EP0094876A1 - Recuperative heat exchanger with a combined convection and radiation effect - Google Patents

Recuperative heat exchanger with a combined convection and radiation effect Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094876A1
EP0094876A1 EP83400955A EP83400955A EP0094876A1 EP 0094876 A1 EP0094876 A1 EP 0094876A1 EP 83400955 A EP83400955 A EP 83400955A EP 83400955 A EP83400955 A EP 83400955A EP 0094876 A1 EP0094876 A1 EP 0094876A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exchange
zone
gas
exchanger according
module
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83400955A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Serge Galant
Didier Grouset
Ginés Martinez
Jean-Charles M. J. Mulet
Denis Demeure de Beyris Rebuffat
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Bertin Technologies SAS
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Bertin et Cie SA
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Publication of EP0094876A1 publication Critical patent/EP0094876A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/02—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by influencing fluid boundary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a convective radiative heat exchanger, an exchange gas passing through compartments arranged one behind the other, each compartment being divided according to its height into zones, a zone receiving the exchange gas, comprising a wall, having openings, separating it from another zone comprising an exchange surface disposed opposite the wall, the gas passing from one zone to another and from one compartment to another.
  • Heat transfer gas exchangers generally have a low efficiency, due to the fact that the gas flows parallel to the hot surface and that a very small part of the gas flow comes into contact with the exchange surface.
  • Hot gas flowing against the current and from the other side tee of the exchange surface also meets a partition which deflects it towards this surface, the change in direction of the gas flows, relative to the exchange surface, eliminates the layer at low speed and allows better heat exchange.
  • the exchanger is formed by a tube of rectangular section, one wall of which constitutes the exchange surface.
  • the length of the tube is divided into compartments.
  • Each compartment is divided into two zones by an inclined partition facing the exchange surface, and defining in the direction of circulation of the exchange gas, a first zone of decreasing height.
  • the second zone communicates with the first by a longitudinal slot in the partition, a slot whose edges are extended by blanks, directed towards the exchange surface.
  • jets or vortices of fluid improves thermal transfer by convection, but in high temperature exchangers, a non-negligible part of the heat is transferred by radiation.
  • the exchange by radiation is particularly reduced and the efficiency of the exchanger is all the more limited.
  • the radiation contributes to the heating of the external walls of the cooling circuit which exchange with the ambient environment, without allowing recovery and therefore valid cooling.
  • the exchanger according to the invention not only improves heat exchange by convection, thanks to the impact of the jets, but also by radiation.
  • the thermal radiation coming from the exchange surface is stopped by one (or more) radiative exchange wall, parallel to the exchange wall separating the hot gases from the cold gases.
  • the two exchange walls determine a channel in which the cold or hot gas circulates, against the current. This technology is particularly well suited for making a ceramic material.
  • the heat recovery exchanger with convecto-radiative effect comprises two modules 1 and 2, arranged one behind re the other.
  • Each module comprises two compartments ( Figure 2), 3, 4 arranged one above the other and separated by an exchange wall 5.
  • the compartments receive one hot gas and the other cold gas , which come into contact with the surfaces of the exchange wall where they undergo by convective exchange a variation of their enthalpy.
  • the compartments have a truncated prism shape and are symmetrical with respect to the exchange wall 5.
  • Each compartment is divided into three zones parallel to the surface of the exchange wall: a gas inlet zone 6, a zone distribution 7 and an exchange zone 8.
  • the gas inlet zone is furthest from the exchange surface 5, and the gas inlet pipe 9 is disposed near the base of the prism.
  • the gas outlet 10 is provided at the truncated top of the prism, at the end of the exchange zone 8.
  • the compartment 3 of the module 1 is in series with the compartment 11 of the module 2.
  • the compartment 12, symmetrical of the compartment 11 with respect to the exchange wall 50 of the module 2, is in series with compartment 4 of module 1.
  • Compartment 12 also includes an inlet pipe 9 for gas.
  • the gas inlet area 6 is separated from the distribution area 7 by a perforated screen 14, made up of spaced blades.
  • the distribution zone 7 is separated from the exchange zone 8 by a radiative exchange plate 15, comprising circular or elongated openings to form gas jets directed towards the exchange plate 5.
