EP0092406B1 - Langgestreckte elektrische Heizvorrichtung und Einrichtung mit solchen Vorrichtungen - Google Patents

Langgestreckte elektrische Heizvorrichtung und Einrichtung mit solchen Vorrichtungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0092406B1
EP0092406B1 EP83302156A EP83302156A EP0092406B1 EP 0092406 B1 EP0092406 B1 EP 0092406B1 EP 83302156 A EP83302156 A EP 83302156A EP 83302156 A EP83302156 A EP 83302156A EP 0092406 B1 EP0092406 B1 EP 0092406B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connection means
heating device
electrical
far end
power source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP83302156A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0092406A3 (en
EP0092406A2 (de
Inventor
John Arthur Midgley
Richard Henry Hulett
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Corp
Original Assignee
Raychem Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Corp filed Critical Raychem Corp
Priority to DE3382581T priority Critical patent/DE3382581T4/de
Priority to AT83302156T priority patent/ATE77527T1/de
Publication of EP0092406A2 publication Critical patent/EP0092406A2/de
Publication of EP0092406A3 publication Critical patent/EP0092406A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0092406B1 publication Critical patent/EP0092406B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables

Definitions

  • This invention relates to elongate electrical heating devices, and to circuits containing them.
  • Many elongate electrical heaters e.g. for heating pipes, tanks and other apparatus in the chemical process industry, comprise two (or more) relatively low resistance conductors which are connected at one end to the power source and run the length of the heater, with a plurality of heating elements connected in parallel with each other between the conductors.
  • An advantage of such heaters is that they can, if necessary, be cut to length.
  • the heating elements are in the form of a continuous or segmented strip of conductive polymer which lies between the conductors.
  • the heating elements are in the form of one or more resistive heating wires which progress down the length of the heater and are connected at intervals to alternate conductors; such heaters are usually referred to as zone heaters.
  • Zone heaters when cut to length, have a cold spot at the cut end, the length of the cold spot depending on where the cut is made.
  • elongate heaters are preferably self-regulating. This can be achieved, for example, in the first class given above, by using a continuous strip of conductive polymer at least a part of which exhibits PTC behavior, and in the second class, by connecting the heating wire(s) to one or both of the conductors through a connecting element composed of a PTC material.
  • a self-limiting heater strip sold by Raychem Corporation under its tradename AUTO-TRACE may be monitored by the Raychem AUTOSENSE system, whereby an insulated conductor electrically insulated from the heater strip but incorporated within a common outer jacket is used to monitor voltage to determine the continuity of the complete cable.
  • Our invention is based on the finding that a self-regulating electrical heating system of substantially greater length can be produced through the use of a three phase power source and three substantially identical composite heating devices of a particular kind.
  • the composite heating devices are arranged sequentially end to end to provide a heating system whose length is equal to the sum of the lengths of the individual devices.
  • the invention includes the composite heating devices, which are novel per se , and the heating systems made from them.
  • the present invention provides a composite electrical heating device comprising:
  • the present invention provides an electrical heating system which comprises
  • the terms “near end” and “far end” are used in this specification to identify the ends of the elongate connection means and the devices containing them. It is to be understood, however, that the invention includes not only systems in which each of the heating devices is located so that one end of the device is both physically and electrically nearer to the power supply than the other, but also systems in which the devices are arranged, e.g. in a loop, so that the "far end” electrically speaking, is physically closer to the power supply than the "near end” or so that the near and far ends are equidistant from the power supply.
  • the first, second, third, fourth and fifth electrical connection means will often be simple conductors, which can be composed of the same or different materials, e.g. round metal wires (which may be solid or stranded) or flat metal strips, and are sometimes simply referred to herein as conductors.
