EP0078747A1 - Method and apparatus for relaxing knitted fabrics - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for relaxing knitted fabrics Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078747A1
EP0078747A1 EP82402013A EP82402013A EP0078747A1 EP 0078747 A1 EP0078747 A1 EP 0078747A1 EP 82402013 A EP82402013 A EP 82402013A EP 82402013 A EP82402013 A EP 82402013A EP 0078747 A1 EP0078747 A1 EP 0078747A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
knitted fabric
knitting
projection
projected
knitted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP82402013A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0078747B1 (en
Inventor
Eugène Voisin
Philippe Aujard
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CENTRE TECHNIQUE INDUSTRIEL DIT: INSTITUT TEXTILE
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Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
Institut Textile de France
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Publication of EP0078747A1 publication Critical patent/EP0078747A1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C19/00—Breaking or softening of fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C21/00—Shrinking by compressing

Definitions

  • Knitting pieces are understood to mean pieces falling from hosiery, they can therefore be in a tubular form in the case of circular knitting looms or in a flat form in the case of other trades, in particular rectilinear or Rachel.
  • Such a piece of knitted fabric or articles produced with it are subjected to washing, there are significant shrinkages, which present a real inconvenience to the user.
  • a relaxation treatment is to bring the knitted fabric into the state which corresponds to the minimum of constraints; in this state of equilibrium, specific to the. knit, the relaxed knit will theoretically be dimensionally stable. In fact all relaxation treatments tend towards this theoretical result, so that the dimensional variations of the knit are as small as possible.
  • Moisture can come from previous treatments, the knitting piece being introduced into the relaxation equipment in the wet state, for example after a simple spin. Humidity can also be introduced directly into the relaxation process in the form of saturated vapor or spray.
  • the agitation of the knitted fabric is caused in particular either by mechanical members which come into contact with the knitted fabric, or by means which vibrate the knitted conveyor belt at a high frequency, or by nozzles which send air onto the knitted fabric intermittently. In the latter case, the stirring and the addition of heat can be carried out simultaneously by jets of hot air, striking the knitted fabric.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art. It relates to a method of relaxation of knitting pieces using both moisture, heat and agitation of the knitting, according to which the agitation is carried out by projection of the knitting parading at high speed against a rigid support and where the stirring is followed by an accumulation of the knitted fabric on said support.
  • the speed necessary for obtaining a real agitation in accordance with the invention depends on the characteristics of the installation and in particular on the distance separating the place from which the knitted fabric is projected, from the place against which the knitted fabric is projected.
  • the lower threshold of acceptable speeds which also depends on the quality sought for the result, is easily determined experimentally; as will be shown by the examples given below, good results have been obtained with a drive speed of the order of 120 m / min.
  • the knitting piece After the projection against the rigid support, the knitting piece is left without tension, it accumulates on the support: in this way, the movement of the threads and stitches is carried out gradually and the knitting tends towards its state of equilibrium .
  • a single treatment according to the method of the invention, is not sufficient; and once the wires and meshes have been able to move freely thanks to the energy transmitted during the projection of the part on the support rigid, the same part will be subjected to another identical treatment, of projection of the knitted material driven at high speed on a rigid support then of accumulation without tension on said support, and this as many times as it will be necessary to obtain the desired result , closest to the relaxed state.
  • the knitting is projected by driving the latter by friction using a mobile projection element, which, at its exit zone, violently launches the knit against the reception zone of the rigid support which is located near (preferably between 400 and 1000 mm) the exit area of the projection element, and substantially transversely to the direction of projection.
  • the present invention also relates to a device specially designed for the implementation of this method and which comprises a movable projection element animated by a high speed on which the knitted piece moves, and a rigid element against which it is projected and on which it accumulates, before being taken up on another device according to the invention.
  • the movable element consists of a conveyor belt.
  • the knitting piece is taken from the surface of the rigid element where it was accumulated, it is conveyed at high speed by the conveyor belt and projected onto the rigid element located near said carpet.
  • the sampling zone of the rigid support is located near (preferably between 400 and 1000 mm) from the entry zone of the mobile projection element.
  • the rigid element is fixed and shaped so that the knitted piece, once projected, accumulates in successive folds and slides on the surface of said fixed element, before being driven by another movable element according to the 'invention.
  • the knitting piece is in the form of a closed loop. Thanks to this presentation, the successive treatments necessary for the part to tend towards the relaxed state can be carried out on a single device according to the invention. So the loop-shaped piece is treated continuously: if we refer to a portion of the knitting piece, it is taken from the rigid element where it was accumulated, it is conveyed at high speed on the carpet conveyor, it is projected against the part of the rigid element located at the end of the conveyor belt and opposite it, it accumulates without tension in successive folds and slides on the rigid element, then it is again removed and then conveyed on the conveyor belt. Each portion of the knitting piece is thus treated continuously; it is sufficient for this that the device is designed so that the transfer by sliding of the part on the rigid element is coordinated with the removal of said part by the conveyor belt.
  • the knitting pieces When the knitting pieces come from a wet phase treatment, they have been wrung out and already contain the moisture necessary for relaxation: in this case, it is generally not useful to add additional water. On the other hand, when the knitting pieces are in the dry state, the humidity required for relaxation must be introduced, in particular by the action of saturated steam.
  • the heat essential for relaxation is provided by any means, allowing the knitted item to be communicated with sufficient and uniform heat energy.
  • we carry out the contribution of heat by the action of a current of hot air which circulates around and through the piece of knitting.
  • the action of the hot air continues until the knitted fabric reaches a residual moisture level of the order of the recovery rate of the material of which it is made.
  • the piece thus treated not only is in a relaxed state, but is dried. It can be used without further drying for other treatments it will have to undergo.
  • the method according to the invention gives knitting improved dimensional stability compared to known treatments, and makes it possible to successfully treat certain types of knitting on which known treatments are not very effective.
  • This dimensional stability is of great importance in the course of the operations which the knitting piece will undergo, it very often conditions the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the user of the article made with said piece. If the dimensional stability of the piece is not good, a T-shirt made with said piece will shrink after the first or several washes: in some cases, the removal rate can be considerable, around 20%, this which, we understand very well, is completely unpleasant for the user of the T-shirt.
  • Another advantage provided by the method according to the invention consists in increasing the swelling of the knitted fabric.
  • the swelling aspect of the product is decisive on the commercial level, the volume being synonymous with comfort; moreover, a better swelling can facilitate the subsequent treatments which the knitting piece must undergo, such as scraping.
  • This increase in the bulk is of course much more apparent and therefore interesting on knitwear of a certain thickness, such as fleece and terry.
  • Most of the knits of this type treated according to this process have shown an increase in the bulge, which can be up to 50% compared to the untreated knit, in the case of the unshaven loop.
  • a knitted fabric has stitches 1 which have undergone a certain number of constraints due to knitting, they are deformed with respect to stitches 2 of the same knit which has undergone a relaxation treatment.
  • the relaxation treatment results in a shortening of the wings 3 of the knit stitches, compensated by an extension of the heads 4 and the feet 5 of the stitches.
  • the heads 4 of the stitches do not remain pressed against the feet 5 of the following stitches but the stitches overlap each other more, a little like in the manner of tiles on a roof.
  • the sectional views of the meshes illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 clearly show the difference in thickness; between a knitted loom and a relaxed knit; it is this difference which explains the increase in bulking conferred by the relaxation treatment.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are intended to obtain a relaxed knit having stitches as illustrated in FIG. 2 from a knit whose stitches have deformations of the type of those illustrated in FIG.
  • the method and the device according to the invention use the known factors, essential for relaxation, that are the humidity, the heat and the agitation of the knitted fabric, under conditions such as the threads and the knitted fabrics of the knitted fabric. move relative to each other to reach the state of equilibrium where the knitting has the minimum of internal stresses.
  • the knitting piece 6 is in the form of a closed loop. To make this presentation, it suffices, after introduction of the part into the treatment apparatus 7 and after having made it follow the path of the different stages of treatment, to attach by means of a seam 8 the two ends of said part.
  • the treatment apparatus 7 comprises the movable projection element 9, the rigid element 13 and means 14 and 15 respectively for the circulation of hot air and saturated vapor.
  • the movable projection element 9 consists of a drive cylinder 10 capable of rotating at high speeds, up to 600 meters per minute of peripheral speed, of a detour cylinder 11, mounted idly on its axis of rotation , and a conveyor belt 12 surrounding the drive cylinder 10 and the detour cylinder 11.
  • the conveyor belt has a surface with a coefficient of roughness sufficient for the knitted piece to be driven without slipping.
  • the rigid element 13 is constituted by a sheet metal plate whose surface is smooth and curved. This plate is placed under the conveyor belt; one of its ends 16 is located at the height of the drive cylinder 10 and faces it, the other end 17 is located beyond the detour cylinder 11. In this way the piece of knitted fabric coming from the conveyor belt is projected against the plate at the end 16, accumulates on said plate 13 in successive folds 18, which slide progressively towards the end 17 where the part is driven towards the conveyor belt 12 in line with the detour cylinder 11 .
  • the mobile element 9 and the rigid element 13 are positioned relative to each other so as to optimize the relaxation treatment.
  • the upper end 16 of the plate 13 is located at a distance from the drive cylinder 10 such that the projection of the knitted fabric against the plate is sufficient - which experience easily determines - and the part can lay in folds on the baking sheet.
  • the length of part between the output of the drive cylinder and the contact with the plate is, in practical application, of the order of 600 millimeters.
  • the lower end 17 of the plate 13 is located at a distance from the detour cylinder 11 such that the tension created by the call of the knitted piece by the conveyor belt is as low as possible.
  • the length of piece between the accumulation on the plate 13 and the contact with the conveyor belt is, in a practical application, of the order of 800 millimeters.
  • the sheet metal plate 13 is perforated to allow the circulation of hot air or saturated steam, through the knitted fabric.
  • the perforations are made so that the knitted fabric does not catch on the plate, they are therefore of the repoussé or punch-type type as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the treatment apparatus 7 comprises known means for producing and circulating hot air; this air is heated in the exchanger 19 and propelled by the turbine 20 to be sent to the treatment chamber proper at its lower part.
  • the hot air rises through the perforations of the plate and / or on the sides of said plate, and comes into contact with the piece of knitted fabric as it travels on the conveyor belt and on the plate. After which, the air which has cooled slightly and which has taken up humidity if the room was wet is directed towards the exchanger 19. the air is therefore recycled during the whole treatment.
  • the treatment apparatus 7 comprises known means for producing and circulating saturated vapor. 11 may especially be vaporization ramps 21, supplied by the steam supplied by a steam generator not shown.
  • the knitted piece Prior to the relaxation treatment, the knitted piece was bleached, softened in a boat, then wrung by a centrifugal spin. It is introduced into the installation in the wet state, containing approximately 40% residual moisture relative to its dry weight.
  • This fleece knit is treated according to the method of the invention for 45 minutes.
  • a piece of this knitting is treated, the fleece being inside the piece, which having been knitted on a circular loom is in the form of a tubular hose; for the the potential withdrawal percentages obtained are 4.4% in the column direction and - 0.7% in the row direction.
  • Another piece of the same knit is treated, the fleece being outside the piece; the percentages of potential withdrawals are 2.9% in the column direction and - 1.9% in the row direction.
  • the shrinkages or potential elongations are measured on a laboratory relaxer machine, under operating conditions such that the dimensions obtained represent the optimum relaxation.
  • the average thickness was measured before and after the relaxation treatment, to determine the increase in the bulge. These thickness measurements are carried out on an automatic device under different loads. Under one gram per square centimeter of pressure, the thickness of the fleece is 2.27 before treatment and 2.38 after treatment; under 10 grams per square centimeter of pressure, the thickness is 1.92 before and 2.02 after relaxation treatment. The bulking gain is around 5%.
  • the same fleece knitted underwent a pre-scraping treatment before being introduced in the dry state into the relaxation installation where it is treated first in the presence of saturated steam for 10 minutes and then with hot air to 75 ° C for 10 minutes.
  • the percentages of potential withdrawals obtained are 5% in the column direction and 0.5% in the row direction.
  • the piece was whitened, softened in a boat, and then wrung out by a centrifugal spin. It is introduced into the installation in the wet state, containing approximately 40% residual moisture relative to its dry weight.
  • This loop knit is treated according to the method of the invention for 45 minutes.
  • a piece of this knitted fabric is treated, the loop being inside the piece which has the shape of a tubular hose.
  • the percentages of potential withdrawals are 4.8% in the column direction and - 3.1% in the row direction.
  • Another piece of the same knit is treated, the loop being outside the piece; the percentages of potential withdrawals are 4.5% in the column direction and - 1.8% in the row direction.
  • the thickness measurements under one gram per square centimeter, are 1.63 for terry knitwear before treatment and 2.47 after treatment. Under ten grams per square centimeter, they are 1.36 before and 2.13 after treatment. The bulking gain is greater than 50%.
  • Example 3 The same loop knitting as that referenced in Example 3 underwent a shaving pre-treatment, before being introduced in the dry state into the relaxation installation where it is first treated in the presence of saturated steam for 10 minutes then with hot air at 75 ° C for 10 minutes.
  • the percentages of potential withdrawals obtained are 5.4% in the column direction and -2.7% in the row direction.
  • FIG. 5 represents a second embodiment of the device of the invention.
  • the knitted fabric 6 is driven by the conveyor belt 12 rotating on the rollers 10 and 11.
  • a second carpet 22 passing around the rollers 23, 24 can be superimposed on the first carpet 12 to ensure better training of the knitted fabric, free from slipping and deformation.
  • the rigid element 13 ′ is made up of several sub-assemblies: the upper end is formed by a receiving pediment 16 ′ against which the knitted fabric projects.
  • a transition element 25 forms with a guide 26 opposite a chimney in which the knitted fabric which falls from the pediment under the effect of its own weight, can pile up in more or less quantity so that it pushes down the knitted fabric stored on the inclined plane forming the central part of the rigid element 13 '.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé de relaxation de pièces de tricot (6) met en oeuvre l'humidité, la chaleur et l'agitation du tricot. L'agitation du tricot est réalisée par la projection du tricot (6), défilant à grande vitesse, contre le support rigide (13) et est suivie d'une accumulation sans tension du tricot sur le support rigide (13).The relaxation process for knitted pieces (6) uses moisture, heat and agitation of the knitted fabric. The knitting is agitated by projecting the knitting (6), scrolling at high speed, against the rigid support (13) and is followed by a tensionless accumulation of the knitting on the rigid support (13).

