EP0089282B1 - Procédé et installation de protection d'un jet de coulée de métal liquide - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de protection d'un jet de coulée de métal liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089282B1
EP0089282B1 EP83400493A EP83400493A EP0089282B1 EP 0089282 B1 EP0089282 B1 EP 0089282B1 EP 83400493 A EP83400493 A EP 83400493A EP 83400493 A EP83400493 A EP 83400493A EP 0089282 B1 EP0089282 B1 EP 0089282B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inert gas
liquid metal
sleeve
opening
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400493A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0089282A1 (fr
Inventor
Serge Devalois
Thierry Hersant
Gilbert Goursat
François Weisang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to AT83400493T priority Critical patent/ATE20708T1/de
Publication of EP0089282A1 publication Critical patent/EP0089282A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0089282B1 publication Critical patent/EP0089282B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/106—Shielding the molten jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
    • B22D1/005—Injection assemblies therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of protecting a jet of liquid metal flowing between an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle, according to which an upward gaseous protective sheath is formed around said jet and over the entire height of the latter. from at least one gas that is practically inert with respect to said metal, by injecting said inert gas around the impact zone of said jet and confining said inert gas above the surface of the liquid metal and around the base of said jet by means of a sheath, open at its two ends, surrounding the base of said jet and partially immersed in said liquid metal.
  • Document FR-A 2403852 also in the name of the Applicant, describes an improvement to the method described above, in which the liquefied neutral gas is injected around the casting jet in the form of a plurality of jets surrounding it at different Heights.
  • the creation of an inert atmosphere over the entire path of the jet can sometimes take a certain time: there is then entrainment of air by the flowing metal, in particular at the level of the impact of the jet on the metal bath ; this air entrained in the bath reacts with the metal causing the nitrogen solution and the formation of oxide inclusions.
  • this upward protective sheath is formed by injection of the inert gas around the impact zone of said jet while confining said inert gas above the surface of the liquid metal and around the base of said jet by means of a sheath, open at its two ends, surrounding the base of said jet and partially immersed in the liquid metal.
  • the shielding gas confined around the jet and brought to high temperature is subjected to an upward force which allows the formation of a protective gaseous sheath along the metal jet flowing against it and opposing it. to any entrainment of air by the flowing metal.
  • the subject of the present invention is a method allowing the protection of a casting jet against oxidation over the entire path of the casting jet and on the surface of the metal bath and making it possible to reduce the total consumption of protective gases for protection. of the same quality.
  • This object is achieved by using the method according to the invention which is characterized in that at least one inert liquefied inert gas is injected above and near the surface of the liquid metal contained in the lower receptacle, inside the sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said sheath, and, simultaneously, at least one inert gas is injected into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of said receptacle, at a rate such as the atmosphere rising gas formed has in said sheath an oxygen content of less than 5%.
  • the injection of a liquefied inert gas above and near the surface of the liquid metal is carried out by injection of said gas inside the sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said scabbard.
  • the protective layer of liquefied gas thus formed on the surface of liquid metal vaporizes and generates, inside the sheath, a gaseous atmosphere which escapes through the upper opening of the latter and prevents any entrainment of air by the casting jet.
  • the simultaneous injection, according to the invention, of an inert gas into the liquid metal through the bottom or the walls of the receptacle, below the jet impact zone also participates in the formation of this protective sheath rising gas.
  • the injection of the inert gas into the liquid metal causes mixing of said metal which prevents parasitic solidifications, promotes coalescence of the inclusions and therefore subsequent decantation of the latter, and allows a purging effect, that is to say say the desorption of the gases dissolved in the bath; this avoids the formation of a crust which, without stirring the metal bath, would form after a certain time.
  • the liquefied inert gas and the inert gas injected into the liquid metal are either of the same nature or of a different nature.
  • the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed For the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed to be considered inert with respect to the metal, it must contain less than 5% oxygen.
  • a value representative of this oxygen content is the ratio (V 2 and T 2 being the speed and the temperature at which the ascending gaseous atmosphere formed reaches the upper opening of the sheath); with these characteristics of the ascending gas flow, it is possible to associate the backscattering of the air due to the fact that said flow prevents air from entering the sheath, and therefore the oxygen content of said gas flow.
  • the inert gas used is nitrogen
  • the value is determined experimentally necessary for the oxygen content of the atmosphere to be less than 5%; and, taking into account the parameters relating to nitrogen (T ,, P L , PG) and the dimensions of the sleeve used (sections S 1 and S 2 ), the flow rate of the nitrogen injected is adjusted according to equation (1 ) and / or (2).
