. Le joug triangulaire précité 103 est articulé par le sommet 104 de sa structure triangulaire au dispositif d'ancrage 101 par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation triaxiale ou sphérique 105 formant par exemple joint universel ou de cardan permettant un débattement angulaire à trois degrés de liberté respectivement autour de trois axes concourants centrés à l'articulation, de façon à permettre un mouvement de rotation de lacet autour de l'axe vertical passant par l'articulation, un mouvement de rotation de tangage autour d'un axe horizontal perpendiculaire à l'axe de symétrie de la forme triangulaire du joug et un mouvement de rotation de roulis autour d'un axe horizontal coincidant avec l'axe de symétrie de la forme triangulaire du joug, ce joug étant avantageusement en forme de triangle isocèle à deux côté latéraux 103a et 103 b égaux et à base 103c.According to the embodiment shown in Figures 3 to 5 of the drawings, the versatile articulated mooring system in relatively shallow sea, for example with a local depth not exceeding 150 m, similarly comprises the first mode of embodiment above, an anchoring device 101 constituted by a base resting and maintained on the seabed 102 by its own sufficiently heavy weight or fixed to the seabed for example by dark piles in the ground. The aforementioned triangular yoke 103 is articulated by the top 104 of its triangular structure to the anchoring device 101 by means of a triaxial or spherical articulation 105 forming for example a universal joint or a cardan joint allowing an angular movement with three degrees of freedom respectively around three concurrent axes centered at the articulation, so as to allow a yaw rotation movement around the vertical axis passing through the articulation, a pitch rotation movement around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the triangular shape of the yoke and a rolling rotation movement about a horizontal axis coinciding with the axis of symmetry of the triangular shape of the yoke, this yoke advantageously being in the form of an isosceles triangle with two lateral sides 103a and 103 b equal and based 103c.

Coaxialement à l'articulation 105 est prévu au moins un joint tournant ou pivotant de tuyauterie 106 pour chaque conduite 107 de chargement ou de déchargement d'un navire citerne à amarrer, laquelle n'est pas représentée plus en détail dans les dessins.Coaxial with the joint 105 is provided at least one rotating or pivoting pipe joint 106 for each pipe 107 for loading or unloading a tanker ship to be moored, which is not shown in more detail in the drawings.

Les trois côtés ou membrures du joug 103 sont avantageusement constitués chacun par une poutre en treillis. Le contrepoids à masse sélectivement variable 108 est disposé sensiblement aux deux sommets de base du joug 103 et supporté par exemple respectivement par les deux côtés latéraux 103a et 103b de celui-ci sensiblement vers leur extrémité. Ce contrepoids comprend avantageusement une enveloppe par exemple cylindrique ou tronconique (voir figure 2) subdivisée en deux compartiments, à savoir: un compartiment 108a rempli d'une masse solide fixe ou constante et un compartiment 108 b juxtaposé ou accolé au premier et formant réservoir ou flotteur ballastable.The three sides or members of yoke 103 are advantageous. each consisting of a lattice beam. The counterweight with selectively variable mass 108 is disposed substantially at the two base vertices of the yoke 103 and supported for example respectively by the two lateral sides 103a and 103b of the latter substantially towards their end. This counterweight advantageously comprises an envelope, for example cylindrical or frustoconical (see FIG. 2) subdivided into two compartments, namely: a compartment 108a filled with a fixed or constant solid mass and a compartment 108b juxtaposed or attached to the first and forming a reservoir or ballastable float.

Le corps ou engin flottant à amarrer est constitué ici par exemple par un navire-citerne brise-glace 109 dont la partie de préférence avant est reliée, de chaque côté, au joug 103 notamment respectivement sensiblement aux extrémités transversales opposées de sa base 103 c (c'est-à-dire à l'extrémité de ses bras ou côtés latéraux 103a, 103b) par deux éléments de traction ou de suspension 110 articulés respectivement par leur extrémité inférieure 111 au joug 103 et par leur extrémité supérieure 112 au navire 109 notamment en un emplacement situé en dessous de la ligne de flottaison 113 du navire donc à la carène de sa coque à une profondeur suffisante pour se trouver toujours en dessous de la couche de glace de mer éventuelle sùsceptible d'entourer le navire. L'extrémité libre du joug 103 est ainsi en quelque sorte suspendue au navire 109 par les éléments de traction ou tirants 110.The body or floating object to be moored here consists for example of an icebreaker tanker 109, the preferably front part of which is connected, on each side, to the yoke 103 in particular respectively substantially at opposite transverse ends of its base 103 c ( that is to say at the end of its arms or lateral sides 103a, 103b) by two traction or suspension elements 110 articulated respectively by their lower end 111 to the yoke 103 and by their upper end 112 to the ship 109 in particular at a location below the waterline 113 of the ship, therefore at the hull's hull at a sufficient depth to always be below the possible layer of sea ice likely to surround the ship. The free end of the yoke 103 is thus in a way suspended from the ship 109 by the traction or tie rods 110.

