EP0092684A2 - Heat insulating, fire retarding multilayered panel - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Heat-insulating and fire-retardant sandwich sheet (1) with a first plate element (2) of pressed mineral wool and a thin and heat-resistant reflective aluminium foil (4) said foil being attached on one side, by means of a first coating of water glass glue (5), to one of the flat sides of the plate element (2), characterized as : that the sandwich sheet (1) has a second plate element (3) of pressed mineral wool which is attached to the other side of the reflective aluminium foil (4) by a second coating of water glass glue (5).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a multilayer, heat-insulating and fire-retardant composite panel, in which at least one layer consists of a panel made of pressed mineral wool. The invention further relates to a composite panel produced by the method.

In conventional open-plan construction (open-plan offices, factory halls and the like) there is the problem that, on the one hand, suspended ceilings are used and, on the other hand, these ceilings are assigned a certain fire protection and heat insulation capacity.

In the case of large-scale buildings, for example, there is a requirement that the suspended ceiling must have fire protection of class F30 - F90 so that the steel girders that are installed in or form the solid ceiling are not attacked by a fire that breaks out in the room.

So far, they had managed to use gypsum cassette panels, for example. However, a higher fire protection class than F30 could not be achieved. The gypsum cassette panels are very good heat conductors, which is undesirable for thermal reasons; for this reason had to be designed _n in the suspended ceiling structure still mineral fiber webs may be applied vapor barrier.

This led to major problems because the ceiling hooks on the solid ceiling on the one hand and on the suspended ceiling on the other hand prevented the mineral fiber webs from being laid out unhindered. It was therefore difficult to achieve satisfactory thermal insulation and the vapor barrier was insufficient.

The entire known construction principle was also very expensive and labor-intensive, because the cassette plate always had to be suspended piece by piece in order to then insert the mineral fiber webs into the space between the solid ceiling.

This ceiling construction was also unsatisfactory in terms of thermal insulation, because the mineral fiber sheets could not be placed so close to one another that cold bridges were not still present, which led to serious impairments. Such impairments were the risk of condensation on the cold solid ceiling construction and inadequate fire safety.

The object of the present invention is to develop a composite panel of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that there is a substantially improved fire safety with at the same time improved thermal insulation capacity, the advantage of a much simpler and less expensive assembly being achieved.

• a) auf die Rückseite des ersten Plattenelementes wird eine an einer Seite mit einer Leimschicht versehene dünne Reflexionsfolie ausgelegt
• b) die Rückseite der Reflexionsfolie wird mit einer gleichartigen Leimschicht versehen
• c) auf die mit der Leimschicht versehene Rückseite der Reflexionsfolie wird ein zweites Plattenelement aufgelegt
• d) die so erhaltene Verbundplatte wird unter Druck zusammengehalten bis der Leim abgebunden hat.

To achieve the object, a method for producing such a fire-retardant composite panel is characterized by the following process steps:

• a) a thin reflective film provided on one side with a layer of glue is placed on the back of the first plate element
• b) the back of the reflection film is provided with a similar layer of glue
• c) a second plate element is placed on the back of the reflective film provided with the glue layer
• d) the composite panel thus obtained is held together under pressure until the glue has set.

A composite panel produced by the process is characterized in that the composite panel consists of two plate elements made of rock wool, glass wool or basalt wool, the plate elements being separated by a reflective film in the area of their horizontal contact surface, and the reflective film on both sides with a highly heat-resistant glue layer each with the associated one Plate element is connected.

Experiments by the inventor have shown that the structure mentioned makes it highly heat-resistant, i.e. highly fire-resistant and highly heat-insulating structure can be achieved.

The mineral wool board elements on their own do not have good fire resistance. If you wanted to use such mineral fiber board elements in residential construction, a relatively good thermal insulation would be given, but not the required fire safety, because the phenol glue, which connects the mineral fibers of a board element, decomposes at 600 ° C.

