EP0085462B1 - Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Deckel für Lichtbogenöfen - Google Patents

Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Deckel für Lichtbogenöfen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0085462B1
EP0085462B1 EP83200126A EP83200126A EP0085462B1 EP 0085462 B1 EP0085462 B1 EP 0085462B1 EP 83200126 A EP83200126 A EP 83200126A EP 83200126 A EP83200126 A EP 83200126A EP 0085462 B1 EP0085462 B1 EP 0085462B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
liquid
distributor channel
orifices
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83200126A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0085462A1 (de
Inventor
Karl Bühler
Karl Oldani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Original Assignee
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of EP0085462A1 publication Critical patent/EP0085462A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0085462B1 publication Critical patent/EP0085462B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/12—Working chambers or casings; Supports therefor
    • F27B3/16—Walls; Roofs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/24—Cooling arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F27D1/1816—Removable covers specially adapted for arc furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric furnace, in particular an arc furnace, with a liquid cooling device for thermally highly stressed components of the furnace cover, with substantially horizontally arranged, with cooling tubes through which liquid flows and which open into a cooling liquid distribution channel on the ceiling!
  • Such a liquid-cooled furnace lid is known from the publication “C l esid; Groupe Creusot-Loire; mecanicx et voutes Colours » undated, known.
  • This consists of essentially slightly curved tube bundles which are arranged radially in parallel and parallel to one another and which extend from the central lid opening to the lid edge. The liquid is supplied through a ring line in the wall of the central lid opening and the liquid is discharged through a ring line in the lid ring.
  • a comparatively thin protective layer made of refractory material is applied in relation to the thickness of a conventional cover of an electric arc furnace, which protects the cooling pipes from heat radiation and on the other hand prevents excessive heat withdrawal from the furnace chamber .
  • Detection systems for cooling system monitoring are complex and expensive. In the event of an error message, the furnace lid would then have to be taken out of operation in order to be able to repair the damaged areas.
  • cooling tubes that face the interior of the furnace and are only covered with a relatively thin protective layer - even though they were annealed with little stress before assembly - are constantly exposed to expansion and contraction forces as a result of strong temperature fluctuations. These forces exert thermal stresses on the cooling pipes, which are transferred to the weld seams that connect the cooling pipes to the cover ring, and under continuous use, cracks can form, which then lead to water breakthrough.
  • the weight of a liquid-cooled lid which consists of cooling tubes lined up next to each other, is high and special precautions are required during transport and when resting on the furnace vessel.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a liquid-cooled furnace cover, in particular for electric arc furnaces, which is simple in construction and economical to manufacture, with which a long service life can be achieved and the construction of which offers security for it, that damage can almost be excluded.
  • the cooling tubes run essentially parallel to one another and approximately perpendicular to the tilting direction and are spaced apart from one another, the cooling tubes are embedded in the refractory building material of the lid and form its reinforcement, and that the cooling liquid is removed and supplied takes place exclusively via the cover ring designed as a coolant channel.
  • part of the cooling channels opens directly into the distribution channel, and another part of the cooling channels is integrally connected within the distribution channel or by deflecting means and is hydraulically separated from the distribution channel.
  • the walls of the cover openings have a plurality of hydraulically separate cooling chambers, into which a further part of the cooling ducts opens, successive pairs of cooling ducts connected within the distribution duct by deflecting means opening into successive cooling chambers of the cover openings.
  • the liquid cooling device comprises a plurality of hydraulically separate cooling circuits, each cooling circuit being formed by a plurality of series-connected, parallel-arranged cooling channel pairs, and the cooling liquid inlet and outlet openings of all cooling circuits opening into the cover ring designed as a distribution channel, and that between the Coolant inlet and outlet openings of each cooling circuit are provided in the bypass openings designed as a distribution channel.
  • the advantage according to claim 3 is that the cooling takes place evenly over the entire surface of the furnace cover and that the cooling liquid which has passed through the cooling channels and is heated in the distribution channel is cooled by the relatively cold cooling liquid which has passed directly through the bypass openings in the distribution channel .
