EP0077715B1 - Modulated dryer for drying grain - Google Patents

Modulated dryer for drying grain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0077715B1
EP0077715B1 EP82401860A EP82401860A EP0077715B1 EP 0077715 B1 EP0077715 B1 EP 0077715B1 EP 82401860 A EP82401860 A EP 82401860A EP 82401860 A EP82401860 A EP 82401860A EP 0077715 B1 EP0077715 B1 EP 0077715B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
dryer
columns
chamber
modules
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Expired
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EP82401860A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0077715A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Maurice
Bernard Vauthier
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Renault Techniques Nouvelles Appliquees
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Renault Techniques Nouvelles Appliquees
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Priority to AT82401860T priority Critical patent/ATE11954T1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/122—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the material moving through a cross-flow of drying gas; the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, consisting of substantially vertical, perforated walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular dryer for drying the grain, using the technique known as column drying and comprising a vertical flow of the grain under the effect of gravity, according to two distinct layers successively traversed by the air ensuring the drying, which flows along a horizontal path.
  • said second layer circulates slower than the first.
  • the dryer is made up of superimposed identical elements or modules, each module having its own ventilation means, as well as an individual device for adjusting the temperature of the hot air.
  • This modular design has the double advantage of allowing, from common elements, the realization of a range of very different power dryers by the variation of the number of modules, and also an individual adjustment of the flow and the temperature of the air at the level of each module, to obtain the most efficient drying with the lowest heat consumption at the different levels of the column, while respecting the limit heating of the grain beyond which the quality thereof could be altered.
  • the known apparatus comprises, at the base of the drying columns, a cooling zone composed of one or more modules similar to the drying modules but traversed by unheated atmospheric air, the grain cooling in this zone and its temperature becoming uniform at the same time as desiccation continues, without additional heat consumption.
  • the used air leaving all the modules including the cooling modules is collected, for all the columns by a common evacuation chamber constituted by a box surrounding these columns and provided with a pipe that returns the used air to the atmosphere.
  • Such a device fulfills its function well but nevertheless presents a certain number of defects; there is, in particular, significant condensations within the layers of grain being dried, due to the very active evaporation which takes place in the front part of the layer of grains and the temperature differences between the various levels of this layer. ; such condensations capture the dust conveyed by the drying air and clump the grain in the form of plugs which obstruct the passage of air and cause local overheating, with the risk of fire.
  • the object of the present invention is the production of a drying device of this kind, which does not have these drawbacks and which in particular allows increased efficiency, that is to say reduced consumption of fuel.
  • a modular dryer according to the invention for drying grains, in which the grain flows by gravity in the form of parallel sheets in vertical columns through which the drying air passes horizontally, this dryer being formed of superimposed modules each comprising elements of said columns and ventilation means, some further comprising means for adjusting the temperature of the drying air coming from a common air heater, the columns being arranged in two groups each comprising two adjoining columns, said dryer comprising at its lower part a hopper for evacuating the dried grain coming from said columns, the thickness of which in the drying module or modules placed at the top of the dryer is less than the columns located in the modules placed below which comprise respectively two fans, each fan supplying an air diffusion chamber disposed between the two columns of a group of columns, lesdite s chambers being in relation to a perforated wall of said columns, is characterized in that the diffusion chambers comprise vertical deflectors, and that the fact that the diffusion chambers comprise vertical deflectors, and that the opposite wall of these columns, also perforated, is in communication with a common chamber for discharging the used air
  • the dryer according to the invention in the embodiment described and shown is constituted in a manner known per se, by modules M, of generally parallelepiped shape, stacked on each other to form a tower (fig. 2); each of these modules M comprises column elements 12, 13, these elements during the superposition of the modules constituting two groups of two columns for the flow of the grain to be dried in the form of vertical parallel sheets.
  • one or more of the drying modules M located at the upper part of the dryer have column elements 13 of thickness thinner than that of the elements 12 of the lower modules (FIG. 1).
  • This arrangement tends to avoid condensations which might occur in the grain layers last crossed by the drying air due to the very active evaporation which occurs in the front part of the sheet on the one hand, and less heating of the grain in the rear part of this layer, on the other hand.
  • the dryer also has at its upper part one or more modules M 1 for introducing the grain and a cap C, constituting the dryer; in which is poured the grain to be dried, brought by conventional feeding means not shown, which then flows by gravity into the columns.
  • Each drying module M comprises two fans 1 for admitting the drying air into diffusion chambers 14 each associated with one of said fans and each arranged between the two columns of a group of columns.
  • the dryer also includes a heat generator 4 common to all the modules M (FIG. 2), an annular ring 7 channeling the cold air heated in contact with a central combustion chamber 8, in a dilution chamber 11 common to the different fans 1. Valves 5, 6 associated with these fans (FIG.