  • the first and second conductors (a) are substantially the same as each other; (b) have substantially the same cross-section throughout the length of the heater; (c) have a resistance which is as low as is consistent with other factors such as weight, flexibility and cost; and (d) are at a constant distance from each other (they may be for example, straight or spiralled).
  • the electrical elements which are connected in parallel with each other between the first and second connection means, will usually be the same as each other, but this is not necessary.
  • at least some of the elements comprise a PTC element, which can be composed of a conductive polymer or a ceramic.
  • the PTC element can itself be the sole heating element; alternatively it can have a ZTC resistive heating element in series with it.
  • the elements can be in the form of at least one element composed of a conductive polymer, for example a continuous strip or web of conductive polymer or a plurality of segments of conductive polymer.
  • the composition of the conductive polymer element maybe the same throughout, or can vary; thus the conductive polymer element can comprise two or more longitudinally extending components which have different electrical characteristics.
  • Suitable conductive polymer elements include
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are cross-section views of two embodiments of an elongate self-regulating electrical heater included in a composite electrical heating device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an electrical heating system according to the invention including three interconnected heating devices.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sections of heating devices in accordance with the invention.
  • a tube 114 of insulating polymeric material encloses (i) a PTC conductive polymer heater (101) which is composed of first and second conductors (1,2), a strip of PTC conductive polymer (11) in which the conductors are embedded, and an insulating jacket (12) which surrounds the conductive polymer strip; (ii) a third conductor (111) surrounded by an insulating jacket (13); (iii) a fourth conductor (112) surrounded by an insulating jacket (14); and (iv) a fifth conductor (113) surrounded by an insulating jacket (15).
  • Figure 3 shows how three heating devices of the invention, as shown for example in Figure 1 or 2, are connected to form a heating system of the invention, the dashed line being the connection to the neutral (N) from the junction point at the far end of the third heating device, through the third connection means of the first, second and third heating devices.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Elektrische Verbund-Heizvorrichtung, welche aufweist:
    (I) ein langgestrecktes selbstregelndes elektrisches Heizelement (101) mit einem nahen und einem fernen Ende, wobei das nahe und das ferne Ende sich an entgegengesetzten Enden des Heizelementes befinden und bei Nutzung das nahe Ende einer Stromversorgung für das Heizelement näher ist als das ferne Ende, wobei das Heizelement aufweist:
    (a) eine erste langgestreckte elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung (1) mit einem nahen und einem fernen Ende, wobei das nahe Ende der Stromversorgung näher ist als das ferne Ende,
    (b) eine zweite langgestreckte elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung (2), die der ersten Anschlußeinrichtung (1) benachbart ist und ein nahes und ein fernes Ende aufweist, wobei das nahe Ende der Stromversorgung näher ist als das ferne Ende, und
    (c) eine Vielzahl von elektrischen Elementen (11), die zueinander parallel zwischen die erste (1) und die zweite (2) elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung geschaltet sind; und
    (II) eine dritte langgestreckte elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung (11) , die einen metallischen Leiter aufweist und ein nahes und ein fernes Ende aufweist, wobei das nahe Ende der Stromversorgung näher ist als das ferne Ende, und die dem Heizelement benachbart, jedoch zwischen dessen nahem und fernem Ende diesem Element gegenüber elektrisch isoliert ist;
    wobei das Heizelement und die dritte Anschlußeinrichtung in einem elektrischen isolierenden Mantel (114) eingeschlossen sind;

    wobei die Vorrichtung gekennzeichnet ist durch eine vierte langgestreckte elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung (112) mit einem nahen und einem fernen Ende, welche dem Heizelement und der dritten Anschlußeinrichtung (111) benachbart, davon jedoch über die Länge der Vorrichtung isoliert ist, und die ein metallischer Leiter ist; und

    eine fünfte langgestreckte elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung (113) mit einem nahen und einem fernen Ende, die dem Heizelement und der dritten (111) und vierten (112) Anschlußeinrichtung benachbart, davon jedoch über die Länge der Vorrichtung isoliert ist, und die ein metallischer Leiter ist;

    und dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die vierte (112) und die fünfte (113) Anschlußeinrichtung in dem Isoliermantel (114) eingeschlossen sind;

