EP0086978B1 - System shuttering for a concrete ceiling presenting a bearer beam - Google Patents

System shuttering for a concrete ceiling presenting a bearer beam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0086978B1
EP0086978B1 EP83100674A EP83100674A EP0086978B1 EP 0086978 B1 EP0086978 B1 EP 0086978B1 EP 83100674 A EP83100674 A EP 83100674A EP 83100674 A EP83100674 A EP 83100674A EP 0086978 B1 EP0086978 B1 EP 0086978B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formwork
carrier
lateral
frame
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83100674A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0086978A1 (en
Inventor
Artur Schwörer
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Peri SE
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Peri SE
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Application filed by Peri SE filed Critical Peri SE
Priority to AT83100674T priority Critical patent/ATE17514T1/en
Publication of EP0086978A1 publication Critical patent/EP0086978A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G13/00Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
    • E04G13/04Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for lintels, beams, or transoms to be encased separately; Special tying or clamping means therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/40Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings
    • E04G11/46Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings of hat-like or trough-like shape encasing a rib or the section between two ribs or encasing one rib and its adjacent flat floor or ceiling section
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G17/00Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
    • E04G17/04Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements
    • E04G17/045Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements being tensioned by wedge-shaped elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system formwork for a concrete ceiling having a sub-frame with side formwork elements for the side surfaces and with sub-formwork elements for the lower surface of the sub-frame, wherein a side formwork element and a sub-formwork element each have at least one support for the formwork skin and the support of the sub-formwork element between the levels of mutually opposite formwork of the side formwork elements is arranged.
  • the support of the lower formwork element consists of two support halves, which are L-shaped in a view in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the lower formwork formwork.
  • the short horizontal legs of the known carrier have an L-shaped cross section while the long vertical legs have a U-shaped cross section.
  • the support halves are arranged so that their short legs point towards each other and overlap.
  • the support halves are connected to one another by a lock, which is formed by a sleeve with a U-shaped cross section, which encloses the overlapping legs with its cavity.
  • Holes for fastening by bolts are provided in the sleeve and the legs and penetrate the sleeve and the overlapping sections of the carrier halves.
  • the width of the Unterschalelemetes can be adjusted in that the short legs of the support halves overlap more or less.
  • the support of the bottom formwork element assembled from the two support halves is not torsionally rigid even with an appropriate dimensioning.
  • the very unstable attachment in the area of the overlapping beam sections is namely at a point that must be particularly resilient under load on the joist formwork, for example, when a worker stands on the formwork of the bottom formwork element of the already installed joist formwork.
  • the known support of the lower formwork element composed of the two support parts, therefore has the shape of a U, the yoke of which deflects when subjected to greater loads and whose downwardly projecting open leg can only provide very little resistance to the bending moments of the beams of the side formwork elements which occur when the bottom of the beam formwork is loaded .
  • system formwork always has the requirement to be able to solve as many formwork tasks as possible with as few individual elements as possible.
  • the adjustability of the breadth of the beam formwork by a more or less large overlap of the short legs of the beam halves is only possible to a very limited extent in the known formwork because with increasing width of the beam formwork, the overlapping sections become smaller and smaller, so that less and less fastening bolts are used can be and thus also the stiffness of the horizontal connection formed by the two horizontal legs of the two beam halves, the weaker the wider the beam formwork. This horizontal connection is therefore also weaker the greater the total load of the beam, which increases with the beam width, when the concrete is being poured.
  • the known joist formwork has the disadvantage that due to the open legs of the U-shaped beam, all forces, namely once the forces acting in the vertical direction, due to the weight of the inserted tons as well as the bending forces acting in the lateral direction due to the deflection of the joist formwork , picked up from these open legs and must be derived via fastening means in the adjacent side formwork elements.
  • the known support of the sub-formwork element cannot be attached regardless of the height of the formwork skin of the side formwork element.
  • the downward facing leg is limited by a lock that spans the joint between the leg of the side formwork element and the adjacent support half of the bottom formwork element, so that in the area of this lock there can be no formwork skin between the two supports. Therefore, the leg of the known lower formwork element lies laterally in the area of the lock via a spacer on the carrier of the side formwork element, so that the formwork skin of the side formwork element can extend in depth beyond the formwork skin of the lower formwork element but only to that in the area of the castle made attachment of the downward leg of the carrier of the lower formwork element on the carrier of the side formwork element.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a formwork for beams in a system formwork, the lower formwork element of which has the highest possible torsional rigidity with the lowest possible weight and which can finally be supported in an optimal manner.
  • the carrier of the bottom formwork element as a one-piece closed rectangular frame is formed with the frame plane perpendicular to the beam axis.
  • the invention thus has the advantage that the support of the underbody formwork is very stable due to the beam shape according to the invention. So that both the substantially vertical forces of the concrete brought in as well as the bending forces acting in the lateral direction can be absorbed, provided that they still arise due to the shape of the support according to the invention.
  • the two transverse frame legs of the rectangle used not only optimally absorb bending moments, there is also a reduction in the cross section because only the upper frame leg lies directly against the formwork skin, but the lower frame leg is at a distance from it, so that due to of the resulting moment of inertia the sum of the cross sections of the two transverse frame legs can be less than the cross section required for a single frame leg lying directly against the formlining. This brings a considerable weight saving.
  • the carrier designed according to the invention opens up the possibility of intercepting the downwardly acting forces directly by supporting the two transverse frame legs. These forces are absorbed due to the already mentioned lower required cross-section of the transverse frame legs on the upper frame leg in the immediate vicinity of the formlining. If you look at the joist formwork from the side, you can see that due to this closer support, the tilting moment that occurs when the beam is not exactly perpendicular is reduced.
  • the rectangular frame of the carrier can be filled with a plate. This results in an even higher bending stiffness of the beam.
  • the rectangular frame of the carrier can be either square or rectangular with sides of different lengths.
  • the last-mentioned embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the width of the girder can be varied in that the frame-shaped carrier is fastened between the side formwork elements either in height or in width.
  • the width of the girder to be shuttered can be varied even further by providing inserts which can be used either on one side or on both sides of the bracket between the frame leg of the bracket and the side shuttering element.
  • a second carrier in the form of a rectangle with sides of different lengths for the bottom formwork element is assigned in the formwork, the long side of which corresponds to the dimension of the short side of a first rectangular carrier.
  • this set can be used for beams with a width of 25 cm up to a width of 95 cm in steps of 5 cm each.
  • the side length of the larger size is 40 or 55 cm, the smaller frame 40 or 25 cm, and the three inserts are 5 cm wide and 40 cm high. You can therefore form any practically occurring width of a beam with these three parts.
  • the supports of the side formwork are extended beyond the lower edge of the formwork skin and the fastening means are provided in the area of these extensions.
  • the extensions can have a support in the manner known from DE-U-17 39 718, which has the same thickness as the formlining.
  • the formlining of the side formwork elements can extend into the area of these fastening means or even further down.
  • the fastening means tel with which the carrier of the lower formwork element are preferably fastened in the area of the extensions of the carrier of the side formwork elements, are in embodiments of the invention preferably made of holes running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lower beam and inserted into the carrier of the side formwork element and the adjacent side frame leg of the carrier bolts penetrating the bottom formwork element, be it wedge bolts, i.e.
  • bolts whose end facing away from the bolt head has a longitudinal recess into which a wedge is driven, or threaded bolts or these can be, for example, tensioning arms extending through the entire beam formwork, with which the two Side formwork elements, which can be hinged to the ceiling formwork, are pressed against the side frame legs of the support of the bottom formwork element.
  • the fastening elements can be selected such that the side formwork elements are completely detached from the bottom formwork element, that is to say the bolts or tie rods penetrating the bores can be removed completely.
  • both the side formwork element, in particular the extensions of the beams, and the frame legs of the carrier of the lower formwork element can have rows of holes with mutually different hole spacings, so that the holes on the lateral frame legs of the bottom formwork element in the manner of a vernier scale arranged holes in the side formwork are opposite. This makes it possible to determine the height of the joist formwork in very small steps.
  • a rotation around such a single connecting bolt can also be avoided in embodiments of the invention in that several, for example two rows of holes are provided one above the other in the extensions of the carrier of the side formwork elements and in the side frame legs of the carrier of the lower shell element.
  • the rows of holes in the extension of the carrier are again in the manner of a vernier scale opposite the corresponding rows of holes in the adjacent side frame leg, but in each row of holes a hole of the carrier of the side formwork element is aligned with a hole of the carrier of the bottom formwork element.
  • each side formwork element is connected to the lower formwork element by two bolts.
  • a bolt to be guided does not have a round, but an elongated, cross-section; for example, the bolts can be in the form of a flat bolt.
  • all the frame legs can have rows of holes for fastening the frame to the girders of the side formwork.
  • This embodiment of the invention can be further developed in that the distance of the row of holes from one leg end is greater than the distance of this row of holes from the other end of the frame leg. This has the advantage that two different height ranges of the beam can be switched by rotating the human frame by 180 ° around its axis of symmetry.
  • the distance of the row of holes from the end of the leg is always equal to or greater than the minimum distance between the tensile force occurring on the fastening bolt and the compressive force acting on the upper edge of the beam of the lower formwork element and acting parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bolt in the static calculation to absorb the load originating torque is provided.
  • This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the minimum distance required in the static calculation can not be undercut in all usual formwork work and therefore the requirements that have been specified in the static calculation are met in any case.
  • the support of the sub-formwork element can be attached to the side formwork elements in such a way that when the bolt is pushed back a little, a formwork release occurs.
  • this can be achieved in that the bolt used to fasten the frames to the carrier has a smaller diameter at its free end than at its part adjacent to the bolt head, but the bolt section with the larger diameter being at least as long, that, when the bolt is inserted, it still penetrates the bore in a wall of the part not facing the bolt head facing the bolt head.
  • two mirror-image formwork elements 1 and 2 of identical design are provided, which are arranged parallel to one another at a distance and between which a sub-formwork element 3 for the formwork of the underside of the joist is arranged.
  • the side formwork elements 1 and 2 have spaced apart supports 11 which consist of a vertical leg 4 and a short leg 5 protruding at right angles at its upper end.
  • the legs 4 and 5 have the cross section of a rectangular hollow profile and are welded together via a miter cut.