  • the inert gas used is argon
  • the value is determined experimentally which must be greater than 1.7 ⁇ 10 -4 m / s / ° K and the flow rate of the injected argon is adjusted according to equation (1) and / or (2).
  • the protection of the jet of liquid metal is completed, immediately at its outlet from the bottom of the upper reservoir, by creating a gaseous protection atmosphere formed from at least one gas which is practically inert vis-à-vis with respect to said metal, said atmosphere enveloping a shutter device mounted externally on the bottom of said upper tank, comprising a fixed plate and a movable assembly comprising a movable plate applied against said fixed plate and a metal support integral with said movable plate for at least a nozzle which can come into communication with the liquid metal flow hole.
  • the inert gaseous atmosphere formed is more particularly opposed to any air infiltration in the gap between the fixed plate and the movable plate as well as in the junction zone between the movable plate and the nozzle (s) and also protects the metal jet just out of one of the nozzles.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for transferring a liquid metal implementing the process under consideration which comprises an upper reservoir and a lower receptacle provided with an internal refractory lining and a sheath of refractory material, open at its two ends - moths, the upper opening of said sheath being located below the outlet of the upper tank, the lower end of said sheath being located at a distance from the bottom of the lower receptacle while the upper end of said sheath projects widely above the edge of said lower receptacle.
  • This installation comprises means for injecting an inert gas liquefied inside said sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said sheath and slightly below the upper opening of said sheath and injection means at least one inert gas through the bottom or the walls of the lower receptacle, said means for injecting a liquefied inert gas and at least one inert gas being intended to operate simultaneously.
  • an upper tank 1 contains molten metal which, after passing through a plate shutter device 2 mounted externally on the bottom of the tank 1, flows in the form of a jet J and arrives in a lower receptacle 3.
  • the walls and the bottom of this receptacle 3 are formed of an outer breastplate 4, an intermediate lining of sand 5 and an internal refractory lining 6.
  • This sheath has two parts 9 and 10; the upper part 9 is largely wrapped above the edges of the receptacle 3; it is in the form of a pyramid trunk comprising four walls 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d; two opposite walls 9a and 9b of this upper part 9 bear on two opposite upper edges of the receptacle 3.
  • the lower part 10 consists of two vertical plates 10a, 10b in line with the parts 9d and 9c of the part 9, immersed in the liquid metal bath 8.
  • the sheath 7 is arranged so that its axis substantially coincides with the jet J.
  • the lower opening of the sheath 7 has a section S 1 and the upper opening a section S 2 .
  • a liquefied inert gas tank 11 is connected by a conduit 12 provided with a valve 13 to a phase separator 14 which, via a flow control valve 15, supplies liquefied gas to an injection tube 16 with calibrated orifice 17; this injection tube 16 opens slightly below the upper opening of the sleeve 7.
  • porous elements 21 are connected by pipes 22 placed in the intermediate sand lining 5 and connected to a distributor 23 itself connected to a source 24 of inert pressurized gas.
  • the operation of the installation shown in Figures 1 and 2 is as follows.
  • the liquefied inert gas coming from the reservoir 11 is injected into the upper part of the sheath 7 using the injection tube 16 which pours this liquefied inert gas directly onto the surface of the liquid metal bath 8 contained in the receptacle 3.
  • the liquefied inert gas thus poured forms, by calefaction, a liquid layer on the part of the surface of the bath 8 which is between the plates 10a and 10b and vaporizes by creating an ascending gas sheath which, at the beginning, expels the air which was contained in the sheath 7 and then opposes any entry of air possibly supplied by the casting jet J.
  • this upward protective sheath flows according to the arrows F, in the direction of the casting jet J.
  • the inert gas from the source 24 is injected into the liquid metal bath 8 around the impact zone of the jet J, by means of the porous elements 21.
  • the gas escapes in bubbles which burst on the surface of the bath 8 and form an ascending gas column which, channeled by the sheath 7, flows according to the arrows F.
  • the injection of the inert gas into the metal bath 8 causes said bath to be mixed. and makes it possible to avoid the formation of a crust on the surface of the bath 8, as explained previously.
  • the flow rates of the inert gas injected into the liquid metal are adjusted, as explained above, in such a way that the speed-to-temperature ratio of the atmosphere formed in the sheath corresponds to an oxygen content of this lower atmosphere. at 5%.
