EP0379406A1 - Hinterer Querriegel einer Form zum Druckgiessen von metallischen Plattenprodukten oder Brammen - Google Patents
Hinterer Querriegel einer Form zum Druckgiessen von metallischen Plattenprodukten oder Brammen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0379406A1 EP0379406A1 EP90400094A EP90400094A EP0379406A1 EP 0379406 A1 EP0379406 A1 EP 0379406A1 EP 90400094 A EP90400094 A EP 90400094A EP 90400094 A EP90400094 A EP 90400094A EP 0379406 A1 EP0379406 A1 EP 0379406A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spacer
- mold
- hollow body
- wall
- spacer according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
- B22D7/08—Divided ingot moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rear spacer of a die casting mold for flat metal products of great thickness such as slabs.
- a casting process has been known and used for a long time which consists in introducing a pocket containing the metal to be poured inside a tank which is then closed by a cover applied in leaktight manner to the upper edge of the tank.
- the cover of the tank carries a tube of refractory material, the lower part of which dips into the metal filling the pocket and the upper part of which communicates with a through opening in the cover of the tank provided with means for connection to a metal pouring nozzle. in a mold.
- the assembly constituted by the tank containing the pocket and provided with its closing cover can be brought into the casting position below a mold comprising a filling nozzle at its lower part.
- the mold filling nozzle is placed in coincidence and in leaktight contact with the bag cover connection device, then pressurized air is sent inside the tank so as to cause the metal to rise. inside the refractory tube, then inside the mold, until it is completely filled.
- This pressure casting process can be applied to the production of thick flat steel products such as slabs.
- the molds used for the die casting of the slabs comprise a support and tilting frame mounted to pivot about a horizontal axis so that it can be tilted very slightly relative to the horizontal plane in order to connect the filling nozzle of the mold to the opening of the tank cover before starting the casting operation.
- the mold mainly comprises two large side walls arranged parallel to one another, the internal faces of which lined with graphite blocks constitute the surfaces of the mold coming into contact with the liquid metal to delimit the two. large faces of the slab.
- the width of the spacers in the transverse direction determines the thickness of the flat product which is poured.
- One of these spacers closes the parallelepipedal casting cavity, in a direction corresponding to the width of the slab, on the side of the mold opposite its anterior end by which the liquid metal enters the casting cavity.
- This spacer is arranged in a substantially vertical direction and can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the mold corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the slab by a device carried by the rear part of the support and tilting frame.
- This rear spacer makes it possible to adjust the length of the casting cavity and therefore the length of the slab which is molded.
- the liquid metal which is introduced into the casting cavity through the lower end of its front part first comes into contact with the lower spacer and then reaches the rear spacer, the lower end of which is at a level slightly higher than the level of introduction of the liquid metal, the chassis being tilted slightly forward in the casting position.
- the liquid metal then rises progressively inside the casting cavity, the rear spacer being in contact with a layer of liquid metal whose height gradually increases.
- the part of the rear spacer constituting the molding wall of the rear end face of the slab coming into direct contact with the liquid metal is thus subjected to stresses and to a much more unfavorable thermal regime than the lower spacer which is brought into thermal equilibrium with the liquid metal over its entire length from the start of the casting and that the upper spacer which does not come into contact with the liquid metal until the end of casting.
- the rear spacer of the casting mold is constituted by a carbon steel block with a substantially square or rectangular section, the length of which corresponds substantially to the total length of the rear spacer and which is machined on one of its faces to constitute a cooling water circulation channel.
- the stainless steel molding wall is attached to the face of the carbon steel block so as to completely seal the cooling channel, on the side of the casting cavity of the slab.
- the cooling channel can also be machined in the thickness of the stainless steel wall which is attached against a flat face of the carbon steel block constituting the structure of the spacer.
- the stainless steel plate is welded to the carbon steel block, over its entire periphery in an area close to the hottest part of the spacer during casting, undergoing the greatest thermal stresses.
- the cooling water is caused to circulate over a substantial part of the length of the molding wall and in contact with its rear face opposite to the cast metal, by means of supply and recovery channels of water passing through the block in carbon steel constituting the rear part of the spacer.
- the cooling water generally flows from bottom to top, along the length of the spacer.