On réalise la projection du tricot en entraînant, par friction, et sans glissement, le tricot à l'aide d'un élément mobile de projection (9) dans la zone de sortie duquel le tricot (6) est projeté contre une zone de réception du support (13), située à proximité de la zone de sortie de l'élément de projection (9) et sensiblement transversale à la direction de projection.The knitting is projected by driving, by friction, and without sliding, the knitting using a mobile projection element (9) in the exit zone from which the knitting (6) is projected against a reception zone of the support (13), located near the exit area of the projection element (9) and substantially transverse to the direction of projection.

L'élément mobile de projection (9) est constitué d'un tapis transporteur (12), entourant deux cylindres (11, 10) dont au moins un cylindre d'entraînement (10), dont la vitesse d'entraînement peut atteindre 600 m/mn.

Figure imgaf001
The movable projection element (9) consists of a conveyor belt (12), surrounding two cylinders (11, 10) including at least one drive cylinder (10), the drive speed of which can reach 600 m / min.
Figure imgaf001

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de relaxation des pièces de tricot et un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. On entend par pièces de tricot les pièces tombant des métiers de bonneterie, elles peuvent donc se présenter sous une forme tubulaire dans le cas des métiers à tricoter circulaire ou sous une forme plate dans le cas d'autres métiers notamment rectiligne ou Rachel.The invention relates to a method for relaxing the knitted pieces and a device for carrying out this method. Knitting pieces are understood to mean pieces falling from hosiery, they can therefore be in a tubular form in the case of circular knitting looms or in a flat form in the case of other trades, in particular rectilinear or Rachel.

Une pièce de tricot, tombée du métier ou provenant d'un traitement ultérieur de blanchiment, de teinture ou d'apprêt, se trouve éloignée de son état d'équilibre, en ce qui concerne les dimensions, en raison des tensions qu'elle a subies au cours du tricotage ou au cours des traitements ultérieurs. Lorsqu'on soumet une telle pièce de tricot ou des articles réalisés avec celle-ci à un lavage, on constate des retraits importants, qui présentent un réel désagrément pour l'utilisateur.A piece of knitting, dropped from the loom or coming from a subsequent bleaching, dyeing or finishing treatment, is far from its state of equilibrium, as regards dimensions, due to the tensions which it has suffered during knitting or during subsequent treatments. When such a piece of knitted fabric or articles produced with it are subjected to washing, there are significant shrinkages, which present a real inconvenience to the user.