  • each column element 12, 13 is separated from the associated diffusion chamber 14 by an openwork partition allowing the passage of air and constituted by horizontal profiles forming louvers, inclined downward (FIG. 5) for distribute the hot air in the layer of beans.
  • vertical air deflectors 24 extend the edge of these louvers, these deflectors having the aim of regulating the admission of air, avoiding vortices and reducing, to the attack of the grain layer, the component of the speed of the air parallel to the axis of the chamber, known as the “longitudinal scanning component”.
  • both the vortices and a significant longitudinal sweep have the effect of causing a combustion of combustible dust and of increasing the risk of fire.
  • the spent air after having successively passed through the layers of grains, and the second wall 25, of the columns, also perforated, enters a discharge chamber 15 surrounding said columns and common to the various modules M (FIG. 1).
  • This chamber 15 is also common to one or more modules M 2 similar to the modules M and which arranged under these constitute the lower part of the dryer.
  • the modules M 2 if they include fans 1 and diffusion chambers 14, are not supplied with hot air, but only with cold air taken from outside and constitute the cooling zone of the dryer.
  • the dryer comprises a hopper 26 (FIGS. 1 and 2) into which the dried grain flows flowing from the columns 12, 13, said hopper also communicating with the exhaust air chamber 15 by openings 19 made, for each column, in the lower partition of this chamber.
  • the light particles which are expelled from the layer of grains by the drying air, more particularly at the time of the restarting of the fans, and which tend to be deposited on this lower partition, are carried along by the dry grain. during each drain. This prevents their accumulation in chamber 15.
  • the hopper 26 is provided with drain flaps 33.
  • a horizontal partition 16 separates the evacuation chamber 15 into two parts according to the direction of the height.
  • the lower part 15b of the chamber 15 which corresponds to the modules M 2 of the cooling zone and to the modules M located immediately above, is connected by pipes preferably insulated 17, to an area traversed by the flow fresh air before passing through the grain, and preferably at the outlet of the hot air generator ( Figures 3 and 4).
  • the used air coming from this lower part 15b of the chamber 15 is mixed with the fresh air.
  • a scraper (not shown) is advantageously provided for ridding the partition of this waste, this scraper consisting for example of a chain on which are scraped pallets, manually actuated from the outside of the dryer, without the need to stop the operation of it.
  • the scraper outlet layer is connected to a bagging mouth which collects the waste to be removed.
  • the invention provides a dustproof device.
  • This device consists of flaps 18 ( Figure 4) controlled by a cylinder 27 and arranged at the inlet of the conduits 17 in the lower part of the evacuation chamber.
  • the timer controlling the emptying of the grain also acts on said flaps to block any air circulation in the lower part of the dryer, with simultaneous shutdown of the fans.
  • a safety device prohibits emptying until the shutters 18 are closed.
  • the invention also provides, according to FIG. 4, for placing in the dryer a heat exchanger such as 20, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, advantageously of the type known as “with plates and crossed currents •.
  • This exchanger 20 places very humid and still hot spent air in thermal contact, for example at a temperature between 40 and 45 ° C., before discharge into the atmosphere, with the cooler incoming fresh air.
  • This incoming air preheated for example to a temperature of 30-35 ° C, is transferred to the air heater 4 by a pipe 21 under the action of a fan 22 ( Figure 3).
  • a recycling circuit comprising a pipe 30, preferably insulated, joining the inlet pipe of the main circuit to the outlet pipe 21 of this circuit by bridging both the exchanger 20 and the fan 22, whose flow is adjusted so as to exceed that required for supplying the dryer with fresh air.
  • the excess flow thus created is, under the effect of the suppression prevailing in the pipe, returned to the fresh air inlet pipe and will therefore be sucked back into the exchanger, undergoing a new heating. Partial recycling of the fresh air is thus obtained through the exchanger.
  • the outgoing waste air is practically saturated with humidity and during its passage through the exchanger 20 it cools, causing a partial condensation of this humidity on the plates of the exchanger, on which part of the dust contained in the outgoing air will tend to stick.
  • the exchanger plates will be arranged vertically and the circulation of the used air between these plates will be done vertically from top to bottom. The water polluted by dust and various wastes will thus be driven down, collected in a tank and finally evacuated by an appropriate pipe.
  • the exchanger will advantageously include in its upper box, pressure water spraying ramps which will be actuated intermittently, to clean the surface of the plates without having to carry out any disassembly.
  • FIG. 4 shows the temperatures of the incoming and outgoing air recorded during a test, in the various modules, both for drying and for cooling, of a dryer according to the invention comprising ten modules in all.
  • dryers according to the invention comprising a different number of modules, for example between 4 and 16 modules without this being limiting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un séchoir modulaire pour le séchage du grain, utilisant la technique dite du séchage en colonnes et comportant un écoulement vertical du grain sous l'effet de la gravité, selon deux nappes distinctes traversées successivement par l'air assurant le séchage, qui circule selon un trajet horizontal. Pour compenser le fait que l'air traversant la deuxième nappe est déjà partiellement humidifié et refroidi par le passage dans la première, ce qui engendre un séchage moins rapide, ladite deuxième nappe circule moins vite que la première.The present invention relates to a modular dryer for drying the grain, using the technique known as column drying and comprising a vertical flow of the grain under the effect of gravity, according to two distinct layers successively traversed by the air ensuring the drying, which flows along a horizontal path. To compensate for the fact that the air passing through the second layer is already partially humidified and cooled by the passage in the first, which generates slower drying, said second layer circulates slower than the first.