  • the openings of the plate 15 are slots directed in the direction of flow of the gas and are arranged in two rows 16, 17, the slots of a row being offset by a half distance this compared to the slots in the other row.
  • the openings are directed perpendicularly to the slots of the radiative exchange plate 15.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to avoid preferential thermal leaks and to make the coefficient of homogeneous exchange.
  • the length of the blades being relatively large with respect to the width, they are held at their middle part by a blade support 19, resting at least in part on the radiative exchange plate 15 (FIG. 5).
  • the triangular shaped support has parallel to one of its sides, elongated openings 19 through which the blades pass.
  • a module 1 or 2 consists of two lateral flanges 20 ( Figure 4): a right flange and a left flange.
  • the flanges are in the shape of a parallelogram and carry grooves or housings in their thickness, intended to hold the plates and screens.
  • a central groove 21, approximately diagonal, is provided to receive the ends of the convective exchange plate 5.
  • Parallel to at least one small side of the parallelogram is provided a groove 24 into which the grooves 22 and 23 open.
  • the groove 24 itself opens into the groove 21 of the convective exchange plate 5, forming the separation between the compartments in which the hot and cold gases circulate.
  • the groove 24 is intended to hold the end partition 25.
  • a groove or a recess 26 is provided parallel to the edges of long sides of the parallelogram and is intended to receive the upper and lower partitions 27 and 28, the partition 27 possibly carrying the gas inlet 9.
  • the grooves provided on the short sides of the parallelogram differ from side to side.
  • the housing or groove receiving the partition 29, separating the compartment 4 of the module 1 from the neighboring compartment 30 of the module 2, is formed by half on each edge, during the symmetrical assembly of the modules 1 and 2.
  • the partitions 25 and 29 carry longitudinal grooves to hold the plates 5 and 15 and the screen 14.
  • an assembly stud 31 is provided which is placed in a recess 32 and thus extends the grooves 21 and 22 of the flange of the first module.
  • the assembly of a two-module exchanger, as described in the invention, is carried out in a simple manner.
  • the perforated screen 14 is assembled by introducing the bars into the openings 19 of the support 18, then by sliding the ends of the bars into the housings 23 of the flanges.
  • the flanges, constituting the other side of the exchanger, are placed on the ends of the plates.
  • the exchanger is closed by fitting the walls 27 and 28. These walls are formed of standardized elements allowing an easy modification of the gas inlets.
  • the set of two modules forming the exchanger is surrounded by a thermal insulator 33 (FIG. 1), and the whole with a metal casing 34.
  • the elements constituting the modules of the exchanger are formed from a ceramic material, having good thermal conductivity and resistant well to thermal shock, such as for example silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, stabilized zirconia, cordierite, etc.
  • the cold gas enters via the inlet pipe 90 in the lower compartment of the module 2 and follows a path similar to that of the hot gas but against the current, and it leaves the module 1, warmed, by the outlet 36.
  • the manufacture of the exchanger in modular form and with standardized elements allows simple extension of the elements by stacking and coupling the inputs and outputs of the various modules.
  • the characteristics of a module suitable for recovery on a metallurgical furnace are provided below to preheat the combustion air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Exchanger consisting of at least one module (1, 2) comprising two compartments (3, 4), in the shape of a truncated prism, arranged on either side of an exchange surface (5). Each compartment is divided into three zones; a fluid-inlet zone (6), a distribution zone (7) and an exchange zone (8). The gas-inlet zone is furthest from the exchange surface (5). The outlet of the gas (10) is provided in the exchange zone (8), at the truncated top of the prism. According to one illustrative embodiment, two modules (1, 2) form an exchanger. The modules consist of side covers and of plates housed in grooves of the covers. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à effet convecto-radiatif, un gaz d'échange traversant des compartiments disposés les uns derrière les autres, chaque compartiment étant divisé selon sa hauteur en zones, une zone recevant le gaz d'échange, comportant une paroi, présentant des ouvertures, la séparant d'une autre zone comportant une surface d'échange disposée en face de la paroi, le gaz passant d'une zone à l'autre et d'un compartiment à l'autre.The invention relates to a convective radiative heat exchanger, an exchange gas passing through compartments arranged one behind the other, each compartment being divided according to its height into zones, a zone receiving the exchange gas, comprising a wall, having openings, separating it from another zone comprising an exchange surface disposed opposite the wall, the gas passing from one zone to another and from one compartment to another.