    und daß das Heizelement und die dritte (111), vierte (112) und fünfte (113) Anschlußeinrichtung mit zwei weiteren Vorrichtungen derselben Art und mit einer Drehstromversorgung so zusammenbaubar sind, daß sie ein langgestrecktes elektrisches Heizsystem bilden, wobei die drei Vorrichtungen physisch in Längsrichtung so angeordnet sind, daß sie sich hintereinander von der Stromversorgung weg erstrecken und mittels der dritten, vierten und fünften Anschlußeinrichtung mit der Stromquelle und miteinander verbunden sind.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens 52 m und vorzugsweise mindestens 100 m lang ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vielzahl elektrischer Elemente einen kontinuierlichen Streifen (11) eines PTC-leitenden Polymers umfaßt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei welcher die erste (1) und zweite (2) elektrische Anschlußeinrichtung in dem leitfähigen Polymerstreifen eingebettete Metalldrähte sind.
  5. Elektrisches Heizsystem, welches aufweist:
    (1) eine Drehstromversorgung (Ø1, Ø2, Ø3); und
    (2) eine erste, zweite und dritte elektrische Verbund-Heizvorrichtung jeweils nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei jede der Heizvorrichtungen mindestens 52 m, vorzugsweise mindestens 100 m lang ist;
    wobei die erste, zweite und dritte Heizvorrichtung physisch in Längsrichtung so angeordnet sind, daß sie sich hintereinander von der Stromversorgung (8) weg erstrecken;

    wobei das nahe Ende der ersten Anschlußeinrichtung der ersten Heizvorrichtung mit dem ersten Strang (0) der Stromversorgung verbunden ist;

    wobei das nahe Ende der ersten Anschlußeinrichtung der zweiten Heizvorrichtung mit dem zweiten Strang (0) der Stromversorgung über die vierte Anschlußeinrichtung der ersten Heizvorrichtung verbunden ist;

    wobei das nahe Ende der ersten Anschlußeinrichtung der dritten Heizvorrichtung mit dem dritten Strang (0) der Stromversorgung über die fünfte Anschlußeinrichtung der ersten Heizvorrichtung und über die vierte Anschlußeinrichtung der zweiten Heizvorrichtung verbunden ist;

    wobei das ferne Ende der zweiten Anschlußeinrichtung der ersten Heizvorrichtung mit einem Anschlußpunkt am fernen Ende der dritten Heizvorrichtung über die fünfte Anschlußeinrichtung der zweiten Heizvorrichtung und über die vierte Anschlußeinrichtung der dritten Heizvorrichtung verbunden ist;

    wobei das ferne Ende der zweiten Anschlußeinrichtung der zweiten Heizvorrichtung mit dem Anschlußpunkt über die fünfte Anschlußeinrichtung der dritten Heizvorrichtung verbunden ist;

    wobei das ferne Ende der zweiten Anschlußeinrichtung der dritten Heizvorrichtung mit dem Anschlußpunkt verbunden ist; und

    wobei dar Anschlußpunkt mit dem Neutralleiter der Stromversorgung über die dritte Anschlußeinrichtung der ersten, zweiten und dritten Heizvorrichtung verbunden ist.
EP83302156A 1982-04-16 1983-04-15 Langgestreckte elektrische Heizvorrichtung und Einrichtung mit solchen Vorrichtungen Expired - Lifetime EP0092406B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3382581T DE3382581T4 (de) 1982-04-16 1983-04-15 Langgestreckte elektrische Heizvorrichtung und Einrichtung mit solchen Vorrichtungen.
AT83302156T ATE77527T1 (de) 1982-04-16 1983-04-15 Langgestreckte elektrische heizvorrichtung und einrichtung mit solchen vorrichtungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36930982A 1982-04-16 1982-04-16
US369309 1982-04-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0092406A2 EP0092406A2 (de) 1983-10-26
EP0092406A3 EP0092406A3 (en) 1984-02-29
EP0092406B1 true EP0092406B1 (de) 1992-06-17

Family

ID=23454938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83302156A Expired - Lifetime EP0092406B1 (de) 1982-04-16 1983-04-15 Langgestreckte elektrische Heizvorrichtung und Einrichtung mit solchen Vorrichtungen