Dans un dispositif connu par la publication FR-A-2 272 354 mettant en oeuvre cette technique de séchage, deux colonnes de séchage sont juxtaposées pour former un groupe, et le séchoir comporte deux groupes placés côte à côte.In a device known from the publication FR-A-2 272 354 implementing this drying technique, two drying columns are juxtaposed to form a group, and the dryer comprises two groups placed side by side.

Dans ce même dispositif connu, le séchoir est composé d'éléments ou modules identiques superposés, chaque module comportant ses propres moyens de ventilation, ainsi qu'un dispositif individuel de réglage de la température de l'air chaud. Cette conception modulaire présente le double avantage de permettre, à partir d'éléments communs, la réalisation d'une gamme de séchoirs de puissance très différente par la variation du nombre de modules, et aussi un ajustage individuel du débit et de la température de l'air au niveau de chaque module, pour obtenir le séchage le plus efficace avec la consommation de chaleur la plus réduite aux différents niveaux de la colonne, tout en respectant l'échauffement limite du grain au-delà duquel la qualité de celui-ci pourrait être altérée.In this same known device, the dryer is made up of superimposed identical elements or modules, each module having its own ventilation means, as well as an individual device for adjusting the temperature of the hot air. This modular design has the double advantage of allowing, from common elements, the realization of a range of very different power dryers by the variation of the number of modules, and also an individual adjustment of the flow and the temperature of the air at the level of each module, to obtain the most efficient drying with the lowest heat consumption at the different levels of the column, while respecting the limit heating of the grain beyond which the quality thereof could be altered.