  • the vertical leg 4 carries on its side facing the joist a formwork 6 for formwork of the side surface of the joist.
  • the short leg 5 pointing away from the beam has on its upper side a horizontal formwork skin 7 which is used for formwork of the ceiling section adjacent to the beam.
  • the ends of the legs 5 facing away from the beam are connected to one another by a strip 8, and means 9 are provided on the underside of these leg ends, by means of which the side formwork element can be hung on a ceiling support or a drop head of a drop head support.
  • the formwork 6 extends from the top down so far that this area for formwork of the side walls of the usual rich leg 4 is provided with a formwork section or a lining 10 which has the same thickness as the formwork 6 and the width of the formwork surface facing the leg 4 has.
  • the vertical formwork 6 and the horizontal formwork 7 protrude laterally over the legs 4 and 5 of the carrier by about a quarter of the distance between two adjacent carrier legs 4, 5 or 11 carriers.
  • a bottom formwork element 3 which has a frame 12 with a vertical frame surface, which is welded together from frame legs 13, 14, 15 and 16 with a rectangular hollow profile in cross section, the frame legs 14 lying opposite one another and 15 are shorter than the frame legs 13 and 16.
  • a formlining 17 is fastened for the lower surface of the beam.
  • the frame 12 is arranged between the sides of the formwork elements 6 facing the beam or between the surfaces of the lining 10 that are flush with these surfaces.
  • Recesses 18 are provided in the frame legs 13 to 16 and recesses 19 in the legs 4 below the lower end of the formlining 6 for receiving fastening means, for example bolts 20, 21 or 22.
  • five recesses 18 are provided in the frame legs 13 and 16 with even spacing between them.
  • this row of holes formed from the recesses 18 is at a greater distance from the right end in FIG. 1 than from the left end of the frame legs 16 in FIG. 1.
  • the rows of holes formed by the recesses 18 in the short frame legs 14 and 15 also point from the upper end in FIG. 1 of the frame legs 14, 15 at a smaller distance than from the lower end in FIG. 1.
  • only three recesses 19 are provided in the carrier legs 4.
  • the bolts can have d flat bolts. of a rectangle, all frame legs Loc fastening the frame to the supports of the embodiment of the invention, the distance between the leg ends is greater than the row of holes from the other end of the frame by rotating the frame can shift its axis of symmetry two. from the end of the leg, the minimum distance, the tensile force acting on the fastening bolts and the sub-form element of the longitudinal axis of the bolt.
  • This invention has the advantage that the calculation does not fall below those in all calculations who meet the requirements that are met in the sta trap of the under-scarf side-scarf elements in such a way that it is then struck back. In embodiments, this can be achieved in that the bolt used has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the bolt inserted at least in this way, the hole adjacent to the bolt head penetrates part of the invention.
  • Embodiments of the invention show an embodiment of a beam formwork Bottom scarf measure of fastening bolts. Fastening bolt fastening bolt according to FIGS. 5 and 6 under-beam formwork in the show image state shown in mirror image the same in parallel and between which a formwork of the underside de is arranged.
  • the side formwork elements 1 and 2 support 11, the legs 4 and one at the top thereof.
  • Cross-section of a rectangle and are on a miter cut 4 carries on the side a formlining 6 to the side surface of the beam.
  • the formwork of the upper to the ceiling section serves from the upper beam.
  • the vertical formwork 6 and the formwork 7 protrude laterally over the legs 4 distance between the carrier legs 4, 5 or between the two the side surfaces and 2 is a frame 12 with a frame surface, which in Cross-section frame legs 13, 14 is welded together, the ge being shorter than on the upper frame formwork skin 17 for the lower surface of the lower beam 6 or between the aligned surfaces of the lining 10 net.
  • the frame legs 14 rows of holes also have three recesses 19 in the supports from the upper distance in FIG. 1 in the invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • a fastener either egg only the frame leg 14 and the adjacent support leg 4 with the lining 10 penetrating bolt 20, which is tightened with a wedge 23, or a tie rod 24 is inserted, which then the two side formwork elements and the passes through both frame legs 14 and 15 and is tensioned at its ends with suitable clamping means, for example with screw nuts 25.
  • suitable clamping means for example with screw nuts 25.
  • the frame 12 is pivoted about a horizontal central axis by 180 ° and fastened between the side formwork elements 1 and 2, then the distance between them is the uppermost Recess 18 from the formlining 17 larger than in the position of the frame 12 shown in FIG. 1, so that a range of beam heights can then be switched, which is lower than in the position shown in FIG. 1.
  • the recesses 19 are at a distance from one another which is different from the distance of the recesses 18 and is also not an integer multiple of a distance between the recesses 18, so that here only one of the savings 19 is aligned with a recess 18.
  • the row of holes of the recesses 19 in the carrier legs 4 and the recesses 18 in the frame legs 13 to 18 of the frame 12 are therefore designed in the manner of a vernier scale, so that the height of the beam can be adjusted in very small steps.
  • a compressive force 26 acts in the plane of the upper surface of the frame 12 and a tensile force 27 acts on the fastening elements, for example the bolt 20.
  • the formwork must be so stable that it absorbs this torque resulting from the load.
  • the magnitude of the forces 28 and 27 and their distance from one another are therefore a prerequisite.
  • the smallest distance 28 of a recess 18 from the adjacent end of the frame leg 15 is at least as large in the illustrated embodiments of the invention as the distance between the forces 28 and 27 provided in the static calculation.
  • the frame 12 can only ever be used in such a way that the minimum distance required in the static calculation and thus the conditions required in the static calculation are observed.
  • the frame 12 is fastened to the frame legs 4 by means of a plurality of bolts 20 arranged one above the other, in the embodiments of the invention in which the distances of the recesses 18 are different from the distances of the recesses 19, however, they are aligned at a set height only one recess 19 with a recess 18 and therefore the frame 12 is also attached to the support legs 4 only with one bolt 20 or one tie rod 24.
  • a stop flap 29 is welded to each of the two lateral surfaces of the support leg 4, which, overlapping the lining 10, on the side surfaces of the vertical frame legs 14 and 15 attacks so that between the two sides of the angle 4 attached stop tabs 29, the vertical frame legs 14 and 15 of the frame 12 are guided.
  • stop flaps 29 can be dispensed with if the recesses 18 and 19 and also the cross section of the bolts 21, 22 inserted into these recesses 18, 19 are made out of round. This is because this non-circular design of the fastening means counteracts a torque about the axis of these fastening means.
  • the recess 18 shown in FIG. 4 has, in addition to the elongated part which is used to insert the bolts 21 and 22 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a central bore 31 which is used to push through tension rods or the like.
  • Fig. 1 the distance between the two lateral formwork 6 of the beam is determined by the long frame legs 13 and 16. If the girder is narrower, the frame 12 is fixed upright between the two side formwork elements 1 and 2, so that the frame legs 13 and 16 run parallel to the support legs 4 and, depending on the height of the girder, the leg 14 or the leg 15 runs above and which then wears narrower formlining 17. If you want to form wider beams, you can insert insert pieces 32 between the frame 12 and the adjacent side formwork element 1 and 2, which have approximately the same width and thickness dimensions as the frame legs 14 Aussparun conditions 18 such as these. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the frame legs 33 and 34 corresponding to the frame legs 13 and 16 are longer than in the frame 12 of FIG.
  • the short frame legs 35 and 36 are somewhat shorter than the corresponding frame legs 15 and 14.
  • Another possibility of varying the width of the girder formwork results from the fact that the formwork is also assigned a small frame 37, the long frame legs 38 and 39 of which correspond in length to that of the short frame legs 35 and 36 of the frame 40.
  • the frame legs 38 and 39 have the same recesses 18 as the frame legs 35 and 38 and the shims 32, they are also net angeord at the same distance from each other.
  • the short frame legs 41 and 42 of the small frame 37 do not have any cutouts 18.
  • the small frame 37 is generally only used in a raised position. In the embodiment shown in Fig.
  • the required width of the girder formwork is achieved in that the small frame 37 is raised, the large frame 40 is placed transversely and arranged and fastened together with the insert piece 32, with bolts 20, 21 or 22 one below the other as well as on the frame legs 38 -these together with the insert piece 32 and 39 with the legs 4 of the side formwork elements 2 or 1.
  • an insert 32 between the frames 40 and 37 and a further insert 32 between the frame 37 and the side formwork element 1 can be inserted.
  • the side shutter element 2 is set lower than the side shutter element 1.
  • an additional recess 43 can either be drilled in the support leg 4 or else the side shutter element is attached to the frame leg 36 via the insert 32 attached with the help of one of the already existing bore 19 when it is aligned with corresponding recesses 18 in the insert 32 and the frame member 36.
  • the frame 12 can be 55 cm long and 40 cm high
  • the inserts 32 can be 5 cm wide
  • they can be assigned to the system formwork in two different lengths, the length corresponding to the short side of the frame 12, 40, the other length of the insert 32 corresponds to the long side of the frame 12, 40.
  • the small frame 37 can be 25 cm wide and 40 cm high. With the three elements 32, 37 and 40, all common widths of the beams can be shelled.
  • the bottom formwork element is optionally additionally supported by a longitudinal beam 46 running along the beam, which may consist of a square timber.
  • the longitudinal beam 46 is supported on the floor by a support 47. It engages directly under the upper frame leg 34, which supports the formlining 17, that is, as close as possible to the load resting on the formlining 17 during concreting.
  • the flat bolts 21 and 22 have at the end at which one Wedge 23 or 50 is to be driven in, two recesses 48 and 49 at a distance from one another which corresponds to the thickness of the insert 32. Without an insert, the wedge 23 or 50 is driven into the recess 48; however, if an insert is inserted between them, the wedge 23 or 50 is driven into the recess 49.
  • the wedges 21 and 22 have at their end facing away from the cutouts 48, 49 a head which consists either of a welded-on plate 51 or of a forged head 52.
  • the attachment between the bottom formwork element 3 and the side formwork elements 1 and 2 is generally releasable, so that the side formwork elements 1 and 2 or the bottom formwork element 3 can be removed independently of the other elements when stripping. If, however, it is desired that the elements 1, 2, 3 of the girder formwork remain connected to one another in succession, the wedge 23 or 50 has at its end with a small cross section a transverse securing pin 53 which prevents the wedge 23, 50 can be completely removed from the recesses 48 or 49. A cross section of the wedge 50 enlarged as the head 54 serves the same purpose.
  • the bolt 20 has a section 56 with a cross section at its end facing away from the bolt head 55 is smaller than the cross section of the section 57 adjacent to the bolt head 55.
  • the two sections 58 and 57 are connected to one another by a conical section 84.
  • the recesses 18 in the two parallel to each other and to the plane of the formwork 8 walls 58 and 59 of the hollow rectangular cross-section frame leg 15 and the recesses 19 in the corresponding walls 60 and 61 of the support leg 4 are of identical design.
  • the section 57 with the larger diameter is so long, however, that it penetrates the carrier 4, a larger cutout 83 in the support 10 and the bore in the wall 59 when the bolt is inserted. Only then does the bolt 20 taper to the cross section of section 56 but does not abut the edges of the recess 18 of the wall 58 of the hollow profile.
  • the bolt 20 is pushed back so far that the portion 56 of the bolt with a smaller cross section reaches the area of the recess 18 of the wall 59 of the hollow profile adjacent to the support 10 and the support leg 4 so that the upper edge of the recess 18 in the wall 59, which has hitherto rested on the section 57 of the bolt, loses its support and the frame leg 15 can slide down until the upper edges of the recesses 18 in the walls 58 and 59 the section 56 of the bolt 20 which has a smaller cross section comes to rest. Since at the same time the bolt 20 has been moved back a little, this results in a stripping play both between the formlining 6 and the side surfaces of the beam and between the formlining 17 and the bottom surface of the beam.
  • a section 65 with a lower height follows a section 84 adjacent to the bolt head 51.
  • the function of the sections 84 and 65 of the bolt 21 corresponds to the function of the sections 57 and 56 of the bolt 20.
  • the side formwork elements 1, 2 can have two or four supports 4, 5 as required.
  • the lining 10 not only forms, as described above, a strip 10 fastened to the adjacent carrier leg 4, the width of which does not exceed the width of the carrier leg 4, but extends over the entire length of the side scarf element 1 or 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