In order to give the composite panel the required high fire resistance, attempts by the applicant have led to installing a reflective film in the middle area between the composite panel. The reflective tape consists for example of an aluminum foil or another metal foil, but it can also consist of a silver-damped plastic foil or the like. It is only important that this aluminum foil withstands temperatures of up to approximately 1000 ^° without substance destruction.

• Zunächst soll sie den ungehinderten Wärmedurchgang durch die Plattenelemente verhindern, d.h. die von unten her von der Sichtseite an der Verbundplatte angreifende Hitze soll möglichst von der Rückseite der Verbundplatte her abgehalten werden. Die Reflexionsfolie dient hier als Reflexionsschirm, d.h. sie wirft einen großen Teil der eingestrahlten Wärme wieder zurück.

It is also possible, for example, to insert a sheet metal foil. The reflective tape has two functions:

• First of all, it is intended to prevent the unhindered heat transfer through the plate elements, ie the heat acting on the composite panel from below from the visible side should be prevented as far as possible from the rear side of the composite panel. The reflective film is used here as a reflective screen, ie it reflects a large part of the radiated heat.

Furthermore, the reflective tape acts as a vapor barrier, i.e. hot air or moist air cannot pass through the plate, this also protects the back.

Tests by the applicant have now shown that an aluminum foil as a reflection foil does not have the required heat resistance, because no connection to the plate elements can be created with this aluminum foil alone.

If you want to laminate such an aluminum foil, the lamination disintegrates at the high temperatures of about 1000 ^o and the plate elements fall apart.

According to the invention, it is now proposed that a glue layer be applied to the front and back of the reflective film as the connecting element and that this glue layer consists of a water glass glue. The basic substance is a powder mixed with water is stirred, and which has a slightly yellowish, glass-like transparent appearance when ready for use.

This glue is then applied and dried and results in a very hard and brittle connection layer after drying.

It has now been shown that this glue layer acts as a protective screen for the reflective film and this glue layer protects the reflective film from heat decomposition.

Attempts by the applicant with other types of glue have always resulted in the reflection film tearing or pitting, or detaching, or detaching, and therefore the required fire safety could not be guaranteed.

With the glue layer made of water glass glue it has surprisingly been found that this water glass glue has approximately the same expansion capacity and similar brittleness behavior as the reflective film, so that both materials complement each other. This protects the reflective film from warping, and the glue layer forms a protective screen that surrounds the reflective film on both sides (on all sides).

The glue layer penetrates the fibrous substance of the plate elements on the connecting layer and keeps the plate elements with high strength connected to the glue layer and the reflective film.

With the element created in this way, several advantages can be achieved simultaneously. By connecting two different panel elements, composite panels of any thickness (any thermal insulation capacity) being constructed. The lower plate element can, for example, be made thinner than the upper plate element. Therefore, all requirements for thermal insulation can be taken into account.

The required high level of fire safety is also achieved by inserting a reflective tape in the structure of the composite panel. The upper plate element is completely kept free of gas heat flows (convection), and the reflective film still radiates a large amount of heat back into the lower plate element, so that the required high level of fire safety is provided.

The function is once again pointed out: the reflective tape offers a high degree of mobility, in addition to the glass-hard water glass glue. This prevents the glue layer, which is very brittle, from flaking off, tearing open and forming cracks, so that this creates an undesired heat transfer. Furthermore, the connection between the plate elements, which consist of a mineral fiber wool material, is very soft, so that thermal stresses can be absorbed well without the glue layer being attacked.

With a test arrangement in which the composite panel elements were installed in the form of a suspended ceiling structure according to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, high-temperature tests in a large furnace at a temperature of about 1000 ^° C. on the visible side have shown here that the rear of the invention Composite panel element only 400 ⁰ c arise after 2 hours, so that attached to the back of the composite panel element support structures are protected from fire. Such a high level of fire safety in the F90 bis class even F120 has so far not been achieved with such composite panel elements. At the same time, the advantage of the invention is that high heat insulation is ensured in the same part, that is, the same composite panel, so that the cumbersome rolling out of mineral fiber mats with a built-in vapor barrier, as was previously the case with plaster cassette ceilings, can be omitted. According to the invention, such a vapor barrier is installed in the form of the reflective film.

