EP0089862B2 - Koksofenbatterie und Verfahren zum Reparieren alter Batterien - Google Patents
Koksofenbatterie und Verfahren zum Reparieren alter Batterien Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0089862B2 EP0089862B2 EP83400404A EP83400404A EP0089862B2 EP 0089862 B2 EP0089862 B2 EP 0089862B2 EP 83400404 A EP83400404 A EP 83400404A EP 83400404 A EP83400404 A EP 83400404A EP 0089862 B2 EP0089862 B2 EP 0089862B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bonders
- stretchers
- adjacent
- vertical
- plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
- C10B29/02—Brickwork, e.g. casings, linings, walls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B25/00—Doors or closures for coke ovens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B29/00—Other details of coke ovens
- C10B29/06—Preventing or repairing leakages of the brickwork
Definitions
- the invention relates to a battery of coke ovens and to a method for repairing old batteries.
- the coke oven batteries are composed (see in cross section in fig. 1) of a central part 1 of coal distillation, of a front part 2 or machinery and of a rear part 3 of coke outlet .
- the central part 1 essentially consists of a brick structure produced on a base 4 and comprising at 5 a regenerator and at 7 an alternating arrangement, in the longitudinal direction, of oven cells 8 and sides 9 (see fig. 2 ).
- the oven cells 8 are intended to contain the coal to be distilled and have upper orifices 10 for loading the cells into coal via the hoppers 11 of a charging machine 12 (in the case of charging by gravity).
- the sides 9 are divided from the front of the battery and towards the rear by a succession of spacers 13 delimiting flues 14 supplied with air and gas so that the heat released by the combustion of the gas produces the distillation of the harden adjacent 8 oven cells.
- the front part 2 consists of an unloader 15, movable longitudinally to the battery of ovens on rails 15 1 , this unloader being provided with a ram 15 2 , movable in the direction of the arrow F, in order to penetrate by the front port 8 2 of the opposite oven cell for pushing the coke salmon out of this cell through the rear port 8 1 .
- This front part 2 also includes, as shown in FIG. 1, a collector 16 of the gas produced during the distillation of the coal, this gas being brought to this collector by a riser 16, and a barrel 16 2 .
- the rear part of the coke oven battery comprises a coke guide 17 movable longitudinally on rails 17y in order to be placed in front of the rear orifice 8 1 of the oven cell 8 to be unloaded, and a coke wagon 18, movable longitudinally with the battery on rails 18 1 so that, when an oven cell 8 is discharged by the ram 15 2 , the coke salmon is deposited in a layer of uniform thickness on the coke wagon 18 which moves in synchronism with the fall of coke.
- This rear part 3 also includes a coke platform 19 on which the coke from the wagon 18 is poured for cooling after extinction.
- the flues 14 of the corners are supplied with air and gas in alternating cycles, the air supply being effected by means of the cells of the regenerator so that the air supplying half of the flues is heated by the cells of the regenerator which were, in the previous cycle, heated by the fumes resulting from the combustion of the gas.
- the pedestals 9, alternated with the oven cells 8, are produced according to a construction method which is shown in FIG. 2 in horizontal section along A-A of fig. 1 and in fig. 3 in perspective.
- the pedestals 9, separating the oven cells 8, are made by a brick construction surrounded by a vertical metal frame 21, while the rear ends 8 1 of the cells 8 are closed by doors 22 which are open during the feeding of the salmon of coke.
- This construction of the piers consists of bunk beds 23 1 , 23 2 , 23 3 , etc. which, to constitute the lateral partitions 24 separating the flues from the oven cells, each consist of panniers 25 and of struts 26, the struts 25 being arranged at the height of the flues 14, while the struts 26 extend, for the same bed, one in two spacers.
- the two adjoining panneresses of the same bed have their joint plane located in the middle of the end faces of headers of the upper and lower beds, so that the joint plane 27 of two adjoining panniers of a bed is located vertically in the middle of the width of the end faces of the two headers 26 of the lower and upper beds (see fig. 3).
- the batteries of known coke ovens often exhibit, after a few years of operation, damage to the walls 24, whether on the rear side (coke side) or on the front side (machine side), these damage being established on a length corresponding to several flues 14.
- the intervention that is required is more important on the coke side than on the machine side because of the abrasion effect of the coke during its discharge and the heating of the metal parts which it causes.
- the reconstruction of the heads of the sides is carried out as follows: the temperature of the sides 9 to be repaired and that of the adjacent sides is lowered to around 1000 ° C., the heating is cut off on the carnals 14 which must be demolished and rebuilt, and the walls are walled the oven cells 8 concerned by the sidewalls to be repaired beyond the repair to be carried out relative to the end of the oven, the walls whose flues are kept heated are provided with thermal protections and the flues to be repaired are demolished reexpecting the rules of the art, that is to say by protecting the air and gas inlets against the fall of rubble.