1. System formwork for a concrete floor having a sleeper, with lateral formwork elements (1, 2) for the side surfaces and with lower formwork elements (3) for the lower surface of the sleeper whilst a lateral formwork element (1, 2) and a lower formwork element (3) each comprise at least one carrier (14 or 12, 37, 40) for the formwork skin (6 or 12) and the carrier (12, 37, 40) of the lower formwork element (3) is arranged between the planes of the opposing formwork skins (6) of the lateral formwork elements (1, 2) characterised in that the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) is constructed as a closed integral rectangular frame with the plane of the frame at right angles to the sleeper axis.

Description

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Systemschalung für eine einen Unterzug aufweisende Betondecke mit Seitenschalelementen für die Seitenflächen und mit Unterschalelementen für die Unterfläche des Unterzuges, wobei ein Seitenschalelement und ein Unterschalelement jeweils mindestens einen Träger für die Schalhaut aufweisen und der Träger des Unterschalelementes zwischen den Ebenen der einander gegenüber angeordneten Schalhäute der Seitenschalelemente angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a system formwork for a concrete ceiling having a sub-frame with side formwork elements for the side surfaces and with sub-formwork elements for the lower surface of the sub-frame, wherein a side formwork element and a sub-formwork element each have at least one support for the formwork skin and the support of the sub-formwork element between the levels of mutually opposite formwork of the side formwork elements is arranged.

Bei einer durch das DE-U-17 39 718 bekannten Schalung besteht der Träger des Unterschalelementes aus zwei Trägerhälften, die in einer Ansicht in Richtung der Längsachse der Unterzugschalung L-förmige Gestalt haben. Die kurzen waag rechten Schenkel des bekannten Trägers weisen einen L-förmigen Querschnitt auf während die langen senkrechten Schenkel einen U-förmigen Querschnitt haben. Zum Aufbau der Unter schalung werden die Trägerhälften so angeordnet, daß ihre kurzen Schenkel gegeneinander zeigen und sich überlappen. In den sich überlappenden Abschnitten werden die Trägerhälften durch ein Schloß miteinander verbunden, das durch eine im Querschnitt U-förmige Hülse gebildet ist, die mit ihrem Hohlraum die sich überlappenden Schenkel umschließt. In der Hülse und den Schenkeln sind Löcher zur Befestigung durch Bolzen vorgesehen die die Hülse und die sich überlappenden Abschnitte der Trägerhälften durchsetzen. Die Breite des Unterschalelemetes kann zwar dadurch eingestellt werden, daß sich die kurzen Schenkel der Trägerhälften mehr oder weniger überlappen. Der aus den beiden Trägerhälften zusammengebaute Träger des Unterschalelementes ist jedoch selbst bei angemessener Dimensio-nierung nicht verwindungssteif. Die sehr wenig stabile Befestigung im Bereich der sich überlappenden Trägerabschnitte liegt nämlich an einer Stelle, die bei Auflast auf der Unterzugschalung beispielsweise dann, wenn ein Arbeiter auf der Schalhaut des Unterschalelementes der bereits montierten Unterzugschalung steht, besonders wider standsfähig sein muß. Der aus den beiden Trägerteilen zusammengesetzte bekannte Träger des Unterschalelementes hat demnach die Form eines U, dessen Joch sich bei stärkerer Belastung durchbiegt und dessen nach unten ragende offene Schenkel den bei Belastung des Bodens der Unterzugschalung auftretenden Biegemomenten der Träger der Seitenschalelemente nur sehr wenig Widerstand entgegensetzen können. Darüber hinaus besteht bei Systemschalungen stets das Erfordernis, mit möglichst wenig Einzelelementen möglichst viele Schalaufgaben lösen zu können. Die Einstellbarkeit der Brei te der Unterzugschalung durch ein mehr oder weniger großes Überlappen der kurzen Schenkel der Trägerhälften ist bei der bekannten Schalung nur sehr begrenzt möglich weil mit zu nehmender Breite der Unterzugschalung die sich überlappenden Abschnitte immer kleiner werden, so daß immer weniger Befe stigungsbolzen eingesetzt werden können und damit auch die Steifheit der durch die beiden waagerechten Schenkel der beiden Trägerhälften gebildeten waagerechten Verbindung umso schwächer wird, je breiter die Unterzugschalung ist. Diese waagerechte Verbindung ist damit überdies umso schwächer je größer die mit der Unterzugbreite zunehmende Gesamtlast des Unterzuges beim Einbringen des Betons ist.In a formwork known from DE-U-17 39 718, the support of the lower formwork element consists of two support halves, which are L-shaped in a view in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the lower formwork formwork. The short horizontal legs of the known carrier have an L-shaped cross section while the long vertical legs have a U-shaped cross section. To build the under formwork, the support halves are arranged so that their short legs point towards each other and overlap. In the overlapping sections, the support halves are connected to one another by a lock, which is formed by a sleeve with a U-shaped cross section, which encloses the overlapping legs with its cavity. Holes for fastening by bolts are provided in the sleeve and the legs and penetrate the sleeve and the overlapping sections of the carrier halves. The width of the Unterschalelemetes can be adjusted in that the short legs of the support halves overlap more or less. However, the support of the bottom formwork element assembled from the two support halves is not torsionally rigid even with an appropriate dimensioning. The very unstable attachment in the area of the overlapping beam sections is namely at a point that must be particularly resilient under load on the joist formwork, for example, when a worker stands on the formwork of the bottom formwork element of the already installed joist formwork. The known support of the lower formwork element, composed of the two support parts, therefore has the shape of a U, the yoke of which deflects when subjected to greater loads and whose downwardly projecting open leg can only provide very little resistance to the bending moments of the beams of the side formwork elements which occur when the bottom of the beam formwork is loaded . In addition, system formwork always has the requirement to be able to solve as many formwork tasks as possible with as few individual elements as possible. The adjustability of the breadth of the beam formwork by a more or less large overlap of the short legs of the beam halves is only possible to a very limited extent in the known formwork because with increasing width of the beam formwork, the overlapping sections become smaller and smaller, so that less and less fastening bolts are used can be and thus also the stiffness of the horizontal connection formed by the two horizontal legs of the two beam halves, the weaker the wider the beam formwork. This horizontal connection is therefore also weaker the greater the total load of the beam, which increases with the beam width, when the concrete is being poured.

Auch hat die bekannte Unterzugschalung den Nachteil, daß aufgrund der offenen Schenkel des U-förmigen Trägers sämtliche Kräfte, nämlich einmal die in senkrechter Richtung wirkenden Kräfte, aufgrund des Gewichtes des eingebrachten Be tons wie auch die in seitlicher Richtung wirkenden Biegekräfte aufgrund der Durchbiegung der Unterzugschalung, von diesen offenen Schenkeln aufgenommen und über Befestigungs mittel in die angrenzenden Seitenschalelemente abgeleitet werden müssen.Also, the known joist formwork has the disadvantage that due to the open legs of the U-shaped beam, all forces, namely once the forces acting in the vertical direction, due to the weight of the inserted tons as well as the bending forces acting in the lateral direction due to the deflection of the joist formwork , picked up from these open legs and must be derived via fastening means in the adjacent side formwork elements.

Da bei der bekannten Unterzugschalung der die Last aufnehmende Träger der Bodenschalung lediglich aus zwei sich überlappenden Schenkeln besteht, muß diese Verbindung bei hohen Lasten mit sehr großen Querschnitten dimensioniert werden, so daß das Gewicht der bekannten Schalung so groß werden kann, daß eine Handhabung durch die Bauarbeiter sehr erschwert wird.Since in the known beam formwork the load-bearing beam of the floor formwork consists of only two overlapping legs, this connection must be dimensioned at high loads with very large cross sections, so that the weight of the known formwork can be so great that handling by Construction workers is very difficult.

Schließlich kann der bekannte Träger des Ünterschalelementes nicht unabhnginvon der Höhe der Schalhaut des Seitenschalelementes befestigt werden. Der nach unten weisende Schenkel ist nämlich durch ein Schloß begrenzt daß die Fuge zwischen dem Schenkel des Seitenschalelementes und der benachbarten Trägerhälfte des Unterschalelementes überspannt, so daß im Bereich dieses Schlosses keine Schalhaut zwischen den beiden Trägern vorhanden sein kann. Daher liegt der Schenkel des bekannten Unterschalelementes im Bereich des Schlosses seitlich über ein Distanzstück an dem Träger des Seitenschalelementes an, so daß die Schalhaut des Seitenschalelementes sich zwar in der Tiefe über die Schalhaut des Unterschalelementes hinaus erstrecken kann jedoch lediglich bis zu der im Bereich des Schlosses vorgenommenen Befestigung des nach unten weisenden Schenkels des Trägers des Unter schalelementes am Träger des Seitenschalelementes.Finally, the known support of the sub-formwork element cannot be attached regardless of the height of the formwork skin of the side formwork element. The downward facing leg is limited by a lock that spans the joint between the leg of the side formwork element and the adjacent support half of the bottom formwork element, so that in the area of this lock there can be no formwork skin between the two supports. Therefore, the leg of the known lower formwork element lies laterally in the area of the lock via a spacer on the carrier of the side formwork element, so that the formwork skin of the side formwork element can extend in depth beyond the formwork skin of the lower formwork element but only to that in the area of the castle made attachment of the downward leg of the carrier of the lower formwork element on the carrier of the side formwork element.

Der Erfindung liegt demgegenüber die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Systemschalung eine Schalung für Unterzüge zu entwikkeln, deren Unterschalelement bei möglichst geringem Gewicht eine möglichst hohe Verwindungssteifigkeit aufweist und das schließlich in optimaler Weise abgestützt werden kann.In contrast, the invention is based on the object of developing a formwork for beams in a system formwork, the lower formwork element of which has the highest possible torsional rigidity with the lowest possible weight and which can finally be supported in an optimal manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Träger des Unterschalelementes als einstückiger geschlossener Rechteckrahmen mit quer zur Unterzugachse stehender Rahmenebene ausgebildet ist.This object is achieved in that the carrier of the bottom formwork element as a one-piece closed rectangular frame is formed with the frame plane perpendicular to the beam axis.

Die Erfindung hat damit den Vorteil, daß die Abstützung der Unterbodenschalung aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Trägerform sehr stabil ist. Damit können sowohl die im wesentlichen in senkrechter Richtung wirkenden Gewichtskräfte des einge brachten Betons wie auch die in seitlicher Richtung wirkenden Biegekräfte abgefangen werden, sofern aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Trägerform diese überhaupt noch entstehen.The invention thus has the advantage that the support of the underbody formwork is very stable due to the beam shape according to the invention. So that both the substantially vertical forces of the concrete brought in as well as the bending forces acting in the lateral direction can be absorbed, provided that they still arise due to the shape of the support according to the invention.

Durch die einstückige Ausbildung des rechteckigen Rahmens sind ferner Schlösser beim Zusammensetzen des Trägers ent behrlich so daß der Aufbau der Unterzugschalung vereinfacht wird.Due to the one-piece design of the rectangular frame, locks are also unnecessary when assembling the carrier, so that the structure of the beam formwork is simplified.

Durch die verwendeten beiden in Querrichtung liegenden Rahmenschenkel des Rechteckes werden aber nicht nur Biegemomente optimal abgefangen, es tritt auch eine Verminderung des Querschnittes deswegen ein, weil lediglich der obere Rahmenschenkel unmittelbar an der Schalhaut anliegt, der untere Rahmenschenkel jedoch im Abstand dazu, so daß aufgrund des resultierenden Trägheitsmomentes die Summe der Quer schnitte der beiden quer liegenden Rahmenschenkel geringer sein kann als der bei einem einzigen, unmittelbar an der Schalhaut anliegenden Rahmenschenkel erforderliche Querschnitt. Dies bringt eine erhebliche Gewichtseinsparung mit sich.The two transverse frame legs of the rectangle used not only optimally absorb bending moments, there is also a reduction in the cross section because only the upper frame leg lies directly against the formwork skin, but the lower frame leg is at a distance from it, so that due to of the resulting moment of inertia the sum of the cross sections of the two transverse frame legs can be less than the cross section required for a single frame leg lying directly against the formlining. This brings a considerable weight saving.