  • the cooling tubes are designed in two layers, the cooling tubes that face the interior of the vessel are formed in one piece, and one end of a part of the cooling tubes opens directly into the distribution channel with its cooling liquid inlet openings and the other part of one end of the cooling tubes opens into inside the deflection means arranged and is hydraulically separated from the distribution channel, and the other end of the cooling tubes is bent into a U-shape and adjoins the outer position of the cooling tubes, part of the outer position of the cooling tubes with the coolant outlet openings directly into the distribution channel and another part of the outer position of the cooling tubes opens into deflection chambers arranged within the distribution channel and is hydraulically separated from the distribution channel.
  • the deflecting means are formed by chambers in the distribution channel, which guide the cooling liquid of two adjacent cooling tubes of a cooling circuit and hydraulically separate it from the cooling liquid in the distribution channel.
  • the distance between the mutually adjacent cooling tubes is approximately twice as large as their outer diameter.
  • the refractory building material can be used as a prefabricated structural unit in the cooling system of the furnace lid. This enables a rational manufacture of the furnace cover.
  • the prefabricated units are mechanically firmly connected to one another by means of a refractory binder, for example silicone rubber. These measures make it easy to securely connect the units.
  • dilatation spaces are provided between the cooling tubes and the surrounding refractory building material.
  • the dilatation spaces are filled with a refractory, compressible agent, for example silicone rubber.
  • the bypass opening (s) in the distribution channel are dimensioned such that, taking into account the hydraulic resistance of the assigned cooling channels, a predeterminable amount of cooling liquid flows through the bypass opening (s), which is smaller than that which flows through the assigned cooling channels, t.
  • the bypass opening (s) in the distribution channel are dimensioned such that, taking into account the hydraulic resistance of the assigned cooling channels, a predeterminable amount of cooling liquid flows through the bypass opening (s) which is the same size or larger than that which flows through the assigned cooling channels.
  • the advantage according to claims 11 and 12 is that the flow rate, flow velocity, etc. of the cooling liquid which is introduced into the cooling channels and the cooling channels themselves can be dimensioned such that when part of the cooling liquid evaporates in the cooling channels, the steam immediately is removed from the cooling system through the assigned bypass opening (s) of each assigned cooling circuit in the cooling liquid distribution chamber, without there being any mutual, negative influence on the cooling effect between cooling liquid and steam.
  • the flow rate of the cooling liquid in the cooling pipes is dimensioned in such a way that no vapor bubbles can settle in the cooling pipes, but rather that they are carried away with the cooling liquid and transported into the distribution channel.
  • the arc furnace 1 with the flat furnace cover 5 is mounted in an opening on the platform 6, which is supported on two roller cradles 7, which in turn are supported on the weighing beams 8, which are firmly anchored to the foundation 9.
  • the pouring spout 2 can also be seen in FIG. 1.
  • a movable rotary console 10 is arranged on the platform 6, to which the cover lifting and swiveling device 11 is fastened.
  • the cover lifting and swiveling device 11 consists of a support arm 13 and a support arm column 2.
  • the platform 6 also carries three electrode positioning columns 14, of which only one is visible in FIG. 1.
  • the electrode adjusting columns 14 are hydraulically connected to be movable individually in the vertical direction with electrode adjusting cylinders 15.
  • the electrode support arms 16 are fastened to the electrode adjusting columns 14 and the electrodes 18 are held in electrode holders 17 at their outer ends.
  • support eyes 22 are attached, in which support cables 23 are fastened in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, of which only two of a total of four are visible.
  • the support cables 23 are guided over rollers 24, which are mounted in roller carriers 25 on the support arm 13.
  • the support cables 23 are connected to the hydraulic cylinder 26, which can lift or lower the furnace cover 5 from the furnace boiler 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the furnace cover in a partial sectional view in a single-layer variant of the cooling tubes. All the parallel and spaced-apart cooling pipes 30 open into the cover ring 4 designed as a coolant distribution channel 27 with the outer 4 'and inner casing 4 ". For reasons of clarity, the refractory building material in which the cooling pipes are embedded was not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the distribution channel 27 is interrupted by an end wall 33 'and is divided into a left and a right distribution channel cooling circuit.