- the carbon steel block constituting the rear part of the spacer may have successive transverse slots delimiting parts of the spacer that can expand independently of one another. , in a certain way.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a rear spacer for a die-casting mold for flat metal products of great thickness such as slabs which ensures the closing of the mold in the direction of the width of the slab, on the side opposite the arrival of the molten metal in the mold, connected to a device for moving in the longitudinal direction of the mold carried by the rear part of the chassis, so as to present towards the inside of the mold cavity a metal molding wall cooled by a circulation of water, this spacer to avoid any risk of water entering the mold cavity during casting.
- the rear spacer comprises: a body in a single metal piece of hollow shape having a U-shaped cross section whose concave part is directed towards the rear and whose front face corresponding to the base of the U constitutes the molding wall coming into contact with cast metal, - a metallic inner jacket curved so as to have a cross section substantially in the shape of a U, arranged inside the hollow body over a substantial part of its length, so that a thin free space including the cross section is U-shaped or formed between the hollow body and the inner liner, the end of the walls corresponding to the branches of the U is welded inside the hollow body over their entire length, in areas remote from the wall of molding, - And two cooling water supply and recovery devices, respectively, arranged in the longitudinal end parts of the hollow body in communication with the free space at its ends, so as to establish a circulation of water of cooling in the free space, in contact with the interior surface of the hollow body.
- an assembly of a slab pressure casting mold is generally designated by the reference 1.
- This mold has a lower structure 2 constituted by a chassis 3 and a lower spacer 4 fixed on the upper part of the chassis 3.
- the chassis 3 constitutes a support and tilting element for the walls delimiting the molding cavity 5 of the slab.
- the frame 3 is mounted tilting about a horizontal axis 6 located in the vicinity of the middle part of the mold in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the slab.
- the mold 1 comprises a pouring and filling nozzle 9 placed at one of the ends of the lower spacer 4 and of the frame 3 constituting the front end of the mold.
- a jack 8 allows the mold 1 to tilt between a horizontal position where the nozzle te 9 is located slightly above a connection device 10 fixed to the top of the cover 11 of the tank of the die-casting installation and a position where the mold is tilted forward a few degrees, the end of the pouring and filling nozzle 9 then coming into sealed contact with the connection means 10 fixed on the cover 11 of the tank of the pressure casting installation.
- the filling nozzle 9 is in communication with a tube fixed to the cover 11 of the tank and immersed in a steel pocket.
- the steel is made to rise in the tube so that it gradually fills the cavity 5 of the mold through the nozzle filling 9.
- the casting mold 1 comprises an upper spacer 12 fixed to a suspension assembly 13 and maintained in a position substantially parallel to the lower spacer 4.
- the upper spacer 12 has a substantially vertical front end portion 12b in the service position of the spacer 12.
- An anterior graphite spacer 14 is disposed vertically at the front of the mold so that its lower part defines with the front part of the lower spacer 4 a passage of a certain width in communication with the pouring and filling nozzle 9 of the mold by the liquid metal.
- the upper part of the front spacer 14 defines an ascending channel 15 with the vertical front part 12b of the upper spacer lower 12.
- the ascending channel 15 communicates the molding cavity 5 with a counterweight in which the settling of the metal occurs at the end of casting.
- the mold 1 also comprises a rear spacer 16 which can be moved in the longitudinal direction by means of a device 17 fixed on the rear part of the support and tilting frame 3.
- the rear spacer 16 forming the subject of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
- Two side walls are mounted movable in the transverse direction, that is to say in a direction perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1, on the frame 3, so as to come into sealed contact against the side faces of the spacers 4, 12 , 14 and 16 to ensure the closing of the molding cavity 5.
- the side walls are formed by blocks of graphite juxtaposed and held in supports, so as to constitute the interior wall for molding the cavity 5, along the large faces of the slab parallel to the plane of FIG. 1.
- the thickness of which in the transverse direction determines the thickness of the casting cavity 5 and the slab.
- the spacer 16 mainly consists of a hollow body 20 made of stainless steel or re fractional whose external dimension, along the length of the spacer, corresponds to the width of the casting cavity 5 of the mold 1, that is to say the width of the slab.
- the hollow body 20 has in cross-section the shape of a U, the base 20a of which forms the molding wall of the spacer coming into contact with the liquid metal through its external surface and whose branches 20b and 20c, substantially perpendicular to the molding wall 20a, constitute the side walls of the spacer.