- the repairs include that of the cover, the vaults and cover corresponding to the piers to be repaired are also demolished, otherwise, before the demolition of the flues, the vaults are supported or suspended.
- the first method it is necessary to fit in, on the basis of one seat out of two, new cold panneresses between the old hot headers and, for example by supposing that the repair is carried out up to line 29 fig. 3, it is necessary to fit new and cold panniers 25, between old and hot struts 26 1 ,
- each embedded brick takes its expansion on itself by compressing the binder without its expansion reacting on the new brick which lies.
- the walls 24 are cut along a vertical plane 30, perpendicular to the wall and from top to bottom of the walls, this vertical plane passing through the middle of the headers 26 2 of this plan.
- This second method however has significant drawbacks and in particular sawing the pedestal is not without shaking the assembly which is a complex assembly of bricks linked together by sorts of tenons and mortises.
- this second method leads to weakening the headers 26 2 whose width is reduced by half at the height of the joint plane 30, while it is very difficult to obtain a vertical sliding joint which is tight and to avoid consequently the leakage of gas towards the flue or smoke towards the cell, which again leads to the rapid deterioration of the walls and the need for important and delicate follow-up maintenance.
- British Patent No. 2050586 describes a repair process consisting in sawing vertically the damaged part in line with one of the lateral faces of the headers, the adjacent pannieresses are therefore cut along the joint plane, and the preserved pannier part is assembled with a repair brick with an internal cover tab.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks and to this end relates to a battery of coke ovens comprising a brick structure assembled by a binder and placed above a regenerator, this structure delimiting, in the longitudinal direction of the battery, an alternating succession of furnace cells containing the coal to be distilled and pedestals supplied with air and gas for hearing the heat released by the combustion of the gas ensures the coking of the coal introduced into the cells, the cells ( or ovens) being provided at their upper end with holes for loading the distilled coal cells, at their rear end with an orifice for discharging coke towards a coke guide and a coke wagon and at their front end d '' an opening for the passage of a ram for the discharge of coke salmon through the rear opening, each pedestal being divided internally and vertically into flues by spacers, tand is that the walls of the sides also constituting the walls of the adjacent oven cells are constituted by a stack of horizontal beds of bricks fitted with tenons and mortises, each
- the rod consists of elements made of refractory material (silica or silico-aluminous), the length of which is greater than the thickness of a bed of panniers and headers.
- the vertical joint plane is established at the height of the second spacer of the piers counted from the front and / or rear ends of these piers.
- the object of the present invention is therefore the production of a new coke oven battery or the repair of old batteries which make it possible to avoid, or at least to reduce significantly, the harmful effects resulting from temperature variations and which result in the deterioration of ovens (cracking of joints or bricks, stripping of joints, etc ).
- the present invention also makes it possible to use materials of a different nature having different characteristics, in particular relating to resistance to thermal shock or resistance to high temperatures, so as to increase the reliability of the construction.
- the present invention makes it possible to facilitate the construction and repair of oven batteries, as well as to maintain a tight seal at the height of the parts of ovens subjected to different temperature conditions and therefore capable of moving relative to one another. to the other.
- These legs are divided from front to back, by the spacers 31 delimiting the flues 32, the side walls 33 of these legs, which also constitute the walls of the adjacent oven cells 8, being produced by a vertical stacking of beds horizontal 34 1 , 34 2 , 34 3 each made using panniers 35 and headers 36 assembled by a binder.
- two consecutive struts 36 are separated by two adjoining panniers, while from each bed with adjacent lower and upper beds, the junction plane 38 of two contiguous panniers is located in the middle of the end face of the struts of the beds upper and lower adjacent.
- this construction is modified near one or both ends of the sides, so as to establish a joint plane which in the example shown is located in a vertical plane 39.
- the panneresses 35 arranged opposite this plane 39 relative to the adjacent end of the pedestal, have a length such that one of their end faces is located in this joint plane 39.
- the facing pannieresses 35 2 which are situated on the side of the adjacent end of the pedestal with respect to this plane 39, are shortened by a corresponding length so that one of their end faces is also located in this shot 39.
- This plane 39 is thus, in the example shown, situated at the height of a vertical alignment of a lateral face of the struts 36 and of the side of the lateral edge of these struts which is directed towards the end of the pedestal, as is note in fig. 6 and 7.
- the joint plane 39 may also be located, if desired, at 39, on the opposite side of the headers 36.
- a rod 41 of this assembly 40 is rectilinear and constituted by an independent element, in the example of square section.