Les échangeurs à gaz caloporteur ont généralement un faible rendement, dû au fait que le gaz s'écoule parallèlement à la surface chaude et qu'une très faible partie du flux gazeux vient en contact de la surface d'échange.Heat transfer gas exchangers generally have a low efficiency, due to the fact that the gas flows parallel to the hot surface and that a very small part of the gas flow comes into contact with the exchange surface.

Afin d'augmenter le rendement, plusieurs solutions ont été adoptées. C'est ainsi que le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique 3.450.199 propose un compartiment divisé dans le sens de la hauteur, par une cloison oblique comportant des orifices. Le gaz froid est dévié vers la surface d' échange par les ouvertures de la cloison.In order to increase yield, several solutions have been adopted. Thus, the patent of the United States of America 3,450,199 proposes a compartment divided in the direction of the height, by an oblique partition comprising orifices. The cold gas is deflected to the exchange surface through the openings in the partition.

Le gaz chaud circulant à contre-courant et de l'autre côté de la surface d'échange, rencontre également une cloison qui le dévie vers cette surface, le changement de direction des flux de gaz, par rapport à la surface d' échange, élimine la couche à faible vitesse et permet un meilleur échange calorifique.Hot gas flowing against the current and from the other side tee of the exchange surface, also meets a partition which deflects it towards this surface, the change in direction of the gas flows, relative to the exchange surface, eliminates the layer at low speed and allows better heat exchange.

Un autre type d'échangeur est décrit dans le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique n° 3 771 589 dans lequel le fluide d'échange est amené à prendre un mouvement tourbillonnaire.Another type of exchanger is described in US Pat. No. 3,771,589 in which the exchange fluid is caused to take on a vortex movement.

L'échangeur est formé d'un tube de section rectangulaire, dont une paroi constitue la surface d'échange. Le tube est divisé selon sa longueur en compartiments. Chaque compartiment est partagé en deux zones par une cloison inclinée faisant face à la surface d'échange, et définissant dans le sens de circulation du gaz d'échange, une première zone de hauteur décroissante.The exchanger is formed by a tube of rectangular section, one wall of which constitutes the exchange surface. The length of the tube is divided into compartments. Each compartment is divided into two zones by an inclined partition facing the exchange surface, and defining in the direction of circulation of the exchange gas, a first zone of decreasing height.

La deuxième zone communique avec la première par une fente longitudinale dans la cloison, fente dont les bords sont prolongés par des flans, dirigés vers la surface d'échange. Le=,gaz d'échange passe par la fente et est canalisé par les flans vers la surface d'échange contre laquelle il s'échappe en tourbillonnant.The second zone communicates with the first by a longitudinal slot in the partition, a slot whose edges are extended by blanks, directed towards the exchange surface. The = , exchange gas passes through the slot and is channeled by the blanks towards the exchange surface against which it escapes by swirling.

La formation de jets ou de tourbillons de fluide permet d'améliorer le transfert thermique par convection, mais dans les échangeurs à température élevée, une partie non négligeable de la chaleur se transfère par rayonnement.The formation of jets or vortices of fluid improves thermal transfer by convection, but in high temperature exchangers, a non-negligible part of the heat is transferred by radiation.

Dans le cas de l'utilisation d'un gaz comme fluide caloporteur, l'échange par rayonnement est particulièrement réduit et l'efficacité de l'échangeur s'en trouve d'autant limité. Dans la plupart des échangeurs classiques, le rayonnement concourt à l'échauffement des parois extérieures du circuit de refroidissement qui échangent avec le milieu ambiant, sans permettre une récupération et par conséquent un refroidissement valable.In the case of the use of a gas as heat transfer fluid, the exchange by radiation is particularly reduced and the efficiency of the exchanger is all the more limited. In most conventional exchangers, the radiation contributes to the heating of the external walls of the cooling circuit which exchange with the ambient environment, without allowing recovery and therefore valid cooling.

L'échangeur, selon l'invention, permet non seulement d' améliorer les échanges thermiques par convection, grâce à l'impact des jets, mais également par radiation. Le rayonnement thermique provenant de la surface d'échange est arrêté par une (ou plusieurs) paroi d'échange radiatif, parallèle à la paroi d'échange séparant les gaz chauds des gaz froids. Les deux parois d'échange déterminent un canal dans lequel circule le gaz froid ou chaud, à contre-courant. Cette technologie est particulièrement bien adaptée pour une réalisation en matériau céramique.The exchanger according to the invention not only improves heat exchange by convection, thanks to the impact of the jets, but also by radiation. The thermal radiation coming from the exchange surface is stopped by one (or more) radiative exchange wall, parallel to the exchange wall separating the hot gases from the cold gases. The two exchange walls determine a channel in which the cold or hot gas circulates, against the current. This technology is particularly well suited for making a ceramic material.

Les explications et figures données ci-après, à titre d' exemples, permettront de comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée.

