EP0096121A1 - Längliche Baukörper aus gemischtem Holzmaterial - Google Patents
Längliche Baukörper aus gemischtem Holzmaterial Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0096121A1 EP0096121A1 EP82302882A EP82302882A EP0096121A1 EP 0096121 A1 EP0096121 A1 EP 0096121A1 EP 82302882 A EP82302882 A EP 82302882A EP 82302882 A EP82302882 A EP 82302882A EP 0096121 A1 EP0096121 A1 EP 0096121A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elongate
- panels
- structural member
- wood
- member according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/36—Columns; Pillars; Struts of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34; of a combination of two or more materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
- E04H12/04—Structures made of specified materials of wood
Definitions
- the present invention relates to composite wood material and more particularly to the construction of elongate structural members such as utility poles, pilings, cross-ties and cross-arms from composite wood material.
- structural members can possess strength properties as good as or better than similar structures comprised of high-grade solid wood and can be manufactured at a cost making them competitive with such solid wood structures.
- an elongate structural member characterised in that it comprises a plurality of elongate panels fixedly joined together to form an elongate central cavity, said elongate panels each being comprised of a plurality of wood particles intermixed with a suitable binder and compressed to form a densified product.
- adjacent lateral edges of adjacent panels are adhesively bonded together.
- the grain direction of the wood flakes extends parallel to their longitudinal axis, and substantially all of the elongate wood flakes are aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate structural member and define generally parallel planes.
- One of the advantages of the invention is that it provides a source of wood poles or other elongate structural members independent of a supply of high strength solid wood.
- Another of the advantages of the invention is that it can provide a suitable product at less cost.
- a 40-foot (12.2 metres) utility pole produced in accordance of the invention may cost 30% less than a similar solid wood pole, and that the cost differentation increases with the length of the pole required such that an eighty foot (24.4 metres) composite wood utility pole may cost 55% less than a similar solid wood pole.
- a further advantage of the invention is that it permits use of wood species which are otherwise of little commercial value. Although solid wood of different species exhibits vastly different strength properties, it has been found that the composite wood material products of the invention and made from lower strength wood species are not necessarily weaker than those produced from stronger wood species. Accordingly, wood species which would normally have little structural importance can be used advantageously.
- FIG. 1 is an elongate structural member 10 comprised of composite wood material and defining an elongate hollow tapered pole of the type used as a utility pole, piling, or in another similar application.
- the elongate structural member 10 is constructed of a plurality of elongate component panels 14, the panels 14 being comprised of composite wood material.
- the panels 14 are illustrated as each being comprised of a plurality of planar layers 18 of composite wood material laminated together, the layers 18 being secured together by an interface adhesive.
- the panels 14 so formed are mitered or otherwise cut to shape and combined to form a composite wood pole.
- the respective elongate lateral edges 20 of the panels 14 are joined together by an interface adhesive to thereby join the panels 14 in an octagonal shape as illustrated in Figure 4.
- the construction of the composite wood pole 10 is further shown in Figure 5, wherein the panels 14 are shown as being comprised of a plurality of planar composite wood material layers 18 of successively increasing lengths such that the thickness of each of the panels 14 tapers from the base portion of the pole 10 toward the upper end of the pole, the portions of the elongate panels 14 at the base portion of the illustrated pole 10 having a thickness of six layers 18 of composite material and the upper portions of the panels 14 being comprised of a single layer 18 of composite wood material.
- the layers 18 of the panels 14, in the preferred embodiment of the invention are comprised of composite wood material formed from wood flakes 22 ( Figure 6) intermixed with a suitable binder material and compressed in a suitable press.
- the compressed product is formed by constructing a loosely felted mat of wood flakes having been mixed with a binder material and may be constructed using the operating conditions used in the manufacture of conventional particle board. More particularly, the mat is formed by disposing the wood flakes 22 such that the planes of the flakes 22 are generally parallel to the plane of the mat and with substantially all of the flakes being aligned as illustrated in Figure 6 such that the longitudinal axes of the flakes are generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate structural component to be formed.
- the wood flakes 22 are to be aligned so as to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate panel 14 or the layer 18 being formed.
- the flakes 22 each have a grain direction extending generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flakes. Alignment of the flakes thus results in alignment of the wood grain of the flakes with the longitudinal axis of the structural member or pole 10 in a manner similar to a solid wood pole.
- the pole 10 may have a more uniform grain direction than that of a solid wood pole, since such wood has innate grain inconsistencies such as knots and the like.
- Wood flakes 22 of the type forming the layers 18 are conveniently formed using a conventional ring flaker or a round wood flaker to commutate small logs, branches, or rough pulp wood and form suitably shaped flakes 22.
