EP0092406B1 - Elongate electrical heating device and a system comprising such devices - Google Patents
Elongate electrical heating device and a system comprising such devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0092406B1 EP0092406B1 EP83302156A EP83302156A EP0092406B1 EP 0092406 B1 EP0092406 B1 EP 0092406B1 EP 83302156 A EP83302156 A EP 83302156A EP 83302156 A EP83302156 A EP 83302156A EP 0092406 B1 EP0092406 B1 EP 0092406B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connection means
- heating device
- electrical
- far end
- power source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 64
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
- H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
- H05B3/56—Heating cables
Definitions
- This invention relates to elongate electrical heating devices, and to circuits containing them.
- Many elongate electrical heaters e.g. for heating pipes, tanks and other apparatus in the chemical process industry, comprise two (or more) relatively low resistance conductors which are connected at one end to the power source and run the length of the heater, with a plurality of heating elements connected in parallel with each other between the conductors.
- An advantage of such heaters is that they can, if necessary, be cut to length.
- the heating elements are in the form of a continuous or segmented strip of conductive polymer which lies between the conductors.
- the heating elements are in the form of one or more resistive heating wires which progress down the length of the heater and are connected at intervals to alternate conductors; such heaters are usually referred to as zone heaters.
- Zone heaters when cut to length, have a cold spot at the cut end, the length of the cold spot depending on where the cut is made.
- elongate heaters are preferably self-regulating. This can be achieved, for example, in the first class given above, by using a continuous strip of conductive polymer at least a part of which exhibits PTC behavior, and in the second class, by connecting the heating wire(s) to one or both of the conductors through a connecting element composed of a PTC material.
- a self-limiting heater strip sold by Raychem Corporation under its tradename AUTO-TRACE may be monitored by the Raychem AUTOSENSE system, whereby an insulated conductor electrically insulated from the heater strip but incorporated within a common outer jacket is used to monitor voltage to determine the continuity of the complete cable.
- Our invention is based on the finding that a self-regulating electrical heating system of substantially greater length can be produced through the use of a three phase power source and three substantially identical composite heating devices of a particular kind.
- the composite heating devices are arranged sequentially end to end to provide a heating system whose length is equal to the sum of the lengths of the individual devices.
- the invention includes the composite heating devices, which are novel per se , and the heating systems made from them.
- the present invention provides a composite electrical heating device comprising:
- the present invention provides an electrical heating system which comprises
- the terms “near end” and “far end” are used in this specification to identify the ends of the elongate connection means and the devices containing them. It is to be understood, however, that the invention includes not only systems in which each of the heating devices is located so that one end of the device is both physically and electrically nearer to the power supply than the other, but also systems in which the devices are arranged, e.g. in a loop, so that the "far end” electrically speaking, is physically closer to the power supply than the "near end” or so that the near and far ends are equidistant from the power supply.
- the first, second, third, fourth and fifth electrical connection means will often be simple conductors, which can be composed of the same or different materials, e.g. round metal wires (which may be solid or stranded) or flat metal strips, and are sometimes simply referred to herein as conductors.
- the first and second conductors (a) are substantially the same as each other; (b) have substantially the same cross-section throughout the length of the heater; (c) have a resistance which is as low as is consistent with other factors such as weight, flexibility and cost; and (d) are at a constant distance from each other (they may be for example, straight or spiralled).
- the electrical elements which are connected in parallel with each other between the first and second connection means, will usually be the same as each other, but this is not necessary.
- at least some of the elements comprise a PTC element, which can be composed of a conductive polymer or a ceramic.
- the PTC element can itself be the sole heating element; alternatively it can have a ZTC resistive heating element in series with it.
- the elements can be in the form of at least one element composed of a conductive polymer, for example a continuous strip or web of conductive polymer or a plurality of segments of conductive polymer.
- the composition of the conductive polymer element maybe the same throughout, or can vary; thus the conductive polymer element can comprise two or more longitudinally extending components which have different electrical characteristics.
- Suitable conductive polymer elements include
- Figs. 1 and 2 are cross-section views of two embodiments of an elongate self-regulating electrical heater included in a composite electrical heating device according to the invention
- Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an electrical heating system according to the invention including three interconnected heating devices.
- Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sections of heating devices in accordance with the invention.
- a tube 114 of insulating polymeric material encloses (i) a PTC conductive polymer heater (101) which is composed of first and second conductors (1,2), a strip of PTC conductive polymer (11) in which the conductors are embedded, and an insulating jacket (12) which surrounds the conductive polymer strip; (ii) a third conductor (111) surrounded by an insulating jacket (13); (iii) a fourth conductor (112) surrounded by an insulating jacket (14); and (iv) a fifth conductor (113) surrounded by an insulating jacket (15).
- Figure 3 shows how three heating devices of the invention, as shown for example in Figure 1 or 2, are connected to form a heating system of the invention, the dashed line being the connection to the neutral (N) from the junction point at the far end of the third heating device, through the third connection means of the first, second and third heating devices.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to elongate electrical heating devices, and to circuits containing them.
- Many elongate electrical heaters, e.g. for heating pipes, tanks and other apparatus in the chemical process industry, comprise two (or more) relatively low resistance conductors which are connected at one end to the power source and run the length of the heater, with a plurality of heating elements connected in parallel with each other between the conductors. An advantage of such heaters is that they can, if necessary, be cut to length. In one class of such heaters, the heating elements are in the form of a continuous or segmented strip of conductive polymer which lies between the conductors. In a second class, the heating elements are in the form of one or more resistive heating wires which progress down the length of the heater and are connected at intervals to alternate conductors; such heaters are usually referred to as zone heaters. Zone heaters, when cut to length, have a cold spot at the cut end, the length of the cold spot depending on where the cut is made. For many uses, elongate heaters are preferably self-regulating. This can be achieved, for example, in the first class given above, by using a continuous strip of conductive polymer at least a part of which exhibits PTC behavior, and in the second class, by connecting the heating wire(s) to one or both of the conductors through a connecting element composed of a PTC material.
- Although the conductors in such elongate heaters are of relatively low resistance, there is still a finite loss of potential between them as the distance from the power source increases, and this limits the length of heater which can be employed, since the power generated by the heating elements depends in part upon the potential difference between the conductors. The maximum length of such a heater can be increased by increasing the size of the conductors, but this is expensive and results in a heater which is heavier and has reduced flexibility. Another limitation of self-regulating heaters is that their resistance, when cold, is often much less than their resistance at steady state operation; consequently they draw a much larger current then they are first switched on, and therefore suffer from the problem of current inrush. Another limitation of many heaters is that they can only be powered by supply voltages within a particular range.
- Elongate heaters of various kinds, and conductive polymers for use in such heaters, are disclosed in U. S. Patents Nos. 2,952,761, 2,978,665, 3,243,753, 3,351,882, 3,571,777, 3,757,086, 3,793,716, 3,823,217, 3,858,144, 3,861,029, 4,017,715, 4,072,848, 4,085,286, 4,117,312, 4,177,376, 4,177,446, 4,188,276, 4,237,441, 4,242,573, 4,246,468, 4,250,400, 4,255,698, 4,272,471, 4,314,230, 4,315,237, 4,318,881, 4,330,704, 4,334,351, and 4,361,799, J Applied Polymer Science 19, 813-815 (1975), Klason and Kubat; Polymer Engineering and Science 18, 649-653 (1978(, Narkis et al; and DE-A-2,634,999; DE-A-2,755,077; DE-A-2,746,602; DE-A-2,755,076; and DE-A-2,821,799; and published European Patent Applications Nos. 0038713, 0038714, 0038715, 0038718, 0063440 and 0067679.
- In the Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers (Mc Graw-Hill Book Co, 7th Edition, 1967, pages 15-86 and 15-87) there is disclosed an electrical loop circuit in which a plurality of receivers (electrical loads) connected in parallel with each other are supplied with power such that the electrical distance from one generator terminal to the other through any receiver is the same as that through any other receiver, and so that the voltage at the receivers is maintained more nearly equal.