  • La figure 1 montre en perspective et partiellement arraché un échangeur gaz-gaz, selon une forme de réalisation préférée de l'invention. La figure.2 est une vue en coupe selon le plan longitudinal vertical de symétrie de l'échangeur de la figure 1. La figure 3 est une vue de dessus partiellement arrachée de l'échangeur de la figure 1. La figure 4 est une vue en perspective des deux flasques d'un même c8té de deux modules constituant un échangeur selon l' invention. La figure 5 est une vue de face d'un élément support des lames formant un écran perforé.
The explanations and figures given below, by way of examples, will make it possible to understand how the invention can be implemented.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective and partially broken away a gas-gas exchanger, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure.2 is a sectional view along the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the exchanger of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a top view partially cut away of the exchanger of Figure 1. Figure 4 is a view in perspective of the two flanges of the same side of two modules constituting an exchanger according to the invention. Figure 5 is a front view of a support element of the blades forming a perforated screen.

L'échangeur récupérateur de chaleur à effet convecto-radiatif, selon l'invention, dont un exemple de réalisation est montré figure 1, en perspective partiellement arrachée, comporte deux modules 1 et 2, disposés l'un derrière l'autre. Chaque module comprend deux compartiments (figure 2), 3, 4 disposés l'un au-dessus de l'autre et séparés par une paroi d'échange 5. Les compartiments reçoivent l'un le gaz chaud et l'autre le gaz froid, qui viennent en contact avec les surfaces de la paroi d'échange où ils subissent par échange convectif une variation de leur enthalpie.The heat recovery exchanger with convecto-radiative effect, according to the invention, an exemplary embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 1, in perspective partially cut away, comprises two modules 1 and 2, arranged one behind re the other. Each module comprises two compartments (Figure 2), 3, 4 arranged one above the other and separated by an exchange wall 5. The compartments receive one hot gas and the other cold gas , which come into contact with the surfaces of the exchange wall where they undergo by convective exchange a variation of their enthalpy.

Les compartiments ont une forme de prisme tronqué et sont symétriques par rapport à la paroi d'échange 5. Chaque compartiment est divisé en trois zones parallèles à la surface de la paroi d'échange : une zone d'arrivée du gaz 6, une zone de répartition 7 et une zone d' échange 8. La zone d'arrivée du gaz estla plus éloignée de la surface d'échange 5, et la tubulure d'entrée 9 du gaz est disposée près de la base du prisme. La sortie du gaz 10 est prévue au sommet tronqué du prisme, à l'extrémité de la zone d'échange 8.The compartments have a truncated prism shape and are symmetrical with respect to the exchange wall 5. Each compartment is divided into three zones parallel to the surface of the exchange wall: a gas inlet zone 6, a zone distribution 7 and an exchange zone 8. The gas inlet zone is furthest from the exchange surface 5, and the gas inlet pipe 9 is disposed near the base of the prism. The gas outlet 10 is provided at the truncated top of the prism, at the end of the exchange zone 8.

Selon l'exemple de réalisation représenté, le compartiment 3 du module 1 est en série avec le compartiment 11 du module 2. Le compartiment 12, symétrique du compartiment 11 par rapport à la paroi d'échange 50 du module 2, est en série avec le compartiment 4 du module 1. Le compartiment 12 comporte également une tubulure d'entrée 9 du gaz.According to the embodiment shown, the compartment 3 of the module 1 is in series with the compartment 11 of the module 2. The compartment 12, symmetrical of the compartment 11 with respect to the exchange wall 50 of the module 2, is in series with compartment 4 of module 1. Compartment 12 also includes an inlet pipe 9 for gas.

La zone d'arrivée 6 du gaz est séparée de la zone de répartition 7 par un écran perforé 14, constitué de lames espacées. La zone de répartition 7 est séparée de la zone d'échange 8 par une plaque d'échange radiatif 15, comportant des ouvertures circulaires ou allongées pour former des jets de gaz dirigés vers la plaque d'échange 5. Selon l'exemple représenté figure 2, les ouvertures de la plaque 15 sont des fentes dirigées dans le sens d'écoulement du gaz et sont disposées selon deux rangées 16, 17, les fentes d'une rangée étant décalées d'une demi-distance par rapport aux fentes de l'autre rangée.The gas inlet area 6 is separated from the distribution area 7 by a perforated screen 14, made up of spaced blades. The distribution zone 7 is separated from the exchange zone 8 by a radiative exchange plate 15, comprising circular or elongated openings to form gas jets directed towards the exchange plate 5. According to the example shown in figure 2, the openings of the plate 15 are slots directed in the direction of flow of the gas and are arranged in two rows 16, 17, the slots of a row being offset by a half distance this compared to the slots in the other row.