- the wood flakes 22 have a length of from 0.5 to 3.5 inches (1.27 to 8.89 cms), a width of 0.1 to 0.5 inches (0.25 to 1.27 cms), and a thickness of 0.01 to 0.05 inches (0.025 to 0.127 cms). Additionally it is preferred that the ratio of the average length of the flakes to the average width of the flakes be from about 4:1 to about 10:1.
- An example of a convenient flake geometry is the use of flakes having a length of approximately 1.6 inches (4.06 cms), a thickness of approximately 0.02 inches (0.05 cms) and a width of 0.2 to 0.5 inches (0.5 to 1.27 cms).
- a convenient binder for use in the manufacture of the panels 14 can comprise phenol-formaldehyde or an isocyanate adhesive. It has been found that an 8% resin solids composition of such binder, based on oven-dry flake weight gives satisfactory strength properties to the resultant elongate structure. To maximize coverage of the flakes, the binder may be applied by spraying droplets of the binder in liquid form on to the flakes.
- the wood flakes may also be treated or mixed with a suitable biocide.
- suitable biocides include pentachlorophenol, creosote, chromated copper arsenate and ammoniacal copper arsenate.
- the elongate pole 10 is shown as having an octagonal cross-sectional configuration, it should be understood that the pole could alternatively have a circular cross-sectional configuration as illustrated in Figure 9 or a hexagonal cross-sectional configuration as shown in Figure 10.
- a circular configuration could be produced by constructing the pole from a plurality of elongate panels 30, each of the panels 30 being formed to have an arcuate cross-sectional configuration. The panels 30 could then be arranged such that their edges could be adhesively joined to adjacent edges of adjacent similar panels 30, the panels thus forming an elongate central cavity.
- the respective panels 14 of the elongate pole 10 are conveniently fixedly joined together by any high strength adhesive such as resorcinol, an isocyanate adhesive, or other adhesives suitable for bonding wood products, it is contemplated that the panels 14 could also be joined together by splines 32 as illustrated in Figure 11 or by a combination of splines 32 and an adhesive.
- any high strength adhesive such as resorcinol, an isocyanate adhesive, or other adhesives suitable for bonding wood products
- FIG 7 illustrates another alternative embodiment of an elongate structural member 34 constructed in accordance with the present invention.
- the elongate structural member or pole 34 shown therein is constructed in the same manner as the elongate structural member 10 shown in Figures 1 and 4-5 except that the elongate panels 36 of the pole 34 are monolithic one-piece composite wood panels rather than laminated panels 14.
- the elongate panels 36 forming the elongate pole 34 are similar to panels 14 in that they are comprised of composite wood material formed of elongate wood flakes 22 defining parallel planes and having longitudinal axes generally parallel to the longitudinal axes of the panels 36.
- the elongate pole 34 further includes a plurality of longitudinally spaced apart rigid planar octagonal diaphragms 38 housed in the elongate central cavity 39 of the pole 34 and intended to increase the strength of the pole.
- the octagonal diaphragms 38 could be comprised of a plurality of materials, in a preferred form of the invention, the octagonal diaphragms 38 are comprised of composite wood material such as that comprising the panels 36.
- FIG 2 Illustrated in Figure 2 is another alternative embodiment of an elongate structural member embodying the invention.
- the elongate structural member 40 shown therein comprises a hollow elongate cross arm of the type commonly employed with utility poles and used to support telephone lines or power lines. More particularly, the cross beam 40 is comprised of four planar elongate panels 42 each comprised of composite wood material produced in the manner described above. The elongate panels 42 are arranged in the manner shown in cross section in Figure 3 and are fixedly joined together by a suitable interface adhesive 44 of the type previously described. It should be understood that the panels 42 could also be secured together by other suitable joining means.
- the elongate panels 42 of the structural member 40 are comprised of elongate wood flakes aligned such that substantially all of the flakes are positioned with their longitudinal axis generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate panels and with the flakes oriented so as to define planes substantially parallel to the plane of the elongate panel defined by the flakes.
- FIG 12 illustrates a further alternative embodiment of an elongate structural member according to the invention, the elongate structural member 50 shown therein being comprised of a plurality of longitudinal section 52, 54 and 56 mutually arranged in telescoping relationship.
- Each of the telescoping sections 52, 54 and 56 is comprised of a plurality of elongate panels 58, the panels 58 being fixedly joined together in such a manner as to form an elongate central cavity.
- the panels 58 are also comprised of elongate wood flakes aligned such that substantially all of the flakes of the panels are positioned with their longitudinal axis generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate panels and the longitudinal axis of the elongate structural member 50.
- Figure 13 illustrates a further alternative embodiment of an elongate structural member according to the invention, similar to that of Figure 5 but which includes means for providing structural reinforcement for the panels 14 forming the pole and for further bonding the panels 14 together.