Während bei der bekannten Anordnung lediglich ein Abfangen der Kräfte über die nach unten weisenden offenen Schenkel des Trägers in die Seitenschalelemente möglich ist, eröffet der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Träger die Möglichkeit, die nach unten wirkenden Kräfte auch unmittelbar durch Abstützen der beiden quer liegende Rahmenschenkel abzufangen. Diese Kräfte werden aufgrund des bereits erwähnten geringeren erforderlichen Querschnitts der quer liegenden Rahmenschenkel am oberen Rahmenschenkel in unmittelbarer Nähe der Schalhaut abgefangen. Betrachtet man dabei die Unterzugschalung von der Seite, erkennt man daß aufgrund dieser näheren Abstützung auch das Kippmoment, das sich bei nicht exakt senkrechter Ausrichtung des Trägers einstellt, vermindert wird.While in the known arrangement it is only possible to intercept the forces via the downwardly facing open legs of the carrier into the side formwork elements, the carrier designed according to the invention opens up the possibility of intercepting the downwardly acting forces directly by supporting the two transverse frame legs. These forces are absorbed due to the already mentioned lower required cross-section of the transverse frame legs on the upper frame leg in the immediate vicinity of the formlining. If you look at the joist formwork from the side, you can see that due to this closer support, the tilting moment that occurs when the beam is not exactly perpendicular is reduced.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Rechteckrahmen des Trägers mit einer Platte ausgefüllt sein. Dadurch wird eine noch höhere Biegesteifigkeit des Trägers erreicht.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the rectangular frame of the carrier can be filled with a plate. This results in an even higher bending stiffness of the beam.

Der Rechteckrahmen des Trägers kann entweder quadratisch oder rechteckförmig mit verschieden langen Seiten sein. Die letztgenannte Ausführungsform der Erfindung hat den Vorteil daß die Breite des Unterzuges dadurch variiert werden kann, daß der rahmenförmige Träger entweder der Höhe oder der Breite nach zwischen den Seitenschalelementen befestigt wird. Die Breite des zu schalenden Unterzuges läßt sich noch weiter dadurch variieren, daß Beilagen vorgesehen sind, die entweder an der einen Seite oder an beiden Seiten des Trägers zwischen dem Rahmenschenkel des Trägers und dem Seitenschalelement einsetzbar sind. Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in der Schalung noch ein zweiter Träger in der Form eines Rechtecks mit verschieden langen Seiten für das Unterschalelement zugeordnet, dessen lange Seite dem Maß der kurzen Seite eines ersten rechteckförmigen Trägers entspricht. Wenn daher der erste Träger der Breite nach und der zweite Träger der Höhe nach zwischen den Seitenschalelementen angeordnet wird und noch zwei oder drei Beilagestücke vorgesehen sind, so können mit diesem Satz Unterzüge mit einer Breite von 25 cm bis zu einer Breite von 95 cm in Stufen von jeweils 5 cm geschalt werden. Dabei beträgt die Seitenlänge des größeren Maßes 40 bzw. 55 cm, des kleineren Rahmens 40 bzw. 25 cm, und die drei Beilagen sind jeweils 5 cm breit und 40 cm hoch. Man kann daher mit diesen drei Teilen jede praktisch vorkommende Breite eines Unterzuges schalen.The rectangular frame of the carrier can be either square or rectangular with sides of different lengths. The last-mentioned embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the width of the girder can be varied in that the frame-shaped carrier is fastened between the side formwork elements either in height or in width. The width of the girder to be shuttered can be varied even further by providing inserts which can be used either on one side or on both sides of the bracket between the frame leg of the bracket and the side shuttering element. In one embodiment of the invention, a second carrier in the form of a rectangle with sides of different lengths for the bottom formwork element is assigned in the formwork, the long side of which corresponds to the dimension of the short side of a first rectangular carrier. If, therefore, the first beam is arranged in width and the second beam in height between the side formwork elements and two or three shims are provided, this set can be used for beams with a width of 25 cm up to a width of 95 cm in steps of 5 cm each. The side length of the larger size is 40 or 55 cm, the smaller frame 40 or 25 cm, and the three inserts are 5 cm wide and 40 cm high. You can therefore form any practically occurring width of a beam with these three parts.

Bei Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Schalung sind die Träger der Seitenschalung übsr den unteren Rand der Schalhaut hinaus verlängert und die Befestigungsmittel sind im Bereich dieser Verlängerungen vorgesehen. Dabei können die Verlängerungen in bei dem DE-U-17 39 718 bekannter Weise eine Auflage aufweisen, die die gleiche Dicke wie die Schalhaut aufweist. Oder aber kann die Schalhaut der Seitenschalelemente bis in den Bereich dieser Befestigungsmittel oder noch weiter nach unten verlaufen. Die Befestigungsmit tel, mit denen die Träger des Unterschalelementes vorzugsweise im Bereich der Verlängerungen der Träger der Seitenschalelemente befestigt werden, bestehen bei Ausführungsfor men der Erfindung aus vorzugsweiss quer zur Unterzuglängsachse verlaufenden Löchern und in diese eingesetzte den Träger des Seitenschalelementes und dem benachbarten seitlichen Rahmenschenkel des Trägers des Unterschalelementes durchsetzende Bolzen, seien es nun Keilbolzen, also Bolzen deren dem Bolzenkopf abgewandtes Ende eine längsverlaufende Aussparung aufweist, in die ein Keil eingeschlagen wird, oder Gewindebolzen oder aber können dies beispielsweise sich durch die ganze Unterzugschalung hindurch erstreckende Spanneisen sein, mit denen die beiden Seitenschalelemente, die schwenkbar an der Deckenschalung eingehängt sein können, an die seitlichen Rahmenschenkel des Trägers des Unterschal elementes angepreßt werden. Die Befestigungselemente können so gewählt sein daß die Seitenschalelemente von dem Unterschalelement vollständig gelöst, also die die Bohrungen durchsetzenden Bolzen oder Spannstäbe vollständig heraus genommen werden können. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß beispiels weise das Unterschalelement, durch Stützen unterstützt, noch den Unterzugboden abstützt, während die Seitenschalelemente zusammen mit Deckenschalelementen bereits abgenommen werden können, beispielsweise nachdem bei Verwen dung von Fallkopfstützen die Deckenlängsträger mit den Deckenschalelementen um den Weg des Fallkopfes abgesenkt worden sind.In embodiments of the formwork according to the invention, the supports of the side formwork are extended beyond the lower edge of the formwork skin and the fastening means are provided in the area of these extensions. The extensions can have a support in the manner known from DE-U-17 39 718, which has the same thickness as the formlining. Or the formlining of the side formwork elements can extend into the area of these fastening means or even further down. The fastening means tel, with which the carrier of the lower formwork element are preferably fastened in the area of the extensions of the carrier of the side formwork elements, are in embodiments of the invention preferably made of holes running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the lower beam and inserted into the carrier of the side formwork element and the adjacent side frame leg of the carrier bolts penetrating the bottom formwork element, be it wedge bolts, i.e. bolts whose end facing away from the bolt head has a longitudinal recess into which a wedge is driven, or threaded bolts or these can be, for example, tensioning arms extending through the entire beam formwork, with which the two Side formwork elements, which can be hinged to the ceiling formwork, are pressed against the side frame legs of the support of the bottom formwork element. The fastening elements can be selected such that the side formwork elements are completely detached from the bottom formwork element, that is to say the bolts or tie rods penetrating the bores can be removed completely. This has the advantage that, for example, the lower formwork element, supported by supports, still supports the beam floor, while the side formwork elements already together with ceiling formwork elements can be removed, for example, after using the drop head restraints, the ceiling rails with the ceiling formwork elements have been lowered by the path of the drop head.

Zur Befestigung des Trägers des Unterschalelementes an dem Seitenschalelement können sowohl das Seitenschalelement insbesondere die Verlängerungen der Träger, als auch die Rahmenschenkel des Trägers des Unterschalelementes Lochreihen mit voneinander abweichenden Lochabständen aufweisen, so daß den Löchern an den seitlichen Rahmenschenkeln des Unterschalelementes nach Art einer Nonius-Skala angeordnete Löcher in der Seitenschalung gegenübsr stehen. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Höhe der Unterzugschalung in ganz kleinen Stufen zu bestimmen. In diesem Falle, in dem bei den jeweils verschiedenen Höhen stets nur eine Aussparung des seitlichen Rahmenschenkeis mit einer Aussparung in den Träger des Seitenschalelementes fluchtet, kann man sich damit begnügen, daß nur ein Bolzen zur Verbindung des Trägers des jeweiligen Seitenschalelementes mit dem Träger des Unterschalelementes vorgesehen ist. Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung können an den Seitenflächen der Träger der Seitenschalelemente die Fuge übergreifende und an den Seitenflächen der seitlichen Rahmenschenkel des Trägers des Unterschalelementes angreifende Führungslappen befestigt sein, die ein Verdrehen um die Achse des einzigen Verbindungsbolzens verhindern. Eine Drehung um einen derartigen einzigen Verbindungsbolzen kann bei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung auch dadurch vermieden werden daß in der Höhe mehrere, beispielsweise zwei Lochreihen übereinander in den Verlängerungen der Träger der Seitenschalelemente und in den seitlichen Rahmenschenkeln des Trägers des Unterschaleie mentes vorgesehen sind. Dabei stehen die Lochreihen in der Verlängerung des Trägers wiederum nach Art einer Nonius-Skala den entsprechenden Lochreihen in dem benachbarten seitlichen Rahmenschenkel gegenüber, jedoch fluchtet in jeder Lochreihe ein Loch des Trägers des Seitenschalelementes mit einem Loch des Trägers des Unterschalelementes. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist daher jedes Seitenschalelement durch zwei Bolzen mit dem Unterschalele ment verbunden.To fasten the carrier of the lower formwork element to the side formwork element, both the side formwork element, in particular the extensions of the beams, and the frame legs of the carrier of the lower formwork element can have rows of holes with mutually different hole spacings, so that the holes on the lateral frame legs of the bottom formwork element in the manner of a vernier scale arranged holes in the side formwork are opposite. This makes it possible to determine the height of the joist formwork in very small steps. In this case, in which only one recess of the lateral frame leg is always aligned with a recess in the carrier of the side formwork element at the different heights, one can be satisfied with the fact that only one bolt for connecting the carrier of the respective side formwork element to the carrier of the bottom formwork element is provided. In one embodiment of the invention, guiding tabs which overlap the joints and act on the side surfaces of the side frame legs of the carrier of the lower formwork element, which prevent rotation about the axis of the single connecting bolt, can be attached to the side surfaces of the supports of the side formwork elements. A rotation around such a single connecting bolt can also be avoided in embodiments of the invention in that several, for example two rows of holes are provided one above the other in the extensions of the carrier of the side formwork elements and in the side frame legs of the carrier of the lower shell element. The rows of holes in the extension of the carrier are again in the manner of a vernier scale opposite the corresponding rows of holes in the adjacent side frame leg, but in each row of holes a hole of the carrier of the side formwork element is aligned with a hole of the carrier of the bottom formwork element. In this embodiment of the invention, therefore, each side formwork element is connected to the lower formwork element by two bolts.

Ist jedoch das Seitenschalelement nur durch einen einzigen Bolzen mit dem Unterschalelement verbunden, so besteht eine weitere Möglichkeit, eine Drehbewegung des Trägers des Unterschalelementes gegenüber dem Seitenschalelement um diesen einen Bolzen zu vermeiden, bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung dadurch, daß die Löcher und die in sie einzu führenden Bolzen keinen runden sondern einen länglichen, Querschnitt aufweisen; beispielsweise können die Bolzen die Form eines flachen Bolzens aufweisen.However, if the side formwork element is connected to the bottom formwork element only by a single bolt, there is a further possibility of avoiding a rotational movement of the carrier of the bottom formwork element relative to the side formwork element around this one bolt, in one embodiment of the invention in that the holes and the holes in them a bolt to be guided does not have a round, but an elongated, cross-section; for example, the bolts can be in the form of a flat bolt.

Bei der Ausführungsform des Trägers in Form eines Rechtecks mit ungleich langen Seiten können alle Rahmenschenkel Lochreihen zur Befestigung des Rahmens an den Trägern der Seitenschalung aufweisen. Diese Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann dahingehend weiter ausgebildet sein, daß der Abstand der,Lochreihe von dem einen Schenkelende größer ist als der Abstand dieser Lochreihe von dem anderen Ende des Rahmenschenkels. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß durch Drehen des Rah menschenkels um 180° um seine Symmetrieachse zwei verschiedene Höhenbereiche des Unterzuges geschalt werden können.In the embodiment of the girder in the form of a rectangle with unevenly long sides, all the frame legs can have rows of holes for fastening the frame to the girders of the side formwork. This embodiment of the invention can be further developed in that the distance of the row of holes from one leg end is greater than the distance of this row of holes from the other end of the frame leg. This has the advantage that two different height ranges of the beam can be switched by rotating the human frame by 180 ° around its axis of symmetry.

Dabei ist jedoch der Abstand der Lochreihe vom Schenkelende stets gleich oder größer als der Mindestabstand, der zwischen der am Befestigungsbolzen auftretenden Zugkraft und der an der Oberkante des Trägers des Unterschalelementes wirkenden, parallel zur Bolzenlängsachse wirkenden Druckkraft in der statischen Berechnung zur Aufnahme des aus der Belastung herrührenden Drehmomentes vorgesehen ist. Diese Ausführungsform der Erfindung hat den Vorteil, daß bei allen üblichen Schalungsarbeiten dieser in der statischen Berech nung vorausgesetzte Mindestabstand nicht unterschritten werden kann und daher die Voraussetzungen, die in der statischen Berechnung vorgegeben worden sind, in jedem Falle eingehalten werden.However, the distance of the row of holes from the end of the leg is always equal to or greater than the minimum distance between the tensile force occurring on the fastening bolt and the compressive force acting on the upper edge of the beam of the lower formwork element and acting parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bolt in the static calculation to absorb the load originating torque is provided. This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the minimum distance required in the static calculation can not be undercut in all usual formwork work and therefore the requirements that have been specified in the static calculation are met in any case.

Schließlich kann die Befestigung des Trägers des Unterschalelementes an den Seitenschalelementen so erfolgen, daß dann wenn der Bolzen ein kleines Stück weit zurückgeschlagen wird bereits ein Ausschalspiel entsteht. Bei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann dies dadurch verwirklicht werden, daß der zum Befestigen der Rahmen an dem Träger verwendete Bolzen an seinem freien Ende einen geringeren Durchmesser aufweist als an seinem dem Bolzenkopf benachbarten Teil, wobei jedoch der Bolzenabschnitt mit dem größeren Duchmesser mindestens so lang ist, daß er bei eingestecktem Bolzen noch die Bohrung in einer dem Bolzenkopf zugewandten Wand des nicht dem Bolzenkopf benachbarten Teil durchsetzt.Finally, the support of the sub-formwork element can be attached to the side formwork elements in such a way that when the bolt is pushed back a little, a formwork release occurs. In embodiments of the invention, this can be achieved in that the bolt used to fasten the frames to the carrier has a smaller diameter at its free end than at its part adjacent to the bolt head, but the bolt section with the larger diameter being at least as long, that, when the bolt is inserted, it still penetrates the bore in a wall of the part not facing the bolt head facing the bolt head.

Die einzelnen Merkmale können je für sich oder zu mehreren bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwirklicht sein. In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsformen der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer Unterzugschalung.
  • Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform einer Unterzugschalung.
  • Fig. 3 eine Bolzenverbindung zwischen dem Träger des Seitenschalelementes und dem Träger des Unterschalelementes in wesentlich größerem Maßstab.
  • Fig. 4 die Form von Aussparungen zur Aufnahme von Befestigungsbolzen.
  • Fig.5u.6 zeigen Ausführungsformen von Befestigungsbolzen;
  • Fig. 7 einen Keil zur Befestigung der Befestigungsbolzen nach den Fig. 5 und 6.
  • Fig. 8 eine Gesamtansicht einer Unterzugschalung im Schaubild
The individual features can be implemented individually or in groups in one embodiment of the invention. Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a beam formwork.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through another embodiment of a beam formwork.
  • Fig. 3 shows a bolt connection between the carrier of the side formwork element and the carrier of the bottom formwork element on a much larger scale.
  • Fig. 4 shows the shape of recesses for receiving fastening bolts.
  • Fig.5u.6 show embodiments of fastening bolts;
  • Fig. 7 shows a wedge for fastening the Fastening bolts according to FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Fig. 8 is an overall view of a joist formwork in the diagram

Bei der in Fig. 8 in zusammengebautem Zustand gezeigten Unterzugschalung sind zwei spiegelbildlich gleich ausgebildete Seitenschalelemente 1 und 2 vorgesehen, die parallel zueinander im Abstand angeordnet sind und zwischen denen ein Unterschalelement 3 für die Schalung der Unterseite des Unterzuges angeordnet ist. Die Seitenschalelemente 1 und 2 weisen im Abstand voneinander angeordnete Träger 11 auf, die aus einem senkrechten Schenkel 4 und einem an dessen oberen Ende rechtwinklig abstehenden kurzen Schenkel 5 bestehen. Die Schenkel 4 und 5 weisen den Querschnitt eines rechteckigen Hohlprofils auf und sind über einen Gehrungsschnitt zusammengeschweißt. Der senkrechte Schenkel 4 trägt auf seiner dem Unterzug zugewandten Seite eine Schalhaut 6 zur Schalung der Seitenfläche des Unterzuges. Der vom Unterzug wegweisende kurze Schenkel 5 trägt an seiner Oberseite eine waagrechte Schalhaut 7, die zur Schalung des dem Unterzug benachbarten Deckenabschnittes dient. Die vom Unterzug abgewandten Enden der Schenkel 5 sind durch eine Leiste 8 miteinander verbunden, und an der Unterseite dieser Schenkelenden sind Mittel 9 vorgesehen, mit denen das Seitenschalelement an einem Deckenträger oder einem Fallkopf einer Fallkopfstütze eingehängt werden kann.8, in the assembled state of the joist formwork, two mirror-image formwork elements 1 and 2 of identical design are provided, which are arranged parallel to one another at a distance and between which a sub-formwork element 3 for the formwork of the underside of the joist is arranged. The side formwork elements 1 and 2 have spaced apart supports 11 which consist of a vertical leg 4 and a short leg 5 protruding at right angles at its upper end. The legs 4 and 5 have the cross section of a rectangular hollow profile and are welded together via a miter cut. The vertical leg 4 carries on its side facing the joist a formwork 6 for formwork of the side surface of the joist. The short leg 5 pointing away from the beam has on its upper side a horizontal formwork skin 7 which is used for formwork of the ceiling section adjacent to the beam. The ends of the legs 5 facing away from the beam are connected to one another by a strip 8, and means 9 are provided on the underside of these leg ends, by means of which the side formwork element can be hung on a ceiling support or a drop head of a drop head support.

Die Schalhaut 6 reicht von oben so weit nach unten, daß diese Fläche zum Schalen der Seitenwände der gebräuchlichen reich der Schenkel 4 ein Schalhautabschnitt oder ein Futter 10 vorgesehen, das die gleiche Dicke wie die Schalhaut 6 und die Breite der der Schalhaut zugewandten Fläche des Schenkels 4 aufweist. Die senkrechte Schalhaut 6 und die waagrechte Schalhaut 7 ragen seitlich über die Schenkel 4 und 5 der Träger um etwa ein Viertel des Abstandes zwi schen zwei einander benachbarten Trägernschenkel 4, 5 bzw. Trägern 11 hinaus. Zwischen den beiden die Seitenflächen eines Unterzuges schalenden Seitenschalelementen 1 und 2 ist ein Unterschalelement 3 angeordnet das einen Rahmen 12 mit senkrechter Rahmenfläche aufweist, der aus im Querschnitt ein Rechteckhohlprofil aufweisenden Rahmenschenkeln 13, 14, 15 und 16 zusammengeschweißt ist, wobei die einander gegenüberliegenden Rahmenschenkel 14 und 15 kürzer sind als die Rahmenschenkel 13 und 16. Auf dem oberen Rahmenschenkel 16 ist eine Schalhaut 17 für die Unterfläche des Unterzuges befestigt. Der Rahmen 12 ist zwischen den dem Unterzug zugewandten Seiten der Schalelemente 6 bzw. zwischen den mit diesen Flächen fluchtenden Flächen des Futters 10 angeordnet.The formwork 6 extends from the top down so far that this area for formwork of the side walls of the usual rich leg 4 is provided with a formwork section or a lining 10 which has the same thickness as the formwork 6 and the width of the formwork surface facing the leg 4 has. The vertical formwork 6 and the horizontal formwork 7 protrude laterally over the legs 4 and 5 of the carrier by about a quarter of the distance between two adjacent carrier legs 4, 5 or 11 carriers. Between the two side formwork elements 1 and 2 forming the side surfaces of a beam, a bottom formwork element 3 is arranged which has a frame 12 with a vertical frame surface, which is welded together from frame legs 13, 14, 15 and 16 with a rectangular hollow profile in cross section, the frame legs 14 lying opposite one another and 15 are shorter than the frame legs 13 and 16. On the upper frame leg 16, a formlining 17 is fastened for the lower surface of the beam. The frame 12 is arranged between the sides of the formwork elements 6 facing the beam or between the surfaces of the lining 10 that are flush with these surfaces.

In den Rahmenschenkeln 13 bis 16 sind Aussparungen 18 und in den Schenkeln 4 unterhalb des unteren Endes der Schalhaut 6 Aussparungen 19 zur Aufnahme von Befestigungsmittein, zum Beispiel Bolzen 20, 21 oder 22 vorgesehen. In den Rahmenschenkeln 13 und 16 sind bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung jeweils fünf Aussparungen 18 mit untereinander gleichmäßigen Abständen vorgesehen. Diese aus den Aussparungen 18 gebildete Lochreihe weist jedoch von dem in Fig. 1 rechten Ende einen größeren Abstand auf als von dem in Fig. 1 linken Ende der Rahmenschenkel 16. Auch die durch die Aussparungen 18 in den kurzen Rahmenschenkeln 14 und 15 gebildeten Lochreihen weisen von dem in Fig. 1 oberen Ende der Rahmenschenkel 14, 15 einen kleineren Abstand auf als von dem in Fig. 1 unteren Ende. In der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind in den Trägerschenkeln 4 lediglich drei Aussparungen 19 vorgesehen. In Fig. 1 ist angenommen, daß in den obersten der Aussparun Seitenschalelement um vermeiden, bei einer Ausführungsform einzu einen länglichen beispielsweise können die Bolzen d flachen Bolzens aufweisen. eines Rechtecks können alle Rahmenschenkel Loc Befestigung des Rahmens an den Trägern der Sei Ausführungsform der Erfindung Abstand Schenkelende größer ist als der Lochreihe von dem anderen Ende des Rahm durch Drehen des Rah seine Symmetrieachse zwei verschie können. vom Schenkelende der Mindestabstand, der z Befestigungsbolzen auftretenden Zugkraft und Unterschalelementes Bolzenlängsachse wirkenden Druc statischen Berechnung zur Aufnahme des aus der vorgesehen ist. Diese Erfindung hat den Vorteil daß bei allen Berech nicht unterschritten wer Voraussetzungen, die in der sta Falle eingehalten werden des Unterschal Seitenschalelementen so erfolgen, daß dann zurückgeschlagen wird entsteht. Bei Ausführungsforme kann dies dadurch verwirklicht werden, daß der verwendete Bolzen an geringeren Durchmesser aufweist als de Duchmesser mindestens so eingestecktem Bolzen noch die Bohrun dem Bolzenkopf benachbarten Teil durchsetzt zu mehreren Erfindung verwirklicht sein Ausführungsformen der Erfindung darge zeigen Ausführungsform einer Unterzugschalun Ausführungsform einer Unterzugschalung Träger des des Unterschal Maßsta Aufnahme von Befesti gungsbolzen. Befestigungsbolze Befestigungsbolzen nach den Fig. 5 und 6 Unterzugschalung im Schau bild Zustand gezeigt spiegelbildlich gleich ausgebil paralle und zwischen denen ein die Schalung der Unterseite de angeordnet ist. Die Seitenschalelemente 1 und 2 Träger 11 auf, die Schenkel 4 und einem an dessen obere bestehen. Querschnitt eines rechteck und sind über einen Gehrungsschnitt 4 trägt auf Seite eine Schalhaut 6 zu Seitenfläche des Unterzuges. Der vom Unterzug Oberseite eine Schalung des dem Unterzu Deckenabschnittes dient. Die vom Unterzug eine Leiste 8 Unterseite dieser Sehen vorgesehen, mit denen das Seit einem Deckenträger oder einem Fallkopf einer Fallkopfstütze eingehängt werden kann. unten daß Seitenwände der gebräuchlichen Schenkel 4 ein Schalhautabschnitt oder ein Fu Schalhaut 6 zugewandten Fläche de Die senkrechte Schalhaut 6 und die Schalhaut 7 ragen seitlich über die Schenkel 4 Abstandes zwi Trägernschenkel 4, 5 bzw Zwischen den beiden die Seitenflächen und 2 is das einen Rahmen 12 mit Rahmenfläche aufweist, der aus im Querschnit Rahmenschenkeln 13,14, zusammengeschweißt ist, wobei die einander ge kürzer sind als Auf dem oberen Rahmensche Schalhaut 17 für die Unterfläche des Unter Unterzug 6 bzw. zwischen den mi fluchtenden Flächen des Futters 10 angeord net. Aussparungen 18 und in unterhalb des unteren Endes der Schalhaut Befestigungsmitteln, zum oder 22 vorgesehen. In den Rahmen und 16 sind bei der dargestellten Ausfüh Aussparungen 18 mit gleichmäßigen Abständen vorgesehen. Diese au jedoch von dem größeren Abstand auf als vo Ende der Rahmenschenkel 16. Auch die Rahmenschenkeln 14 Lochreihen weisen von dem in Fig. 1 oberen Abstand au der in Fig. 1 darge Erfindung sind in den Träge drei Aussparungen 19 vorgesehen. In gen 18 und 19 jeweils ein Befestigungsmittel entweder ei nur den Rahmenschenkel 14 und den benachbarten Trägerschenkel 4 mit dem Futter 10 durchsetzender Bolzen 20, der mit einem Keil 23 festgezogen wird, oder aber ein Spannstab 24 eingeführt ist, der dann die beiden Seitenschalelemente und die beiden Rahmenschenkel 14 und 15 durchsetzt und an seinen Enden mit geeigneten Spannmitteln gespannt wird, beispielsweise mit Schraubmuttern 25. Wird jedoch der Rahmen 12 um eine waagrechte Mittelachse um 180° verschwenkt zwischen den Seitenschalelementen 1 und 2 befestigt, so ist der Abstand zwischen der dann obersten Aussparung 18 von der Schalhaut 17 größer als bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Lage des Rah mens 12, so daß dann ein Bereich von Unterzugshöhen geschalt werden kann, der niedriger ist als bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Lage.Recesses 18 are provided in the frame legs 13 to 16 and recesses 19 in the legs 4 below the lower end of the formlining 6 for receiving fastening means, for example bolts 20, 21 or 22. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, five recesses 18 are provided in the frame legs 13 and 16 with even spacing between them. However, this row of holes formed from the recesses 18 is at a greater distance from the right end in FIG. 1 than from the left end of the frame legs 16 in FIG. 1. The rows of holes formed by the recesses 18 in the short frame legs 14 and 15 also point from the upper end in FIG. 1 of the frame legs 14, 15 at a smaller distance than from the lower end in FIG. 1. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1, only three recesses 19 are provided in the carrier legs 4. In Fig. 1 it is assumed that in the uppermost of the Aussparun side formwork element in order to avoid an elongated in one embodiment, for example, the bolts can have d flat bolts. of a rectangle, all frame legs Loc fastening the frame to the supports of the embodiment of the invention, the distance between the leg ends is greater than the row of holes from the other end of the frame by rotating the frame can shift its axis of symmetry two. from the end of the leg, the minimum distance, the tensile force acting on the fastening bolts and the sub-form element of the longitudinal axis of the bolt. This invention has the advantage that the calculation does not fall below those in all calculations who meet the requirements that are met in the sta trap of the under-scarf side-scarf elements in such a way that it is then struck back. In embodiments, this can be achieved in that the bolt used has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the bolt inserted at least in this way, the hole adjacent to the bolt head penetrates part of the invention. Several embodiments of the invention are shown. Embodiments of the invention show an embodiment of a beam formwork Bottom scarf measure of fastening bolts. Fastening bolt fastening bolt according to FIGS. 5 and 6 under-beam formwork in the show image state shown in mirror image the same in parallel and between which a formwork of the underside de is arranged. The side formwork elements 1 and 2 support 11, the legs 4 and one at the top thereof. Cross-section of a rectangle and are on a miter cut 4 carries on the side a formlining 6 to the side surface of the beam. The formwork of the upper to the ceiling section serves from the upper beam. Provided by a beam 8 underside of this view with which the side can be hung from a ceiling beam or a drop head of a drop headrest. below that side walls of the common leg 4 a formwork section or a facing formwork 6 facing surface de The vertical formwork 6 and the formwork 7 protrude laterally over the legs 4 distance between the carrier legs 4, 5 or between the two the side surfaces and 2 is a frame 12 with a frame surface, which in Cross-section frame legs 13, 14 is welded together, the ge being shorter than on the upper frame formwork skin 17 for the lower surface of the lower beam 6 or between the aligned surfaces of the lining 10 net. Recesses 18 and in below the lower end of the formwork fastening means provided for or 22. In the frame 16 and 16, recesses 18 are provided at regular intervals in the embodiment shown. However, this from the greater distance than from the end of the frame legs 16. The frame legs 14 rows of holes also have three recesses 19 in the supports from the upper distance in FIG. 1 in the invention shown in FIG. 1. In gen 18 and 19 a fastener either egg only the frame leg 14 and the adjacent support leg 4 with the lining 10 penetrating bolt 20, which is tightened with a wedge 23, or a tie rod 24 is inserted, which then the two side formwork elements and the passes through both frame legs 14 and 15 and is tensioned at its ends with suitable clamping means, for example with screw nuts 25. However, if the frame 12 is pivoted about a horizontal central axis by 180 ° and fastened between the side formwork elements 1 and 2, then the distance between them is the uppermost Recess 18 from the formlining 17 larger than in the position of the frame 12 shown in FIG. 1, so that a range of beam heights can then be switched, which is lower than in the position shown in FIG. 1.

Die Aussparungen 19 weisen einen Abstand voneinander auf, der von dem Abstand der Aussparungen 18 verschieden ist und auch nicht ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches eines Abstandes der Aussparungen 18 beträgt, so daß hier nur eine der Aus sparungen 19 mit einer Aussparung 18 fluchtet. Die Lochreihe der Aussparungen 19 in den Trägerschenkeln 4 und die Aussparungen 18 in den Rahmenschenkeln 13 bis 18 des Rahmens 12 sind daher nach Art einer Nonius-Skala ausgebildet, so daß die Höhe des Unterzuges in sehr kleinen Stufen eingestellt werden kann.The recesses 19 are at a distance from one another which is different from the distance of the recesses 18 and is also not an integer multiple of a distance between the recesses 18, so that here only one of the savings 19 is aligned with a recess 18. The row of holes of the recesses 19 in the carrier legs 4 and the recesses 18 in the frame legs 13 to 18 of the frame 12 are therefore designed in the manner of a vernier scale, so that the height of the beam can be adjusted in very small steps.

Bei Belastung der Untersichtschalung wirkt in der Ebene der oberen Fläche des Rahmens 12 eine Druckkraft 26 und auf die Befestigungselemente, beispielsweise den Bolzen 20, eine Zugkraft 27. Die Schalung muß so stäbil sein, daß sie dieses durch die Belastung entstehende Drehmoment aufnimmt. In der statischen Berechnung der Schalung wird daher die Größe der Kräfte 28 und 27 und ihr Abstand voneinander als Randbedingung vorausgesetzt. Der kleinste Abstand 28 einer Aussparung 18 von dem benachbarten Ende des Rahmenschenkels 15 ist bei den dargestellten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung mindestens so groß wie der in der statischen Berechnung vorgesehene Abstand zwischen den Kräften 28 und 27. Dadurch kann der Rahmen 12 immer nur so eingesetzt werden daß der in der statischen Berechnung vorausgesetzte Mindestabstand und damit die in der statischen Berechnung vorausgesetzten Verhältnisse eingehalten sind.When the underside formwork is loaded, a compressive force 26 acts in the plane of the upper surface of the frame 12 and a tensile force 27 acts on the fastening elements, for example the bolt 20. The formwork must be so stable that it absorbs this torque resulting from the load. In the static calculation of the formwork, the magnitude of the forces 28 and 27 and their distance from one another are therefore a prerequisite. The smallest distance 28 of a recess 18 from the adjacent end of the frame leg 15 is at least as large in the illustrated embodiments of the invention as the distance between the forces 28 and 27 provided in the static calculation. As a result, the frame 12 can only ever be used in such a way that the minimum distance required in the static calculation and thus the conditions required in the static calculation are observed.

Zwar sind Ausführungsformen möglich, bei denen der Rahmen 12 mit Hilfe von mehreren übereinander angeordneten Bolzen 20 an den Rahmenschenkeln 4 befestigt ist, bei den dargestell ten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung bei denen die Abstände der Aussparungen 18 von den Abständen der Aussparungen 19 verschieden sind, fluchtet jedoch bei einer eingestellen Höhe nur eine Aussparung 19 mit einer Ausspärung 18 und daher ist der Rahmen 12 auch nur mit je einem Bolzen 20 oder einem Spannstab 24 an den Trägerschenkein 4 befestigt. Damit der Rahmen 12 sich nicht um die Achse der Befestigungsmittel 20 und 24 drehen kann, ist an jeder der beiden seitli chen Flächen des Trägerschenkels 4 je ein Anschlaglappen 29 angeschweißt, der, das Futter 10 übergreifend, an den Seitenflächen der senkrecht verlaufenden Rahmenschenkel 14 und 15 angreift, so daß zwischen den zu beiden Seiten der Schen kel 4 befestigten Anschlaglappen 29 die senkrechten Rahmenschenkel 14 bzw. 15 des Rahmens 12 geführt sind.Although embodiments are possible in which the frame 12 is fastened to the frame legs 4 by means of a plurality of bolts 20 arranged one above the other, in the embodiments of the invention in which the distances of the recesses 18 are different from the distances of the recesses 19, however, they are aligned at a set height only one recess 19 with a recess 18 and therefore the frame 12 is also attached to the support legs 4 only with one bolt 20 or one tie rod 24. So that the frame 12 can not rotate about the axis of the fasteners 20 and 24, a stop flap 29 is welded to each of the two lateral surfaces of the support leg 4, which, overlapping the lining 10, on the side surfaces of the vertical frame legs 14 and 15 attacks so that between the two sides of the angle 4 attached stop tabs 29, the vertical frame legs 14 and 15 of the frame 12 are guided.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann man jedoch auf diese Anschlaglappen 29 verzichten, wenn man die Aussparungen 18 und 19 und auch den Querschnitt der in diese Aussparungen 18, 19 eingeführten Bolzen 21, 22 unrund ausführt. Dann nämlich wirkt allein schon diese unrunde Ausführung der Befestigungsmittel einem Drehmoment um die Achse dieser Befestigungsmittel entgegen.In another embodiment of the invention, however, these stop flaps 29 can be dispensed with if the recesses 18 and 19 and also the cross section of the bolts 21, 22 inserted into these recesses 18, 19 are made out of round. This is because this non-circular design of the fastening means counteracts a torque about the axis of these fastening means.