La longueur de la base 103c du joug 103 est de préférence supérieure à la largeur ou dimension transversale du navire 109 à l'emplacement de raccordement 112 des éléments de traction 110 sur celui-ci, de sorte que ces éléments de traction sont inclinés sur le plan vertical médian longitudinal 114 du navire passant par le joint d'articulation 105 sur le dispositif d'ancrage et constituant ainsi sensiblement un plan de symétrie de l'ensemble du système (voir figure 2).The length of the base 103c of the yoke 103 is preferably greater than the width or transverse dimension of the vessel 109 at the connection location 112 of the traction elements 110 thereon, so that these traction elements are inclined on the longitudinal median vertical plane 114 of the vessel passing through the articulation joint 105 on the anchoring device and thus constituting substantially a plane of symmetry of the whole system (see Figure 2).

Les éléments de traction 110 sont situés normalement dans un même plan vertical transversal passant par la base 103 c du joug en l'absence de toute sollicitation exercée par la mer sur le navire, de sorte que la base 103c du joug est alors sensiblement horizontale. Si des glaces de mer (non représentées) tendent à repousser le navire 109 de façon à l'éloigner radialement de l'axe vertical du dispositif d'ancrage 105, le système articulé, composé du joug 103 et des éléments de traction 110, prend alors la configuration présentant en vue de profil la forme d'une ligne brisée tracée sur la figure 1 en ligne discontinue en traits interrompus 115, le point de liaison 112 venant alors en 112' et le joug 103 basculant autour de son axe d'articulation horizontal perpendiculaire au plan de la figure 1 de façon à pivoter vers le haut. Le contrepoids exerce alors une force de rappel sur le navire, tendant à le ramener dans sa position d'équilibre stable représentée sur la figure 1. Grâce à l'articulation triaxiale 105, le navire peut exécuter librement des mouvements respectivement de tangage, de roulis, de lacet et d'évitage.The traction elements 110 are normally located in the same transverse vertical plane passing through the base 103c of the yoke in the absence of any stress exerted by the sea on the ship, so that the base 103c of the yoke is then substantially horizontal. If sea ice (not shown) tends to push the ship 109 so as to move it radially away from the vertical axis of the anchoring device 105, the articulated system, composed of the yoke 103 and the traction elements 110, takes then the configuration having in profile view the shape of a broken line drawn in FIG. 1 in broken line in broken lines 115, the connection point 112 then coming in 112 ′ and the yoke 103 rocking around its axis of articulation horizontal perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 so as to pivot upwards. The counterweight then exerts a restoring force on the ship, tending to bring it back into its stable equilibrium position shown in FIG. 1. Thanks to the triaxial articulation 105, the ship can freely execute movements of pitch, roll respectively , lace and lace.

Dans l'océan glacial comportant des glaces de mer, chaque réservoir ballastable 108b sera rempli au moins partiellement d'eau de ballast pour alourdir le contrepoids 108 de façon appropriée tandis que, si ce système doit être utilisé en mer libre dépourvue de glaces de mer, le réservoir de ballastage 108b sera vidé au moins partiellement de son eau de ballast de façon à alléger le contrepoids 108 de façon appropriée correspondante.In the icy ocean comprising sea ice, each ballast tank 108b will be at least partially filled with ballast water to weigh down the counterweight 108 appropriately while, if this system must be used in open sea without sea ice, the ballast tank 108b will be at least partially emptied of its ballast water so as to lighten the counterweight 108 in an appropriate manner.

Chaque élément de traction 110 peut servir à supporter la tuyauterie de remplissage et de vidange du réservoir ballastable 108b correspondant ou bien forme lui-même cette tuyauterie en étant par exemple constitué par une conduite tubulaire de diamètre approprié.Each traction element 110 can be used to support the filling and emptying piping of the corresponding ballast tank 108b or else forms this piping itself, for example being constituted by a tubular pipe of appropriate diameter.