- This means comprises a foam material 24 poured or injected into the central elongate cavity 26 formed by the panels, the foam material 24 filling at least a portion of the elongate cavity 26.
- the foam material 24 can conveniently comprise a foam-in-place risla polyurethane
- polyurethane foam which can be poured into the elongate central cavity 26 as a pourable liquid and which will then foam so as to form a rigid core filling the pole.
- the rigidity of the polyurethane foam core provides structural support for the elongate structure formed by the panels 14, and the polyurethane foam will also form an adhesive bond with the inner planar surfaces 28 of the panels 14 and will thus act as an additional means for bonding the panels 14 together and for preventing them from separating.
- An example of a suitable polyurethane foam is BAYTHERM 851 produced by Mobay Chemical Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As is conventional, the polyurethane foam is made by mixing two liquid components, whereupon the liquid material foams and cures at room temperature to form a rigid foam 24.
- the density of the resultant rigid polyurethane foam can be varied in a conventional manner by varying the quantities of the two components combined, it has been found that a suitable density is 2lbs/ft 3 (32 kg/m 3 ).
- the rigidity of the foam and the reinforcing strength of the foam can be increased by increasing the density of the foam used.
- a pole having increased strength may be produced by employing foam having a density of 5lbs/ft 3 (80 kg/m 3 ), but the expense of the pole increases due to the increase in the amount of foam material used.
- polyurethane foam material in the elongate cavity 26 has a closed cell structure and thereby does not readily absorb moisture and provides an effective barrier to movement of moisture in the pole interior.
- the foam material 24 has been described as comprising polyurethane, in other embodiments, the foam material could comprise other suitable foam-in-place materials. It is preferred, however, that the material have the properties of inhibiting the movement of moisture into the pole, and that it so form a bond with the panels to thereby provide structural rigidity or reinforcement to the pole. It is also preferred that the foam material be a rigid foam rather than a flexible foam so that the rigid foam provides structural support for the pole. In a preferred form of the invention it is also desirable that the foam material selected have the property of curing at room temperature. Though other foam materials can be used, manufacturing costs can be reduced if heating of the foam material to effect curing can be avoided. In other alternative forms, filler materials such as wood chips, saw dust, wood strands or the like could also be mixed into the liquid material poured into the cavity 26 to form the rigid foam.
- filler materials such as wood chips, saw dust, wood strands or the like could also be mixed into the liquid material poured into the cavity 26 to form the rigid foam.
- foam material 24 in the lower end of the pole 10 will be particularly effective for inhibiting movement of moisture into the pole.
- the foam material 24 in the upper end of the pole 10 provides reinforcement of that end of the pole which is intended to support utility pole cross-arms or the like.
- means can also be provided for filling at least a portion of the elongate central cavity 46 of the cross-arm, the means for filling also functioning to provide structure reinforcement or support for the elongate panels 42 forming the cross-arm and to provide means for further bonding the panels 42 together.
- the means for filling includes a rigid foam material 48 which can be poured or injected into the central elongate cavity 46 defined by the elongate panels. It is preferred that the foam material 48 hve the property of forming an adhesive bond with the internal surfaces 50 of the panels as previously described so that the internal foam material 48 will bond the panels together. As previously described, one preferred foam material having this property and also providing structural rigidity is a rigid polyurethane foam.
- the rigid foam material is placed in the cross-arm by positioning the cross-arm vertically, whereupon the polyurethane foam can be poured in its liquid state into the cross-arm. This material will then foam-in-place to fill the elongate central cavity of the cross-arm and will cure to form a rigid core for the cross-arm.