- This rod 41 is housed with the interposition of a binder 42, in recesses 43 of corresponding shape, with a V-profile on the embodiment iliustré in FIG. 8, which are formed vertically opposite one another in the end faces of the pannieresses or the lateral faces of the headers and thus determining vertical grooves.
- This rod and the recesses may be of various geometric shapes.
- these rods 41 are of a length greater than the thickness of a bed 34 1 , 34 2 , 34 3 , etc., that is to say greater than the thickness of a pannier or a header and are arranged so that a rod 41, located at the level of a bed, protrudes by its ends in the upper and lower adjacent beds and preferably over half the height of these adjacent beds.
- the length of a rod is therefore equal to twice the thickness of each bed.
- this joint plane 39 is preferably made at the height of the second spacer 31 counted from the adjacent end of the pedestal.
- this joint plane 39 is disposed between the zones which, during the operation of the battery, are subjected to different temperature conditions resulting for example from the greater action of the temperature of the ambient air on the ends of the walls or more significant cooling of the ends of the walls when the adjacent oven cells are discharged.
- the inner part of the pedestal relative to the joint plane 39 can be made using a siliceous material which is resistant to high temperatures but less well to thermal shock whereas, on the contrary, the part of the pedestal located towards its end relative to this plane 39 will be made using a material which is less resistant to high temperatures but better to thermal shock (silico-aluminous or other ).
- the headers 36 may include stops 44 for positioning the shortest panniers 35 2 coming s 'apply against them.
- each affected pedestal is demolished up to the vertical plane 39 to be produced, that is to say just upstream of a spacer relative to the adjacent end of the oven.
- panners 35 are put in place of the existing panners, these panners being dimensioned so that their end face directed towards the end of the pedestal is located at the height of this plane 39, that is to say in the extension of the lateral faces of the headers constituting the adjacent upper and lower beds.
- a corresponding V-shaped groove is cut in the lateral face of the headers so that this set of headers and pannieresses presents towards the outside of the furnace and therefore towards the part to be reconstructed, a vertical plane face, perpendicular to the wall and in which there is a groove, for example V-shaped, constituting an assembly groove with which the new part to be constructed will cooperate with the old part.
- the construction of the new part is then carried out by mounting the shorter panniers 35 2 , one bed out of two, up to the last flue 32 to be repaired (second flue in the example shown in FIG. 6).
- panneresses which are situated at the height of this vertical joint plane are also provided with a groove, whether they are normal panneresses or shortened panneresses 35 2 adjacent to the upper and lower beds.
- the rod 41 is put in place with the interposition of a binder so that this joint allows free vertical expansion of the new part with respect to the old part without it being exerted constraints on each other and while retaining the tightness of assembly between these two parts.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83400404T ATE17018T1 (de) | 1982-03-10 | 1983-02-28 | Koksofenbatterie und verfahren zum reparieren alter batterien. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8204033 | 1982-03-10 | ||
FR8204033A FR2523148B1 (fr) | 1982-03-10 | 1982-03-10 | Batterie de fours a coke et procede pour la reparation de batteries anciennes |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0089862A1 EP0089862A1 (de) | 1983-09-28 |
EP0089862B1 EP0089862B1 (de) | 1985-12-18 |
EP0089862B2 true EP0089862B2 (de) | 1988-11-17 |
Family
ID=9271832
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83400404A Expired EP0089862B2 (de) | 1982-03-10 | 1983-02-28 | Koksofenbatterie und Verfahren zum Reparieren alter Batterien |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4545860A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0089862B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS58167675A (de) |
KR (1) | KR840003678A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE17018T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU557699B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1224176A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3361518D1 (de) |
ES (2) | ES8404398A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2523148B1 (de) |
GR (1) | GR78107B (de) |
PT (1) | PT76363B (de) |
SU (1) | SU1358788A3 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA831386B (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5227106A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1993-07-13 | Tonawanda Coke Corporation | Process for making large size cast monolithic refractory repair modules suitable for use in a coke oven repair |