- A self-limiting heater strip sold by Raychem Corporation under its tradename AUTO-TRACE may be monitored by the Raychem AUTOSENSE system, whereby an insulated conductor electrically insulated from the heater strip but incorporated within a common outer jacket is used to monitor voltage to determine the continuity of the complete cable.
- Our invention is based on the finding that a self-regulating electrical heating system of substantially greater length can be produced through the use of a three phase power source and three substantially identical composite heating devices of a particular kind. The composite heating devices are arranged sequentially end to end to provide a heating system whose length is equal to the sum of the lengths of the individual devices. The invention includes the composite heating devices, which are novel per se, and the heating systems made from them.
- Thus in one aspect, the present invention provides a composite electrical heating device comprising:
- (i) an elongate self-regulating electrical heater which has a near end and a far end, the near end and the far end being at opposite ends of the heater, and the near end, in use, being closer than the far end to a power source for the heater, and which comprises
- (a) a first elongate electrical connection means which has a near end and a far end, the near end being closer to the power source than the far end,
- (b) a second elongate electrical connection means which is adjacent the first connection means and which has a near end and a far end, the near end being closer to the power source than the far end, and
- (c) a plurality of electrical elements which are connected in parallel with each other between the first and second electrical connection means; and
- (ii) a third elongate electrical connection means which comprises a metal conductor and which has a near end and a far end, the near end being closer to the power source than the far end, and which is adjacent to the heater but electrically insulated therefrom, between the near and far ends thereof:
- In another aspect, the present invention provides an electrical heating system which comprises
- (1) a source of three phase electrical power; and
- (2) first, second and third composite electrical heating devices as defined above, each of the heating devices being at least 52 metres, preferably at least 100 metres long; the near end of the first connection means of the first heating device being connected to the first phase of the power source:
the near end of the first connection means of the second heating device being connected to the second phase of the power source through the fourth connection means of the first heating device:
the near end of the first connection means of the third heating device being connected to the third phase of the power source through the fifth connection means of the first heating device and the fourth connection means of the second heating device;
the far end of the second connection means of the first heating device being connected to a junction point at the far end of the third heating device through the fifth connection means of the second heating device and the fourth connection means of the third heating device;
the far end of the second connection means of the second heating device being connected to said junction point through the fifth connection means of the third heating device;
the far end of the second connection means of the third heating device being connected to said junction point; and
said junction point being connected to the neutral of the power source through the third connection means of the first, second and third heating devices. - For ease and clarity in describing and claiming the invention, the terms "near end" and "far end" are used in this specification to identify the ends of the elongate connection means and the devices containing them. It is to be understood, however, that the invention includes not only systems in which each of the heating devices is located so that one end of the device is both physically and electrically nearer to the power supply than the other, but also systems in which the devices are arranged, e.g. in a loop, so that the "far end" electrically speaking, is physically closer to the power supply than the "near end" or so that the near and far ends are equidistant from the power supply.
- The first, second, third, fourth and fifth electrical connection means will often be simple conductors, which can be composed of the same or different materials, e.g. round metal wires (which may be solid or stranded) or flat metal strips, and are sometimes simply referred to herein as conductors. Generally it is desirable that in each elongate heater, the first and second conductors (a) are substantially the same as each other; (b) have substantially the same cross-section throughout the length of the heater; (c) have a resistance which is as low as is consistent with other factors such as weight, flexibility and cost; and (d) are at a constant distance from each other (they may be for example, straight or spiralled).
- The electrical elements, which are connected in parallel with each other between the first and second connection means, will usually be the same as each other, but this is not necessary. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, at least some of the elements comprise a PTC element, which can be composed of a conductive polymer or a ceramic. The PTC element can itself be the sole heating element; alternatively it can have a ZTC resistive heating element in series with it. The elements can be in the form of at least one element composed of a conductive polymer, for example a continuous strip or web of conductive polymer or a plurality of segments of conductive polymer. The composition of the conductive polymer element maybe the same throughout, or can vary; thus the conductive polymer element can comprise two or more longitudinally extending components which have different electrical characteristics. Suitable conductive polymer elements include
- (a) elements which consist essentially of a conductive polymer which exhibits ZTC behavior; and
- (b) elements which comprise a PTC conductive polymer element, e.g. an element which consists essentially of a PTC conductive polymer or an element which comprises a ZTC component element and at least one PTC component element, for example at least one PTC component element which surrounds one of the elongate conductors.
