Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
  • Y10T428/31797—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2549—Coating or impregnation is chemically inert or of stated nonreactance
  • Y10T442/2566—Organic solvent resistant [e.g., dry cleaning fluid, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to aqueous plastic dispersions which contain no formaldehyde and no acrylonitrile and do not release these substances when the dispersion or the plastic is heated.
• the invention further relates to its application for solidifying textile fabrics.
• acrylic plastic dispersions are used which contain N-methylolamide groups or formaldehyde condensation resins as crosslinking agents and / or whose plastic content can be partially made up of acrylonitrile.
• These dispersions or the plastics contained therein release - at least when heated - small amounts of formaldehyde or acrylonitrile, which is particularly undesirable if products equipped with them are to be used in the food or clothing sector.
• the content of acrylonitrile or formaldehyde-releasing substances has hitherto been considered indispensable in order to give the products equipped with the dispersions sufficient resistance to chemical cleaning agents.
• a formaldehyde- and acrylonitrile-free acrylate dispersion is known from EP-A 12032, which is suitable for solidifying predominantly hydrophilic fiber structures.
• the plastic part of the dispersion is largely made up of plasticizing monomers, such as higher acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, and the rest of it made up of plasticizing monomers, such as styrene or methyl methacrylate, and from an unsaturated carboxylic acid.
• plasticizing monomers such as higher acrylic or methacrylic acid esters
• plasticizing monomers such as styrene or methyl methacrylate
• Such dispersions have been known for a long time. Textile fabrics equipped with this have the disadvantage that they are not very resistant to the solvents commonly used in chemical cleaning.
• Acrylic or methacrylamide or hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof can also be used as further comonomers to build up the dispersed plastic. This does not lead to a decisive improvement in the resistance to organic solvents.
• the fiber structures solidified with these binders can therefore not be used for purposes in which they come into contact with organic solvents, plasticizers or plastic articles produced therewith.
• Similar binders are proposed in EP-A 12033 for hydrophobic fiber structures; they have the same disadvantages.
• Acrylonitrile and formaldehyde-free acrylic plastic dispersions suitable for solidifying fiber structures should be improved to the extent that the fiber structures solidified therewith have sufficient resistance to the solvents used in chemical cleaning and to plasticizers.
• the properties of such fiber structures which have been produced using conventional, self-crosslinking acrylic resin dispersions can be used as a yardstick for sufficient resistance.
• These dispersions always contain N-methylolamide groups, from which small amounts of formaldehyde can be split off, and in some cases acrylonitrile.
• the task is accomplished by acrylic plastic dispersions with the composition of the plastic specified in the main claim.
• the following table compares the evaluation results that were obtained on textile fabrics that had been solidified with various binders under standardized test conditions.
• One test consists in determining the loss of binders during chemical cleaning with trichlorethylene at 20 ° C.
• the swelling is determined after storage for 4 hours in methyl isobutyl ketone at room temperature. This test leaves sensitivity to plasticizers detect. In both cases, low numerical values are aimed for.
• a conventional self-crosslinking acrylic dispersion and various other acrylic dispersions were used as binders, which are free of acrylonitrile and formaldehyde-releasing substances and which were made from a mixture of higher acrylic and methacrylic esters as well as a hydroxyalkyl ester, an unsaturated carboxylic acid and optionally with acrylamide. It has been shown that the sensitivity of the solidified fiber structures to organic cleaning agents and plasticizers is considerably greater than when using known self-crosslinking acrylic dispersions and leads to results which are practically unusable.
• Test specimens are an impregnated and dried at 80 ° C polyester fabric with a binder layer of 50 wt .-% in the determination of the binder loss and in the determination of the methyl isobutyl ketone absorption polymer films of 30 x 30 mm in size and 0.5 mm in thickness, which by drying the dispersion at 35 ° C.
• the resistance to organic cleaning agents and plasticizers is significantly increased if small amounts of a multifunctional crosslinking agent are involved in the build-up of the binder.
• a multifunctional crosslinking agent in principle, it is of course known that the resistance of a binder to organic solvents and plasticizers can be improved by crosslinking.
• crosslinking affects film formation, it has previously been considered essential to bring about crosslinking, for example by means of N-methylolamide groups, only after film formation when heated.
• the plastics according to the invention are therefore only crosslinked to such a small extent that perfect film formation is possible. It was not to be expected that such a low level of crosslinking could have a lasting effect on the resistance to organic solvents and plasticizers.
• the increased resistance is not based solely on the crosslinking, but rather on a synergistic interaction of the crosslinking agent with the amide groups and hydroxyalkyl ester groups. It is not known how this synergism comes about, but it turns out that each of the three components mentioned is indispensable for the high durability achieved.
• the new dispersions can be used successfully wherever previously self-crosslinking acrylic plastic dispersions were used with N-methylolamide groups.
• the consolidation of textile fabrics is a preferred area of application.