Die in Fig. 4 dargstellte Aussparung 18 weist außer dem länglichen Teil, der zum Einführen der in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellten Bolzen 21 und 22 dient, noch ein zentrische Bohrung 31 auf, die zum Durchstecken von Spannstäben oder dergleichen dient.The recess 18 shown in FIG. 4 has, in addition to the elongated part which is used to insert the bolts 21 and 22 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a central bore 31 which is used to push through tension rods or the like.

In Fig. 1 wird der Abstand zwischen den beiden seitlichen Schalhäuten 6 des Unterzuges durch die langen Rahmenschenkel 13 und 16 bestimmt. Ist der Unterzug schmaler, so wird der Rahmen 12 hochkant zwischen den beiden Seitenschalelementen 1 und 2 befestigt, so daß also die Rahmenschenkel 13 und 16 parallel zu den Trägerschenkeln 4 verlaufen und je nach Höhe des Unterzuges der Schenkel 14 oder der Schenkel 15 oben verläuft und die dann schmälere Schalhaut 17 trägt. Will man breitere Unterzüge schalen, so kann man zwischen den Rahmen 12 und die benachbarten Seitenschalelement 1 und 2 Beilagenstücke 32 einfügen, die etwa die Breiten-und Dickenmaße der Rahmenschenkel 14 und die gleichen Aussparun gen 18 wie diese aufweisen. Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die den Rahmenschenkeln 13 und 16 entsprechenden Rahmenschenkel 33 und 34 länger als bei dem Rahmen 12 der Fig. 1, die kurzen Rahmenschenkel 35 und 36 jedoch etwas kürzer als die entsprechenden Rahmenschenkel 15 und 14. Ein weitere Variiermöglichkeit der Breite der Unterzugschalung ergibt sich dadurch, daß der Schalung noch ein kleiner Rahmen 37 zugeordnet ist, dessen lange Rahmenschenkel 38 und 39 in der Länge der der kurzen Rahmenschenkel 35 und 36 des Rahmens 40 entspricht. Die Rahmenschenkel 38 und 39 weisen die gleichen Aussparungen 18 auf wie die Rahmenschenkel 35 und 38 und die Beilagestücke 32, sie sind auch im gleichen Abstand voneinander angeord net. Die kurzen Rahmenschenkel 41 und 42 des kleinen Rahmens 37 tragen keine Aussparungen 18. Der kleine Rahmen 37 wird in der Regel nur hochgestellt verwendet. Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform wird die erforderliche Breite der Unterzugschalung dadurch erreicht, daß der kleine Rahmen 37 hochgestellt, der große Rahmen 40 quergestellt und zusammen mit dem Beilagenstück 32 nebeneinander angeordnet und befestigt werden, mit Bolzen 20, 21 oder 22 untereinan der sowie an den Rahmenschenkeln 38 -dieser zusammen mit dem Beilagenstück 32 und 39 mit den Schenkeln 4 der Seitenschalelemente 2 beziehungszweise 1. Bei noch breiteren Unterzugschalungen kann eine Beilage 32 zwischen den Rahmen 40 und 37 und eine weitere Beilage 32 zwischen den Rahmen 37 und das Seitenschalelement 1 eingefügt werden.In Fig. 1 the distance between the two lateral formwork 6 of the beam is determined by the long frame legs 13 and 16. If the girder is narrower, the frame 12 is fixed upright between the two side formwork elements 1 and 2, so that the frame legs 13 and 16 run parallel to the support legs 4 and, depending on the height of the girder, the leg 14 or the leg 15 runs above and which then wears narrower formlining 17. If you want to form wider beams, you can insert insert pieces 32 between the frame 12 and the adjacent side formwork element 1 and 2, which have approximately the same width and thickness dimensions as the frame legs 14 Aussparun conditions 18 such as these. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the frame legs 33 and 34 corresponding to the frame legs 13 and 16 are longer than in the frame 12 of FIG. 1, but the short frame legs 35 and 36 are somewhat shorter than the corresponding frame legs 15 and 14. Another possibility of varying the width of the girder formwork results from the fact that the formwork is also assigned a small frame 37, the long frame legs 38 and 39 of which correspond in length to that of the short frame legs 35 and 36 of the frame 40. The frame legs 38 and 39 have the same recesses 18 as the frame legs 35 and 38 and the shims 32, they are also net angeord at the same distance from each other. The short frame legs 41 and 42 of the small frame 37 do not have any cutouts 18. The small frame 37 is generally only used in a raised position. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the required width of the girder formwork is achieved in that the small frame 37 is raised, the large frame 40 is placed transversely and arranged and fastened together with the insert piece 32, with bolts 20, 21 or 22 one below the other as well as on the frame legs 38 -these together with the insert piece 32 and 39 with the legs 4 of the side formwork elements 2 or 1. In the case of even broader beam formwork, an insert 32 between the frames 40 and 37 and a further insert 32 between the frame 37 and the side formwork element 1 can be inserted.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Seitenschalelement 2 tiefer gesetzt als das Seitenschalelemet 1. In diesem Fall kann entweder in den Trägerschenkel 4 eine zusätzliche Aussparung 43 gebohrt werden oder aber wird das Seitenschalelement an dem Rahmen schenkel 36 über die Beilage 32 mit Hilfe einer der bereits vorhandenen Bohrung 19 befestigt, wenn sie mit entsprechenden Aussparungen 18 in der Beilage 32 und dem Rahmenschen kel 36 fluchtet.In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the side shutter element 2 is set lower than the side shutter element 1. In this case, an additional recess 43 can either be drilled in the support leg 4 or else the side shutter element is attached to the frame leg 36 via the insert 32 attached with the help of one of the already existing bore 19 when it is aligned with corresponding recesses 18 in the insert 32 and the frame member 36.

Bei Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann beispielsweise der Rahmen 12 55 cm lang und 40 cm hoch sein, die Beilagen 32 können 5 cm breit sein, sie können in zwei verschieden langen Ausführungen der Systemschalung zugeordnet sein, die eine Länge entspricht der kurzen Seite der Rahmen 12, 40, die andere Länge der Beilage 32 entspricht der langen Seite der Rahmen 12, 40. Der kleine Rahmen 37 kann 25 cm breit und 40 cm hoch sein. Mit den drei Elementen 32, 37 und 40 lassen sich alle gängigen Breiten der Unterzüge schalen.In embodiments of the invention, for example, the frame 12 can be 55 cm long and 40 cm high, the inserts 32 can be 5 cm wide, they can be assigned to the system formwork in two different lengths, the length corresponding to the short side of the frame 12, 40, the other length of the insert 32 corresponds to the long side of the frame 12, 40. The small frame 37 can be 25 cm wide and 40 cm high. With the three elements 32, 37 and 40, all common widths of the beams can be shelled.

Bei der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Unterschalelement durch einen längs des Unterzuges verlaufenden Längsträger 46, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich unterstützt, der aus einem Kantholz bestehen kann. Der Längsträger 46 stützt sich über eine Stütze 47 am Boden ab. Er greift unmittelbar unter dem oberen, die Schalhaut 17 tragenden Rahmenschenkel 34 an, also so nahe wie möglich an der beim Betonieren auf der Schalhaut 17 aufliegenden Last.In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the bottom formwork element is optionally additionally supported by a longitudinal beam 46 running along the beam, which may consist of a square timber. The longitudinal beam 46 is supported on the floor by a support 47. It engages directly under the upper frame leg 34, which supports the formlining 17, that is, as close as possible to the load resting on the formlining 17 during concreting.

Um wahlweise die parallel zur Ebene der Schalhaut 6 verlaufenden senkrechten Rahmenschenkel 39 oder 38 zusammen mit dem Futter 10 entweder unmittelbar an dem Schenkel 4 befestigen zu können oder aber unter Einfügung einer Beilage 32, weisen die Flachbolzen 21 und 22 an demjenigen Ende, an dem ein Keil 23 oder 50 eingeschlagen werden soll, zwei Aussparungen 48 und 49 in einem Abstand von einander auf, der der Dicke der Beilage 32 entspricht. Ohne Beilage wird der Keil 23 bzw. 50 in die Aussparung 48 eingeschlagen; ist jedoch eine Beilage dazwischen eingefügt, so wird der Keil 23 bzw. 50 in die Aussparung 49 eingeschlagen.In order to be able either to fix the vertical frame legs 39 or 38 running parallel to the level of the formlining 6 together with the lining 10 either directly to the leg 4 or by inserting an insert 32, the flat bolts 21 and 22 have at the end at which one Wedge 23 or 50 is to be driven in, two recesses 48 and 49 at a distance from one another which corresponds to the thickness of the insert 32. Without an insert, the wedge 23 or 50 is driven into the recess 48; however, if an insert is inserted between them, the wedge 23 or 50 is driven into the recess 49.

Die Keile 21 und 22 weisen an ihrem den Aussparungen 48, 49 abgewandten Ende einen Kopf auf, der entweder aus einer aufgeschweißten Platte 51 oder aus einem angeschmiedeten Kopf 52 besteht.The wedges 21 and 22 have at their end facing away from the cutouts 48, 49 a head which consists either of a welded-on plate 51 or of a forged head 52.

Die Befestigung zwischen dem Unterschalelement 3 und den Seitenschalelementen 1 und 2 ist im allgemeinen lösbar, so daß die Seitenschalelemente 1 und 2 oder das Unterschalelement 3 unabhängig von den anderen Elementen beim Ausschalen abgenommen werden können. Ist jedoch erwünscht, daß die Elemente 1, 2, 3 der Unterzugschalung mehrere Einsätze hintereinander miteinander verbunden bleiben, so weist der Keil 23 bzw. 50 an seinem Ende mit kleinem Querschnitt einen quer verlaufenden Sicherungsstift 53 auf, der verhindert, daß der Keil 23, 50 aus den Aussparungen 48 bzw. 49 vollständig herausgenommen werden kann. Dem gleichen Zweck dient ein als Kopf 54 verrößerter Querschnitt des Keils 50.The attachment between the bottom formwork element 3 and the side formwork elements 1 and 2 is generally releasable, so that the side formwork elements 1 and 2 or the bottom formwork element 3 can be removed independently of the other elements when stripping. If, however, it is desired that the elements 1, 2, 3 of the girder formwork remain connected to one another in succession, the wedge 23 or 50 has at its end with a small cross section a transverse securing pin 53 which prevents the wedge 23, 50 can be completely removed from the recesses 48 or 49. A cross section of the wedge 50 enlarged as the head 54 serves the same purpose.