Dans le cas où l'écran perforé 14 est constitué de lames espacées, les ouvertures sont dirigées perpendiculairement par rapport aux fentes de la plaque d'échange radiatif 15. Cette disposition permet d'éviter les fuites thermiques préférentielles et de rendre le coefficient d'échange homogène. La longueur des lames étant relativement grande par rapport à la largeur, elles sont maintenues à leur partie médiane par un support de lames 19, reposant au moins en partie sur la plaque d'échange radiatif 15 (figure 5). Le support de forme triangulaire comporte parallèlement à un de ses côtés, des ouvertures allongées 19 dans lesquelles passent les lames.In the case where the perforated screen 14 is made up of spaced blades, the openings are directed perpendicularly to the slots of the radiative exchange plate 15. This arrangement makes it possible to avoid preferential thermal leaks and to make the coefficient of homogeneous exchange. The length of the blades being relatively large with respect to the width, they are held at their middle part by a blade support 19, resting at least in part on the radiative exchange plate 15 (FIG. 5). The triangular shaped support has parallel to one of its sides, elongated openings 19 through which the blades pass.

Selon la forme de réalisation représentée, un module 1 ou 2 est constitué de deux flasques latéraux 20 (figure 4): un flasque droit et un flasque gauche. Les flasques sont en forme de parallélogramme et portent dans leur épaisseur des rainures ou logements, destinés à maintenir les plaques et écrans. Une rainure médiane 21, approximativement diagonale, est prévue pour recevoir les extrémités de la plaque d'échange convectif 5. Symétriquement, par rapport à la rainure médiane et de chaque côté, une rainure 22 de maintien de la plaque d'échange radiatif 15 et une rainure ou des logements 23 pour la plaque perforée 14 ou les barres la constituant. Parallèlement à au moins un petit côté du parallélogramme est prévue une rainure 24 dans laquelle vient déboucher les rainures 22 et 23. La rainure 24 débouche elle-même dans la rainure 21 de la plaque d'échange convectif 5, formant la séparation entre les compartiments dans lesquels circulent les gaz chaud et froid. La rainure 24 est destinée à maintenir la cloison terminale 25. Une rainure ou un décrochement 26 est prévu parallèlement aux bords de grands côtés du parallélogramme et est destiné à recevoir les cloisons supérieure et inférieure 27 et 28, la cloison 27 portant éventuellement l'arrivée de gaz 9.According to the embodiment shown, a module 1 or 2 consists of two lateral flanges 20 (Figure 4): a right flange and a left flange. The flanges are in the shape of a parallelogram and carry grooves or housings in their thickness, intended to hold the plates and screens. A central groove 21, approximately diagonal, is provided to receive the ends of the convective exchange plate 5. Symmetrically, with respect to the central groove and on each side, a groove 22 for holding the radiative exchange plate 15 and a groove or housings 23 for the perforated plate 14 or the bars constituting it. Parallel to at least one small side of the parallelogram is provided a groove 24 into which the grooves 22 and 23 open. The groove 24 itself opens into the groove 21 of the convective exchange plate 5, forming the separation between the compartments in which the hot and cold gases circulate. The groove 24 is intended to hold the end partition 25. A groove or a recess 26 is provided parallel to the edges of long sides of the parallelogram and is intended to receive the upper and lower partitions 27 and 28, the partition 27 possibly carrying the gas inlet 9.

Lorsque l'échangeur est constitué de deux modules, les rainures prévues sur les petits côtés du parallélogramme diffèrent d'un côté à l'autre. Le logement ou rainure recevant la cloison 29, séparant le compartiment 4 du module 1 du compartiment voisin 30 du module 2, est formé par moitié sur chaque bord, lors de l'assemblage symétrique des modules 1 et 2. Les cloisons 25 et 29 portent des rainures longitudinales pour maintenir les plaques 5 et 15 et l'écran 14.When the exchanger consists of two modules, the grooves provided on the short sides of the parallelogram differ from side to side. The housing or groove receiving the partition 29, separating the compartment 4 of the module 1 from the neighboring compartment 30 of the module 2, is formed by half on each edge, during the symmetrical assembly of the modules 1 and 2. The partitions 25 and 29 carry longitudinal grooves to hold the plates 5 and 15 and the screen 14.

Pour assurer l'alignement et le positionnement desflas- ques des modules 1 et 2, il est prévu un téton d'assemblage 31 qui vient se placer dans un évidement 32 et prolonge ainsi les rainures 21 et 22 du flasque du premier module.To ensure the alignment and positioning of the flanges of modules 1 and 2, an assembly stud 31 is provided which is placed in a recess 32 and thus extends the grooves 21 and 22 of the flange of the first module.

