EP0083276A1 - Panel for the modular construction of a building, particularly of a private dwelling - Google Patents

Abstract

Panel comprising a framework (2) made from sectional steel components each having a web flanked by two legs and forming the uprights and crosspieces of this framework, characterised in that the uprights (5a to 5d, 7a to 7d) and the crosspieces (6a to 6c) of the framework (2) are respectively arranged alternately in three vertical layers (4a, 4b, 4c) of the framework (2), being assembled by their adjacent legs. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to the modular construction of buildings, in particular individual houses and it relates, more particularly, to a construction panel for such buildings, comprising a framework made from elongated irons each having a core flanked by two wings and forming the uprights and crosspieces of this frame.

Such a panel is known from Australian Patent No. 132,694. In this case, the frame takes the form of a rectangular frame whose sides are defined by the webs of four profiles, the wings of these defining respectively the faces of the frame and receiving the interior and exterior facings of the panel. In addition, the uprights of the chassis are braced by horizontally oriented Z-profiles, while plates of insulation material are inserted between the wings of the uprights and these Z-profiles.

The panel conforming to the proposal of this Australian patent has essentially two drawbacks.

The first results from the fact that the frames of the adjacent panels must ensure the rigidity of the construction and it is therefore necessary to choose for the profiles which compose them a significant thickness of metal.

The other drawback results from the poor insulation coefficient that this panel presents. Although we had the concern to increase this coefficient by placing in the chassis of the insulation plates, there remain thermal bridges of a considerable extent between the inner face and the outer face of each panel, these bridges being formed not only by the entire length of the webs on the sides of the chassis, but also by the Z-sections which are attached by their ends to the front face and to the rear face of the uprights.

The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and to provide a panel of the type indicated above having satisfactory rigidity while being constructed from thin profiles, and also a very good insulation coefficient.

It therefore relates to such a panel which is characterized in that the uprights and the cross members of the frame are respectively arranged alternately in three vertical layers of the frame being assembled by their adjacent wings.

A panel constructed in this way presents thermal bridges only at the points where the adjacent wings of the profiles are assembled, these points being of a comparatively extremely small extent. Furthermore, the rigidity of the panel in the vertical direction can be ensured by double uprights, if according to another characteristic of the invention, the outer layers of the panel include the uprights and the intermediate layer the crosspieces.

The profiles may have different sections provided that they have a core oriented perpendicularly to the general plane of the panel and two wings on either side of this core. However, according to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, each section making up the frame has a U-shaped section, the dimensions of this section being identical for all of the sections.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention aimed at increasing the insulation coefficient of the panel, an insulation plate is provided in at least one of the layers of the framework. However, preferably, such a plate is provided in each of the layers of this framework, which opposes the transfer of heat between the two faces of the panel a thickness of triple insulation.

The panel comprises, in a manner known per se, facings on these two faces. In the case where the panel is more specifically intended to form an element of an exterior wall of a building, it is provided according to another characteristic of the invention, to provide the face of the panel intended to be turned towards the exterior , bracing elements fixed on the wings of the profiles defining this face, elements on which is fixed in turn the outer facing. Thus, this facing delimits with the framework a free volume in which air can circulate freely which can, by exposure to solar radiation, be loaded with calories and thus serve as heat exchange fluid for a heating installation. central or domestic hot water.

• - la Fig. 1 montre une vue en perspective avec arrachements partiels d'un panneau de construction suivant l'invention;
• - la Fig. 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale partielle du panneau de la Fig. 1;
• - la Fig. 3 montre une vue en perspective de différents panneaux de construction placés à des niveaux superposés, ainsi que leur connexion à une ossature de plancher, les panneaux étant représentés dépourvus de leur garniture;
• - la Fig. 4 représente une vue en perspective partielle de la rive du plancher de la Fig. 3, qui n'est pas visible sur cette dernière Fig., afin d'illustrer notamment des dispositifs d'assemblage rapide;
• - la Fig. 5 est une vue en perspective et à plus grande échelle d'un tel dispositif d'assemblage, la vue étant prise dans la zone entourée par un trait mixte sur la Fig. 3;
• - la Fig. 6 est une vue en perspective d'un élément d'angle composé de deux panneaux suivant l'invention situés à un angle d'un bâtiment;
• - la Fig. 7 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de jonction composé de deux panneaux placés à angle droit pour raccorder entre eux un mur extérieur et une cloison intérieure, par exemple.

The invention is set out below in more detail with the aid of the drawings representing only one embodiment:

• - Fig. 1 shows a perspective view with partial cutaway of a building panel according to the invention;
• - Fig. 2 is a partial horizontal sectional view of the panel of FIG. 1;
• - Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of various construction panels placed at superimposed levels, as well as their connection to a floor frame, the panels being shown devoid of their trim;
• - Fig. 4 shows a partial perspective view of the edge of the floor of FIG. 3, which is not visible in the latter Fig., In order to illustrate in particular quick assembly devices;
• - Fig. 5 is a perspective view on a larger scale of such an assembly device, the view being taken in the area surrounded by a line mixed in Fig. 3;
• - Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a corner element composed of two panels according to the invention located at a corner of a building;
• - Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a junction element composed of two panels placed at right angles to connect an exterior wall and an interior partition, for example.