- The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in which Figs. 1 and 2 are cross-section views of two embodiments of an elongate self-regulating electrical heater included in a composite electrical heating device according to the invention, and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an electrical heating system according to the invention including three interconnected heating devices.
- Referring now to the drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sections of heating devices in accordance with the invention. In each of Figures 1 and 2, a
tube 114 of insulating polymeric material encloses (i) a PTC conductive polymer heater (101) which is composed of first and second conductors (1,2), a strip of PTC conductive polymer (11) in which the conductors are embedded, and an insulating jacket (12) which surrounds the conductive polymer strip; (ii) a third conductor (111) surrounded by an insulating jacket (13); (iii) a fourth conductor (112) surrounded by an insulating jacket (14); and (iv) a fifth conductor (113) surrounded by an insulating jacket (15). Figure 3 shows how three heating devices of the invention, as shown for example in Figure 1 or 2, are connected to form a heating system of the invention, the dashed line being the connection to the neutral (N) from the junction point at the far end of the third heating device, through the third connection means of the first, second and third heating devices.
the device being characterised by a fourth elongate electrical connection means (112) which has a near end and far end, which is adjacent the heater and the third connection means but is insulated therefrom along the length of the device, and which is a metal conductor; and
a fifth elongate electrical connection means which has a near end and a far end, which is adjacent the heater and the third and fourth connection means but is insulated therefrom along the length of the device, and which is a metal conductor;
in that the fourth and fifth connection means are enclosed within the said insulating jacket;
and in that the heater and third, forth and fifth connection means are suitable for being assembled with two further devices of the same kind and with a source of three phase electrical power so as to form an elongate electrical heating system in which the three devices are physically located end-to-end so as to extend sequentially away from the power source and are interconnected with the power source and each other by means of the third, fourth and fifth connection means.
Claims (5)
- A composite electrical heating device comprising:(i) an elongate self-regulating electrical heater (101) which has a near end and a far end, the near end and the far end being at opposite ends of the heater, and the near end, in use, being closer than the far end to a power source for the heater, and which comprises(a) a first elongate electrical connection means (1) which has a near end and a far end, the near end being closer to the power source than the far end,(b) a second elongate electrical connection means (2) which is adjacent the first connection means (1) and which has a near end and a far end, the near end being closer to the power source than the far end, and(c) a plurality of electrical elements (11) which are connected in parallel with each other between the first (1) and second (2) electrical connection means; and(ii) a third elongate electrical connection means (111) which comprises a metal conductor and which has a near end and a far end, the near end being closer to the power source than the far end, and which is adjacent to the heater but electrically insulated therefrom between the near and far ends thereof;wherein the heater and the third connection means are enclosed within an electrically insulating jacket (114);
the device being characterised by a fourth elongate electrical connection means (112) which has a near end and far end, which is adjacent the heater and the third connection means (111) but is insulated therefrom along the length of the device, and which is a metal conductor; and
a fifth elongate electrical connection means (113) which has a near end and a far end, which is adjacent the heater and the third (111) and fourth (112) connection means but is insulated therefrom along the length of the device, and which is a metal conductor;
in that the fourth (112) and fifth (113) connection means are enclosed within the said insulating jacket (114);
and in that the heater and third (111), fourth (112) and fifth (113) connection means are suitable for being assembled with two further devices of the same kind and with a source of three phase electrical power so as to form an elongate electrical heating system in which the three devices are physically located end-to-end so as to extend sequentially away from the power source and are interconnected with the power source and each other by means of the third, fourth and fifth connection means. - A device according to claim 1, characterised in that it is at least 52 metres, and preferably at least 100 metres long.
- A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the plurality of electrical elements comprises a continuous strip (11) of a PTC conductive polymer.
- A device according to claim 3 wherein the first (1) and second (2) electrical connection means are metal wires that are embedded in the conductive polymer strip.