  • a cooling liquid inlet opening 28 is provided for both distribution channel cooling circuits and a connector 29a and is provided on the outer jacket 4' of the cover ring 4 for the left distribution channel cooling circuit to discharge the cooling liquid a nozzle 29b is arranged for the right distribution channel cooling circuit, the direction of flow in both cooling circuits in the distribution channel 27 is represented by the arrows with the reference number 31.
  • the liquid cooling device of the furnace cover 5 comprises a plurality of hydraulically separated cooling circuits stages formed by a plurality of series-connected, parallel arranged cooling channel pairs, a partition wall 33 being provided between the cooling channel inlet openings and the outlet openings of each cooling circuit.
  • the cooling channel inlet openings of all cooling circuits are by arrows with the reference numbers 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55 and the cooling channel outlet openings are also by arrows with the reference numbers 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56 designated.
  • Bypass openings 34 are formed between the partition walls 33 and the outer casing 4 ′ of the cover ring 4, a predetermined amount of the cooling liquid flowing directly through the distribution channel 27 and a predetermined amount of the cooling liquid through the cooling pipes 30, taking into account the hydraulic resistance of the associated cooling pipes 30.
  • Part of the cooling pipes 30 opens directly into the distribution channel 27 and another part of the cooling pipes 30 is connected to one another within the distribution channel 27 by deflection chambers 32 and is hydraulically separated from the distribution channel 27.
  • the lid opening 35 for the electrodes In the lid center there is the lid opening 35 for the electrodes and in the right part the opening for the flue gas discharge 36.
  • cooling chambers 37 and 38 In the walls of the openings 35 and 36 cooling chambers 37 and 38 are provided, into which a further part of the cooling pipes 30 opens.
  • the arrow with the reference number 39 indicates the tilting direction of the furnace when pouring out, and the one with the reference number 40 for skimming. This cooling arrangement ensures that any steam bubbles that may have formed during the pouring process can be completely removed from the cooling system.
  • FIG. 5 A clear representation of the arrangement of the cooling circuits can be seen in FIG. 5. However, the flow path of the cooling liquid and the mode of operation of the cooling system are to be illustrated in FIG. 2 using a cooling circuit.
  • the cooling water enters the cooling tube 30 through the cooling channel inlet opening, which is identified by the arrow with the reference number 41, and enters the cooling chamber 37 of the cover opening. 35, emerges from this again, flows back through the cooling tube 30, is deflected by the deflecting camera 32 and subsequently enters the cooling chamber 38 of the lid opening 36. Nurang circulates the cooling liquid between the cooling chambers 37 and 38, then flows only between the cooling chambers 37 and the deflection chambers 32 in the distribution channel 27 until it finally through the outlet opening, which is indicated by the arrow with the reference numeral 42, in the Distribution channel-27 back.
  • the cooling water has warmed up and now mixes with the comparatively colder liquid which has flowed through the bypass openings 34 directly through the distribution channel 27 and cools the heated liquid.
  • the process is repeated for each cooling circuit. Overheating is avoided and any steam bubbles are removed from the cooling system without delay.
  • FIG. 3 shows a vertical section through the furnace cover 5 according to FIG. 2.
  • the deflection chambers 32 and the cooling chambers 38 of the cover opening 36 can be seen, which are each connected to the cooling channels 30 ′ of the cooling tubes 30.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged section from part of the furnace cover 5 according to FIG. 2.