The assembly of such composite panel elements is very easy and smooth, because they are placed as large-area panel elements on a suspended ceiling construction (suspension profiles that are suspended from the ceiling with hooks). For this purpose, the suspension profile can either engage with its horizontal leg in a groove within the lower panel element (concealed construction), or the visible side of the composite panel can be placed on the horizontal leg (visible installation of the suspension profile).

Another example of application of such composite panel elements is the creation of jacket elements which have a support beam, e.g. Enclose steel or wooden beams. Here, too, the required high level of fire safety is achieved through the functional mechanism explained.

Another field of application of the proposed composite panel elements is the creation of facing shells for walls or of self-supporting partition walls in residential and industrial buildings.

The subject matter of the present invention results not only from the subject matter of the individual patent claims, but also from the combination of the individual patent claims with one another.

In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings showing several possible embodiments. Further features and advantages of the invention which are essential to the invention emerge from the drawings and their description.

• Figur 1: Schnitt durch ein Verbundplattenelement nach der Erfindung in unmaßstäblichen Größenverhältnissen;
• Figur 2: Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Verbundplattenelementes;
• Figur 3: Schnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform;
• Figur 4; Seitenansicht einer abgehängten Decke mit Verbundplattenelementen nach der Erfindung;
• Figur 5: Seitenansicht des Plattenstoßes der abgehängten Decke nach Fig. 4;
• Figur 6-10: perspektivische Vorderansichten verschiedener Abhängeprofile für eine abgehängte Decke nach Fig. 4 und 5;
• Figur 11: Draufsicht auf die Stirnseite eines Mantelelementes zur feuerfesten Ummantelung von Stützträgern.

Show it:

• Figure 1: Section through a composite panel element according to the invention in scale proportions;
• Figure 2: Section through a second embodiment of a composite panel element;
• Figure 3: Section through a third embodiment;
• Figure 4; Side view of a suspended ceiling with composite panel elements according to the invention;
• Figure 5: Side view of the plate joint of the suspended ceiling according to Fig. 4;
• 6-10: perspective front views of different suspension profiles for a suspended ceiling according to FIGS. 4 and 5;
• Figure 11: Top view of the end face of a jacket element for fire-resistant sheathing of support beams.

• Die Verbundplatte 1 besteht nach ihrem gesamten Aufbau aus etwa 2 x 27,5 mm starken Plattenelementen 2,3.
• Die Plattenelemente bestehen, wie vorher erwähnt, aus einer Mineralfaserwolle.

The drawings show all components in scale that is not to scale. The scale proportions are approximately as follows:

• The composite plate 1 consists of approximately 2 x 27.5 mm thick plate elements 2, 3 after their entire structure.
• As previously mentioned, the plate elements consist of a mineral fiber wool.

The reflective film 4 has a thickness of approximately 4/100 mm. The glue layers 5 have a thickness of about 50/100 to 1 mm, the thickness cannot be determined exactly and is only indicated schematically with reference to FIG. 1, because the glue layers 5 extend into the area of the fibrous plate elements and form a transition area there, so that the thickness can only be given approximately.

The composite panel element 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a particularly simple construction on the visible side 9, which also contributes to the fact that fire safety is increased by a further, essential degree. Tests by the applicant have shown that the visible side of the composite panel can be provided directly with a highly heat-resistant color layer 7. Such a layer of paint is e.g. a layer of lime paint (sludge from burnt lime suspended in water).

If one were to apply such a color layer 7 alone, there is the disadvantage that open pores form, and here a heat transfer through the lower plate element 3 is possible, so that the reflective film 4 with the glue layer 5 is already heated up relatively strongly. However, the coloring layer 7 of lime has the advantage that it is highly heat resistant, and can withstand temperatures of about 1000 ⁰ C without change, ie there will be no color changes or material changes. But if you want to improve the fire safety of such a plate element even more, then you have to achieve an airtight seal on the visible side 9 ago.