  • metal nozzles 25 are incorporated into the internal refractory lining 6 of the bottom of the receptacle 3. These nozzles 25 are connected (in the same way as the porous elements 21 of FIGS. 1 and 2) to a source of inert gas under pressure 24 via the pipes 22. All the elements of this installation (with the exception of the nozzles 25 which replace the porous elements 21) are identical and bear the same references as those of the installation shown in Figures 1 and 2; and the operation is the same.
  • an upper reservoir 41 contains molten metal which, after passing through a plate shutter device 42, flows in the form of a jet J and arrives in a lower receptacle 43.
  • the walls and the bottom of this receptacle 43 are formed of an external breastplate 44, an intermediate lining of sand 45 and an internal refractory lining 46.
  • a sheath 47 open at its two ends and partially immersed in the bath 48 of liquid metal contained in the receptacle 43, is arranged around the jet J.
  • This sheath 47 has two parts 49 and 50; the upper part 49 is in the form of a pyramid trunk comprising four walls 49a, 49b, 49c, 49d; two opposite walls 49a and 49b of this part 49 bear on two opposite edges of the receptacle 43.
  • the lower part 50 consists of two vertical plates 50a and 50b, in line with the parts 49c and 49d of the part 49, immersed in the bath of liquid metal 48.
  • the sheath 47 is arranged such that its axis substantially coincides with the jet J.
  • metal nozzles 51 pass through the internal refractory lining 46 of the walls of the receptacle 43 these nozzles 51 are connected, by means of pipes 52, placed in the lining sand intermediate 45, to a distributor 53, itself connected to a source 54 of pressurized inert gas.
  • the nozzles 51 which have a diameter of 1 to 4 mm and preferably 2 mm, are placed so as to open out at a distance of about 25 to 30 cm below the surface of the liquid metal bath 48.
  • porous elements 55 are incorporated into the internal refractory lining 46 of the walls of the receptacle 43; these porous elements 55 are connected by pipes 52 'to a distributor 53', itself connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (elements 52 'and 53' are identical to elements 52 and 53).
  • conduits 56 are formed longitudinally in the refractory lining 46 of the walls of receptacle 43. These conduits 56 are connected, at their upper part, by means of pipes 57, to a distributor 58, itself connected to a source of pressurized inert gas (not shown in the figure). The conduits 56 communicate, at their lower part, with conduits 59 which are formed transversely in the refractory lining 46 and which open into the bath of liquid metal contained in the receptacle 43.
  • the inert gas used is argon.
  • the atmosphere formed in the sheath have an oxygen content of less than 1%.
  • the scabbard used has dimensions such as
  • argon gas is injected into the liquid metal bath at a rate of 20 m 3 / h.
  • This quantity of argon gas is, according to equation (2), equivalent from the point of view of inerting efficiency at 0.41 liters / min of liquid argon.
  • Argon gas is therefore injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h into the liquid metal and liquefied argon at the inlet of the sheath at a flow rate of 4.32 l / min / m 2 .
  • the liquid inert gas used is nitrogen and the inert gas injected into the liquid metal bath is argon.
  • the atmosphere formed in the sheath have an oxygen content of less than 1%.
  • the scabbard used has dimensions such as
  • Equation (1) if only liquefied nitrogen was injected, it should be injected at a rate> 15 I / min / m 2 .
  • argon gas is injected into the liquid metal at a rate of 20 m 3 / h which is, according to equation (2), equivalent to 0.41 l / min of liquefied argon.
  • Argon gas is therefore injected simultaneously with a flow rate of 20 m 3 / h into the liquid metal and liquefied nitrogen at the inlet of the sheath at a flow rate of 13.7 l / min / m 2 .
  • FIG 6 shows the plate shutter device 2 (or 42) mounted externally on the bottom of the upper tank 1 (or 41).
  • This plate shutter device is of known type and described in application EP-A-0048641 of 18.08.81, in the name of the applicant. It comprises a fixed plate 60 and a movable plate 61 applied one against the other, the movable plate 61 being rotatably mounted and carrying two nozzles 62; the plates 60 and 61 and the nozzles 62 are made of refractory material, for example impregnated alumina.
  • the movable plate 61 is provided with a toothed wheel 36, capable of being driven by a pinion 37 connected to a motor (not shown in the figure).
  • the plate 60 is traversed by an orifice 63, placed in alignment with the taphole 64 which is formed in the internal refractory lining 65 and the external metal breastplate 66 constituting the bottom of the tank 1.
  • the movable plate is traversed by two passages 67
  • Each nozzle 62 is crossed by a channel 68 and permanently mounted (for example by a bayonet system) on the movable plate 61 by means of a metal support 69 so that its channel 68 is in alignment with the corresponding passage 67.