Un traitement de relaxation a pour objet d'amener le tricot dans l'état qui correspond au minimum de contraintes ; dans cet état d'équilibre, propre à la . maille, le tricot relaxé sera théoriquement stable dimensionnellement. En fait tous les traitements de relaxation tendent vers ce résultat théorique, de manière que les variations dimensionnelles du tricot soient les plus faibles possible .The purpose of a relaxation treatment is to bring the knitted fabric into the state which corresponds to the minimum of constraints; in this state of equilibrium, specific to the. knit, the relaxed knit will theoretically be dimensionally stable. In fact all relaxation treatments tend towards this theoretical result, so that the dimensional variations of the knit are as small as possible.

Il existe un bon nombre de matériels qui sont destinés à relaxer les pièces de tricot. Dans son brevet américain n° 2.325.545 du 28 août 1941, REDMAN avait déjà fait ressortir les trois facteurs qui concourent à la relaxation des tricots ; l'humidité, la chaleur et l'agitation du tricot. Tous les matériels existants mettent en oeuvre ces facteurs en utilisant des moyens variés.There are a good number of materials which are intended to relax the pieces of knitting. In its American patent n ° 2.325.545 of August 28, 1941, REDMAN had already brought out the three factors which contribute to the relaxation of knitted fabrics; humidity, warmth and agitation of the knit. All existing equipment implements these factors using various means.

L'humidité peut provenir des traitements antérieurs, la pièce de tricot étant introduite dans le matériel de relaxation à l'état humide par exemple après un simple essorage. L'humidité peut aussi être introduite directement dans le processus de relaxation sous forme de vapeur saturée ou de pulvérisation.Moisture can come from previous treatments, the knitting piece being introduced into the relaxation equipment in the wet state, for example after a simple spin. Humidity can also be introduced directly into the relaxation process in the form of saturated vapor or spray.

C'est le plus souvent un courant d'air chaud qui apporte la chaleur nécessaire à la relaxation.It is most often a current of hot air which provides the heat necessary for relaxation.

L'agitation du tricot est provoquée notamment soit par des organes mécaniques qui viennent en contact avec le tricot, soit par des moyens faisant vibrer le tapis transporteur du tricot à une fréquence élevée,soit par des buses qui envoient de l'air sur le tricot d'une manière intermittente. Dans ce dernier cas, l'agitation et l'apport de chaleur peuvent être réalisés simultanément par des jets d'air chaud, frappant le tricot.The agitation of the knitted fabric is caused in particular either by mechanical members which come into contact with the knitted fabric, or by means which vibrate the knitted conveyor belt at a high frequency, or by nozzles which send air onto the knitted fabric intermittently. In the latter case, the stirring and the addition of heat can be carried out simultaneously by jets of hot air, striking the knitted fabric.

La plupart des matériels proposés actuellement traitent les pièces de tricot de façon continue; ce sont en fait des séchoirs pour lesquels la fonction de relaxation est additionnelle et non prioritaire. De ce fait, dans ces matériels, le traitement de relaxation est insuffisant pour conférer au tricot une très bonne stabilité dimensionnelle, et surtout il est insuffisant pour relaxer des pièces spécialement difficiles à relaxer telles que les tricots molletons et les tricots bouclettes.Most of the materials currently offered process knitting pieces continuously; these are in fact dryers for which the relaxation function is additional and not a priority. Therefore, in these materials, the relaxation treatment is insufficient to give the knitted fabric very good dimensional stability, and above all it is insufficient to relax specially difficult-to-relax pieces such as fleece and loop knitwear.

On connaît également par le brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique n° 4.286.395 un appareil pour le traitement superficiel des produits textiles, dans lequel le traitement s'effectue par flottement ondulant du textile au sein d'un courant d'air passant à co-courant dans un guide tubulaire de traitement, sur les parois duquel la surface du tricot est amenée à frotter. Il s'agit donc d'un traitement de surface, et non d'un traitement de relaxation, faute d'une véritable agitation agissant violemment dans toute l'épaisseur du tricot. Du reste, les essais pratiqués sur ce type de matériel montrent son impuissance à améliorer de façon sensible la stabilité dimensionnelle du tricot.Also known from United States Patent No. 4,286,395 is an apparatus for the surface treatment of textile products, in which the treatment is carried out by undulating floating of the textile in a passing air stream. co-current in a tubular treatment guide, on the walls of which the knitted surface is caused to rub. It is therefore a surface treatment, not a relaxation treatment, for lack of real agitation acting violently throughout the thickness of the knitted fabric. Rest, tests performed on this type of material show its inability to significantly improve the dimensional stability of the knitted fabric.

La présente invention se propose de remédier aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur. Elle a pour objet un procédé de relaxation de pièces de tricot mettant en oeuvre à la fois l'humidité, la chaleur et l'agitation du tricot, selon lequel l'agitation est réalisée par projection du tricot défilant à grande vitesse contre un support rigide et où l'agitation est suivie d'une accumulation du tricot sur ledit support.The present invention proposes to remedy the drawbacks of the prior art. It relates to a method of relaxation of knitting pieces using both moisture, heat and agitation of the knitting, according to which the agitation is carried out by projection of the knitting parading at high speed against a rigid support and where the stirring is followed by an accumulation of the knitted fabric on said support.

La vitesse nécessaire à l'obtention d'une véritable agitation conforme à l'invention dépend descaracté- ristiques de l'installation et notamment de la distance séparant l'endroit d'où le tricot est projeté, de l'endroit contre lequel le tricot est projeté. Le seuil inférieur des vitesses acceptables, fonction d'ailleurs de la qualité recherchée pour le résultat, se détermine facilement de façon expérimentale; comme l'indiqueront les exemples donnés plus loin, de bons résultats ont été obtenus avec une vitesse d'entraînement de l'ordre de 120 m/mn.The speed necessary for obtaining a real agitation in accordance with the invention depends on the characteristics of the installation and in particular on the distance separating the place from which the knitted fabric is projected, from the place against which the knitted fabric is projected. The lower threshold of acceptable speeds, which also depends on the quality sought for the result, is easily determined experimentally; as will be shown by the examples given below, good results have been obtained with a drive speed of the order of 120 m / min.

L'énergie transmise, lors de la projection du tricot sur le support rigide, s'oppose aux contraintes internes du tricot, et permet aux fils constitutifs des mailles, et aux mailles elles-mêmes de se déplacer les unes par rapport aux autres.The energy transmitted, during the projection of the knit on the rigid support, opposes the internal stresses of the knit, and allows the constituent yarns of the stitches, and the stitches themselves to move relative to each other.

Après la projection contre le support rigide, la pièce de tricot est laissée sans tension, elle s'accumule sur le support : de la sorte, le déplacement des fils et des mailles s'effectue progressivement et le tricot tend vers son état d'équilibre. Pour atteindre cet état relaxé, un seul traitement, selon le procédé de l'invention, n'est pas suffisant ; et une fois que les fils et mailles auront pu librement se déplacer grâce à l'énergie transmise lors de la projection de la pièce sur le support rigide, la même pièce sera soumise à un autre traitement identique, de projection du tricot entraîné à grande vitesse sur un support rigide puis d'accumulation sans tension sur ledit support, et cela autant de fois qu'il sera nécessaire pour obtenir le résultat recherché, le plus proche de l'état relaxé.After the projection against the rigid support, the knitting piece is left without tension, it accumulates on the support: in this way, the movement of the threads and stitches is carried out gradually and the knitting tends towards its state of equilibrium . To reach this relaxed state, a single treatment, according to the method of the invention, is not sufficient; and once the wires and meshes have been able to move freely thanks to the energy transmitted during the projection of the part on the support rigid, the same part will be subjected to another identical treatment, of projection of the knitted material driven at high speed on a rigid support then of accumulation without tension on said support, and this as many times as it will be necessary to obtain the desired result , closest to the relaxed state.

Avantageusement, on réalise la projection du tricot en entraînant ce dernier par friction à l'aide d'un élément mobile de projection, qui, au niveau de sa zone de sortie, lance violemment le tricot contre la zone de réception du support rigide laquelle est située à proximité (de préférence entre 400 et 1000 mm) de la zone de sortie de l'élément de projection, et sensiblement transversalement à la direction de projection.Advantageously, the knitting is projected by driving the latter by friction using a mobile projection element, which, at its exit zone, violently launches the knit against the reception zone of the rigid support which is located near (preferably between 400 and 1000 mm) the exit area of the projection element, and substantially transversely to the direction of projection.

La présente invention a aussi pour objet un dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé et qui comprend un élément mobile de projection animé d'une grande vitesse sur lequel la pièce de tricot se déplace, et un élément rigide contre lequel elle est projetée et sur lequel elle s'accumule, avant d'être reprise sur un autre dispositif selon l'invention.The present invention also relates to a device specially designed for the implementation of this method and which comprises a movable projection element animated by a high speed on which the knitted piece moves, and a rigid element against which it is projected and on which it accumulates, before being taken up on another device according to the invention.

Avantageusement, l'élément mobile est constitué d'un tapis transporteur. La pièce de tricot est prélevée de la surface de l'élément rigide où elle était accumulée, elle est véhiculée à grande vitesse par le tapis transporteur et projetée sur l'élément rigide situé à proximité dudit tapis.Advantageously, the movable element consists of a conveyor belt. The knitting piece is taken from the surface of the rigid element where it was accumulated, it is conveyed at high speed by the conveyor belt and projected onto the rigid element located near said carpet.

Avantageusement, la zone de prélèvement du support rigide est située à proximité (de préférence entre 400 et 1000 mm) de la zone d'entrée de l'élément mobile de projection.Advantageously, the sampling zone of the rigid support is located near (preferably between 400 and 1000 mm) from the entry zone of the mobile projection element.

Avantageusement, l'élément rigide est fixe et conformé de telle sorte que la pièce de tricot, une fois projetée, s'accumule en plis successifs et glisse sur la surface dudit élément fixe, avant d'être entraînée par un autre élément mobile selon l'invention.Advantageously, the rigid element is fixed and shaped so that the knitted piece, once projected, accumulates in successive folds and slides on the surface of said fixed element, before being driven by another movable element according to the 'invention.

Avantageusement, la pièce de tricot se présente sous la forme d'une boucle fermée. Grâce à cette présentation, les traitements successifs nécessaires pour que la pièce tende vers l'état relaxé peuvent être réalisés sur un seul dispositif selon l'invention. Ainsi la pièce en forme de boucle est traitée de façon continue : si l'on se refêre à une portion de la pièce de tricot, elle est prélevée de l'élément rigide où elle était accumulée, elle est véhiculée à grande vitesse sur le tapis transporteur, elle est projetée contre la partie de l'élément rigide située à l'extrémité du tapis transporteur et en regard de celle-ci, elle s'accumule sans tension en plis successifs et glisse sur l'élément rigide, puis elle est de nouveau prélevée puis véhiculée sur le tapis transporteur. Chaque portion de la pièce de tricot est ainsi traitée de manière continue ; il suffit pour cela que le dispositif soit conçu de telle sorte que le transfert par glissement de la pièce sur l'élément rigide soit coordonné avec le prélèvement de ladite pièce par le tapis transporteur.Advantageously, the knitting piece is in the form of a closed loop. Thanks to this presentation, the successive treatments necessary for the part to tend towards the relaxed state can be carried out on a single device according to the invention. So the loop-shaped piece is treated continuously: if we refer to a portion of the knitting piece, it is taken from the rigid element where it was accumulated, it is conveyed at high speed on the carpet conveyor, it is projected against the part of the rigid element located at the end of the conveyor belt and opposite it, it accumulates without tension in successive folds and slides on the rigid element, then it is again removed and then conveyed on the conveyor belt. Each portion of the knitting piece is thus treated continuously; it is sufficient for this that the device is designed so that the transfer by sliding of the part on the rigid element is coordinated with the removal of said part by the conveyor belt.

Il est bon de rappeler que l'agitation du tricot réalisée selon l'invention doit être associée aux deux autres facteurs indispensables pour assurer dans un temps raisonnable, une bonne relaxation du tricot, à savoir l'humidité et la chaleur.It is worth remembering that the stirring of the knitted fabric produced according to the invention must be associated with the two other factors which are essential for ensuring, within a reasonable time, good relaxation of the knitted fabric, namely humidity and heat.

Lorsque les pièces de tricot proviennent d'un traitement en phase humide, elles ont été préalablement essorées et contiennent déjà l'humidité nécessaire à la relaxation : dans ce cas, il n'est généralement pas utile d'ajouter de l'eau additionnelle. Par contre, lorsque les pièces de tricot sont à l'état sec, l'humidité requise pour la relaxation devra être introduite, notamment par action de la vapeur saturante.When the knitting pieces come from a wet phase treatment, they have been wrung out and already contain the moisture necessary for relaxation: in this case, it is generally not useful to add additional water. On the other hand, when the knitting pieces are in the dry state, the humidity required for relaxation must be introduced, in particular by the action of saturated steam.

La chaleur indispensable à la relaxation est apportée par tout moyen, permettant de communiquer à la pièce de tricot une énergie calorifique suffisante et uniforme. Généralement et de manière connue, on réalise l'apport de chaleur par l'action d'un courant d'air chaud qui circule autour et à travers la pièce de tricot.The heat essential for relaxation is provided by any means, allowing the knitted item to be communicated with sufficient and uniform heat energy. Generally and in a known manner, we carry out the contribution of heat by the action of a current of hot air which circulates around and through the piece of knitting.

Avantageusement, l'action de l'air chaud se poursuit jusqu'à ce que le tricot atteigne un taux d'humidité résiduelle de l'ordre du taux de reprise de la matière dont il est constitué. La pièce ainsi traitée, non seulement se trouve dans un état relaxé, mais est séchée. Elle peut être utilisée sans séchage ultérieur pour les autres traitements qu'elle aura à subir.Advantageously, the action of the hot air continues until the knitted fabric reaches a residual moisture level of the order of the recovery rate of the material of which it is made. The piece thus treated, not only is in a relaxed state, but is dried. It can be used without further drying for other treatments it will have to undergo.

Le procédé selon l'invention confère au tricot une stabilité dimensionnelle améliorée par rapport aux traitements connus, et permet de traiter avec succès certains types de tricot sur lesquels les traitements connus sont peu efficaces. Cette stabilité dimensionnelle a une très grande importance dans la suite des opérations que subira la pièce de tricot, elle conditionne très souvent la satisfaction ou l'insatisfaction de l'utilisateur de l'article confectionné avec ladite pièce. Si la stabilité dimensionnelle de la pièce n'est pas bonne, un tee-shirt confectionné avec ladite pièce rétrécira après le premier ou plusieurs lavages : dans certains cas, le taux de retrait peut être considérable, de l'ordre de 20 %, ce qui, on le conçoit fort bien, est tout à fait désagréable pour l'utilisateur du tee-shirt.The method according to the invention gives knitting improved dimensional stability compared to known treatments, and makes it possible to successfully treat certain types of knitting on which known treatments are not very effective. This dimensional stability is of great importance in the course of the operations which the knitting piece will undergo, it very often conditions the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the user of the article made with said piece. If the dimensional stability of the piece is not good, a T-shirt made with said piece will shrink after the first or several washes: in some cases, the removal rate can be considerable, around 20%, this which, we understand very well, is completely unpleasant for the user of the T-shirt.

Tous les tricots traités selon le procédé de l'invention ont présenté une stabilité dimensionnelle compatible avec les exigences de qualité recherchées par les consommateurs.All of the knitted fabrics treated according to the process of the invention exhibited dimensional stability compatible with the quality requirements sought by consumers.

Un autre avantage apporté par le procédé selon l'invention consiste dans l'accroissement du gonflant du tricot. Pour certains articles, et en particulier pour la bouclette, l'aspect gonflant du produit est déterminant sur le plan commercial, le volume étant synonyme de confort; par ailleurs, un meilleur gonflant peut faciliter les traitements ultérieurs que doit subir la pièce de tricot, tel que le grattage. Cet accroissement du gonflant est bien sûr beaucoup plus apparent et donc intéressant sur les tricots d'une certaine épaisseur, comme le molleton et la bouclette. La plupart des tricots de ce type traités selon ce procédé ont présenté un accroissement du gonflant, qui peut aller jusqu'à 50 % par rapport au tricot non traité, dans le cas de la bouclette non rasée.Another advantage provided by the method according to the invention consists in increasing the swelling of the knitted fabric. For certain articles, and in particular for the loop, the swelling aspect of the product is decisive on the commercial level, the volume being synonymous with comfort; moreover, a better swelling can facilitate the subsequent treatments which the knitting piece must undergo, such as scraping. This increase in the bulk is of course much more apparent and therefore interesting on knitwear of a certain thickness, such as fleece and terry. Most of the knits of this type treated according to this process have shown an increase in the bulge, which can be up to 50% compared to the untreated knit, in the case of the unshaven loop.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs du procédé et d'un dispositif selon l'invention ainsi que des dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - les figures lA et 1B représentent les mailles d'un tricot tombé du métier, respectivement de face et en coupe latérale ;
  • - les figures 2A et 2B représentent les mailles du même tricot, après qu'il a subi un traitement de relaxation, respectivement de face et en coupe latérale ;
  • - la figure 3 est une coupe longitudinale du dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 4 est une section longitudinale partielle de l'élément rigide au droit d'une perforation.
  • - la figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale d'un second mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description which follows of non-limiting exemplary embodiments of the method and of a device according to the invention as well as from the appended drawings in which:
  • - Figures lA and 1B show the stitches of a knitted fabric fallen from the loom, respectively from the front and in side section;
  • - Figures 2A and 2B show the stitches of the same knit, after it has undergone a relaxation treatment, respectively from the front and in side section;
  • - Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the device specially designed for the implementation of the method according to the invention;
  • - Figure 4 is a partial longitudinal section of the rigid element in line with a perforation.
  • - Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a device of the invention.

Tombé de métier, un tricot présente des mailles 1 qui ont subi un certain nombre de contraintes du fait du tricotage, elles sont déformées par rapport aux mailles 2 du même tricot qui a subi un traitement de relaxation. Comme on peut le constater en comparant les deux figures 1 et 2, le traitement de relaxation entraîne un raccourcissement des ailes 3 des mailles du tricot, compensé par une extension des têtes 4 et des pieds 5 des mailles. De plus, dans le tricot relaxé, les têtes 4 des mailles ne restent pas plaquées contre les pieds 5 des mailles suivantes mais les mailles se recouvrent davantage les unes les autres, un peu comme à la manière des tuiles sur un toit. Les vues en coupe des mailles illustrées aux figures 1 et 2 montrent bien la différence d'épaisseur; entre un tricot tombé de métier et un tricot relaxé ; c'est cette différence qui explique l'accroissement de gonflant conféré par le traitement de relaxation.Fallen from the loom, a knitted fabric has stitches 1 which have undergone a certain number of constraints due to knitting, they are deformed with respect to stitches 2 of the same knit which has undergone a relaxation treatment. As can be seen by comparing the two figures 1 and 2, the relaxation treatment results in a shortening of the wings 3 of the knit stitches, compensated by an extension of the heads 4 and the feet 5 of the stitches. In addition, in relaxed knitting, the heads 4 of the stitches do not remain pressed against the feet 5 of the following stitches but the stitches overlap each other more, a little like in the manner of tiles on a roof. The sectional views of the meshes illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 clearly show the difference in thickness; between a knitted loom and a relaxed knit; it is this difference which explains the increase in bulking conferred by the relaxation treatment.

Le procédé et le dispositif selon l'invention sont destinés à obtenir un tricot relaxé présentant des mailles telles qu'illustrées par la figure 2 à partir d'un tricot dont les mailles présentent des déformations du type de celles illustrées à la figure 1. Pour obtenir ce résultat, le procédé et le dispositif selon l'invention utilisent les facteurs connus, indispensables à la relaxation, que sont l'humidité, la chaleur et l'agitation du tricot, dans des conditions telles que les fils et les mailles du tricot se déplacent les uns par rapport aux autres pour atteindre l'état d'équilibre où le tricot présente le minimum de contraintes internes.The method and the device according to the invention are intended to obtain a relaxed knit having stitches as illustrated in FIG. 2 from a knit whose stitches have deformations of the type of those illustrated in FIG. To obtain this result, the method and the device according to the invention use the known factors, essential for relaxation, that are the humidity, the heat and the agitation of the knitted fabric, under conditions such as the threads and the knitted fabrics of the knitted fabric. move relative to each other to reach the state of equilibrium where the knitting has the minimum of internal stresses.

Selon un mode préféré de l'invention, la pièce de tricot 6 se présente sous la forme d'une boucle fermée. Pour réaliser cette présentation, il suffit, après introduction de la pièce dans l'appareil 7 de traitement et après lui avoir fait suivre le trajet des différentes étapes du traitement, de rattacher au moyen d'une couture 8 les deux extrémités de ladite pièce.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the knitting piece 6 is in the form of a closed loop. To make this presentation, it suffices, after introduction of the part into the treatment apparatus 7 and after having made it follow the path of the different stages of treatment, to attach by means of a seam 8 the two ends of said part.

L'appareil 7 de traitement comprend l'élément mobile de projection 9, l'élément rigide 13 et des moyens 14 et 15 respectivement pour la circulation de l'air chaud et de la vapeur saturante.The treatment apparatus 7 comprises the movable projection element 9, the rigid element 13 and means 14 and 15 respectively for the circulation of hot air and saturated vapor.

L'élément mobile de projection9 est constitué d'un cylindre d'entraînement 10 capable de tourner à des vitesses importantes, jusqu'à 600 mètres par minute de vitesse périphérique, d'un cylindre de détour 11, monté fou sur son axe de rotation, et d'un tapis transporteur 12 entourant le cylindre d'entraînement 10 et le cylindre de détour 11.The movable projection element 9 consists of a drive cylinder 10 capable of rotating at high speeds, up to 600 meters per minute of peripheral speed, of a detour cylinder 11, mounted idly on its axis of rotation , and a conveyor belt 12 surrounding the drive cylinder 10 and the detour cylinder 11.

Le tapis transporteur comporte une surface présentant un coefficient de rugosité suffisante pour que la pièce de tricot soit entraînée sans glissement.The conveyor belt has a surface with a coefficient of roughness sufficient for the knitted piece to be driven without slipping.

L'élément rigide 13 est constitué par une plaque en tôle dont la surface est lisse et incurvée. Cette plaque est placée sous le tapis transporteur ; l'une de ses extrémités 16 est située à la hauteur du cylindre d'entraînement 10 et lui fait face, l'autre extrémité 17 est située au-delà du cylindre de détour 11. De la sorte la pièce de tricot provenant du tapis transporteur est projetée contre la plaque au niveau de l'extrémité 16, s'accumule sur ladite plaque 13 en plis successifs 18, qui glissent progressivement vers l'extrémité 17 où la pièce est entraînée vers le tapis transporteur 12 au droit du cylindre de détour 11.The rigid element 13 is constituted by a sheet metal plate whose surface is smooth and curved. This plate is placed under the conveyor belt; one of its ends 16 is located at the height of the drive cylinder 10 and faces it, the other end 17 is located beyond the detour cylinder 11. In this way the piece of knitted fabric coming from the conveyor belt is projected against the plate at the end 16, accumulates on said plate 13 in successive folds 18, which slide progressively towards the end 17 where the part is driven towards the conveyor belt 12 in line with the detour cylinder 11 .

L'élément mobile 9 et l'élément rigide 13 sont positionnés l'un par rapport à l'autre de manière à optimiser le traitement de relaxation. D'une part, l'extrémité supérieure 16 de la plaque 13 est située à une distance du cylindre d'entraînement lO telle que la projection du tricot contre la plaque soit suffisante - ce que l'expérience détermine facilement - et que la pièce puisse se déposer en plis sur la plaque. La longueur de pièce comprise entre la sortie du cylindre d'entraînement et le contact avec la plaque est,dans une application pratique, de l'ordre de 600 millimètres.The mobile element 9 and the rigid element 13 are positioned relative to each other so as to optimize the relaxation treatment. On the one hand, the upper end 16 of the plate 13 is located at a distance from the drive cylinder 10 such that the projection of the knitted fabric against the plate is sufficient - which experience easily determines - and the part can lay in folds on the baking sheet. The length of part between the output of the drive cylinder and the contact with the plate is, in practical application, of the order of 600 millimeters.

D'autre part, l'extrémité inférieure 17 de la plaque 13 est située à une distance du cylindre de détour 11 telle que la tension créée par l'appel de la pièce de tricot par le tapis transporteur soit la plus faible possible. La longueur de pièce entre l'accumulation sur la plaque 13 et le contact avec le tapis transporteur est,dans une application pratique, de l'ordre de 800 millimètres.On the other hand, the lower end 17 of the plate 13 is located at a distance from the detour cylinder 11 such that the tension created by the call of the knitted piece by the conveyor belt is as low as possible. The length of piece between the accumulation on the plate 13 and the contact with the conveyor belt is, in a practical application, of the order of 800 millimeters.

La plaque en tôle 13 est perforée pour permettre la circulation de l'air chaud ou de la vapeur saturante, au travers du tricot. Les perforations sont réalisées en sorte que le tricot n'accroche pas sur la plaque, elles sont donc du genre repoussé ou à l'emporte-pièce comme cela est repésenté à la figure 4.The sheet metal plate 13 is perforated to allow the circulation of hot air or saturated steam, through the knitted fabric. The perforations are made so that the knitted fabric does not catch on the plate, they are therefore of the repoussé or punch-type type as shown in FIG. 4.

L'appareil 7 de traitement comporte des moyens connus de production et de circulation d'air chaud ; cet air est réchauffé dans l'échangeur 19 et propulsé par la turbine 20 pour être envoyé dans la chambre de traitement proprement dite à sa partie inférieure. L'air chaud re- nonte à travers les perforations de la plaque et/ou sur Les côtés de ladite plaque, et vient au contact de la pièce de tricot pendant que celle-ci se déplace sur le tapis transporteur et sur la plaque. Après quoi, l'air qui s'est légèrement refroidi et qui a pris de l'humidité si la pièce était humide est dirigé vers l'échangeur 19. l'air est donc recyclé pendant tout le traitement.The treatment apparatus 7 comprises known means for producing and circulating hot air; this air is heated in the exchanger 19 and propelled by the turbine 20 to be sent to the treatment chamber proper at its lower part. The hot air rises through the perforations of the plate and / or on the sides of said plate, and comes into contact with the piece of knitted fabric as it travels on the conveyor belt and on the plate. After which, the air which has cooled slightly and which has taken up humidity if the room was wet is directed towards the exchanger 19. the air is therefore recycled during the whole treatment.

L'appareil 7 de traitement comporte des moyens connus de production et de circulation de vapeur saturante. 11 peut s'agir notamment de rampes 21 de vaporisage, alimentées par la vapeur fournie par un générateur de vapeur non représenté.The treatment apparatus 7 comprises known means for producing and circulating saturated vapor. 11 may especially be vaporization ramps 21, supplied by the steam supplied by a steam generator not shown.

Dans les exemples suivants, l'installation utilisée présente les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • - Diamètre du cylindre d'entrainement : 560 nillimètres
  • - Diamètre du cylindre de détour : 90 milli- nêtres
  • - Distances de la ligne de projection du tricot sur la plaque :
    • . 500 millimètres du plan vertical passant par l'axe du cylindre d'entraînement ;
    • . 540 millimètres du plan horizontal passant par l'axe du cylindre d'entraînement
  • - distance de la plaque à l'axe du cylindre de détour, mesurée dans le plan vertical passant par cet axe : 840 millimètres
  • - Vitesse périphérique du cylindre d'entraînement : 120 mètres par minute
  • - Tapis transporteur constitué par un complexe comprenant une toile coton et un tricot Jacquard en polyester, tous deux sont assemblés grâce à une mousse de polyuréthane selon la technique dite de "foamage"
  • - La température de l'air chaud à l'entrée dans la chambre de traitement est de 75°C.
In the following examples, the installation used has the following characteristics:
  • - Diameter of the drive cylinder: 560 nillimeters
  • - Detour cylinder diameter: 90 millimeters
  • - Distances from the knitting projection line on the plate:
    • . 500 millimeters from the vertical plane passing through the axis of the drive cylinder;
    • . 540 millimeters from the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the drive cylinder
  • - distance from the plate to the axis of the detour cylinder, measured in the vertical plane passing through this axis: 840 millimeters
  • - Peripheral speed of the drive cylinder: 120 meters per minute
  • - Conveyor belt consisting of a complex comprising a cotton canvas and a polyester Jacquard knit, both are assembled using a polyurethane foam according to the so-called "foamage" technique
  • - The temperature of the hot air entering the treatment chamber is 75 ° C.

Exemple 1Example 1

Sur l'installation décrite précédemment, on traite un tricot au molleton, pesant 327 grammes au mètre carré, ce tricot a été réalisé à partir des trois constituants suivants :

  • - Un fil de fond en polyamide texturé 81,9 x 2 décitex, chacun de ces deux brins comprenant 17 filaments. La longueur du fil absorbé pour cent mailles est de 44,6 centimètres
  • - Un fil d'attache en polyamide texturé 81,3 x 1 décitex, comprenant 17 filaments. La longueur de fil absorbé par cent mailles est de 43,2 centimètres
  • - Un fil de molleton en coton 48,4 x 1 tex. La longueur de fil absorbé par cent mailles est de 17,4 centimètres
On the installation described above, we treat a fleece knit, weighing 327 grams per square meter, this knit was made from the following three constituents:
  • - A bottom thread in textured polyamide 81.9 x 2 decitex, each of these two strands comprising 17 filaments. The length of the absorbed wire per hundred mesh is 44.6 centimeters
  • - A 81.3 x 1 decitex textured polyamide tie, comprising 17 filaments. The length of absorbed wire per hundred mesh is 43.2 centimeters
  • - A cotton fleece thread 48.4 x 1 tex. The length of absorbed wire per hundred mesh is 17.4 centimeters

Préalablement au traitement de relaxation, la pièce de tricot a été blanchie, adoucie en barque, puis essorée par un essorage centrifuge. Elle est introduite dans l'installation à l'état humide, contenant environ 40 % d'humidité résiduelle par rapport à son poids sec.Prior to the relaxation treatment, the knitted piece was bleached, softened in a boat, then wrung by a centrifugal spin. It is introduced into the installation in the wet state, containing approximately 40% residual moisture relative to its dry weight.

Ce tricot molleton est traité selon le procédé de l'invention pendant 45 minutes. Une pièce de ce tricot est traitée, le molleton étant à l'intérieur de la pièce, qui ayant été tricotée sur métier circulaire se présente sous la forme d'un boyau tubulaire ; les pourcentages de retraits potentiels obtenus sont de 4,4% dans le sens colonnes et de - 0,7% dans le sens rangées. Une autre pièce du même tricot est traitée, le molleton étant à l'extérieur de la pièce ; les pourcentages de retraits potentiels sont de 2,9 % dans le sens colonnes et de - 1,9 % dans le sens rangées.This fleece knit is treated according to the method of the invention for 45 minutes. A piece of this knitting is treated, the fleece being inside the piece, which having been knitted on a circular loom is in the form of a tubular hose; for the the potential withdrawal percentages obtained are 4.4% in the column direction and - 0.7% in the row direction. Another piece of the same knit is treated, the fleece being outside the piece; the percentages of potential withdrawals are 2.9% in the column direction and - 1.9% in the row direction.

Cette différence s'explique très bien du fait que dans le second cas, les fils de molleton viennent directement en contact de la plaque rigide lors de la projection de la pièce sur ladite plaque : l'énergie procurée vient s'opposer aux forces de frottement desdits fils de molleton, qui peuvent ainsi plus facilement glisser les uns sur les autres.This difference is very well explained by the fact that in the second case, the fleece threads come directly into contact with the rigid plate when the part is projected onto said plate: the energy provided comes to oppose the friction forces said fleece yarns, which can thus more easily slide over one another.

Les retraits ou allongements potentiels sont mesurés sur une machine à relaxer de laboratoire, dans des conditions opératoires telles que les dimensions obtenues représentent l'optimum de relaxation.The shrinkages or potential elongations are measured on a laboratory relaxer machine, under operating conditions such that the dimensions obtained represent the optimum relaxation.

Sur la pièce de tricot molleton, on a mesuré l'épaisseur moyenne avant et après le traitement de relaxation, pour déterminer l'accroissement du gonflant. Ces mesures d'épaisseur sont réalisées sur un appareil automatique sous des charges différentes. Sous un gramme par centimètre carré de pression, l'épaisseur du molleton est de 2,27 avant traitement et de 2,38 après traitement ; sous 10 grammes par centimètre carré de pression, l'épaisseur est de 1,92 avant et de 2,02 après traitement de relaxation. Le gain de gonflant est de l'ordre de 5 %.On the piece of fleece, the average thickness was measured before and after the relaxation treatment, to determine the increase in the bulge. These thickness measurements are carried out on an automatic device under different loads. Under one gram per square centimeter of pressure, the thickness of the fleece is 2.27 before treatment and 2.38 after treatment; under 10 grams per square centimeter of pressure, the thickness is 1.92 before and 2.02 after relaxation treatment. The bulking gain is around 5%.

Exemple 2Example 2

Le même tricot molleton a subi un pré-traitement de grattage avant d'être introduit à l'état sec dans l'installation de relaxation où il est traité d'abord en présence de vapeur saturante pendant 10 minutes puis par l'air chaud à 75°C pendant 10 minutes.The same fleece knitted underwent a pre-scraping treatment before being introduced in the dry state into the relaxation installation where it is treated first in the presence of saturated steam for 10 minutes and then with hot air to 75 ° C for 10 minutes.

Les pourcentages de retraits potentiels obtenus sont de 5 % dans le sens colonnes et de 0,5 % dans le sens rangées.The percentages of potential withdrawals obtained are 5% in the column direction and 0.5% in the row direction.

Exemple 3Example 3

Sur-l'installation, on traite un tricot bouclette pesant 288 grammes au mètre carré, le tricot a été réalisé à partir de 2 constituants suivants :

  • - Un fil de fond en polyamide texturé 82,5 x 1 décitex comprenant 17 filaments. La longueur du fil absorbé par cent mailles est de 35,7 centimètres.
  • - Un fil de bouclette en coton 16,4 x 1 tex. La longueur du fil absorbé par cent mailles est de 75 centimètres.
On the installation, a loop knit weighing 288 grams per square meter is treated, knitting was made from the following 2 constituents:
  • - A bottom thread in textured polyamide 82.5 x 1 decitex comprising 17 filaments. The length of the absorbed wire per hundred mesh is 35.7 centimeters.
  • - A cotton loop thread 16.4 x 1 tex. The length of the absorbed wire per hundred mesh is 75 centimeters.

Sortie de métier la pièce a été blanchie, adoucie en barque, puis essorée par un essorage centrifuge. Elle est introduite dans l'installation à l'état humide, contenant environ 40 % d'humidité résiduelle par rapport à son poids sec.Leaving the loom, the piece was whitened, softened in a boat, and then wrung out by a centrifugal spin. It is introduced into the installation in the wet state, containing approximately 40% residual moisture relative to its dry weight.

Ce tricot bouclette est traité selon le procédé de l'invention pendant 45 minutes. Une pièce de ce tricot est traitée, la bouclette étant à l'intérieur de la pièce qui a la forme d'un boyau tubulaire. Les pourcentages de retraits potentiels sont de 4,8% dans le sens colonnes et de - 3,1 % dans le sens rangées. Une autre pièce du même tricot est traitée, la bouclette étant à l'extérieur de la pièce ; les pourcentages de retraits potentiels sont de 4,5 % dans le sens colonnes et de - 1,8 % dans le sens rangées.This loop knit is treated according to the method of the invention for 45 minutes. A piece of this knitted fabric is treated, the loop being inside the piece which has the shape of a tubular hose. The percentages of potential withdrawals are 4.8% in the column direction and - 3.1% in the row direction. Another piece of the same knit is treated, the loop being outside the piece; the percentages of potential withdrawals are 4.5% in the column direction and - 1.8% in the row direction.

La présentation des bouclettes à l'extérieur donne, comme dans le cas du molleton, des résultats meilleurs.The presentation of the loops on the outside gives, as in the case of fleece, better results.

Les mesures de l'épaisseur, sous un gramme par centimètre carré, sont de 1,63 pour le tricot bouclette avant traitement et de 2,47 après traitement. Sous dix grammes par centimètre carré, elles sont de 1,36 avant et de 2,13 après traitement. Le gain de gonflant est supérieur à 50 %.The thickness measurements, under one gram per square centimeter, are 1.63 for terry knitwear before treatment and 2.47 after treatment. Under ten grams per square centimeter, they are 1.36 before and 2.13 after treatment. The bulking gain is greater than 50%.

Exemple 4Example 4

Le même tricot bouclette que celui référencé à l'exemple 3 a subi un pré-traitement de rasage, avant d'être introduit à l'état sec dans l'installation de relaxation où il est traité d'abord en présence de vapeur saturante pendant 10 minutes puis par l'air chaud à 75°C pendant 10 minutes. Les pourcentages de retraits potentiels obtenus sont de 5,4 % dans le sens colonnes et - 2,7 % dans le sens rangées.The same loop knitting as that referenced in Example 3 underwent a shaving pre-treatment, before being introduced in the dry state into the relaxation installation where it is first treated in the presence of saturated steam for 10 minutes then with hot air at 75 ° C for 10 minutes. The percentages of potential withdrawals obtained are 5.4% in the column direction and -2.7% in the row direction.

Exemple 5Example 5

On a enfin réalisé des essais comparatifs entre différents matériels de relaxation existants, à partir d'un même tricot côte 1 et 1 standard, ayant subi un traitement humide puis un essorage, dans les mêmes conditions. Les résultats de retraits potentiels obtenus après traitement de relaxation ont confirmé l'efficacité du procédé de l'invention par rapport aux techniques connues, pour ce qui est de la stabilité dimensionnelle.Finally, comparative tests were carried out between different existing relaxation materials, using the same standard knit fabric 1 and 1, having undergone a wet treatment then a spin, under the same conditions. The results of potential withdrawals obtained after relaxation treatment have confirmed the effectiveness of the process of the invention with respect to known techniques, with regard to dimensional stability.

La figure 5 représente un second mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention. Le tricot 6 est entraîné par le tapis transporteur 12 tournant sur les rouleaux 10 et 11. Un second tapis 22 passant autour des rouleaux 23,24 peut être superposé au premier tapis 12 pour assurer un meilleur entraînement du tricot, exempt de glissements et déformations. Alternativement, on peut prévoir un rouleau presseur coopérant avec le tapis 12.FIG. 5 represents a second embodiment of the device of the invention. The knitted fabric 6 is driven by the conveyor belt 12 rotating on the rollers 10 and 11. A second carpet 22 passing around the rollers 23, 24 can be superimposed on the first carpet 12 to ensure better training of the knitted fabric, free from slipping and deformation. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a pressure roller cooperating with the belt 12.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, l'élément rigide 13' est constitué de plusieurs sous-ensembles : l'extrémité supérieure est çonstituée par un fronton de réception 16' contre lequel le tricot se projette.In this embodiment, the rigid element 13 ′ is made up of several sub-assemblies: the upper end is formed by a receiving pediment 16 ′ against which the knitted fabric projects.

En dessous-du fronton 16', un élément de transition 25 forme avec un guide 26 en vis-à-vis une cheminée dans laquelle le tricot qui tombe du fronton sous l'effet de son propre poids, peut venir s'entasser en plus ou moins grande quantité de telle sorte qu'il pousse vers le bas le tricot stocké sur le plan incliné formant la partie centrale de l'élément rigide 13'.Below the pediment 16 ′, a transition element 25 forms with a guide 26 opposite a chimney in which the knitted fabric which falls from the pediment under the effect of its own weight, can pile up in more or less quantity so that it pushes down the knitted fabric stored on the inclined plane forming the central part of the rigid element 13 '.

Au bout du plan incliné, se trouve un point bas suivi d'une tôle plane ou galbée au choix 17', laquelle se termine par un élément quasi vertical 27 empêchant le tricot de glisser en dehors du système.At the end of the inclined plane, there is a low point followed by a flat or curved sheet metal of choice 17 ′, which ends in an almost vertical element 27 preventing the knitting from slipping out of the system.

En agissant sur la plaque 17', en la remontant ou en l'abaissant, on peut freiner le tricot arrivant au bas du plan incliné de manière à équilibrer l'action de la cheminée 25-26, du plan incliné, et de la plaque 17'.By acting on the plate 17 ', by raising or lowering it, one can slow down the knitting arriving at the bottom of the inclined plane so as to balance the action of the chimney 25-26, of the inclined plane, and of the plate 17 '.