- the polyurethane could also be injected into the cavity 46 using a conventional foam injection nozzle arrangement.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP82302882A EP0096121B1 (de) | 1982-06-04 | 1982-06-04 | Längliche Baukörper aus gemischtem Holzmaterial |
AT82302882T ATE25414T1 (de) | 1982-06-04 | 1982-06-04 | Laengliche baukoerper aus gemischtem holzmaterial. |
DE8282302882T DE3275395D1 (en) | 1982-06-04 | 1982-06-04 | Elongate structural members comprised of composite wood material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP82302882A EP0096121B1 (de) | 1982-06-04 | 1982-06-04 | Längliche Baukörper aus gemischtem Holzmaterial |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0096121A1 true EP0096121A1 (de) | 1983-12-21 |
EP0096121B1 EP0096121B1 (de) | 1987-02-04 |
Family
ID=8189691
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82302882A Expired EP0096121B1 (de) | 1982-06-04 | 1982-06-04 | Längliche Baukörper aus gemischtem Holzmaterial |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0096121B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE25414T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3275395D1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0202612A2 (de) * | 1985-05-23 | 1986-11-26 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verleimter Brettschichtholzträger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
RU2484221C1 (ru) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-06-10 | Антон Викторович Хрипко | Способ изготовления башенного сооружения облегченного типа |
WO2014031066A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Forsnäs Form Ab | Pole |
EP3056635A1 (de) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-08-17 | MERK Timber GmbH | Turm für eine Windkraftanlage und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202012100412U1 (de) * | 2011-09-01 | 2012-12-05 | Induo Gesellschaft Zur Verwertung Von Schutzrechten Mbh & Co. Kg | Mastanordnung |
DE102014119610A1 (de) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Paul Reichartz | Segmentierter Mast oder Stütze |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE867907C (de) * | 1950-09-16 | 1954-03-15 | Gerhard Freiherr Von Poelnitz | Mast fuer Stromleitungszwecke |
GB745540A (en) * | 1953-03-12 | 1956-02-29 | Thomas John Ebdon | Improvements in or relating to lamp standards or lamp posts for use in street, road or similar lighting |
DE950237C (de) * | 1952-02-14 | 1956-10-04 | Hermann Gewecke Dr Ing | Holzmast, insbesondere fuer elektrische Aussenleitungen |
US2824342A (en) * | 1953-06-16 | 1958-02-25 | Timber Engineering Co | Fabricated pole |
US3956555A (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1976-05-11 | Potlatch Corporation | Load carrying member constructed of oriented wood strands and process for making same |
FR2348345A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-11-10 | Chambriard Ets Paul | Poteau creux pour usage public |
WO1980002709A1 (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-11 | H Berge | Wooden pole for power lines or the like,and machine for producing same |
WO1981000585A1 (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1981-03-05 | Larsson B | Wooden girder for building purpose |
US4255477A (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1981-03-10 | Holman John A | Artificial board of lumber |
DE3010141A1 (de) * | 1980-03-15 | 1981-09-24 | Bison element Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3454 Bevern | Bauelement, insbesondere platte, brett, balken o.dgl. |
FR2479877A1 (fr) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-09 | Golay Roger Sa Scierie | Madrier composite pour la construction de chalets |
EP0062139A2 (de) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-10-13 | Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University | Aus Holzmaterialgemischen gebildete längliche Strukturkörper |
-
1982
- 1982-06-04 AT AT82302882T patent/ATE25414T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-06-04 EP EP82302882A patent/EP0096121B1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-06-04 DE DE8282302882T patent/DE3275395D1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE867907C (de) * | 1950-09-16 | 1954-03-15 | Gerhard Freiherr Von Poelnitz | Mast fuer Stromleitungszwecke |
DE950237C (de) * | 1952-02-14 | 1956-10-04 | Hermann Gewecke Dr Ing | Holzmast, insbesondere fuer elektrische Aussenleitungen |
GB745540A (en) * | 1953-03-12 | 1956-02-29 | Thomas John Ebdon | Improvements in or relating to lamp standards or lamp posts for use in street, road or similar lighting |
US2824342A (en) * | 1953-06-16 | 1958-02-25 | Timber Engineering Co | Fabricated pole |
US3956555A (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1976-05-11 | Potlatch Corporation | Load carrying member constructed of oriented wood strands and process for making same |
FR2348345A1 (fr) * | 1976-04-16 | 1977-11-10 | Chambriard Ets Paul | Poteau creux pour usage public |
US4255477A (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1981-03-10 | Holman John A | Artificial board of lumber |
WO1980002709A1 (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-11 | H Berge | Wooden pole for power lines or the like,and machine for producing same |
WO1981000585A1 (en) * | 1979-08-23 | 1981-03-05 | Larsson B | Wooden girder for building purpose |
DE3010141A1 (de) * | 1980-03-15 | 1981-09-24 | Bison element Bähre & Greten GmbH & Co KG, 3454 Bevern | Bauelement, insbesondere platte, brett, balken o.dgl. |
FR2479877A1 (fr) * | 1980-04-03 | 1981-10-09 | Golay Roger Sa Scierie | Madrier composite pour la construction de chalets |
EP0062139A2 (de) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-10-13 | Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University | Aus Holzmaterialgemischen gebildete längliche Strukturkörper |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0202612A2 (de) * | 1985-05-23 | 1986-11-26 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verleimter Brettschichtholzträger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
EP0202612A3 (de) * | 1985-05-23 | 1987-09-02 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Verleimter Brettschichtholzträger und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
RU2484221C1 (ru) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-06-10 | Антон Викторович Хрипко | Способ изготовления башенного сооружения облегченного типа |
WO2014031066A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | Forsnäs Form Ab | Pole |
EP3056635A1 (de) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-08-17 | MERK Timber GmbH | Turm für eine Windkraftanlage und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3275395D1 (en) | 1987-03-12 |
EP0096121B1 (de) | 1987-02-04 |
ATE25414T1 (de) | 1987-02-15 |
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