DE1825310U - PLATE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, E.G. WALL ELEMENTS, DOORS AND THE LIKE. - Google Patents

Description

August ii ora 1 t wood industry, Bad Tölz / Obb.

When striving for protection against fire, one can proceed in such a way that the known easily combustible components are replaced by components made of non-combustible materials. Components made of non-flammable material and with good mechanical resistance such. B. Metal, steel and the like. Have good thermal conductivity and are heated very quickly. The combustible substances located in the neighboring room are ignited solely by radiation and / or contact heat. Other non-combustible components with lower heat conduction, such as. B. cement asbestos materials, glass, plasterboard, show lower mechanical resistance; cracks or other types of destruction develop, which cause the fire, possibly promoted by drafts. can pass through. Very good heat-insulating, non-flammable building materials, such as B. foams, aerated concrete etc. ultimately have too little mechanical strength to be used on their own. There is another way to do this, from substances that are inherently flammable formed building elements such as wall elements, ceiling elements, floors etc. to be designed to be fire-retardant. This is supposed to mean an erupted Fire confined to the affected area and spreading to other rooms are prevented. When training the fire-retardant property, thermal insulation and mechanical resistance when exposed to heat and fire are particularly important. Wood is, except for aesthetic reasons, because of its many excellent properties, e.g. B. because of its relatively low specific weight, its good heat and sound insulation and good mechanical resistance even in heat as a component or for the production of components generally popular. Bs only has the disadvantage of starting at temperatures of about 180 ° C; to burn depending on the type of wood and moisture.

It has now been found that it succeeds in fire-retardant construction elements such as eg, doors, wall, ceiling or floor elements that are wholly or predominantly made of wood or wood-based materials are to be obtained if, according to the invention, inside At the end temperature, foaming and / or pore-forming substances, preferably in the form one or more layers, are incorporated.

So this is not about the storage of fire extinguishing agents, that is, of actively fighting means, but of the storage of such Substances that develop heat-insulating effects in the event of fire and thus in the essential prevent the fire from spreading in a purely defensive manner.

Construction elements should above all have insulating properties against heat and sound exhibit. You must therefore have a certain thickness, which is usually around 40 mm. Doors shouldn't be too heavy either. They are therefore often not in massive, but made in some lightweight construction. For attaching fittings with which the connection to the neighboring components is established then many edge reinforcements, frames and the like added.

It when the components have a frame is particularly advantageous and the foam-forming and / or pore-forming substances in, preferably the frame and layers covering the filling are arranged. Under filling are here sand the parts arranged between the frame or the outer frame.

It is also advantageous if the foam-forming and / or pore-forming substances are arranged in the filling.

The substances can be distributed both in grooves and in any way be arranged cavities provided for this purpose.

Such cavities can either be used in the manufacture of the components provided by appropriate structural or constructive training or attached at a later date.

X Advantageously, the components according to the invention are designed in such a way that that they have fittings and the foam and / or pore-forming Substances in the area of fittings, in particular in cavities in these areas are housed.

It has also been shown that it is possible that the foam and, toner pore-forming means are arranged closely below the surface and / or are at least partially connected to the outside. So it is B. possible that in the case of substances arranged in layers, these on one or more narrow sides to come to the surface.

If you don't want the foaming agents to be visible anywhere, you can the edges are also covered with a veneer or something else already mentioned above Material. Then the element does not differ externally from the usual unprotected Elements. In further processing, such as B. Surface treatment, is also no more consideration is necessary.

Such training can also have advantages in terms of production technology when the foam-forming substances are applied in a still flowable consistency because there is a border on all sides. it advantage Are the components designed in such a way that, above all, the filling is made of wood-based materials, in particular Eolzspanformkorper contains or consists of it.

In the case of such structural elements, too, the molded wood-based bodies, in particular Due to the shape of the wood particles, structure-related with the foam or pore-forming Substances at least have partially filled cavities. Here the substances can both in the near-surface areas and through the be arranged throughout the molded body. However, it is also possible that those at least partially filled with the foam and (or pore-forming substances) Cavities are determined by the construction.

To achieve mechanical fixed moments, it is advantageous if the foam- and / or pore-forming substances, especially when layers are arranged at the same time Are or contain binders. such substances are advantageously used, which, when they are arranged in structural cavities, create a solid connection of the wood particles. especially with doors it has been shown to be advantageous that the key plates in the cavities behind the foam and / or pore-forming Contain substances and especially in the case of non-flammable key plates in the event of a fire There are, for example, sieve-like openings that allow the heat-insulating foam to escape are.

The key plates can also be easily destroyed by heat materials consist; Finally, they can also be made at fire temperature foam and / or pore-forming plastic be formed so that in the event of a fire this particularly endangered area due to sufficient amounts of heat-insulating material is protected.