Dans le dispositif de séchage connu, il est fait usage d'un réchauffeur d'air unique produisant de l'air chaud pour l'ensemble du séchoir, à une température supérieure à celle que l'on désire obtenir pour l'air de séchage, cet air chaud étant ensuite dilué séparément avec de l'air froid dans des caissons de dilution attenant à chacun des modules. On réduit ainsi le nombre des sources de chaleur et, de ce fait, le coût de l'appareil.In the known drying device, use is made of a single air heater producing hot air for the whole of the dryer, at a temperature higher than that which it is desired to obtain for the drying air. , this hot air then being diluted separately with cold air in dilution boxes adjoining each of the modules. This reduces the number of heat sources and, therefore, the cost of the device.

L'appareil connu comporte, à la base des colonnes de séchage, une zone de refroidissement composée d'un ou plusieurs modules analogues aux modules de séchage mais traversés par de l'air atmosphérique non réchauffé, le grain se refroidissant dans cette zone et sa température s'uniformisant en même temps que se poursuit la dessication, sans consommation de chaleur additionnelle.The known apparatus comprises, at the base of the drying columns, a cooling zone composed of one or more modules similar to the drying modules but traversed by unheated atmospheric air, the grain cooling in this zone and its temperature becoming uniform at the same time as desiccation continues, without additional heat consumption.

Dans le dispositif de l'art antérieur, l'air usé sortant de tout les modules y compris les modules de refroidissement, est collecté, pour toutes les colonnes par une chambre d'évacuation commune constituée par un caisson entourant ces colonnes et munie d'une canalisation qui renvoie l'air usé à l'atmosphère.In the device of the prior art, the used air leaving all the modules including the cooling modules, is collected, for all the columns by a common evacuation chamber constituted by a box surrounding these columns and provided with a pipe that returns the used air to the atmosphere.

Un tel dispositif remplit bien sa fonction mais présente cependant un certain nombre de défauts ; il se produit notamment des condensations importantes au sein des couches de grain en cours de séchage, en raison de l'évaporation très active qui a lieu dans la partie frontale de la nappe de grains et des différences de température entre les divers niveaux de cette nappe ; de telles condensations captent les poussières véhiculées par l'air de séchage et agglutinent le grain sous forme de bouchons qui obstruent le passage de l'air et engendrent des surchauffes locales, avec risque d'incendie.Such a device fulfills its function well but nevertheless presents a certain number of defects; there is, in particular, significant condensations within the layers of grain being dried, due to the very active evaporation which takes place in the front part of the layer of grains and the temperature differences between the various levels of this layer. ; such condensations capture the dust conveyed by the drying air and clump the grain in the form of plugs which obstruct the passage of air and cause local overheating, with the risk of fire.

Un autre risque d'incendie, dans ce dispositif connu, résulte d'un entraînement possible de poussières combustibles sous l'effet de tourbillons de l'air chaud admis au contact de la nappe de grains, et aussi de l'existence dans ce flux d'air chaud d'une composante de vitesse de balayage, c'est-à-dire parallèle au plan d'écoulement du grain parfois trop importante.Another fire risk, in this known device, results from a possible entrainment of combustible dust under the effect of eddies of hot air admitted into contact with the sheet of grains, and also from the existence in this flow. hot air with a scanning speed component, that is to say parallel to the grain flow plane which is sometimes too large.

Enfin, il existe une perte importante de chaleur due au rejet pur et simple dans l'atmosphère de l'air encore chaud ayant traversé les nappes de grain.Finally, there is a significant loss of heat due to the pure and simple rejection into the atmosphere of the still hot air having passed through the layers of grain.

La présente invention a pour objet la réalisation d'un dispositif de séchage de ce genre, ne présentant pas ces inconvénients et permettant notamment un rendement accru, c'est-à-dire une consommation réduite en combustible.The object of the present invention is the production of a drying device of this kind, which does not have these drawbacks and which in particular allows increased efficiency, that is to say reduced consumption of fuel.