L'assemblage d'un échangeur à deux modules, tel que décrit dans l'invention, s'opère de manière simple. On emboîte, l'un derrière l'autre et symétriquement, deux flasques identiques, pour chaque côté de l'échangeur et on introduit la plaque d'échange convectif 5 dans la rainure 21. On place les cloisons 25 et 29 et on glisse, dans les différentes rainures, les plaques 5 et 15. L' écran perforé 14 est assemblé en introduisant les barres dans les ouvertures 19 du support 18, puis en glissant les extrémités des barres dans les logements 23 des flasques. Les flasques, constituant l'autre côté de l'échangeur, sont mis en place sur les extrémités des plaques. L'échangeur est fermé par emboîtement des parois 27 et 28. Ces parois sont formées d'éléments standardisés permettant une modification aisée des arrivées de gaz.The assembly of a two-module exchanger, as described in the invention, is carried out in a simple manner. We fit, one behind the other and symmetrically, two identical flanges, for each side of the exchanger and we introduce the convective exchange plate 5 in the groove 21. We place the partitions 25 and 29 and we slide, in the different grooves, the plates 5 and 15. The perforated screen 14 is assembled by introducing the bars into the openings 19 of the support 18, then by sliding the ends of the bars into the housings 23 of the flanges. The flanges, constituting the other side of the exchanger, are placed on the ends of the plates. The exchanger is closed by fitting the walls 27 and 28. These walls are formed of standardized elements allowing an easy modification of the gas inlets.

L'ensemble des deux modules formant l'échangeur est entouré d'un isolant thermique 33 (figure 1), et le tout d'un carter métallique 34.The set of two modules forming the exchanger is surrounded by a thermal insulator 33 (FIG. 1), and the whole with a metal casing 34.

Les éléments constituant les modules de l'échangeur sont formés d'un matériau céramique, présentant une bonne conductivité thermique et résistant bien au choc thermique, tel par exemple le carbure de silicium, le nitrure de silicium, la mullite, le zircone stabilisé, la cordiérite, etc.The elements constituting the modules of the exchanger are formed from a ceramic material, having good thermal conductivity and resistant well to thermal shock, such as for example silicon carbide, silicon nitride, mullite, stabilized zirconia, cordierite, etc.

Le fonctionnement de l'échangeur selon l'invention et représenté figure 1 est le suivant :

  • Les gaz chauds sont admis par la tubulure d'arrivée 9 dans la zone 6. Les gaz traversent l'écran perforé 14. Du fait de la forme prismatique de la zone de répartition 7, les gaz sont forcés de manière sensiblement uniforme dans les fentes de la plaque d'échange radiatif 15, et les jets ainsi créés viennent frapper la plaque d'échange convectif 5. Le flux d'air chaud cède par convection ses calories à la plaque d'échange 5 du premier module, puis passe dans le deuxième module où il traverse un écran perforé 140, qui le répartit le long de la plaque d'échange radiatif 150 et, de là, sur la plaque d'échange convectif 50 vers la sortie 35, d'où il sort à basse température.
The operation of the exchanger according to the invention and represented in FIG. 1 is as follows:
  • The hot gases are admitted through the inlet pipe 9 into the zone 6. The gases pass through the perforated screen 14. Due to the prismatic shape of the distribution zone 7, the gases are forced in a substantially uniform manner into the slots of the radiative exchange plate 15, and the jets thus created strike the convective exchange plate 5. The flow of hot air gives up convection of its calories to the exchange plate 5 of the first module, then passes into the second module where it passes through a perforated screen 140, which distributes it along the radiative exchange plate 150 and, from there, on the convective exchange plate 50 towards the outlet 35, from which it exits at low temperature.

Le gaz froid pénètre par la tubulure d'arrivée 90 dans le compartiment inférieur du module 2 et suit un parcours semblable à celui du gaz chaud mais à contre-courant, et il sort du module 1, réchauffé, par la sortie 36.The cold gas enters via the inlet pipe 90 in the lower compartment of the module 2 and follows a path similar to that of the hot gas but against the current, and it leaves the module 1, warmed, by the outlet 36.

Les plaques d'échange convectif 5, 50 pouvant être portées à une température élevée, elles échangent directement par rayonnement avec l'environnement. Aussi, c'est l'intérêt de disposer un réseau de plaques d'échange radiatif 15, 150 à forte émissivité qui, par rayonnement, récupère une fraction non négligeable de l'énergie émise par les plaques d'échange convectif, énergie retransmise par convection aux courants de gaz chaud ou froid. L'échangeur récupérateur, selon l'exemple de réalisation décrit, est particulièrement adapté à une implantation sur des fours métallurgiques ou sur une turbine à gaz. Il présente entre autres les avantages suivants :