  • a metal case 70 is mounted in leaktight manner on the bottom of the container 1 and almost completely envelops the shutter device 2; an opening 71 is provided in the lower part of the housing 70 for the passage of the nozzles.
  • a conduit 72 connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (not shown in the figure), opens into the housing 70.
  • the inert gas introduced through the conduit 72 spreads into the housing 70 and escapes through the opening 71.
  • This inert gas thus forms an atmosphere which protects the device 2 against atmospheric air, and more particularly the gap between the plates 60 and 61 and the junction zone between the nozzles 62 and the plate 61, as well as the jet of liquid metal at its outlet from one of the nozzles 62.
  • FIG. 7 shows a plate shutter device 2 identical to that of Figure 6 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements), but which further comprises a spring means 73 for holding the plates 60 and 61 l one against the other.
  • a housing 70 identical to that of FIG. 6 envelops the device 2.
  • the spring means 73 comprises a stop 74 in the form of an inverted cup open at its lower end and integral with the plate 61 via the metal support 69, a support piece 75 in the form of a piston secured to the plate 60 and a spring 76 interposed between the stop 74 and the piece 75.
  • a duct 77 connected to a source of inert pressurized gas (not shown in the figure), opens out in the stop 74 after having passed through the housing 70 through an orifice 78 provided for this purpose.
  • the inert gas supplied by the conduit 77 cools the spring means 73, then spreads in the housing 70 while playing its protective role for the device 2 and escapes through the opening 71.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plate shutter device 2 identical to that of Figure 6 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements), but which further comprises two spring means 80 for holding the plates 60 and 61 one against the other.
  • the spring means 80 comprise a stop 81 in the form of an inverted cup open at its lower end and secured to the plate 61 by means of the metal support 69, a support piece 82 in the form of a piston secured to the plate 60 and a spring 83 interposed between the stop 81 and the part 82.
  • a duct 84 connected to a source of compressed air, opens into the stop 81.
  • a metal ferrule 85 is arranged concentrically with the movable plate 61; it is integral, at its upper end 86, with the fixed plate 60 and its lower end 87 s. stops near the upper part 88 of the spring means 80.
  • a conduit 89 connected to a source of inert gas under pressure , opens into the shell 85.
  • the shell 85 has an opening (not shown in the figure) for the passage of the drive pinion (not shown in the figure) of the movable plate 61.
  • a protective metal plate 90 is fixed to the support 69 (for example by keying), at a distance and below said support 69.
  • a duct 92 connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (not shown in the figure), is fixed to the support 69 (for example by welding) and opens into the space defined by the movable plate 61 and the protection plate 90.
  • an inert gas is injected through the conduit 89 inside the shell 85; this inert gas spreads in the space defined by the shell 85 and thus protects the gap between the plates 60 and 61 as well as the junction zone between the nozzles 62 and the plate 61; it then flows through the openings 91.
  • an inert gas is injected through the conduit 92; this inert gas spreads in the space between the metal support 69 and the protective plate 90, then flows through the openings 91 thus protecting the jet of liquid metal at its outlet from one of the nozzles 62.
  • the spring means 80 are cooled by injecting compressed air through the conduits 84.
  • FIG. 9 represents a plate shutter device 2 comprising two spring means 80, identical to that of FIG. 8 (the same references have been assigned to the same elements).
  • a metallic ferrule 95 concentric with the movable plate 61 is secured, at its upper end 96, to the fixed plate 60; its lower end 97 stops near the upper part 88 of the spring means 80.
  • the ferrule 95 has an opening (not shown in the figure) for the passge of the drive pinion (not shown in the figure) of the movable plate 61.
  • a protective metal plate 98, provided with openings 99 is fixed to the support 69 (for example by keying), at a distance and below said support 69.
  • a first conduit 100 connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (not shown in the figure), is fixed to the support 69 (for example by welding) and opens into the space defined by the movable plate 61 and the protection plate 98.
  • a second conduit 101 connected to a source of inert gas under pressure (not shown in the figure), crosses the plate 98 through an orifice 102 made for this purpose, then the support 69 through an orifice 103, and opens into the gap 104 between the support 69 and the movable plate 61.
  • This conduit 101 is flexible from a certain point so as not to impede the movement of the moving part.
  • an inert gas is injected through the conduit 101 into the gap 104; this inert gas spreads in the gap 104, then in the space defined by the shell 95 and thus protects the junction zone between the nozzles 62 and the plate 61 as well as the gap between the plates 60 and 61; it then flows through the openings 99.