Experiments by the applicant have now shown that if one chooses a mixture of a lime slurry with water glass glue in a ratio of about 1: 8, and this mixture is sprayed onto the previous color layer 7, the second color layer 8 thus obtained has a complete Forms air seal, and also forms a highly heat-resistant protective shield. However, this does not result in a glass-like layer, but rather in an elastic, abrasion-resistant and completely airtight color layer which reliably prevents air from penetrating into the lower plate element 2. With such a composite panel element, fire safety is even achieved in class F120, while with the previously described composite panel element, a fire security of approximately F90 can be achieved without the aforementioned paint layers 7 and 8.

The fire safety class F90 means that such an element must withstand a temperature of 1000 ^° C. on the visible side for 1 1/2 hours without the plate element being decomposed, with only 400 ^° C. on a steel beam on the back of this plate element and only 200 ⁰ C may occur on a wooden structure.

Fire safety class F120 means that the same conditions mentioned above are maintained for 2 hours.

The visible side 9 of the composite panel element then shows the color layer 8, which is mixed with water glass is applied, this color layer can be colored as desired, and it can be applied in any structure. The fire is affected in the direction of arrow 10.

Fig. 1 also shows a special suspension construction. The composite panel elements 1 can be placed directly on a suspension profile 23, on one side of the horizontal leg 24, with a hanging strip 26 being arranged on the vertical leg 25, which has corresponding recesses into which the ceiling hooks are hung.

The connection or the support of the composite panel element on the horizontal leg 24 can be described as tight.

FIG. 2 shows that the top layer 6 of the composite panel element 1 consisting of the color layers 7, 8 can also be constructed differently.

FIG. 2 shows a composite panel element 20 which carries a decorative panel 22 instead of the cover layer 6. This decorative plate 22 is in turn glued to the visible side of the lower plate element 3 with a glue layer 19 made of water glass glue.

The decorative plate 22 can consist of different materials. It is possible to use a thin chipboard as the material. The chipboard has a thickness of 4 mm, it can consist of a chipboard or a veneered chipboard. The decorative plate can also consist of a metal plate. In a fire test, the decorative panel would then carbonize (if it is made of wood), but this has no influence on the fire resistance of the composite panel element 20. It should also be noted that the glue layer 19 during the exposure to heat Protective screen function, and the conditions previously described in relation to the reflective film 4 and the glue layers 5 applied therein still remain.

The composite panel element 20 of Figure 2 can be used with the same suspension system as that of Figure 1, i.e. the horizontal leg 24 could be visible from below.

If you want to avoid such a suspension construction, i.e. if you want to make the horizontal leg 24 only slightly visible, use a circumferential groove 21, in the area of which the horizontal leg 24 of the suspension profile 23 is hung.

From below, only a very small part of the horizontal leg of the suspension profile 23 can be seen.

1, it is still possible to apply an additional plastic paint by spraying or drawing. Any structure and color or surface appearance can be achieved with it.

Figures 4, 5 and 6 to 10 show the details of a suspended ceiling construction using the designated composite panel elements 1 or 20.

The composite panel elements 1 are offset from each other in the association with the end joints. On the wall side, wall brackets 260 are attached, on the horizontal leg of which the composite panel elements 1 rest. The wall brackets 260 can be fastened to the wall via corresponding fastening brackets 203. 5, the joints of the composite panel elements 1 lie on the horizontal legs of ceiling profiles 201. The vertical leg of the ceiling profile 201 has recesses (openings) arranged at a distance, through which the vertical profile of a cross profile 202 is pushed. This cross profile 202 is thus arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal profile of the ceiling profile 201 and supports the composite panel elements at their longitudinal joints, while the cross joints are carried by the ceiling profile 201. In this way it is possible to use large format composite panel elements, for example in the format 125 x 62.5 cm.