- the graphite side walls molding the large faces of the slab come into contact with the outer surface of the side walls 20b and 20c of the spacer 16, the spacing of these external surfaces determining l thickness of the slab.
- the hollow body 20 further comprises upper and lower longitudinal end walls 21 and 22, respectively, substantially perpendicular to the molding wall 20a.
- the spacing of the external surfaces of the longitudinal end walls 21 and 22, at the ends of the molding wall 20a corresponds to the width of the casting cavity 5, that is to say to the width of the casting slab, the spacer 16 being in contact by its end portions 21 and 22 with the upper spacer 12 and with the lower spacer 4 respectively.
- the hollow body 20 therefore has a substantially parallelepiped internal cavity completely open on a side opposite to the molding wall 20a.
- the hollow body 20 produced in one piece can advantageously be obtained by molding a stainless steel or refractory of a suitable grade, in a mold of corresponding shape.
- the side walls 20b and 20c as well as the longitudinal end walls 21 and 22 are connected internally to the molding wall 20a by rounded surfaces in the form of cylinder portions improving the mechanical characteristics and in particular the resistance to cracking of the body. hollow 20.
- a closure plate 23 of the hollow body 20 On the end portions of the side walls 20b and 20c opposite the molding wall 20a, is fixed a closure plate 23 of the hollow body 20 by means of which the spacer 16 is connected to a structure 25 ensuring the connection between the rear spacer 16 and its displacement device 17 and comprising guide bars 24 and push and pull bars 26, visible in FIG. 1.
- the structure 25 is connected to the closure plate 23 by means of screwed connection devices 27.
- the spacer 16 also includes, inside the hollow body 20 and over a substantial part of its height, an internal jacket 30 constituted by a sheet of stainless steel curved so as to have a U-shaped cross section as it is visible in Figure 3.
- the internal jacket 30 is fixed inside the hollow body 20, via the external end of its side walls 30b and 30c corresponding to the branches of the U which are fixed, by welding over their entire length, to the surface inner side walls 20b and 20c respectively of the hollow body 20, in areas of these walls remote from the molding wall 20a.
- the weld beads 31 sealingly connecting the inner jacket 30 to the hollow body 20 in the longitudinal direction of this hollow body are arranged in an area located substantially in the middle of the branches 20b and corresponding 20c.
- a free space 33 is formed between the internal jacket 30 and a part of the internal surface of the hollow body 20 formed by the whole of the internal surface of the molding wall. 20a and the front part of the inner surface of the side walls 20b and 20c.
- Transversal retaining spacers 32 fixed on the closure plate 23 of the hollow body 20 are distributed along the length of the spacer 16 and come to bear by their end portion opposite to the plate 23, on the bottom of the internal jacket 30, at its part 30a corresponding to the base of the U.
- the welds for fixing the inner jacket and the spacers maintain the inner jacket so that it can deform within a certain limit by expansion, while ensuring its correct positioning inside the hollow body 20, so to keep the shape and dimensions of the free space 33 between the inner jacket 30 and the inner wall of the hollow body substantially constant, in the vicinity of the molding wall 20a.
- the internal jacket 30 has longitudinal ends leaving a certain free space with respect to the internal surface of the longitudinal closing walls 21 and 22 of the hollow body 20.
- Two walls 34 and 35 constituted by a folded and shaped stainless steel sheet are welded in the vicinity of the ends of the internal jacket 30, on this internal jacket and along its entire internal periphery corresponding to the interior of the U shown in the figure 3.
- the walls 34 and 35 have a second part folded substantially at 90 ° relative to the first part of the corresponding wall and welded together. along its edges, on the one hand in the longitudinal direction, on the inner surface of the side walls 20b and 20c of the hollow body 20 and, on the other hand, in the transverse direction, on the corresponding end wall 21 or 22 .
- a tube 36 passes through the wall 34 on which it is tightly fixed.
- a tube 37 passes through the wall 35 on which it is tightly fixed.
- the ends of the pipes 36 and 37 opposite the walls 34 and 35 are connected to flexible pipes 38 and 39, respectively.
- the walls 34 and 35 delimit entirely sealed water boxes at the ends of the hollow body 20 making it possible to establish a circulation of cooling water in the space 33 formed between the jacket 30 and the interior surface of the hollow body 20.