- An electrical heating system comprising(1) a source of three phase electrical power (Ø1,Ø2,Ø3); and(2) first, second, and third composite electrical heating devices, each of which is in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4, and each of which is at least 52 metres, and preferably at least 100 metres long;the first, second, and third heating devices being physically located end-to-end so as to extend sequentially away from the power source (8);
the near end of the first connection means of the first heating device being connected to the first phase (Ø1) of the power source;
the near end of the first connection means of the second heating device being connected to the second phase (Ø2) of the power source through the fourth connection means of the first heating device;
the near end of the first connection means of the third heating device being connected to the third phase (Ø3) of the power source through the fifth connection means of the first heating device and the fourth connection means of the second heating device;
the far end of the second connection means of the first heating device being connected to a junction point at the far end of the third heating device through the fifth connection means of the second heating device and the fourth connection means of the third heating device;
the far end of the second connection means of the second heating device being connected to said junction point through the fifth connection means of the third heating device;
the far end of the second connection means of the third heating device being connected to said junction point; and
said junction point being connected to the neutral of the power source through the third connection means of the first, second and third heating devices.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83302156T ATE77527T1 (en) | 1982-04-16 | 1983-04-15 | EXTENDED ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE AND EQUIPMENT WITH SUCH DEVICES. |
DE3382581T DE3382581T4 (en) | 1982-04-16 | 1983-04-15 | Elongated electric heater and device with such devices. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US36930982A | 1982-04-16 | 1982-04-16 | |
US369309 | 1982-04-16 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0092406A2 EP0092406A2 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
EP0092406A3 EP0092406A3 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
EP0092406B1 true EP0092406B1 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
Family
ID=23454938
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83302156A Expired - Lifetime EP0092406B1 (en) | 1982-04-16 | 1983-04-15 | Elongate electrical heating device and a system comprising such devices |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0092406B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5963690A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910004275B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE77527T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1207366A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3382581T4 (en) |
GB (2) | GB2118810B (en) |
HK (2) | HK39388A (en) |
IN (1) | IN159153B (en) |
MY (1) | MY102388A (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8417547D0 (en) * | 1984-07-10 | 1984-08-15 | Dreamland Electrical Apliances | Electric blankets |
US4849611A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1989-07-18 | Raychem Corporation | Self-regulating heater employing reactive components |
GB2202419A (en) * | 1987-03-16 | 1988-09-21 | Raychem Gmbh | Interconnection of electric heating elements |
DE8811264U1 (en) * | 1988-09-02 | 1988-11-03 | Monette Kabel- U. Elektrowerk Gmbh, 3550 Marburg, De | |
GB2228396A (en) * | 1989-02-20 | 1990-08-22 | Emaco | Electric hotplate |
ES2194133T3 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 2003-11-16 | Beru Ag | SELF-REGULATING HEATING ELEMENT. |
DE19948534A1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Messer Ags Gmbh | Electric auxiliary heater for thawing ice for pressure build up evaporators in cryo-storage containers in cold carburetor with high liquid gas removal with pressure build up evaporator consisting of aluminum longitudinal ribbed tube |
ATE385470T1 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2008-02-15 | Behr Gmbh & Co Kg | ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
GB0817082D0 (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2008-10-29 | Heat Trace Ltd | Heating cable |
EP3481144A1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-08 | Pentair Thermal Management LLC | Pre-heating dual heater with improved in-rush performance |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3757086A (en) * | 1972-10-05 | 1973-09-04 | W Indoe | Electrical heating cable |
JPS579196B2 (en) * | 1972-12-19 | 1982-02-19 | ||
US4177376A (en) * | 1974-09-27 | 1979-12-04 | Raychem Corporation | Layered self-regulating heating article |
US3947799A (en) * | 1975-01-15 | 1976-03-30 | Epaneshnikova Valentina Evgeni | Printed resistor |
GB1562086A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1980-03-05 | Raychem Corp | Article with fabric electrodes |
NL7511173A (en) * | 1975-09-23 | 1977-03-25 | Philips Nv | SELF-REGULATING HEATING ELEMENT. |
NL7603997A (en) * | 1976-04-15 | 1977-10-18 | Philips Nv | ELECTRICAL HEATING DEVICE CONTAINING A RESISTANCE BODY OF PTC MATERIAL. |
US4117312A (en) * | 1976-07-22 | 1978-09-26 | Thermon Manufacturing Company | Self-limiting temperature electrical heating cable |