  • - fort coefficient d'échange global,
  • - pertes de charge plus faibles que pour les systèmes classiques (échangeurs tubulaires) à puissance thermique échangée donnée,
  • - réduction de la surface d'échange pour une puissance thermique et un écart de température constant,
  • - utilisation optimale des échanges par rayonnement.
The convective exchange plates 5, 50 can be brought to a high temperature, they exchange directly by radiation with the environment. Also, it is the advantage of having a network of radiative exchange plates 15, 150 with high emissivity which, by radiation, recovers a non-negligible fraction of the energy emitted by the convective exchange plates, energy retransmitted by convection with hot or cold gas currents. The recovery exchanger, according to the embodiment described, is particularly suitable for installation on metallurgical furnaces or on a gas turbine. Among other advantages, it has the following advantages:
  • - high overall exchange coefficient,
  • - lower pressure losses than for conventional systems (tubular exchangers) with a given exchanged thermal power,
  • - reduction of the exchange surface for a thermal power and a constant temperature difference,
  • - optimal use of exchanges by radiation.

La fabrication de l'échangeur sous forme modulaire et avec des éléments standardisés permet une extension simple des éléments par empilement et couplage des entrées et sorties des divers modules.The manufacture of the exchanger in modular form and with standardized elements allows simple extension of the elements by stacking and coupling the inputs and outputs of the various modules.

A titre d'exemple, on fournit ci-dessous les caractéristiques d'un module-adapté à la récupération sur four métallurgique pour préchauffer l'air de combustion.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 By way of example, the characteristics of a module suitable for recovery on a metallurgical furnace are provided below to preheat the combustion air.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (9)

1. Echangeur de chaleur à effet convecto-radiatif, un gaz d'échange traversant des compartiments disposés les uns derrière les autres, chaque compartiment étant divisé selon sa hauteur en zones, une zone recevant le gaz d'échange comportant une paroi présentant des ouvertures la séparant d'une autre zone comportant une surface d' échange disposée en face de la paroi, le gaz passant d' une zone à l'autre et d'un compartiment à l'autre, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'au moins un module (1) comportant deux compartiments (3,4) en forme de prisme tronqué, disposés de part et d'autre d'une plaque d'échange oonvectif (5), chaque compartiment étant divisé en trois zones parallèles à la plaque d'échange : une zone d'arrivée de gaz (6), une zone de répartition (7) et une zone d'échange (8), la zone d'arrivée de gaz étant la zone la plus éloignée de la plaque d'échange (5), la sortie du gaz (10) étant prévue dans la zone d' échange (8) et au sommet tronqué du prisme.1. Heat exchanger with convecto-radiative effect, an exchange gas passing through compartments arranged one behind the other, each compartment being divided according to its height into zones, a zone receiving the exchange gas comprising a wall having openings separating it from another zone comprising an exchange surface arranged opposite the wall, the gas passing from one zone to another and from one compartment to another, characterized in that it consists of '' at least one module (1) comprising two compartments (3,4) in the form of a truncated prism, arranged on either side of an oonvective exchange plate (5), each compartment being divided into three zones parallel to the exchange plate: a gas inlet zone (6), a distribution zone (7) and an exchange zone (8), the gas inlet zone being the zone furthest from the plate exchange (5), the gas outlet (10) being provided in the exchange zone (8) and at the truncated top of the prism. 2. Echangeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un écran perforé (14) et une plaque d'échange radiatif (15) sont prévus respectivement entre la zone d'arrivée de gaz (6) et la zone de répartition (7) et entre cette dernière et la zone d'échange (8).2. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a perforated screen (14) and a radiative exchange plate (15) are provided respectively between the gas inlet zone (6) and the distribution zone (7 ) and between the latter and the exchange zone (8). 3. Echangeur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la plaque d'échange radiatif (15) comporte des fentes dirigées dans le sens d'écoulement du gaz et en ce que l'écran perforé (14) comporte des fentes dirigées perpendiculairement à celles de la plaque d'échange radiatif (15).3. Exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiative exchange plate (15) has slots directed in the direction of gas flow and in that the perforated screen (14) has slots directed perpendicular to those of the radiative exchange plate (15). 4. Echangeur selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un modèle est constitué de deux flasques latéraux (20)portant dans leur épaisseur une rainure médiane (21), approximativement diagonale, recevant les extrémités de la plaque d'échange convectif (5) et symétriquement par rapport à ladite rainure médiane, deux rainures (22, 23), prévues pour recevoir les extrémités de la plaque d'échange radiatif (15) et de l'écran perforé (14), au moins une rainure (24) parallèle à un petit côté du parallélogramme, maintenant les cloisons terminales (25), et au moins deux rainures (26) parallèles aux grands côtés pour maintenir les cloisons supérieure (27) et inférieure (28) du module, lesdites cloisons portant éventuellement les arrivées de fluide (9).4. Exchanger according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a model consists of two lateral flanges (20) carrying in their thickness a groove re median (21), approximately diagonal, receiving the ends of the convective exchange plate (5) and symmetrically with respect to said median groove, two grooves (22, 23), intended to receive the ends of the exchange plate radiative (15) and of the perforated screen (14), at least one groove (24) parallel to a short side of the parallelogram, maintaining the end partitions (25), and at least two grooves (26) parallel to the long sides for maintain the upper (27) and lower (28) partitions of the module, said partitions possibly carrying the fluid inlets (9). 5. Echangeur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'écran perforé (14) est formé par des lames parallèles espacées.5. Exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the perforated screen (14) is formed by spaced parallel blades. 6. Echangeur selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une des rainures parallèles aux petits côtés du parallélogramme est formée par l'assemblage symétrique des flasques d'un deuxième module.6. Exchanger according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that one of the grooves parallel to the short sides of the parallelogram is formed by the symmetrical assembly of the flanges of a second module. 7. Echangeur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un des petits côtés du parallélogramme comporte au moins un téton d'assemblage (31).7. Exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one of the short sides of the parallelogram comprises at least one assembly stud (31). 8. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le ou les modules sont entourés d' un carter isolant thermique (34).8. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the module or modules are surrounded by a thermal insulating casing (34). 9. Echangeur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau constituant les éléments du ou des modules est une céramique réfractaire.9. Exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material constituting the elements of the module or modules is a refractory ceramic.
EP83400955A 1982-05-14 1983-05-11 Recuperative heat exchanger with a combined convection and radiation effect Withdrawn EP0094876A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8208413A FR2526930A1 (en) 1982-05-14 1982-05-14 HEAT RECOVERY EXCHANGER WITH CONVECTO-RADIATION EFFECT IN CERAMIC MATERIAL
FR8208413 1982-05-14