La variante d'exécution selon les figures 6 et 7 représente un système d'amarrage en mer relativement profonde, c'est-à-dire d'une profondeur locale excédant par exemple 150 m. Dans cette variante, l'extrémité 104 du joug 103 est articulée, par une articulation triaxiale ou sphérique telle qu'un joint universel ou de Cardan 116, au sommet d'une colonne oscillante 117 constamment immergée entièrement à une profondeur suffisante pour se trouver toujours en dessous de la couche de glace de mer pouvant éventuellement entourer le navire 109 sans gêner le passage de navires au-dessus de cette colonne (dont le sommet doit donc se trouver suffisamment loin en dessous de la quille du navire).The variant embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7 represents a mooring system in relatively deep sea, that is to say with a local depth exceeding for example 150 m. In this variant, the end 104 of the yoke 103 is articulated, by a triaxial or spherical articulation such as a universal joint or Cardan joint 116, at the top of an oscillating column 117 constantly submerged entirely at a sufficient depth to be always below the layer of sea ice which may possibly surround the ship 109 without interfering with the passage of ships above this column (the top of which must therefore be sufficiently far below the keel of the ship).

La colonne 117 comporte généralement un flotteur stabilisateur 118 à sa partie supérieure qui exerce une force de rappel constante sur la colonne, tendant à la redresser à la verticale. A son extrémité inférieure, la colonne 117 est articulée à l'embase 101 par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation formant de préférence joint universel ou de Cardan 119. Une telle colonne oscillante articulée est bien connue en soi et ne sera donc pas décrite davantage ici.The column 117 generally comprises a stabilizing float 118 at its upper part which exerts a constant restoring force on the column, tending to straighten it vertically. At its lower end, the column 117 is articulated to the base 101 by means of a joint preferably forming a universal joint or Cardan joint 119. Such a articulated oscillating column is well known per se and will therefore not be described further here.

En mer libre dépourvue de glaces, le navire 109 peut être relié au joug 103 par des éléments de traction 120-formant par exemple liens flexibles ou souples tels que des chaines articulées par leur extrémité supérieure à l'avant du navire 109 en des emplacements situés au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison 113 du navire.In open sea without ice, the ship 109 can be connected to the yoke 103 by traction elements 120-forming for example flexible or flexible links such as chains articulated by their upper end at the front of the ship 109 in locations located above the ship's waterline 113.

Par contre dans l'océan glacial arctique ou antarctique pouvant comporter des glaces de mer, la structure, constituée par le joug 103 et les éléments de traction 120, sera constituée comme cela a été décrit en corrélation avec le mode de réalisation selon les figures 1 à 3, les éléments de traction étant alors articulés à la carène sous la ligne de flottaison 113 du navire. En cas de système d'amarrage polyvalent, le contrepoids 108 sera à masse sélectivement réglable et présentera une structure analogue à celle décrite en corrélation avec le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 à 3.On the other hand, in the arctic or antarctic icy ocean which may include sea ice, the structure, constituted by the yoke 103 and the traction elements 120, will be constituted as has been described in correlation with the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 at 3, the traction elements then being articulated to the hull under the waterline 113 of the ship. In the case of a multipurpose mooring system, the counterweight 108 will have a selectively adjustable mass and will have a structure similar to that described in correlation with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

Dans tous les cas, le joug sera toujours entièrement immergé à une profondeur suffisante pour être toujours complètement situé en dessous de la couche de glace de mer éventuelle et à ne pas offrir d'obstacle gênant au passage du navire au-dessus de lui.In all cases, the yoke will always be fully submerged to a depth sufficient to be always completely located below the possible layer of sea ice and not to offer any obstructing obstacle to the passage of the ship above it.

Le système d'amarrage précité est conçu de façon à produire un découplage des mouvements à haute fréquence du navire dans la direction respectivement longitudinale et transversale en fonction de la position relative du joug 103. Le contrepoids est ajusté de façon à rendre optimales des charges minimales de pointe ainsi que la fatigue minimale des tuyauteries souples ou flexibles de liaison. Un grand avantage de ce système est qu'il permet de réaliser une force de rappel sensiblement linéaire, même en eau peu profonde.The above-mentioned mooring system is designed so as to produce a decoupling of the high-frequency movements of the vessel in the longitudinal and transverse directions respectively as a function of the relative position of the yoke 103. The counterweight is adjusted so as to make optimum minimum loads of peak as well as the minimum fatigue of flexible or flexible connecting pipes. A great advantage of this system is that it makes it possible to achieve a substantially linear restoring force, even in shallow water.