US4246468A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1981-01-20 | Raychem Corporation | Electrical devices containing PTC elements |
GB1566151A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1980-04-30 | Rosemount Eng Co Ltd | Printed resistance path devices |
US4334351A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-06-15 | Raychem Corporation | Novel PTC devices and their preparation |
JPS6231995Y2 (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1987-08-15 |
-
1983
- 1983-04-15 EP EP83302156A patent/EP0092406B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-04-15 CA CA000425959A patent/CA1207366A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-15 DE DE3382581T patent/DE3382581T4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-04-15 KR KR8301588A patent/KR910004275B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-15 AT AT83302156T patent/ATE77527T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-04-15 GB GB08310334A patent/GB2118810B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-15 JP JP58067662A patent/JPS5963690A/en active Granted
- 1983-04-15 IN IN442/CAL/83A patent/IN159153B/en unknown
-
1985
- 1985-10-11 GB GB08525177A patent/GB2163330B/en not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-09-30 MY MYPI87002529A patent/MY102388A/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-05-26 HK HK393/88A patent/HK39388A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-05-26 HK HK395/88A patent/HK39588A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineering, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc 1967, pages 15-86, 15-87 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE77527T1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
KR910004275B1 (en) | 1991-06-25 |
EP0092406A3 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
KR840004656A (en) | 1984-10-22 |
HK39588A (en) | 1988-06-03 |
GB2163330B (en) | 1987-02-18 |
GB2163330A (en) | 1986-02-19 |
GB8310334D0 (en) | 1983-05-18 |
DE3382581T2 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
GB8525177D0 (en) | 1985-11-13 |
GB2118810A (en) | 1983-11-02 |
HK39388A (en) | 1988-06-03 |
JPH0526316B2 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
JPS5963690A (en) | 1984-04-11 |
EP0092406A2 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
CA1207366A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
MY102388A (en) | 1992-06-17 |
GB2118810B (en) | 1987-02-25 |
IN159153B (en) | 1987-04-04 |
DE3382581T4 (en) | 1995-10-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4574188A (en) | Elongate electrical assemblies | |
KR910000829B1 (en) | Elongate electrical heaters | |
EP0092406B1 (en) | Elongate electrical heating device and a system comprising such devices | |
EP0227405A2 (en) | Self-regulating heater employing reactive components | |
EP0202896A2 (en) | Electrical sheet heaters | |
KR910009419A (en) | Connecting components with electrical resistors for the mutual bonding of plastic elements by thermal welding | |
EP0475458B1 (en) | Elongated parallel, constant wattage heating cable | |
US4582983A (en) | Elongate electrical assemblies | |
ATE268099T1 (en) | HEATING LINE | |
EP0122071B1 (en) | Electric heating tape or the like with diagonal electricity feed | |
US4659913A (en) | Elongate electrical assemblies | |
KR940006521B1 (en) | Electric heater | |
EP0287898B1 (en) | Flexible, elongated thermistor heating cable | |
US4308448A (en) | Heating cable with a specific heating capacity | |
CA1241689A (en) | Modular electrical heater | |
US4791276A (en) | Elongate electrical assemblies | |
GB2236236A (en) | Electric heating cable | |
CA2098154C (en) | Heating cable | |
RU99101787A (en) | ELECTRIC HEATING CABLE (OPTIONS) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19830503 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR IT LI NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR IT LI NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19860212 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: RAYCHEM CORPORATION (A DELAWARE CORPORATION) |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 77527 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19920715 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3382581 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19920723 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: MODIANO & ASSOCIATI S.R |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 83302156.1 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19960411 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19960417 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19960612 Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19970415 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19970416 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19970430 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: RAYCHEM CORP. (A DELAWARE CORP.) Effective date: 19970430 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 83302156.1 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20010409 Year of fee payment: 19 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20010409 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20010412 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20010430 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020430 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020430 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021101 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20021231 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20021101 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |