Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
  • F02B19/06—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with auxiliary piston in chamber for transferring ignited charge to cylinder space
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
  • F02D15/04—Varying compression ratio by alteration of volume of compression space without changing piston stroke
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the subject of the present invention is an internal combustion and internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder and a piston mounted on a crankshaft ensuring the piston reciprocating in the cylinder caused by the expansion of a fluid, an intake valve. authorizing the entry of the oxidizer into the cylinder, an exhaust valve can allow the evacuation, the burnt gases of the latter, the means for injecting the fuel and the means can ignite the oxidant-fuel mixture.
• the object of the invention is to provide an engine in which the compression chamber of the fluid causing the reciprocating movement of the piston in the engine cylinder is of variable volume and at constant compression rate, such that it is possible to set under combustion a significant part or not of all of the oxidizing fluid admitted into the expansion chamber of the engine at a constant compression rate close to the maximum compression rate that can be supported without risk of detonation the fuel used and this, at any what engine speed, including idling.
• This engine has the advantage that it allows a homogeneous mixture of fuel and oxidizer which that scient the working conditions of the engine, which has the advantage of obtaining a great flexibility of operation, an immediate development of an acceptable power independently of the working conditions, the removal of unburnt fuel in the exhaust thanks to the excess oxidizer.
• the engine according to the invention also offers the advantage of allowing, on the one hand, direct cold starts without heating of the manifold inherent in injection engines and, on the other hand, the use of an extremely simple injection pump because it is not necessary to provide a variable injection advance, the latter being established in the compression phase.
• said engine has, near the end of the cylinder corresponding to the top dead center of the piston, a second cylinder communicating with said cylinder by two conduits formed near the ends of this second cylinder, a piston arranged in the latter to delimit there two chambers, each of the latter communicating with the cylinder by one of the aforementioned conduits, the injection means and the means igniting the mixture being arranged in one of these chambers, these means being provided for move the piston of the second cylinder in order to vary the volume of the chamber in the current where the injection means and the means igniting the mixture are arranged, means being also provided for adjusting the flow rate of the injection means as a function of the volume of the chamber in which are arranged said injection means and the means igniting the mixture, the means provided for moving the udder tone of the second cylinder and the means for adjusting the flow rate of the injection means acting in synchronism under the action of a command actuated by the engine accelerator, these elastic means being interposed between the piston of the
• the engine comprises means provided for limiting the stroke of the piston arranged in the cylinder head, during the positioning of said piston, at least in the chamber in which the injection means are arranged and the means igniting the mixture, these means being arranged so that the limitation of the stroke of the piston corresponds to the aforementioned minimum volume of the chamber and, that at the end of the stroke, said piston fully releases the opening of the conduit connecting said engine cylinder chamber.
• the piston rod of the second cylinder extends through the chamber of the second cylinder opposite the chamber in which are arranged the injection means and the means igniting the mixture, means being provided on said piston and on the side of the rod of the latter for sealing the opening of the conduit putting the chamber in which the rod is located of the piston in communication with the engine cylinder when this chamber has reached a predetermined minimum volume, in order to constitute a buffer of fluid under pres sion limiting the stroke of the piston in said chamber when the volume of the other chamber tends to a maximum.
• the drawing is a schematic view, in section and with partial broken lines, of the engine according to the invention.
• the engine illustrated in the drawing is an internal combustion internal combustion engine 1 in which the fuel, mainly gasoline, is injected directly and in which the combustion of the fuel and oxidant mixture is obtained by controlled ignition.
• the top dead center of the piston 2, arranged in the cylinder 1, is located in the immediate vicinity of the cylinder head 3 so that the dead space 4 is as small as possible, a large suction pipe 5 is formed in the cylinder head 3 and puts in communication, by an intake valve 6, the cylinder 1 and the open air, this suction pipe being traversed only by the combustion air.
• the burnt gases are evacuated from cylinder 1 by an exhaust pipe, not shown, fitted with an exhaust valve 7.
• the engine has, near the end 3 of cylinder 1 corresponding to the top dead center of the piston 2, a second cylinder 9 communicating with cylinder 1 by two conduits 10 and 11 formed near the ends of cylinder 9.
• a piston 12 is arranged in this cylinder 9 to delimit there two chambers 13 and 14, the latter communicating with the cylinder 1 respectively by the conduits 10 and 11.