  • the partition walls 33 according to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 2 and 4 could also be in a different position than shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • Fig. 4 two cooling circuits are adjacent to each other. From the one, the heated cooling water emerges from the cooling pipe 30 according to the arrow with the reference number 32 into the distribution channel 27, mixes there with the relatively colder cooling liquid which has flowed through the bypass opening 34 and which is indicated by the arrow with the reference number 31. The coolant flow then divides into two parts. One part flows according to the direction of the arrow with reference numeral 45 into the adjacent cooling circuit through the cooling pipe 30, while the other part in the distribution channel 27 flows along the deflection chamber 32 through the upper bypass opening 34 shown in FIG. 4. The process just described is constantly repeated and ensures an efficient cooling effect in every cooling circuit of the furnace cover.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of a schematic top view of the furnace cover in a partial sectional view in a two-layer variant of the cooling tubes 30a and 30b. All cooling tubes 30a, 30b, which are arranged in parallel and approximately perpendicular to the tilting direction and are spaced apart from one another, open into the cover ring 4 designed as a coolant distribution channel 27 with the outer 4 'and inner jacket 4 ".
  • the cooling pipes 30a, 30b are formed in two layers, on two levels, the cooling pipes 30a, the position of which faces the interior of the vessel and which are formed in one piece, are bent in a U-shape at their end opposite the distribution channel 27 and adjoin the outer position
  • the cooling tubes 30a, 30b are thus formed in pairs, wherein a plurality of cooling tubes 30a, 30b are connected in series in groups and are divided into a number of cooling circuits over the entire furnace cover 5 as in FIG.
  • Such a cooling circuit is fully illustrated in FIG. 5 and will be explained below.
  • the cooling liquid enters the distribution channel 27 centrally through the inlet opening 28, flows to the left according to the arrow with the reference number 31 and is divided into two partial flows, one 31 'flowing through the cooling channel inlet opening 60 into the lower cooling tube 30a and the other 31 the bypass opening 34 formed by the partition 33 and the outer jacket 4 'of the cover ring 4 flows.
  • the coolant flows back through the upper cooling pipe 30b in the direction of the distribution channel 27, but is hydraulically separated from it by the deflection chamber 32 '.
  • the deflection chamber 32 'leads the cooling liquid to the cooling liquid inlet opening 60' of the subsequent lower cooling pipe 30a and the cycle is repeated until the cooling liquid according to arrow 31 'through the outlet opening 62 again into the distribution channel 27 and mixes there with the partial flow 31 flowing directly through the distribution channel 27 and cools down.
  • the cooling liquid then flows partly through the next cooling circuit and partly directly through the distribution channel 27, in the manner described in more detail above.
  • the U-shaped ends of the cooling pipes 30a, b protruding into the furnace cover 5 are mechanically held in place by fastening cross members 62.
  • the fastening cross members 62 are only indicated schematically in FIG. 5.
  • a cooling channel 37 ' is provided, the cooling liquid supply and supply of which is not shown in FIG. 5.
  • the arrangement of the cooling pipes 30a, b, as shown in FIG. 5, is only an exemplary embodiment and serves to illustrate the two positions of the cooling pipes 30a, b. Another embodiment would be to arrange the cooling pipes 30a, b one above the other and not to offset them laterally, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 shows a vertical section through the furnace cover 5 according to FIG. 5, the lower 30a and upper layer 30b of the cooling tubes being clearly visible. Since the cooling pipes 30a, b form the reinforcement for the refractory building material, not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, they must have sufficient mechanical strength to consistently support the composite cooling pipes and refractory building material in the flat design of the furnace cover 5. For this purpose, fastening cross members 62 are used, which are supported on the cover ring 4 and which are guided along the outer wall of the cooling channel 37 ′ at the cover opening 35. Since they are not part of the direct understanding of the present invention, they are only indicated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the cooling circuit arrangement.
  • the distribution channel 27 is divided into a right and a left part.
  • 4 cooling circuits are connected to each part, namely the circuits with the inlet openings 41, 43, 45 and 47 and the outlet openings 44, 42, 46 and 48 on the left part and the circuits with the inlet openings 49, 51, 53 on the right part , and 55 and the outlet openings 50, 52, 54 and 56, wherein bypass openings 34 are arranged between the inlet and outlet openings of each cooling circuit.
  • Fig. 8 shows a vertical section through the cooling pipes and the refractory building material.
  • dilatation spaces 58 which can be filled, for example, with silicon rubber in order to take into account the expansion of the refractory mass and to avoid damage to the cooling pipes 30.