A door according to the invention is schematically shown in principle in fig shown. It consists of a specifically light filling made of wood-based materials (a), a frame, possibly made of glued solid wood or possibly also made of fire-resistant woods such as B. soft (b), one at fire temperature layer containing or consisting of foam- and / or pore-forming substance or layers (c) and one of veneers, wood-based materials, paper, plastics or similar existing outer layer (d). In the area of the necessary fittings (e) according to the invention, the layer (c) forming or one in the Effect of a similar substance introduced into particularly large cavities (f) provided for this purpose be. A modification is shown in Fig. 2. Here are the foaming and / or pore-forming ones Substances applied between the frame (b) as layer (c) on the filling (a). To protect the frame wood (b), the substances are in the designated cavities (g) arranged.

A special design according to the idea of the invention is shown in Fig. 3. The peculiarity lies in the filling (a) which is so porous, that these pores or other cavities ßk) absorb the foam-forming substances can. Such a filling with sufficiently large cavities is for example achieved with chipboard if they are made from veneer chips of about 1.5 mm thickness, 3-5 mm wide and 40 mm long with a specific weight of about 0.3-0.4 is made.

Of course, other types of chips are also available to achieve the the same goal is possible. With the chip size, shape and specific weight the type of structure and the size of the cavities must largely be coordinated as required. With such an embodiment, it is possible that the required amount of foam-forming substance in the cavities of the core layer only in the edge zones or is also introduced through and through and when applying the outer layer (d) A direct glue connection with the inner filling layer is achieved.

This results in a particularly good internal strength of the components.

Depending on the size of the cavities, they are connected to one another. As a result, in the event of danger when high temperatures occur, the foam can build up spread into the interior of the core layer and it forms from the core layer always new on the surface if any foam present there is removed or is destroyed, whereby a particularly good thermal protection for the component and at the same time an excellent fire retardant effect is achieved.

A door, wall or roof part or similar component with an even higher fire retardant effect is shown in Fig. 4. Here they consist of the filling (A) and the frame (b) covered layers of a wood-based panel (h) with foam-forming layers (4) applied to both sides and one each outer layer covering the outer foam-forming layer and refining the surface (d).

The construction of Fig. 5 corresponds in principle to Fig. 4.

Only the filling layer (a) is shown in a known, particularly light design. Such or similar lightweight constructions are produced in a wide variety of ways. In the event of danger, the tares according to Fig. 1, 2 and 3 may use the Outer layer, which usually refines the surface, burns off, char, flakes off or melts, preferably even quickly and for a short time. The foam-forming layer then develops and provides the wood-based panel underneath at least for a certain period of time with such thermal protection that it is not thermally destroyed and also does not catch fire.

However, if the exposure to heat and fire continues and is very strong, it is possible that the wood-based panel under the foam layer will also char. In the case of doors according to Figures 4 and 5, however, it has been shown that even with a charred panel (h) there is still enough internal cohesion that the structural element remains connected. It also gives a considerable amount of heat protection that is greater in the charred state than in the primitive ab.

But if the heat penetrates anyway or falls for some reason If the foam layer and the charred wood-based panel are removed, the subsequent foam-forming layer and gives together with the porous middle layer excellent thermal protection with excellent durability without Cracks or other signs of decay. The mechanical strength gives the wood-based panel (h) on the side facing away from the fire, which through the foam layer in connection with the middle layer both before the contact as well as the radiant heat of the fire is protected. This way neither can the heat nor the fire can pass directly through it and that in the one adjacent to the fire Ignite flammable objects in the room. remains in this state the inventive component a considerably long time, so that on each Case the requirement of fire-retardant property, for example according to the international ship safety regulation in at least the 1st and 2nd stage, is fulfilled.

In the constructions for the doors or similar structural elements according to the invention, the fillings (a) can consist of a wide variety of wood-based materials. They are preferably specifically lighter and larger-pored than, for example, the usual chipboard furniture construction with a density of about 0.5 to 0.6. B. according to Figure 1 and 3, the foam and / or pore-forming substance can be used as layer (c) the outer layer (d) or the wood-based panel (h) be brought. With an appropriate composition of the foaming agents, e.g. B. with urea resins, the foam-forming layers can also be used for gluing. In any case, they must have sufficient internal strength so that they do not form impermissibly weak points in the association of the entire element. So they must have properties that allow them to firmly bond the adjacent layers together. The foam that develops when exposed to heat can then also expand into the ilores and cavities of the filling (a). In the construction according to Fig. 2, the foam-forming substances are applied as layers (c) to the filling (a) and thus the gates and cavities on the surface are also filled. As a result, the layer can be thin and yet a sufficient amount of foam-forming substances can be present. With a construction according to Fig. 5, it is not advisable to completely fill the particularly large cavities of the filling (a) with foam-forming substances. Rather, it is useful to provide the inner walls of the cavities, in particular the surface of the shaped bodies which form the filling and maintain the spacing, with a layer of foam-forming substances. In this case, when exposed to heat, the foam can develop in the remaining cavities. This makes the filling an excellent heat insulating layer. in accordance with the examples given, other constructions and variations are of course also possible. In particular, fillings made of other materials such as. Fibrous materials, applicable. The large cavities of the filling (a) according to Fig. 5 can also be filled with non-combustible materials, such as B. asbestos fibers, glass fibers, slag wool, etc. be filled.