• the predominant structural component a) consists of the acrylic or methacrylic esters characterized in the main claim, some, but generally not more than half, of which can be replaced by styrene.
• acrylic and methacrylic acid alkyl esters those with at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical are particularly preferred, in particular n-butyl acrylate and methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
• High proportions of these esters ensure a low minimum film formation temperature (according to DIN 53787) and a low dynamic freezing temperature (according to DIN 53445).
• the minimum film formation temperature of the dispersion is preferably below 70 ° C. and the dynamic freezing temperature of the films produced therefrom is preferably below 40 ° C.
• Esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid can be used as the hydroxyalkyl ester component b). They contain at least 2 and generally not more than 12, preferably at most 4 carbon atoms in the hydroxyalkyl radical.
• Preferred monomers of this type are hydroxyethyl acrylate and methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and methacrylate and 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate and methacrylate.
• the preferred proportion of component b) in the copolymer is 3 to 15% by weight.
• Acrylic and / or methacrylamide are used in an amount of 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 6% by weight.
• Crosslinking comonomers d) with at least two polymerizable carbon double bonds can be compounds which contain double bonds of the same or different reactivity.
• the former are acrylic and methacrylic esters of glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol; Methylene bis-acrylamide and methacrylamide, divinylbenzene, diallyl phthalate and triallyl cyanurate.
• Crosslinking monomers with different reactivity of the double bonds are, for example, vinyl methacrylate, allyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate.
• the amount of the crosslinking comonomer depends on its crosslinking activity, which depends on the reactivity of the double bonds and on the molecular weight of the monomer. With proportions below 0.05% by weight, calculated on the weight of the copolymer, the desired improvement in solvent resistance is generally not achieved to a sufficient extent. If the proportion exceeds 3% by weight, film formation can be disturbed. Within the range of 0.5 to 3% by weight, the solvent resistance of the films increases with increasing crosslinking and is appropriately chosen so high that the film formation is just not affected.
• the preferred level of crosslinking monomers is 0.1 to 1% by weight.
• Unsaturated carboxylic acids do not necessarily have to be involved in the structure of the copolymer, but a proportion of up to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer, can improve the stability of the dispersion. Fractions of 0.5 to 3% by weight are usually sufficient for this.
• Acrylic or methacrylic acid is preferably used.
• Other usable unsaturated polymerizable mono- or dicarboxylic acids are crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
• N-vinylimidazole or of dialkylaminoalkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid or of their salts are examples of further comonomers which can be used for other purposes.
• further comonomers which can be used for other purposes are N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl acetate and other vinyl esters, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, butadiene, ethylene and propylene.
• the dispersions according to the invention can be produced by the known processes of emulsion polymerization in the presence of the anionic, nonionic or cationic emulsifiers and water-soluble free-radical initiators commonly used.
• Anionic emulsifiers or combinations of anionic and nonionic emulsifiers are preferably used.
• the average particle diameter (weight average) can be between 20 and 2000 nm and is preferably 100 to 500 nm.
• the solids content is preferably between 50 and 70% of the total weight.
• the preferred field of application for the dispersions according to the invention is the solidification of textile fabrics. These include nonwovens, wadding, fabrics and knitted fabrics made from natural or synthetic fibers or their mixtures. Quantities of, for example, 1 to more than 100% by weight of plastic, based on the weight of the fiber, can be used for consolidation. 10 to 30% by weight are preferably used for nonwoven bonding.
• the method of introduction depends in a known manner on the nature of the fiber structure and the amount of dispersion to be applied.
• the usual application methods such as spraying, impregnation, splashing, knife coating, can be used in a known manner.
• the treated fiber material should be dried at temperatures above 100 ° C., preferably in the range from 120 to 160 ° C.
• BTV denotes the binder loss (in% by weight, based on binder weight) of a polyester fabric consolidated with 50% by weight (based on fiber weight) of binder Treatment with trichlorethylene in a laboratory washing machine.
• MIBK absorption denotes the swelling after storage for 4 hours in methyl isobutyl ketone at 20 ° C., measured in% by weight, based on the binder weight.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
• Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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ID=6153740

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (7)

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• 1982
  • 1982-01-23 DE DE19823202093 patent/DE3202093A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1983
  • 1983-01-05 US US06/455,660 patent/US4455342A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1983-01-13 EP EP19830100223 patent/EP0084809B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1983-01-13 DE DE8383100223T patent/DE3379793D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-01-21 JP JP58007512A patent/JPS58127715A/ja active Pending

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