Bores are arranged in the vertical part of the ceiling profile 201, through which the hook of a suspension wire 220 engages and which is inserted into a clamping spring 211 according to FIG. 10 for the purpose of length adjustment. The length of the suspension hook 220 can be infinitely adjusted by compressing the resilient legs of the clamping spring 211.

The other side of the suspension hook 220 is hung with the bent part in an eyebolt 250, which in turn is screwed into a brass dowel 251 screwed into the solid ceiling 13.

When exposed to fire from the underside 12 of the suspended ceiling, the ceiling supports 11 arranged in the space between the solid ceiling 13 and the suspended ceiling are only subjected to the influence of heat as described above. An extraordinarily high fire retardancy is therefore achieved.

Another area of application is shown in FIG. 11. The jacket element 15 shown there serves for the full-surface coating of horizontal or vertical supports.

For a detailed explanation of such a jacket element, reference is made to the relevant disclosure in German patent application P 31 17 580.5-25. The content of the disclosure contained therein is to be included in the present disclosure and is the subject of the present invention.

The individual plate elements 16, 17, 18 are each connected to the reflective film 4 at their contact surfaces via glue layers 5. The reflection film can also be arranged in the interior 30 of the jacket element 15 on the surfaces of the plate elements facing the interior.

In addition, the reflective film 4 is also arranged on the outside of the plate elements. This outside is additionally covered by a jacket covering 31, which can consist of a decorative plastic film, a fabric or another decorative covering. It is important that the effect of fire from the outside of the casing element 15 is certainly prevented from the interior 30. For this purpose, the plate elements 16, 18 are separated from one another by a miter cut 29, the miter cut 29 merging into step-shaped undercuts 28. In this way, an airtight seal of the plate elements 16, 17, 18, 27 is achieved, especially since the connecting surfaces are covered with the reflective film 4 via glue layers 5.

The entire jacket element can be held together by a screw connection 33, a parting line 32 of the jacket covering 31 being arranged in the region of the screw head so that the head of the screw is accessible from the outside.

Claims (8)

1. A method for producing a multilayer, heat-insulating and fire-retardant composite panel, in which at least one layer consists of a panel made of pressed mineral wool,
characterized by the following process steps: a) on the back of the first plate element (3) is placed on one side with a glue layer (5) thin reflective film (4) b) the back of the reflective film (4) is provided with a flesh-like glue layer (5) c) a second plate element (2) is placed on the back of the reflective film provided with the glue layer (5) d) the composite panel (1) thus obtained is held together under pressure until the glue has set. 2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that e) on the visible side of the first plate element (3) a first color layer (7) of highly heat-resistant paint is applied, and that f) a second color layer (8) of a mixture of the highly heat-resistant paint and a highly heat-resistant glue is applied to the first color layer (7). 3. composite panel, which is produced by the method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the Glue is a water glass (trichloroethane Na ₂ SiO ₃ in H ₂ 0) glue. 4. composite panel according to claim 3,
characterized in that the reflective foil (4) is an aluminum foil with a thickness of approximately 4/100 mm. 5. Composite panel according to claims 3 and 4, which is produced by the method according to claim 2, characterized in that the highly heat-resistant first paint layer (7) is a lime paint and that the second paint layer (8) is impermeable to air and from a mixture of a lime slurry with water glass glue in a ratio of 1: 8. 6. Composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the composite panel elements (1 or 20) laid in the association and butted together with ceiling suspension profiles (201, 202, 203, 211, 220, 250, 251) a fire-retardant, heat-insulating suspended ceiling result. 7. Composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plate elements (16,17,18,27) are designed as a casing element (15) for the fire-proof cladding of steel or wooden beams and that the butt joints of the abutting plate elements ( 16, 17, 18, 27) have step-shaped undercuts (28). 8. Composite panel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that each composite panel element (1,20,16,17,18,27) from at least consists of two plate elements (2, 3) made of pressed mineral wool, which are held together on their broad surfaces by a reflective film (4) provided on both sides with clay layers (5) made of water glass glue (4) on their contact surfaces.

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