  • Silicone rubber is fireproof on the one hand and compressible on the other hand and acts as a buffer between the cooling pipes 30 and the refractory building material 58.
  • compressive forces act on the cooling pipes from the refractory mass 58 and deform them elastically. However, this deformation is reversible and has no adverse effect on the durability of the cooling tubes 30 and on the cooling effect.
  • Prefabricated units 5T made of refractory building material 57 are attached to the cooling tubes in different arrangements, the connection points 59 of the prefabricated units 57 'being provided with a refractory binding agent, for example silicone rubber, for mechanical fastening.
  • a refractory binding agent for example silicone rubber

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
EP83200126A 1982-01-29 1983-01-26 Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Deckel für Lichtbogenöfen Expired EP0085462B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH55382 1982-01-29
CH553/82 1982-01-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0085462A1 EP0085462A1 (de) 1983-08-10
EP0085462B1 true EP0085462B1 (de) 1985-08-07

Family

ID=4189656

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83200126A Expired EP0085462B1 (de) 1982-01-29 1983-01-26 Flüssigkeitsgekühlter Deckel für Lichtbogenöfen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4443880A (pl)
EP (1) EP0085462B1 (pl)
JP (1) JPS58208581A (pl)
BR (1) BR8300426A (pl)
DE (1) DE3360484D1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IN167337B (pl) * 1985-05-23 1990-10-06 Bera Anstalt
US5058126A (en) * 1989-08-31 1991-10-15 Dosaj Vishu D Silicon carbide beam as refractory in an open-arc furnace
US5289495A (en) * 1992-08-17 1994-02-22 J. T. Cullen Co., Inc. Coolant coils for a smelting furnace roof
DE19545984B4 (de) * 1995-12-09 2005-02-10 Sms Demag Ag Kühlplatte für Schmelzöfen
DE102010041692A1 (de) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Hub- und Schwenkvorrichtung für einen Deckel eines Ofens sowie Ofenanlage und Verfahren zum Chargieren und zur Wartung einer solchen Ofenanlage
CN104457261B (zh) * 2014-12-22 2017-01-18 铜陵求精机械有限公司 一种富氧侧吹炉炉顶进料处钢水套
US10488114B1 (en) * 2015-06-09 2019-11-26 Materion Corporation Fluid-cooled copper lid for arc furnace

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB482143A (en) * 1935-10-16 1938-03-24 Thure Axel Ragnar Strand Improvements in walls for furnaces or other heating apparatus
US2222004A (en) * 1939-08-03 1940-11-19 Latrobe Electric Steel Company Electric furnace roof construction
US3375317A (en) * 1965-03-01 1968-03-26 Harbison Walker Refractories Water-cooled electric furnace roof
US3429973A (en) * 1965-09-02 1969-02-25 Frederick H N Carter Furnace construction
DE2759713C2 (de) * 1977-10-11 1983-10-27 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Gefäßdeckel für einen Metallschmelzofen, insbesondere elektrischen Lichtbogenofen
US4132852A (en) * 1977-12-16 1979-01-02 Andoniev Sergei M Cooled roof of electric furnace
US4273949A (en) * 1979-04-17 1981-06-16 Fried. Krupp Huttenwerke Aktiengesellschaft Arc furnace roof
LU81209A1 (de) * 1979-05-02 1979-09-10 Sidepal Sa Wassergekuehlter deckel fuer industrieoefen
DE2943244C2 (de) * 1979-10-26 1983-01-05 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Gefäßdeckel für einen Metallschmelzofen insbesondere elektrischen Lichtbogenofen
IT1126161B (it) * 1979-11-14 1986-05-14 Impianti Industriali Spa Piastra di raffreddamento per forni elettrici ad arco

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58208581A (ja) 1983-12-05
JPH0222878B2 (pl) 1990-05-22
EP0085462A1 (de) 1983-08-10
BR8300426A (pt) 1983-11-01
DE3360484D1 (en) 1985-09-12
US4443880A (en) 1984-04-17

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