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0092406B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5963690A (de)
KR (1) KR910004275B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE77527T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1207366A (de)
DE (1) DE3382581T4 (de)
GB (2) GB2118810B (de)
HK (2) HK39588A (de)
IN (1) IN159153B (de)
MY (1) MY102388A (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8417547D0 (en) * 1984-07-10 1984-08-15 Dreamland Electrical Apliances Electric blankets
US4849611A (en) * 1985-12-16 1989-07-18 Raychem Corporation Self-regulating heater employing reactive components
GB2202419A (en) * 1987-03-16 1988-09-21 Raychem Gmbh Interconnection of electric heating elements
DE8811264U1 (de) * 1988-09-02 1988-11-03 Monette Kabel- U. Elektrowerk Gmbh, 3550 Marburg Parallel-Heizband
GB2228396A (en) * 1989-02-20 1990-08-22 Emaco Electric hotplate
EP0793399B1 (de) * 1996-02-29 2003-05-28 Beru AG Selbstregelndes Heizelement
DE19948534A1 (de) * 1999-10-08 2001-04-19 Messer Ags Gmbh Zusatzheizung zum Abtauen von Eis für Druckaufbauverdampfer
DE50309125D1 (de) 2003-03-13 2008-03-20 Behr Gmbh & Co Kg Elektrische Heizeinrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
GB0817082D0 (en) 2008-09-18 2008-10-29 Heat Trace Ltd Heating cable
US20190141788A1 (en) * 2017-11-03 2019-05-09 Nvent Services Gmbh Pre-Heating Dual Heater With Improved In-Rush Performance

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3757086A (en) * 1972-10-05 1973-09-04 W Indoe Electrical heating cable
JPS579196B2 (de) * 1972-12-19 1982-02-19
US4177376A (en) * 1974-09-27 1979-12-04 Raychem Corporation Layered self-regulating heating article
US3947799A (en) * 1975-01-15 1976-03-30 Epaneshnikova Valentina Evgeni Printed resistor
GB1562086A (en) * 1975-08-04 1980-03-05 Raychem Corp Article with fabric electrodes
NL7511173A (nl) * 1975-09-23 1977-03-25 Philips Nv Zelfregelend verwarmingselement.
NL7603997A (nl) * 1976-04-15 1977-10-18 Philips Nv Elektrische verhittingsinrichting omvattende een weerstandslichaam uit p.t.c.-materiaal.
US4117312A (en) * 1976-07-22 1978-09-26 Thermon Manufacturing Company Self-limiting temperature electrical heating cable
US4246468A (en) * 1978-01-30 1981-01-20 Raychem Corporation Electrical devices containing PTC elements
GB1566151A (en) * 1978-03-13 1980-04-30 Rosemount Eng Co Ltd Printed resistance path devices
US4334351A (en) * 1980-05-19 1982-06-15 Raychem Corporation Novel PTC devices and their preparation
JPS6231995Y2 (de) * 1980-06-16 1987-08-15

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineering, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc 1967, pages 15-86, 15-87 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1207366A (en) 1986-07-08
GB2163330B (en) 1987-02-18
DE3382581T2 (de) 1995-03-02
GB8310334D0 (en) 1983-05-18
DE3382581T4 (de) 1995-10-12
GB2163330A (en) 1986-02-19
HK39588A (en) 1988-06-03
GB2118810A (en) 1983-11-02
HK39388A (en) 1988-06-03
GB2118810B (en) 1987-02-25
EP0092406A3 (en) 1984-02-29
GB8525177D0 (en) 1985-11-13
JPH0526316B2 (de) 1993-04-15
EP0092406A2 (de) 1983-10-26
MY102388A (en) 1992-06-17
ATE77527T1 (de) 1992-07-15
IN159153B (de) 1987-04-04
KR910004275B1 (en) 1991-06-25
KR840004656A (ko) 1984-10-22
JPS5963690A (ja) 1984-04-11

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