- the flexible tube 39 is connected to the lower guide bar 24 of the rear spacer 16 inside which is formed a channel allowing the passage of a water supply pipe for the flexible tube 39 and the box water bounded by the wall 35.
- the flexible tube 38 is connected to the upper guide bar 24 of the spacer 16.
- This upper guide bar has a channel for recovering the cooling water having circulated from top to bottom in space 33, the upper part of which communicates with the water box 34.
- the width of the U-shaped space 33 being very small (a few millimeters), it is possible to ensure a very rapid circulation of the cooling water in the space 33 with a moderate feed rate. This ensures very efficient cooling by avoiding any vaporization of the water inside the cooling channel.
- the bending and the method of fixing the internal jacket 30 make it possible to absorb, by deformation of this jacket, differences in expansion between the molding wall and the internal lateral walls of the spacer. This maintains good overall elasticity and the welds of the jacket and the water boxes on the hollow body are not stressed beyond acceptable limits, that is to say in a manner which would risk lead to tearing or deterioration of these welds.
- welds of the internal jacket 30 and of the walls 34 and 35 on the hollow body 20 are located in zones remote from the molding wall 20a coming into contact with the liquid metal and constituting the hot zone of the subjected spacer. at high thermal stresses.
- the welds are therefore subjected to mechanical stresses and moderate thermal stresses, so that the risks of cracking and loss of sealing of the cooling channel and the water boxes are considerably reduced.
- the rear spacer according to the invention can therefore be stored without special precautions and reused without there being any risk of pollution or blockage of the internal or external cooling circuits.
- the cooling of the molding wall can therefore be carried out in all cases optimally and without the risk of water leaking into the interior of the mold.
- the wall 23 for closing the hollow body 20 towards the outside of the mold carries at its lower part a support assembly 40 for the spacer comprising a rolling roller 41 on the upper surface of the 'Between lower height rod 4, this roller being mounted telescopically on a retaining rod 42, by means of a spring 43.
- This device 40 makes it possible to move the rear spacer 16 on the lower spacer 4, for adjustment in mold length.
- the closing of the mold is ensured by the front part of the longitudinal end wall 22 of the body 20 of the spacer which has a slight inclination towards the front relative to the lower spacer.
- the upper longitudinal closure wall 21 comprises a series of longitudinal channels of small dimensions 45 visible in FIG. 2A making it possible to evacuate the air remaining in the mold at the end of casting, during filling of the upper part of the mold and of the channel ascending 15.
- the channels may have a greater depth in their rear part than in their front part directed towards the inside of the mold. This prevents clogging of the channels in their rear part and promotes the evacuation of air while avoiding the passage of steel through the front part at shallow depth of the channels.
- the channels can be of reduced length and located only in the front part of the spacer; the rear part of the spacer can then have a large air exhaust opening into which the channels open.
- This exhaust opening may have an increasing depth towards the rear of the spacer, the channels communicating with the front part of the exhaust opening having a depth that is sufficiently shallow to prevent the passage of steel.
- the upper longitudinal closure wall 21 of the spacer has in its front part a cavity 51 comprising undercut parts 51 ′, in which is housed a wire mesh 46 of suitable shape.
- the lattice 46 provides channels 47 for the passage of the air remaining in the corner of the mold at the end of casting.
- the liquid metal comes into contact with the lattice 46, it freezes and the lattice becomes integral with the slab.
- the trellis is therefore a consumable element which must be replaced at each casting cycle.
- the lattice trapped by the solidified slab follows the withdrawal of the latter during its cooling, the remains 51 ′ being provided to release the upper angle of the slab during its contraction.
- the wide passage 49 located at the rear of the cavity 51 of the spacer constitutes a channel allowing good ventilation of the internal cavity 5 of the mold.
- the assembly of the lattice 46 and the channel 49 therefore ensures easy evacuation of the air-gas mixture, so that the pressurization of the gaseous mixture and the turbulence of the liquid steel bath which occurs in the event the vent opens violently under the effect of pressure.
- the trellis is held in place by hooks 50 fixed to the rear of the spacer and produced in the form of light elements which do not hinder the withdrawal of the slab.
- defects in the slab are avoided such as cracks on its rear face and folds due to the disordered movements of the steel when the levels between the counterweight and the rear part of the slab are restored.
- the dimensions of the channel 49 are such that in the event of a fall or forgetfulness of the lattice 46, the steel freezes in the channel and does not come to settle on the rear part of the mold.