Figs. 1 and 2 show the preferred embodiment of the panel according to the invention. This panel 1 comprises a framework 2 delimiting three juxtaposed vertical cells 3a, 3b and 3c. The framework 2 has three main layers 4a, 4b and 4c extending parallel to its general plane. In each of these layers are arranged profiles which make up the framework to which they impart its rigidity. All profiles are made from U-section irons of uniform dimensions throughout the frame.

The layer 4a is defined by four uprights 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d, the edge uprights 5a and 5d having their core facing outwards. The outer wings define the face of the framework which is intended to face the outside of the building.

The layer 4b is defined by three horizontal crosspieces 6a, 6b and 6c, the wings of the edge crosspieces 6a and 6c being turned outwards. It will be noted that the lower cross member 6c does not extend along the lower edge of the panel, but that it is slightly distant from it by a distance d for reasons which will be explained below.

Layer 4c is defined, in turn, by uprights 7a to 7d arranged in the same way as those of layer 4a. Their outer wings define the face of the framework 2 intended to be turned towards the interior of the building.

It can therefore be seen that the uprights 5a to 5d and 7a to 7d as well as the crosspieces 6a, 6b and 6c are respectively arranged alternately in the layers 4a, 4b and 4c, their mutual arrangement being perpendicular in the embodiment shown. In other words, the uprights are all arranged perpendicular to the sleepers.

The assembly of the profiles is carried out exclusively at their ends by means of the adjacent wings which are preferably welded together, the assembly points being indicated by the reference 8. It is therefore only at these points of assembly that thermal bridges can be formed between the two faces of the framework 2.

It is also found that it has considerable vertical rigidity thanks to the double uprights which each time form the edges of the cells 3a, 3b and 3c, each pair of uprights being braced with the neighboring pair thanks to three crosspieces. Of course, this arrangement of the profiles is in no way limiting, any other arrangement that may be provided within the framework of the invention, depending on the rigidity requirements, in particular. Other arrangements can also be envisaged, if the panel must include a door, window or similar passage.

Each layer 4a, 4b and 4c also has several plates or strips 9 of an insulating material, known per se, such as sheets of expanded plastic, strips of glass wool or rock wool, or the like. . These plates or strips are slid between the profiles and held either by gluing or by mechanical fixing. Preferably, the strips or plates are arranged crossed in the adjacent layers 4a, 4b and 4c, as shown clearly in FIG. 2.

Frame 2 is coated on each of its faces of a facing, namely an internal facing 1OI and an external facing 10E. The inner facing 101 is fixed to the metal frame with the interposition of a strip of cork 11, for example by self-drilling and tapping screws. The outer facing 10R is fixed on vertical slats 12 fixed in turn on the corresponding outer wings of the uprights 5a to 5d, for example by self-drilling and tapping screws. A seal 12A can be interposed between the adjacent panels. There is thus an air volume 13 in each of the cells 3a, 3b and 3c in which the air can freely circulate in the vertical direction. The slats 12 are intended to form both bracing elements and thermal break elements.

Note that the panel which has just been described is in one piece and can therefore be prefabricated in the factory. The width of cells 3a, 3b, 3c preferably defines a module m of a modular construction with which the building can be erected.

Fig. 3 shows the junction between two panels 1A and 1B according to the invention, superimposed to form a section of a building wall, these panels being as-sembled to a floor 14 separating two levels of the building. This floor 14 is composed of beams 15 formed by profiles with a C section, the height of which is equal to the distance d (FIG. 1) separating the lower crosspieces 6c of the panels 1 from their lower edge. The distance between the beams 15 is chosen, preferably equal to the module m of the modular construction and they are braced by beams 16 which can have the same section as the profiles of the panels 1 and which are spaced from one another by distance also corresponding to the module m of the modular construction.

Fig.4 shows ccnment the floor 14 can be connected by its edges parallel to the beams 15, the panels 1C constituting the wall of buildings at this location. We see that the beams 16 are provided with hooking lugs 17 at their ends.

Referring again to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the upper cross member 6a of each panel comprises assembly punctures 18 made in the core of the profile which constitutes it by projecting upwards. These punctures 18 are spaced from each other by a distance equal to the module m and are located midway between the vertical edges of the respective cells 3a, 3b and 3c. Likewise (but this is not visible in FIG. 1) the lower cross-member 6c can be provided with such punctures, these extending downwards.

The punctures thus formed in the upper and lower crosspieces 6a and 6c of each panel form part of a keying device 19 (FIG. 5) composed each time of a puncture 18 and of a rectangular opening 20 formed in the element to join the panel at this location (here a beam 15, of Fig.3, for example). Each keying device 19 also includes a key 21 which is locked in the hole 18 when the latter has passed through the opening 20. FIG. 4 shows that similar keying devices can be used to assemble the beams 16 to the panel 1C via the assembly lugs 17.