Um beim Ausschalen ein Ausschalspiel zu gewinnen, ohne daß der Verbund der Elemente 1 2, 3 vollständig gelöst wird, weist bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Ausführungsform der Bolzen 20 an seinem dem Bolzenkopf 55 abgewandten Ende einen Abschnitt 56 mit einem Querschnitt auf, der kleiner ist als der Querschnitt des dem Bolzenkopf 55 benachbarten Abschnittes 57. Die beiden Abschnitte 58 und 57 sind durch einen konischen Abschnitt 84 miteinander verbunden. Die Ausspa rungen 18 in den beiden parallel zueinander und zu der Ebene der Schalhaut 8 verlaufenden Wänden 58 und 59 des einen hohlen Rechteckquerschnitt aufweisenden Rahmenschenkels 15 und die Aussparungen 19 in den entsprechenden Wänden 60 und 61 des Trägerschenkels 4 sind gleich ausgebildet. Der Abschnitt 57 mit dem größeren Durchmesser ist jedoch so lang, daß er bei eingestecktem Bolzen den Träger 4, eine größere Aussparung 83 in der Auflage 10 und die Bohrung in der Wand 59 durchsetzt. Erst dann verjüngt sich der Bolzen 20 auf den Querschnitt des Abschnittes 56, der jedoch nicht an den Rändern der Aussparung 18 der Wand 58 des Hohlprofils anliegt. Soll die Schalung ausgeschalt werden, so wird nach Lösen des Keiles 23 der Bolzen 20 so weit zurückgeschlagen, daß der einen geringeren Querschnitt aufweisende Abschnitt 56 des Bolzens in den Bereich der Aussparung 18 der der Auflage 10 und dem Trägerschenkel 4 benachbarten Wand 59 des Hohlprofils gelangt so daß der obere Rand der Aussparung 18 in der Wand 59, der bisher auf dem Abschnitt 57 des Bolzens aufgelegen hat, seine Unterstützung verliert und der Rahmenschenkel 15 nach unten gleiten kann, bis die oberen Ränder der Aussparungen 18 in den Wänden 58 und 59 auf dem einen geringeren Querschnitt aufweisenden Abschnitt 56 des Bolzens 20 zur Anlage kommen. Da gleichzeitig der Bolzen 20 ein Stück weit zurückbewegt worden ist, ergibt sich hierdurch ein Ausschalspiel sowohl zwischen der Schalhaut 6 und den Seitenflächen des Unterzuges als auch zwischen der Schalhaut 17 und der Unterfläche des Unterzuges.In order to win a formwork game when striking, without the connection of the elements 1 2, 3 being completely released, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the bolt 20 has a section 56 with a cross section at its end facing away from the bolt head 55 is smaller than the cross section of the section 57 adjacent to the bolt head 55. The two sections 58 and 57 are connected to one another by a conical section 84. The recesses 18 in the two parallel to each other and to the plane of the formwork 8 walls 58 and 59 of the hollow rectangular cross-section frame leg 15 and the recesses 19 in the corresponding walls 60 and 61 of the support leg 4 are of identical design. The section 57 with the larger diameter is so long, however, that it penetrates the carrier 4, a larger cutout 83 in the support 10 and the bore in the wall 59 when the bolt is inserted. Only then does the bolt 20 taper to the cross section of section 56 but does not abut the edges of the recess 18 of the wall 58 of the hollow profile. If the formwork is to be removed, after loosening the wedge 23, the bolt 20 is pushed back so far that the portion 56 of the bolt with a smaller cross section reaches the area of the recess 18 of the wall 59 of the hollow profile adjacent to the support 10 and the support leg 4 so that the upper edge of the recess 18 in the wall 59, which has hitherto rested on the section 57 of the bolt, loses its support and the frame leg 15 can slide down until the upper edges of the recesses 18 in the walls 58 and 59 the section 56 of the bolt 20 which has a smaller cross section comes to rest. Since at the same time the bolt 20 has been moved back a little, this results in a stripping play both between the formlining 6 and the side surfaces of the beam and between the formlining 17 and the bottom surface of the beam.

Bei der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausfühungsform eines Flachbolzens 21 folgt auf einen dem Bolzenkopf 51 benachbarten Abschnitt 84 ein Abschnitt 65 mit geringerer Höhe. Die Funktion der Abschnitte 84 und 65 des Bolzens 21 (Fig. 5) entspricht der Funktion der Abschnitte 57 und 56 des Bol zens 20.In the embodiment of a flat bolt 21 shown in FIG. 5, a section 65 with a lower height follows a section 84 adjacent to the bolt head 51. The function of the sections 84 and 65 of the bolt 21 (FIG. 5) corresponds to the function of the sections 57 and 56 of the bolt 20.

Die Seitenschalelemente 1, 2 können je nach Bedarf zwei oder vier Träger 4, 5 aufweisen. Bei der im Schaubild Fig. 8 dargestellten Ausführungsform bildet das Futter 10 nicht nur wie im Vorhergehenden beschrieben, einen auf den benach barten Trägerschenkel 4 befestigten Streifen 10, dessen Breite die Breite des Trägerschenkels 4 nicht überschreitet, sondern erstreckt sich über die ganze Länge des Seitenschal elementes 1 bzw. 2. In diesem Falle ist das Futter 10, das die gleiche Dicke wie die Schalhaut 6 aufweist, aus einem Werkstoff hergestellt, der preisgünstiger und nicht so widerstandsfähig wie der Werkstoff der Schalhaut 6 ist.The side formwork elements 1, 2 can have two or four supports 4, 5 as required. In the embodiment shown in the diagram in Fig. 8, the lining 10 not only forms, as described above, a strip 10 fastened to the adjacent carrier leg 4, the width of which does not exceed the width of the carrier leg 4, but extends over the entire length of the side scarf element 1 or 2. In this case, the lining 10, which has the same thickness as the formlining 6, made of a material that is cheaper and not as resistant as the material of the formwork 6.

Claims (16)

1. System formwork for a concrete floor having a sleeper, with lateral formwork elements (1,2) for the side surfaces and with lower formwork elements (3) for the lower surface of the sleeper whilst a lateral formwork element (1,2) and a lower formwork element (3) each comprise at least one carrier (14 or 12, 37, 40) for the formwork skin (6 or 12) and the carrier (12,37,40) of the lower formwork element (3) is arranged between the planes of the opposing formwork skins (6) of the lateral formwork elements (1,2) characterised in that the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) is constructed as a closed integral rectangular frame with the plane of the frame at right angles to the sleeper axis.
2. Formwork as claimed in claim I characterised in that the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) is constructed as a rectangular frame with sides of different lengths.
3. Formwork as claimed in claim 1 or 2 characterised in that the carriers (4) of the lateral formwork (1,2) are extended beyond the lower edge of the formwork skin (6) of the lateral formwork elements.
4. Formwork as claimed in claim 3 characterised in that the formwork skin (6) of the lateral formwork elements is also arranged in the region of the extensions of the carriers (4) of the lateral formwork (1,2) preferably in the region of the fixing means (18,19,20,24) between the lateral and lower formwork elements.
5. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that all the frame legs (13 to 16 and 33 to 36) of the carriers (12,37,40) of the lower formwork elements (3) have rows of holes (consisting of recesses 18) for fixing the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) to the carriers (4) of the lateral formwork (1,2) and in that rows of holes with the spacing between the holes different from those of the rows of holes in the cürriers (12 or 37) of the lower formwork elements (3) are provided in the extensions of the carriers (4) of the lateral formwork elements (1,2).
6. Formwork as claimed in claim 5 characterised in that, in the frame legs (13 to 16 33 to 36), the spacing of the individual row of holes from one end of the leg is greater than the spacing of this row of holes from the other end of the leg of the frame.
7. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the frame of the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork elements (3) is filled by a panel.
8. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (30) is releasably connected to the carriers (4) of the lateral formwork elements (1,2).
9. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a bolt (20,21) used to secure the carriers (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) to the carrier (4) of the lateral formwork element (1,2) has a smaller diameter at its front end and in that the bolt can be pulled out of the recesses (18,19) through which it passes, at least sufficiently to enable one of the two connected parts (frame 12 or 37 or 40 or carrier 4) to move downwardly by the cross- sectional difference of the bolt (20,21).
10. Formwork as claimed in claim 5 characterised in that the spacing of the row of holes from the end of the leg is equal to the minimum height (28) provided between the tensile force (27) and the compressive force (26) in the static calculation to absorb the torque produced by the stress.
11. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that associated with the formwork, there are spacers (32) which can be inserted between the vertically extending legs of the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) and the lateral formwork element (1 or 2).
12. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that associated with the formwork, there is a second carrier (37) for the lower formwork element (3) which is constructed as a rectangular frame with sides of different lengths, the long side (38) of which corresponds to the dimension of the short side (35) of a first rectangular frameshaped carrier (12 or 40) of the lower formwork element.
13. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, secured to the lateral surfaces of the carriers (4) of the lateral formwork elements, there are stops (29) which engage over the joint between these and the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element and act on the lateral surfaces of the lateral frame legs (14,15) of the carrier (12) of the lower formwork element.
14. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in order to secure the carrier (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element (3) to the lateral formwork elements (1,2), non-circular recesses and correspondingly non-circular bolts (21,22) are provided both in the lateral formwork elements and also in the carrier of the lower formwork element.
15. Formwork as claimed in one of claims 5, or 10 characterised in that the recesses (18) and (19) of the rows of holes for receiving the fixing means extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the sleeper.
16. Formwork as claimed in one of the preceding claims with the exception of claim 2 characterised in that the carriers (12 or 37 or 40) of the lower formwork element are constructed as rectangular frames with sides of equal length.
EP83100674A 1982-02-03 1983-01-26 System shuttering for a concrete ceiling presenting a bearer beam Expired EP0086978B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83100674T ATE17514T1 (en) 1982-02-03 1983-01-26 SYSTEM FORMWORK FOR A CONCRETE CEILING WITH A BEARING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3203584 1982-02-03
DE3203584A DE3203584C2 (en) 1982-02-03 1982-02-03 Formwork for a concrete ceiling with a joist

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0086978A1 EP0086978A1 (en) 1983-08-31
EP0086978B1 true EP0086978B1 (en) 1986-01-15

Family

ID=6154658

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83100674A Expired EP0086978B1 (en) 1982-02-03 1983-01-26 System shuttering for a concrete ceiling presenting a bearer beam

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0086978B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE17514T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3203584C2 (en)
ES (1) ES519474A0 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR910100172A (en) * 1991-04-22 1993-03-16 Dionysios Fotopoulos Mould floorcolumn of concrete beam with fluctuating height and width dimensions by shifting the plates connecting the planks

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US980480A (en) * 1908-12-17 1911-01-03 Calvin Tomkins Method for the construction of buildings.

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB541242A (en) * 1940-05-15 1941-11-19 Ernest Roland Hole Improvements relating to reinforced-concrete structures
DE1739718U (en) * 1956-10-03 1957-02-14 Johannes Schneider DEVICE FOR STRUCTURING CEILING BEAMS.
FR1408912A (en) * 1964-07-09 1965-08-20 Beam formwork
FR93976E (en) * 1967-10-18 1969-06-13 Edmond Bourge Formwork for beams.
DE1812837A1 (en) * 1968-12-05 1970-06-18 Standard Elek K Lorenz Ag Circuit arrangement for testing a line of a telecommunication system, in particular a telephone system
DE3140142C2 (en) * 1980-10-10 1989-12-14 Peri-Werk Artur Schwörer GmbH & Co KG, 7912 Weißenhorn Formwork for concrete ceiling with joist

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US980480A (en) * 1908-12-17 1911-01-03 Calvin Tomkins Method for the construction of buildings.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0086978A1 (en) 1983-08-31
DE3203584A1 (en) 1983-08-11
ES8401173A1 (en) 1983-11-16
DE3203584C2 (en) 1985-06-20
ATE17514T1 (en) 1986-02-15
ES519474A0 (en) 1983-11-16

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