Bien entendu,l'invention n'est nullement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemple. En particulier, elle comprend tous les moyens constituants des équivalents techniques des moyens décrits, ainsi que leurs diverses combinaisons.Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and shown which have been given only by way of example. In particular, it includes all the means constituting the technical equivalents of the means described, as well as their various combinations.

Claims (15)

1. Système d'amarrage d'un corps flottant de grandes dimensions, du type comprenant une liaison résistant à la traction reliant ledit corps flottant à un dispositif d'ancrage au fond marin par l'intermédiaire d'une liaison rigide articulée au dispositif d'ancrage, un moyen formant contrepoids étant prévu au niveau de la connexion entre la liaison résistant à la traction rigide, caractérisé en ce que la liaison ou joug (5, 103) est une structure en forme de triangle ayant son sommet relié au dispositif d'ancrage (2, 101) par une articulation à trois axes de rotation et en ce que.la liaison (4, 110, 120) résistant à la traction comprend deux éléments reliés, d'une part, directement de chaque côté du corps flottant (1, 109) et, d'autre part, respectivement au niveau des deux extrémités de la partie (51, 103c) formant base de la structure triangulaire totalement immergée.1. Mooring system of a large floating body, of the type comprising a traction-resistant connection connecting said floating body to a device for anchoring to the seabed by means of a rigid connection articulated to the device d anchoring, a means forming a counterweight being provided at the connection between the connection resistant to rigid traction, characterized in that the connection or yoke (5, 103) is a triangle-shaped structure having its apex connected to the device anchoring (2, 101) by an articulation with three axes of rotation and in that the connection (4, 110, 120) resistant to traction comprises two elements connected, on the one hand, directly to each side of the floating body (1, 109) and, on the other hand, respectively at the two ends of the part (51, 103c) forming the base of the totally submerged triangular structure. 2. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen formant contrepoids (6) précité est fixé solidairement à la partie (51) formant base triangulaire (51) précitée.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-mentioned counterweight means (6) is fixedly attached to the part (51) forming the aforementioned triangular base (51). 3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le moyen formant contrepoids (6) est obtenu par coulage d'un métal lourd dans la partie (51) en forme de tube rigide.3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the counterweight means (6) is obtained by casting a heavy metal in the part (51) in the form of a rigid tube. 4. Système selon 1:'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'articulation précitée est une articulation à la cardan.4. System according to 1: 'one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned joint is a cardan joint. 5. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les deux éléments (4) précités de la liaison résistant à la traction sont des chaînes.5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two aforementioned elements (4) of the tensile resistant link are chains. 6. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les deux éléments (4) précités de la liaison résistant à la traction dont des bras rigides articulés à la liaison rigide (5) précitée.6. System according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the two aforementioned elements (4) of the traction-resistant connection including rigid arms articulated to the aforementioned rigid connection (5). 7. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'ancrage (2) précité est du type à embase-poids fixée ou reposant sur le fond marin.7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the above-mentioned anchoring device (2) is of the weight-base type fixed or resting on the seabed. 8. Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'un joint tournant (7) est monté sur le dispositif d'ancrage (2) pour le transfert d'un fluide entre une conduite prévue sur le fond marin et le corps flottant (1) par l'intermédiaire de conduites (8), (9), (10), et (12).8. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rotary joint (7) is mounted on the anchoring device (2) for the transfer of a fluid between a pipe provided on the seabed and the body floating (1) via conduits (8), (9), (10), and (12). 9. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les conduites précitées comprennent au moins une conduite rigide (8) reliée, d'une part, à la sortie du joint tournant (7), et, d'autre part, à une conduite rigide (10) supportée par la liaison rigide (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau de raccord souple (9), la conduite rigide (10) étant reliée à une conduite rigide du corps flottant par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau de raccord flexible (11).9. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the aforementioned pipes comprise at least one rigid pipe (8) connected, on the one hand, to the outlet of the rotary joint (7), and, on the other hand, to a rigid pipe (10) supported by the rigid connection (5) by means of a flexible connection pipe (9), the rigid pipe (10) being connected to a rigid pipe of the floating body by means of a flexible connection pipe (11). 10. Système d'amarrage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le contrepoids (108) précité est à masse arbitrairement variable par réglage sélectif.10. Mooring system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the aforementioned counterweight (108) has an arbitrarily variable mass by selective adjustment. 11. Système selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le contrepoids précité (108) se compose d'une partie à masse fixe ou constante (108a) et d'une partie formant réservoir ou flotteur sélectivement ballastable (108b).11. System according to claim 10, characterized in that the aforementioned counterweight (108) consists of a part with fixed or constant mass (108a) and a part forming a selectively ballastable reservoir or float (108b). 12. Système selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de traction précités (110) sont reliés au corps flottant précité (109) en dessous de la ligne de flottaison (103) ou à la carène de celui-ci à une profondeur suffisante sous l'eau pour que leurs emplacements de liaison (112) au corps flottant (109) soient toujours situés sous la couche de glace de mer éventuelle.12. System according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the aforementioned traction elements (110) are connected to the aforementioned floating body (109) below the waterline (103) or to the hull thereof at a sufficient depth underwater so that their connection locations (112) to the floating body (109) are always located under the possible layer of sea ice. 13. Système selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que chacun des deux éléments de traction précités (110) sert de support aux tuyauteries de passage d'eau de ballast ou est constitué par une conduite tubulaire de passage d'eau de ballast débouchant à sa partie extrême inférieure (111) dans le réservoir ballastable précité (108b) et communiquant à sa partie extrême supérieure (112) avec des moyens d'amenée et d'enlèvement d'eau de ballast.13. System according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that each of the aforementioned two traction elements (110) serves to support the pipes for passing ballast water or is constituted by a tubular pipe for passing ballast water opening at its lower end (111) into the aforementioned ballast tank (108b) and communicating at its upper end (112) with means for supplying and removing ballast water. 14. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'ancrage précité se compose d'une embase (101) reposant ou fixée sur le fond marin (102) et d'une colonne oscillante (117) constamment immergée entièrement, articulée par son extrémité inférieure (119) à ladite embase (101), de préférence par un joint universel ou de Cardan et pourvu d'un flotteur (118) à sa partie extrême supérieure, ledit joug (103) étant articulé au sommet (116) de ladite colonne (117).14. System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the aforementioned anchoring device consists of a base (101) resting or fixed on the seabed (102) and an oscillating column (117 ) constantly fully submerged, articulated by its lower end (119) to said base (101), preferably by a universal joint or Cardan joint and provided with a float (118) at its upper end, said yoke (103) being articulated at the top (116) of said column (117). 15. Système selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par un contrepoids de lestage (108) et des éléments de traction (110) selon l'une des revendications 10 à 1315. System according to claim 14, characterized by a ballast counterweight (108) and traction elements (110) according to one of claims 10 to 13
EP84401804A 1983-09-14 1984-09-12 Mooring system for large floating bodies, particularly at sea Withdrawn EP0135445A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8314640 1983-09-14
FR8314640A FR2551721B2 (en) 1983-09-14 1983-09-14 LOCKING SYSTEM FOR A BODY FLOATING LARGE DIMENSIONS ESPECIALLY AT SEA