- the cooling channel 33 must have parts back towards the outside along the side walls of the hollow body.
- This hollow body can be made of a stainless steel or refractory of any shade or any metal or non-ferrous alloy whose properties are appropriate and by a process different from a molding process, from the moment when this hollow body is made in a single piece without junction between the different parts of its wall.
- the invention applies in all cases where a rear face of a slab pressure casting mold is closed by a metallic spacer.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
- Installation Of Bus-Bars (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT90400094T ATE87249T1 (de) | 1989-01-16 | 1990-01-12 | Hinterer querriegel einer form zum druckgiessen von metallischen plattenprodukten oder brammen. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8900456A FR2642683B1 (fr) | 1989-01-16 | 1989-01-16 | Entretoise arriere d'un moule de coulee sous pression de produits plats metalliques tels que des brames |
FR8900456 | 1989-01-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0379406A1 true EP0379406A1 (de) | 1990-07-25 |
EP0379406B1 EP0379406B1 (de) | 1993-03-24 |
Family
ID=9377755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP90400094A Expired - Lifetime EP0379406B1 (de) | 1989-01-16 | 1990-01-12 | Hinterer Querriegel einer Form zum Druckgiessen von metallischen Plattenprodukten oder Brammen |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5143144A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0379406B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH04504534A (de) |
KR (1) | KR910700112A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE87249T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU4940990A (de) |
DE (1) | DE69001137T2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2642683B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1990007999A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2686036A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-16 | Creusot Loire | Entretoise arriere de moule de coulee sous pression de produits plats metalliques. |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2642681B1 (fr) * | 1989-01-16 | 1991-05-17 | Creusot Loire | Structure inferieure d'un moule de coulee sous pression de produits plats tels que des brames et procede de montage et de demontage de l'entretoise inferieure de ce moule |
US6257605B1 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 2001-07-10 | Ina Walzlager Schaeffler Ohg | Suspension strut bearing |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1558163B1 (de) * | 1966-04-13 | 1969-10-16 | Amsted Ind Inc | Giessvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3604497A (en) * | 1966-02-16 | 1971-09-14 | Edmund Q Sylvester | Mold apparatus for casting molten metal |
US3434528A (en) * | 1966-06-06 | 1969-03-25 | United Eng Foundry Co | Mold structure leveling device |
US3590904A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1971-07-06 | Amsted Ind Inc | Method and appratus for cooling graphite molds |
JPS61182865A (ja) * | 1985-02-08 | 1986-08-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 金型の冷却装置 |
JPS62173063A (ja) * | 1986-01-27 | 1987-07-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | ダイカスト成形等の金型冷却方法 |
GB8604386D0 (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1986-03-26 | Cosworth Res & Dev Ltd | Casting |
US4669524A (en) * | 1986-08-06 | 1987-06-02 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Mold with removed cooling structure and method for constructing the same |
-
1989
- 1989-01-16 FR FR8900456A patent/FR2642683B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-12 JP JP2502035A patent/JPH04504534A/ja active Pending
- 1990-01-12 AU AU49409/90A patent/AU4940990A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-01-12 EP EP90400094A patent/EP0379406B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-12 AT AT90400094T patent/ATE87249T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-01-12 WO PCT/FR1990/000025 patent/WO1990007999A1/fr unknown
- 1990-01-12 KR KR1019900702029A patent/KR910700112A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-01-12 US US07/721,577 patent/US5143144A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-01-12 DE DE9090400094T patent/DE69001137T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1558163B1 (de) * | 1966-04-13 | 1969-10-16 | Amsted Ind Inc | Giessvorrichtung |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2686036A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-16 | Creusot Loire | Entretoise arriere de moule de coulee sous pression de produits plats metalliques. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR910700112A (ko) | 1991-03-13 |
FR2642683A1 (fr) | 1990-08-10 |
ATE87249T1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
US5143144A (en) | 1992-09-01 |
EP0379406B1 (de) | 1993-03-24 |
JPH04504534A (ja) | 1992-08-13 |
WO1990007999A1 (fr) | 1990-07-26 |
FR2642683B1 (fr) | 1991-05-17 |
DE69001137D1 (de) | 1993-04-29 |
DE69001137T2 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
AU4940990A (en) | 1990-08-13 |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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