Pour régler la plaque 17', on peut jouer sur sa flexibilité ou préférablement prévoir en 28 une articulation à cet effet.To adjust the plate 17 ', one can play on its flexibility or preferably provide at 28 an articulation for this purpose.

Claims (13)

1. Procédé de relaxation de pièces de tricot (6) mettant en oeuvre l'humidité, la chaleur et l'agitation du tricot, cette dernière étant suivie d'une accumulation sans tension du tricot sur un support rigide (13), caractérisé en ce que l'agitation du tricot est réalisée par la projection du tricot (6), défilant à grande vitesse, contre le support rigide (13).1. Method for relaxing knitted pieces (6) using moisture, heat and agitation of the knitted fabric, the latter being followed by a tensionless accumulation of the knitted fabric on a rigid support (13), characterized in that the knitting is agitated by projecting the knitting (6), scrolling at high speed, against the rigid support (13). 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, carac- térisé en ce que la pièce de tricot (6) a la forme d'une boucle fermée.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the knitting piece (6) has the shape of a closed loop. 3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise la projection du tricot en entraînant, par friction et sans glissement, le tricot à l'aide d'un élément mobile de projection (9) dans la zone de sortie duquel le tricot (6) est projeté contre une zone de réception du support (13), située à proximité de la zone de sortie de l'élément de projection (9) et sensiblement transversale à la direction de projection.3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the projection of the knitted fabric is carried out by driving, by friction and without sliding, the knitted fabric using a movable projection element (9) in the exit zone from which the knitted fabric (6) is projected against a support reception zone (13), located near the exit zone of the projection element (9) and substantially transverse to the direction of projection. 4. Dispositif de relaxation de pièces de tricot, comportant des moyens(19, 20, 21) pour apporter au contact du tricot de la chaleur et, le cas échéant, de l'humidité, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un élément mobile de projection (9) sur lequel le tricot (6) se déplace à grande vitesse et dans la zone de sortie duquel le tricot (6) est projeté, et un élément rigide (13) contre lequel le tricot (6) est projeté et s'accumule sans tension après avoir été projeté.4. Relaxation device for knitted pieces, comprising means (19, 20, 21) for bringing heat and, if necessary, moisture into contact with the knitted fabric, characterized in that it comprises a movable element projection (9) on which the knitted fabric (6) moves at high speed and in the exit zone from which the knitted fabric (6) is projected, and a rigid element (13) against which the knitted fabric (6) is projected and s accumulates without tension after being projected. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément mobile de projection (9) est constitué d'un tapis transporteur (12), entourant deux cylindres (11,10) dont au moins un cylindre d'entraînement (10).5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the mobile projection element (9) consists of a conveyor belt (12), surrounding two cylinders (11,10) including at least one drive cylinder (10 ). 6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse d'en- trainement du tricot peut atteindre 600 mètres par minute.6. Device according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the knitting entrainment speed can reach 600 meters per minute. 7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément rigide (13) est une plaque fixe dont la surface est incurvée et qui est située en dessous de l'élément mobile de projection (9).7. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the rigid element (13) is a fixed plate whose surface is curved and which is located below the movable projection element (9) . 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la plaque fixe est en tôle perforée, lesdites perforations autorisant le passage de l'air chaud ou de la vapeur à travers le tricot (6).8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the fixed plate is made of perforated sheet, said perforations allowing the passage of hot air or steam through the knitted fabric (6). 9. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 et l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractéri- sé en ce que l'extrémité supérieure (16) de la plaque fixe (13) est située à proximité de l'extrémité (10) du tapis transporteur (12) d'où est projeté le tricot (6).9. Device according to claim 5 and any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the upper end (16) of the fixed plate (13) is located near the end (10) of the conveyor belt (12) from which the knitted fabric (6) is projected. 10. Dispositif selon la revendication 5 et l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité inférieure (17) de la plaque fixe (13) est située à proximité de l'extrémité (11) du tapis transporteur (12) vers où est prélevé le tricot (6).10. Device according to claim 5 and any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the lower end (17) of the fixed plate (13) is located near the end (11) of the conveyor belt (12) towards where the knitting is taken (6). 11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un échangeur (19) pour réchauffer l'air et une turbine (20) pour propulser l'air chaud vers le tricot.11. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that it comprises an exchanger (19) for heating the air and a turbine (20) for propelling the hot air towards the knitted fabric. 12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des rampes de vaporisage (21) pour apporter de la vapeur saturante au contact du tricot.12. Device according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that it comprises spraying ramps (21) to provide saturated vapor in contact with the knitted fabric. 13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité inférieure(17') de l'élément rigide (13') est d'inclination réglable.13. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the lower end (17 ') of the rigid element (13') is of adjustable inclination.
EP82402013A 1981-11-04 1982-11-02 Method and apparatus for relaxing knitted fabrics Expired EP0078747B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8120690A FR2515709A1 (en) 1981-11-04 1981-11-04 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RELAXATION OF KNITTED PIECES
FR8120690 1981-11-04

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EP0078747A1 true EP0078747A1 (en) 1983-05-11
EP0078747B1 EP0078747B1 (en) 1986-02-26

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US (1) US4773133A (en)
EP (1) EP0078747B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58132160A (en)
DE (1) DE3269459D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8307946A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2515709A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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EP0107002A2 (en) * 1982-09-25 1984-05-02 FLEISSNER Maschinenfabrik AG Method and apparatus for rendering a tubular textile material shrink-resistant
FR2613384A1 (en) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-07 Trikotagen K AERODYNAMIC COMPENSATION AND RELAXATION DEVICE FOR PLANAR SURFACES OF TEXTILE PRODUCTS

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DE3734278A1 (en) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-27 Ruckh Gerhard Maschf Process and apparatus for the shrinkage of knitted fabric
JPH0657904B2 (en) * 1989-01-06 1994-08-03 内外特殊染工株式会社 Non-woven fabric softening method
WO1991012363A1 (en) * 1990-02-15 1991-08-22 J.E. Morgan Knitting Mills, Inc. Treating fabric to retard flammability
ES2085981T5 (en) * 1991-09-21 2002-03-01 Solipat Ag PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR IMPROVING THE TOUCH AND SURFACE OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND POINT GENERATIONS BY URDIMBRE.
IT1290270B1 (en) * 1997-02-06 1998-10-22 Zonco Federico & Figlio FINISHING MACHINE FOR ROPE OR WIDE FABRICS
JP4540394B2 (en) * 2004-05-24 2010-09-08 畑野産業株式会社 Fabric elongation suppression processing method and shaped fabric
US7735342B1 (en) * 2004-06-22 2010-06-15 Highland Industries, Inc. Apparatus for forming an unbalanced, circular knit fabric and a coated fabric produced therefrom
DE102007053991A1 (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-14 Fleissner Gmbh Equipment treating material continuously with superheated steam, includes heat exchanger in extraction line for spent steam
IT1392227B1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2012-02-22 Biancalani S P A MACHINE AND METHOD FOR THE MECHANICAL AND THERMAL COMBINED TREATMENT OF FABRICS
ITPO20140011U1 (en) * 2014-09-09 2016-03-09 Biancalani Srl VIBRATOR SYSTEM FOR FABRIC TREATMENT

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FR2229798A2 (en) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-13 Inst Textile De France Relaxing knitted fabric by steam treatment - and advancing in pleated configurations on vibrating conveyor

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EP0107002A2 (en) * 1982-09-25 1984-05-02 FLEISSNER Maschinenfabrik AG Method and apparatus for rendering a tubular textile material shrink-resistant
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FR2613384A1 (en) * 1987-03-31 1988-10-07 Trikotagen K AERODYNAMIC COMPENSATION AND RELAXATION DEVICE FOR PLANAR SURFACES OF TEXTILE PRODUCTS

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ES517089A0 (en) 1983-08-01
JPS58132160A (en) 1983-08-06
EP0078747B1 (en) 1986-02-26
DE3269459D1 (en) 1986-04-03
FR2515709A1 (en) 1983-05-06
JPH0255544B2 (en) 1990-11-27
US4773133A (en) 1988-09-27
FR2515709B1 (en) 1985-03-22
ES8307946A1 (en) 1983-08-01

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