The outer layers, labeled (d) in Figs. 1-5, serve primarily the surface finishing and give at the same time the each adjoining foam-forming layer a certain mechanical protection. In any case, they give the door or the building element such an appearance, that it is indistinguishable from a normal door made of wood or derived timber product is. If further processing is to be carried out in the usual way, such as B. the application of noble veneers with subsequent polishing, a coat of paint or the like, layers (d) are useful. ssig a thin barrier veneer or a chipboard layer. But they can also be made of a plastic film or with Resin-filled paper webs are made directly on the foam-forming layer c) can be applied.

The layers marked (h) in Figures 4 and 5 are preferred Wood-based panels with foam-forming layers on both sides (c) and possibly an outer layer (d), which is prefabricated for itself and only then can be applied to the prefabricated filling (a) with frame (b). To increase protection against fire and inflammation, you can use appropriate Preparations to be impregnated. The wood-based materials forming the filling can also and the frame wood should be equipped with an appropriate impregnation. in a symmetrical structure is indicated in the pictorial representations. He'll be fine preferably used, but is depending on Installation of the components not absolutely necessary. If z. B. the actual construction walls on ships are made of steel and the inventive components more or less only for Serving cladding, a one-sided structure is sufficient completely such that the foam layer closer to the room side.

Likewise, with a skeleton construction in which the components on be attached on both sides, a one-sided structure of the component is absolutely meet all requirements, albeit with greater protection when used symmetrically constructed elements according to Fig. 1-5 is achieved.

If fittings are required to connect to neighboring components which are usually made of metal in the conventional way, they can be weak Make in the whole construction because they act as a good conductor of heat lead into the interior. Thermal damage can occur there allow the fire to pass through into the adjoining room or the structural element can lose its grip and fall out. This is especially true for doors to which their hold with the neighboring elements only through the hinges or hinges and have the lock. According to the concept of the invention, in the area before especially in the immediate vicinity of the fittings, for example as shown in Fig. 1, 4 and 5, Cavities in the form of grooves or the like attached and filled with the foam images. The foam winding is so large that the fitting part is enveloped by it and is thus protected from the heat.

A similar procedure can be used for the lock. Special cavities are made near it and filled with the foam-forming substances. The key plates are too hollow towards the door leaf. The space can also be filled with foam-forming substances. For better development for the Schauöllten next to the keyhole in z. B. sieve-like arrangement also be attached numerous and closely spaced openings. In the event of danger, the foam emerges and thus protects the metal parts in a special way to prevent the heat from being transferred inside of the tar element. The key shield can also be made entirely a plastic which foams and / or pores when exposed to heat, which can be provided with a metallic coating for a decorative effect in a galvanic or other way. Likewise, the key label can be made of thermally easily destructible substances, so that in the event of danger, the foam-forming substances underneath are released the way to development. It is expedient for the area to be chosen to be about as large as the recessed lock.

Fig. 6 shows an example of such a component with a key plate. In it, (1) means the key plate body, (m) the openings and (n) the introduced foam-forming substances that also fill the openings (m). The door handle for operating the lock can be made of wood, a other possibly also combustible or one at temperature tures around 100 ° C melting, such. B. thermoplastics, material be made. In this case, the handle is destroyed at already relatively low temperatures and the possibility of direct thermal connection to the interior of the component is eliminated. Protection claims:

Claims (14)

S c h u t z a n s p r ü c h e. 1.) Fire-retardant components, such as doors, wall elements, and the like. based on wood and / or wooden materials, characterized in that arranged inside at fire temperatures foam- and / or pore-forming substances are. 2.) Components according to claim 1, characterized in that they have a frame and the foam- and / or pore-forming substances in preferably Layers covering the frame and the filling are arranged. 3.) Components according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the foam and / or pore-forming substances are arranged in the filling. 4.) Components according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in the context, in particular in grooves or in any distributed cavities specially provided for this purpose are stored. 5.) Components according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that that they have fittings and the foam and! or pore-forming substances housed in the area of the fittings, in particular in cavities in these areas are. 6.) Construction elements according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that that the foam and / or pore-forming agents are arranged just below the surface are and / or are at least partially connected to the outside. 7.) Components according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that that especially the filling contains wood-based material, in particular wood-chip moldings or consists of it. 8.) Components according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that that the molded wooden body, in particular the filling, has a lower specific Have weight than 0.5-06. 9.) Components according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that that the molded wooden body, in particular due to the shape of the wood particles, with the foam or. pore-forming substances at least partially filled cavities exhibit. 10.) Components according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that that with the foam and / or pore-forming substances at least in part filled cavities are determined by the construction. 11.) Components according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that that the foam-forming and / or pore-forming substances are particularly important in the case of a layered arrangement are or contain binders at the same time. 12.) Components, in particular doors with key plates, according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the key plates in cavities lying behind the foam or contain pore-forming substances and Naat: especially with non-flammable key plates in the event of fire the escape of the heat-insulating foam, z. B. sieve-like openings are present. 13.) Components according to claim 17, characterized in that the key plates are made of materials that can easily be destroyed by heat. 14.) Components according to one of claims 12-13, characterized in that that the key plates are made of a foam and / or pore-forming material at fire temperatures Made of plastic.