  • an inert gas is injected through the conduit 100; this inert gas spreads in the space between the metal support 69 and the protection plate 98, then flows through the openings 99 thus protecting the jet of liquid metal at its outlet from one of the nozzles 62.
  • the spring means 80 are cooled by injecting compressed air through the conduits 84.
  • a gas that is practically inert with respect to the liquid metal such as nitrogen or argon, is used, or a mixture of inert gases.
  • the invention applies to the protection of all metal casting jets, vertical or parabolic, in particular between ladle and distributor, between ladle and ingot mold, between ladle and ladle, between converter (or oven) and ladle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Molten Solder (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP83400493A 1982-03-15 1983-03-11 Procédé et installation de protection d'un jet de coulée de métal liquide Expired EP0089282B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400493T ATE20708T1 (de) 1982-03-15 1983-03-11 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum schutz eines giessstrahls aus fluessigem metall.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8204297 1982-03-15
FR8204297A FR2523007A1 (fr) 1982-03-15 1982-03-15 Procede et installation de protection d'un jet de coulee de metal liquide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089282A1 EP0089282A1 (fr) 1983-09-21
EP0089282B1 true EP0089282B1 (fr) 1986-07-16

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EP83400493A Expired EP0089282B1 (fr) 1982-03-15 1983-03-11 Procédé et installation de protection d'un jet de coulée de métal liquide

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US (1) US4460409A (pt)
EP (1) EP0089282B1 (pt)
JP (1) JPS58187250A (pt)
AT (1) ATE20708T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU557968B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR8301259A (pt)
CA (1) CA1201270A (pt)
DE (1) DE3364477D1 (pt)
ES (1) ES520497A0 (pt)
FR (1) FR2523007A1 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA831549B (pt)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8403187B2 (en) 2006-09-27 2013-03-26 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp Production of an inert blanket in a furnace
WO2018024495A1 (de) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-08 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag PRALLTOPF, VORRICHTUNG ZUM VERGIEßEN EINER METALLISCHEN SCHMELZE SOWIE VERFAHREN ZUM VERGIEßEN EINER METALLISCHEN SCHMELZE

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US4806156A (en) * 1987-07-24 1989-02-21 Liquid Air Corporation Process for the production of a bath of molten metal or alloys
US5344478A (en) * 1993-08-02 1994-09-06 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Vortex dispersing nozzle for liquefied cryogenic inert gases used in blanketing of molten metals exposed to ambient air and method
US6228187B1 (en) 1998-08-19 2001-05-08 Air Liquide America Corp. Apparatus and methods for generating an artificial atmosphere for the heat treating of materials
IT1316790B1 (it) * 2000-02-25 2003-05-12 Danieli Off Mecc Metodo e dispositivo per la colata continua di materiali fusi
US6491863B2 (en) 2000-12-12 2002-12-10 L'air Liquide-Societe' Anonyme A' Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes George Claude Method and apparatus for efficient utilization of a cryogen for inert cover in metals melting furnaces
US20090064821A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2009-03-12 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
US20080184848A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2008-08-07 La Sorda Terence D Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace
CN102773442B (zh) * 2012-06-12 2014-11-12 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 一种半沸腾钢连铸的开浇方法
JP7010575B1 (ja) * 2021-08-06 2022-01-26 山田 榮子 鋼の連続鋳造における鋳込流の酸化防止装置

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8403187B2 (en) 2006-09-27 2013-03-26 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp Production of an inert blanket in a furnace
WO2018024495A1 (de) * 2016-08-02 2018-02-08 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag PRALLTOPF, VORRICHTUNG ZUM VERGIEßEN EINER METALLISCHEN SCHMELZE SOWIE VERFAHREN ZUM VERGIEßEN EINER METALLISCHEN SCHMELZE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1215483A (en) 1983-09-22
FR2523007A1 (fr) 1983-09-16
ZA831549B (en) 1983-11-30
AU557968B2 (en) 1987-01-15
JPS58187250A (ja) 1983-11-01
US4460409A (en) 1984-07-17
EP0089282A1 (fr) 1983-09-21
ATE20708T1 (de) 1986-08-15
ES8404887A1 (es) 1984-05-16
CA1201270A (fr) 1986-03-04
BR8301259A (pt) 1983-11-22
DE3364477D1 (en) 1986-08-21
FR2523007B1 (pt) 1984-12-07
ES520497A0 (es) 1984-05-16

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