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EP0135445A1 true EP0135445A1 (en) 1985-03-27

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0960810A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-01 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Transfer pipe system
WO1999062762A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-09 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Transfer pipe system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1421700A (en) * 1964-12-16 1965-12-17 Fmc Corp Installation of mooring of a vessel and transfer of a fluid
FR2159703A5 (en) * 1971-11-09 1973-06-22 Emh
FR2420475A1 (en) * 1978-03-24 1979-10-19 Emh Mooring system of a floating body such as a ship
EP0079404A1 (en) * 1981-11-17 1983-05-25 Bluewater Terminal Systems N.V. A single point mooring buoy with rigid arm
EP0096119A1 (en) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-21 Bluewater Terminal Systems N.V. A rigid arm single point mooring system for vessels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1421700A (en) * 1964-12-16 1965-12-17 Fmc Corp Installation of mooring of a vessel and transfer of a fluid
FR2159703A5 (en) * 1971-11-09 1973-06-22 Emh
FR2420475A1 (en) * 1978-03-24 1979-10-19 Emh Mooring system of a floating body such as a ship
EP0079404A1 (en) * 1981-11-17 1983-05-25 Bluewater Terminal Systems N.V. A single point mooring buoy with rigid arm
EP0096119A1 (en) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-21 Bluewater Terminal Systems N.V. A rigid arm single point mooring system for vessels

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0960810A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-01 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Transfer pipe system
WO1999062762A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-09 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Transfer pipe system
US6394154B1 (en) 1998-05-29 2002-05-28 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Transfer pipe system

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FR2551721B2 (en) 1988-12-09
DE135445T1 (en) 1985-08-14
FR2551721A2 (en) 1985-03-15

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