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EP0094876A1 true EP0094876A1 (en) 1983-11-23

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007110196A1 (en) * 2006-03-23 2007-10-04 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Plate heat exchanger, method for its production, and its use
WO2012076449A1 (en) 2010-12-06 2012-06-14 Basf Se Method for producing aromatic amines
US8981155B2 (en) 2010-12-06 2015-03-17 Basf Se Process for preparing aromatic amines

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1095335A (en) * 1900-01-01
FR614851A (en) * 1926-04-21 1926-12-24 Process for raising the capacity of heat transmitting devices and machines
FR1160115A (en) * 1956-10-26 1958-07-08 Bertin & Cie Improvements to heat exchangers
FR1353902A (en) * 1963-04-18 1964-02-28 Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag Refractory flue bricks for ceramic recuperators and recuperator built with these bricks
US3450199A (en) * 1967-07-10 1969-06-17 Continental Aviat & Eng Corp Heat exchanger
FR2113897A1 (en) * 1970-11-10 1972-06-30 Lage James
US3788393A (en) * 1972-05-01 1974-01-29 Us Navy Heat exchange system
FR2414988A1 (en) * 1978-01-18 1979-08-17 Ceraver Indirect heat-exchanger for turbine etc. - has extruded ceramic body defining multi-way duct having square mesh section with round tubes in nodes

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1095335A (en) * 1900-01-01
FR614851A (en) * 1926-04-21 1926-12-24 Process for raising the capacity of heat transmitting devices and machines
FR1160115A (en) * 1956-10-26 1958-07-08 Bertin & Cie Improvements to heat exchangers
FR1353902A (en) * 1963-04-18 1964-02-28 Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag Refractory flue bricks for ceramic recuperators and recuperator built with these bricks
US3450199A (en) * 1967-07-10 1969-06-17 Continental Aviat & Eng Corp Heat exchanger
FR2113897A1 (en) * 1970-11-10 1972-06-30 Lage James
US3788393A (en) * 1972-05-01 1974-01-29 Us Navy Heat exchange system
FR2414988A1 (en) * 1978-01-18 1979-08-17 Ceraver Indirect heat-exchanger for turbine etc. - has extruded ceramic body defining multi-way duct having square mesh section with round tubes in nodes

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007110196A1 (en) * 2006-03-23 2007-10-04 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Plate heat exchanger, method for its production, and its use
US8967238B2 (en) 2006-03-23 2015-03-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Plate heat exchanger, method for its production, and its use
WO2012076449A1 (en) 2010-12-06 2012-06-14 Basf Se Method for producing aromatic amines
US8981155B2 (en) 2010-12-06 2015-03-17 Basf Se Process for preparing aromatic amines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2526930A1 (en) 1983-11-18
FR2526930B1 (en) 1984-12-14
JPS5941790A (en) 1984-03-08

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