DE4231922A1 (de) * | 1992-09-24 | 1994-03-31 | Krupp Koppers Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erneuerung der Heizwände einer Koksofenbatterie |
NL9300558A (nl) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-17 | Hoogovens Groep Bv | Cokesovenbatterij met een gerepareerde verbrandingswand. |
EP1067167A3 (de) * | 1999-07-05 | 2003-02-05 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur Reparatur eines Koksofen und Eintragsvorrichtung für Auskleidungsblöcke |
WO2003062353A1 (en) * | 2002-01-23 | 2003-07-31 | Texaco Development Corporation | Refractory protected, replaceable insert for a gasifier |
ITGE20040012A1 (it) * | 2004-02-18 | 2004-05-18 | Sms Demag S P A | Metodo per il rinforzo delle pareti delle batterie delle camera dei forni di fabbricazione del coke. |
JP5145714B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-12 | 2013-02-20 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | コークス炉の補修方法 |
US7827689B2 (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2010-11-09 | Vanocur Refractories, L.L.C. | Coke oven reconstruction |
JP5365040B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2013-12-11 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | コークス炉の補修方法 |
BR102016009636B1 (pt) * | 2016-04-29 | 2021-06-01 | Paul Wurth Do Brasil Tecnologia E Solucoes Industriais Ltda. | Método para reparo de fornos de coque |
USD833590S1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-11-13 | Fosbel, Inc. | Coke oven wall block assembly |
JP7127551B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-17 | 2022-08-30 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | コークス炉の炉壁補修方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1707858A (en) * | 1926-07-14 | 1929-04-02 | Edward C Hurlbert | Building construction |
US1816322A (en) * | 1926-12-16 | 1931-07-28 | Robert L Frink | Method of retaining and sealing furnace structure |
FR674289A (fr) * | 1929-04-30 | 1930-01-27 | Meyer Ludwig Chem Fab | Produits pour enlever les couleurs et vernis |
US2158139A (en) * | 1936-08-04 | 1939-05-16 | Semet Solvay Eng Corp | Regenerator of a coke oven battery |
GB511310A (en) * | 1937-05-07 | 1939-08-16 | Koppers Co Inc | Improvements in or relating to coke oven structure |
DE812205C (de) * | 1949-06-12 | 1951-08-27 | Johannes Schierling | Blockstein fuer Waende |
AT228993B (de) * | 1961-06-28 | 1963-08-12 | Arnold Skoog | Bewehrtes Holz |
US4059885A (en) * | 1975-03-19 | 1977-11-29 | Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.M.B.H. | Process for partial restoration of a coke oven battery |
DE2914387C2 (de) * | 1979-04-10 | 1982-07-01 | Carl Still Gmbh & Co Kg, 4350 Recklinghausen | Ausbildung der Heizwände für Horizontalkammerverkokungsöfen |
DE2921171C2 (de) * | 1979-05-25 | 1986-04-03 | Dr. C. Otto & Co Gmbh, 4630 Bochum | Verfahren zur Erneuerung des Mauerwerks von Verkokungsöfen |
-
1982
- 1982-03-10 FR FR8204033A patent/FR2523148B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-02-14 GR GR70482A patent/GR78107B/el unknown
- 1983-02-28 EP EP83400404A patent/EP0089862B2/de not_active Expired
- 1983-02-28 DE DE8383400404T patent/DE3361518D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-02-28 AT AT83400404T patent/ATE17018T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-03-01 ZA ZA831386A patent/ZA831386B/xx unknown
- 1983-03-09 SU SU833560206A patent/SU1358788A3/ru active
- 1983-03-09 AU AU12198/83A patent/AU557699B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-03-09 PT PT76363A patent/PT76363B/pt unknown
- 1983-03-09 JP JP58039965A patent/JPS58167675A/ja active Pending
- 1983-03-09 CA CA000423190A patent/CA1224176A/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-03-09 ES ES83520452A patent/ES8404398A1/es not_active Expired
- 1983-03-10 US US06/474,012 patent/US4545860A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-03-10 KR KR1019830000958A patent/KR840003678A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1984
- 1984-01-31 ES ES529344A patent/ES529344A0/es active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3361518D1 (en) | 1986-01-30 |
ES520452A0 (es) | 1984-05-01 |
EP0089862A1 (de) | 1983-09-28 |
EP0089862B1 (de) | 1985-12-18 |
PT76363A (fr) | 1983-04-01 |
ES8404398A1 (es) | 1984-05-01 |
US4545860A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
ZA831386B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
AU557699B2 (en) | 1987-01-08 |
FR2523148B1 (fr) | 1985-08-16 |
FR2523148A1 (fr) | 1983-09-16 |
KR840003678A (ko) | 1984-09-15 |
ES8502721A1 (es) | 1985-01-16 |
ES529344A0 (es) | 1985-01-16 |
CA1224176A (fr) | 1987-07-14 |
AU1219883A (en) | 1984-09-13 |
PT76363B (fr) | 1985-11-13 |
JPS58167675A (ja) | 1983-10-03 |
SU1358788A3 (ru) | 1987-12-07 |
ATE17018T1 (de) | 1986-01-15 |
GR78107B (de) | 1984-09-26 |
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BE881263A (fr) | Four et procede de chargement et d'obturation de la chambre d'un tel four |
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