• the piston 2 acts as a compressor to compress the combustion air, at constant pressure, into cylinder 1 and deliver it directly to the two chambers 13 and 14.
• the injector 15 and the spark plug 16 being located in chamber 13 so that the fuel oxidant mixture and the ignition of said mixture take place in this combustion chamber 13, the duct 10 being advantageously shaped to create turbulence, by rotation of the oxidizing fluid, in the chamber 13.
• the oxidant contained in the chamber 14, on the one hand, constitutes a reserve intended to ensure the total combustion of the mixture and on the other hand, makes it possible to obtain a pressure balance between the chambers 13 and 14 during the combustion of the mixture.
• the engine comprises means 17 for moving the piston 12 in the cylinder 9 in order to vary the volume of the chamber 13 as a function of the speed desired for the engine, as well as means 18 for adjusting the flow rate of the injector 15, in acting on the adjustment rack of the injection pump 19, as a function of the volume of the chamber 13, these means 17 and 18 acting in synchronism under the action of a control 20 constituted by a shaft 21 rotated around its axis by the engine accelerator.
• Elastic means 22 are also provided on the engine and are interposed between the piston 12, by means of the piston rod 23, and the means 17 so that the displacements of the piston caused by the explosions in the chamber 13 are not reflected. not on the control 20.
• the means 17 are further arranged for eue, when the control 20 is not requested by the engine accelerator, the piston 12 occupies a position such that the volume of the chamber 13 is at its minimum the value of which is predetermined, this volume preferably corresponding to the density of the oxidizer necessary for the engine idling speed.
• the axes of cylinders 1 and 9 are perpendicular in order to facilitate the construction of the engine and to avoid increasing the volume of the cylinder head.
• the means 17 and 18 for positioning the piston and for adjusting the flow rate of the injector as well as the elastic means 22, essentially constituted by the spring 24 and by the jack 26, use rod systems which are all connected to a connecting piece 27 wedged on the shaft 21 controlled by the engine accelerator.
• the piston 12 is positioned by means of a housing 28 connected to the part 27 and sliding in a guide 29 along the axis of the piston rod 23.
• This piston rod 23 passes through this housing 28, a cup 30, wedged on the piston rod 23, extinguished provided in said housing and mounted in it by means of the spring 24, a stop 25 for stopping the stroke of the piston 23 being screwed onto the rod of the latter and placed outside the housing 28 and cooperating with the face 32 of said housing.
• the stroke of the piston 12 is limited in the cylinder 9, by a stop 33 provided on the cylinder head and cooperating with the face 34 in the housing 28 so that, on the one hand, the chamber 13 is not reduced to a minimum volume mentioned above and on the other hand, that at the end of the stroke the piston 12 does not obstruct the opening of the conduit 10 causing the chamber 13 and the cylinder to communicate.
• the spring 24 is calculated in such a way that on the one hand, the piston 12 is brought back to the chosen position after each explosion in the chamber 13 and on the other hand, when the shaft 21 is not stressed by the accelerator, the piston 12 is automatically returned to its position which corresponds to the aforementioned minimum volume of the chamber 13.
• Means 35 are advantageously provided for limiting the stroke of the piston 12 in the chamber 14 when the volume of the chamber 13 tends to a maximum during ignition of the fuel-filler mixture. These means 35 are constituted by a flange 36 sealingly closing the opening 37 of the conduit 11 when the chamber 14 reaches a predetermined minimum volume, so that a buffer of fluid is formed in the chamber 14 and prevents the piston from coming into contact with the cylinder head.
• the above-mentioned housing 28 is supported, by its face 32, on a stop 31 provided on the guide 29 so as to limit the stroke of the piston 12 in the chamber 14 that the glue rette 36 completely frees the opening 37 of the conduit 11 putting the chamber 14 in communication with the cylinder 1.
• these energy recovery means comprising for example an axial hydraulic pump variable volume controlled by the piston rod 23, being used to supply a pressurized fluid to the above-mentioned cylinder 26.
• the engine according to the invention can of course comprise several cylinders 1 to each of which is associated a cylinder 9, the various means and controls described above being arranged, as in traditional engines, to take account of the offset pistons 2 relative to each other.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
• Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19729670

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

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Family Cites Families (4)

• 1981
  • 1981-06-12 LU LU83433A patent/LU83433A1/fr unknown
• 1982
  • 1982-06-03 EP EP82901781A patent/EP0081523A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1982-06-03 JP JP57501791A patent/JPS58500907A/ja active Pending
  • 1982-06-03 WO PCT/BE1982/000014 patent/WO1982004462A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1982-06-09 IT IT48607/82A patent/IT1148585B/it active
  • 1982-06-11 CA CA000405025A patent/CA1191792A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1982-06-11 ES ES513031A patent/ES513031A0/es active Granted

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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