Fig.6 shows a corner element composed of two panels 1D and lE according to the invention assembled at right angles and joined by two vertical edges. These panels 1D and 1E have the same general construction as the panel of Fig.l, however that their width is significantly narrower. In fact, this width is chosen to be approximately half of the module m, for example.

Fig.7 shows another construction element which constitutes a connection element between two partitions or between an exterior wall and a partition. This element is composed of two panels 1F and 1G according to the invention assembled at right angles. The 1G panel is connected halfway up the other panel and has a width of just nearly equal to half the module m. The 1F panel has a width equal to this module.

The assembly of the lateral sides of the panels can be carried out by any known connection device, for example by eccentric keys which are commonly found in the furniture industry.

Of course, the invention may be implemented through a large number of variants concerning both the usable sections of the profiles available profiles in the frame, the shape of the various ^p OSi say tive assembly, etc. . The description given above is therefore in no way limiting.

The invention thus provides a modular construction panel which can be entirely prefabricated and very easily assembled at the place of construction using very simple tools. Furthermore, the reduction of thermal bridges between the two faces of the panel , bridges which are only present at the places where the uprights and the crosspieces are fixed together, is considerable and all the more so as the panel can receive three layers of an insulating material. This panel therefore has an excellent insulation coefficient. It will also be noted that this panel has a low coefficient of thermal expansion in the horizontal direction because all the crosspieces (6a to 6c) are completely embedded in the insulation material.

The air volume 13 formed between the framework 2 and the exterior facing also contributes to ensuring the high insulation coefficient. It should be noted that the air contained in this volume can be heated for solar radiation through the exterior facing and thus serve as a preheated heat exchange fluid intended to enter a home heating appliance.

• - Dimensions des profilés : 63,5 x 42 x 1,5 mm.
• - Lattes d'entretoisement 12 : épaisseur 30 mm bois sapin traité.
• - Parement 10E : Fibro-ciment épaisseur 8 mm.
• - Parement 1OI: Plaques de plâtre cartonné 2500 x 1200 x 12,5 mm avec pare- vapeur.
• - Matériau d'isolation : Bande de laine de verre 3 x 60 mm et bandes de liège de 40 x 5 mm (bandes 11).
• - Volume 13 : épaisseur 31,5 mm.

By way of example only, a few parameters and dimensions of the panel according to the invention will be indicated above.

• - Profile dimensions: 63.5 x 42 x 1.5 mm.
• - Spacer slats 12: thickness 30 mm treated fir wood.
• - Facing 10E: Fiber cement 8 mm thick.
• - 1OI siding: Cardboard plasterboard 2500 x 1200 x 12.5 mm with vapor barrier.
• - Insulation material: 3 x 60 mm glass wool strip and 40 x 5 mm cork strips (strips 11).
• - Volume 13: thickness 31.5 mm.

Claims (11)

1. Construction panel for nodular construction, comprising a frame (2) made from elongated bars each having a core flanked by two wings and forming the uprights and crosspieces of this frame, characterized in that the uprights (5a to 5d , 7a to 7d) and the crosspieces (6a to 6c) of the frame (2) are respectively arranged alternately in three vertical layers `(4a, 4b, 4c) of the frame (2) being assembled by their adjacent wings . 2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layers (4a, 4c) of the panel (1) include the uprights (5a to 5d, 7a to 7d) and the intermediate layer (4b) the crosspieces (6a to 6c ). 3. Panel according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the uprights (5a to 5d) and the sleepers (6a to 6c) are perpendicular to each other. 4. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the uprights (5a to 5d and 7a to 7d) of the same layer (4a to 4c) are spaced from each other by a distance equal to the module (m) of the modular construction. 5. Panel according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the lower cross member (6c) is placed at a distance (d) from the lower edge of the panel (1) equal to the thickness of the beams (15 ) a floor (14) separating two levels defined by two superimposed panels (1A, 1B, 1C). 6. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the profiles have a U-shaped section of uniform dimensions. 7. Panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that plates or strips of insulating material (9) are arranged in at least one of the layers (4a to 4c) of the framework (2) . 8. Panel according to claim 7, characterized in that each of the layers (4a to 4c) comprises plates or strips (9) of an insulating material, these plates or strips being arranged in a crossed arrangement. 9. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising facings (1OE, 1OI) on these two faces, characterized in that the facing of the panel intended to be turned towards the outside is mounted on elements of bracing (12) themselves fixed on the wings of the uprights (5a to 5d) located in the outer layer (4a) of the panel (1) to delimit between this outer facing (10E) and the framework (2) a volume d 'open air (13), the bracing elements (12) also constituting thermal cut-off members. 10. Panel according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is provided on the upper and lower crosspieces (6a and 6c) of the elements (punctured 18) of keying devices (19) intended to assemble this panel to other elements of the modular construction and in that these elements (18) are spaced from each other by a distance equal to the module (m) of this construction. 11. Corner element or intermediate junction element for modular construction comprising two panels (lD, lE; lF, lG) according to any one of the preceding claims placed at right angles to each other.

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