Un séchoir modulaire selon l'invention, pour le séchage de grains, dans lequel le grain s'écoule par gravité sous forme de nappes parallèles dans des colonnes verticales que traverse horizontalement l'air de séchage, ce séchoir étant formé de modules superposés comportant chacun des éléments desdites colonnes et des moyens de ventilation, certains comportant en outre des moyens de réglage de la température de l'air de séchage provenant d'un réchauffeur d'air commun, les colonnes étant disposées en deux groupes comportant chacun deux colonnes accolées, le dit séchoir comportant à sa partie inférieure une trémie d'évacuation du grain séché provenant desdites colonnes, dont l'épaisseur dans le ou les modules de séchage disposés en haut du séchoir est inférieure aux colonnes situées dans les modules placés au-dessous qui comportent respectivement deux ventilateurs, chaque ventilateur alimentant une chambre de diffusion d'air disposée entre les deux colonnes d'un groupe de colonnes, lesdites chambres étant en relation avec une paroi ajourée desdites colonnes, est caractérisé par le fait que les chambres de diffusion comportent des déflecteurs verticaux, et que le fait que les chambres de diffusion comportent des déflecteurs verticaux, et que la paroi opposée de ces colonnes, également ajourée, est en communication avec une chambre commune d'évacuation de l'air usé ayant servi au séchage du grain, ladite chambre étant en relation avec la trémie par des ouvertures ménagées à la partie inférieure de cette chambre.A modular dryer according to the invention, for drying grains, in which the grain flows by gravity in the form of parallel sheets in vertical columns through which the drying air passes horizontally, this dryer being formed of superimposed modules each comprising elements of said columns and ventilation means, some further comprising means for adjusting the temperature of the drying air coming from a common air heater, the columns being arranged in two groups each comprising two adjoining columns, said dryer comprising at its lower part a hopper for evacuating the dried grain coming from said columns, the thickness of which in the drying module or modules placed at the top of the dryer is less than the columns located in the modules placed below which comprise respectively two fans, each fan supplying an air diffusion chamber disposed between the two columns of a group of columns, lesdite s chambers being in relation to a perforated wall of said columns, is characterized in that the diffusion chambers comprise vertical deflectors, and that the fact that the diffusion chambers comprise vertical deflectors, and that the opposite wall of these columns, also perforated, is in communication with a common chamber for discharging the used air used for drying the grain, said chamber being in relation to the hopper by openings made in the lower part of this chamber.

Les caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront d'ailleurs mieux de la description suivante, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1 à 3 illustrent schématiquement une forme de réalisation du séchoir selon l'invention, respectivement en coupe longitudinale selon un plan vertical, en élévation et en coupe transversale selon un plan horizontal ;
  • la figure 4 illustre schématiquement un dispositif de recyclage d'une partie de l'air usé, équipant le séchoir selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'une chambre de diffusion de l'air de séchage dans une nappe de grains et montre notamment des déflecteurs de régularisation de l'admission d'air vers la face frontale des nappes de grains.
The characteristics and advantages of the invention will moreover emerge better from the following description, given solely by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figures 1 to 3 schematically illustrate an embodiment of the dryer according to the invention, respectively in longitudinal section along a vertical plane, in elevation and in cross section along a horizontal plane;
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a device for recycling part of the spent air, equipping the dryer according to the invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a chamber for diffusing the drying air in a sheet of grains and shows in particular deflectors for regulating the admission of air to the front face of the sheets of grains.

Le séchoir selon l'invention dans la forme de réalisation décrite et représentée est constitué de manière connue en soi, par des modules M, de forme générale parallélépipédique, empilés les uns sur les autres pour former une tour (fig. 2) ; chacun de ces modules M comporte des éléments de colonnes 12,13, ces éléments lors de la superposition des modules constituant deux groupes de deux colonnes pour l'écoulement du grain à sécher sous forme de nappes parallèles verticales.The dryer according to the invention in the embodiment described and shown is constituted in a manner known per se, by modules M, of generally parallelepiped shape, stacked on each other to form a tower (fig. 2); each of these modules M comprises column elements 12, 13, these elements during the superposition of the modules constituting two groups of two columns for the flow of the grain to be dried in the form of vertical parallel sheets.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, un ou plusieurs des modules M de séchage situés à la partie supérieure du séchoir présentent des éléments de colonne 13 d'épaisseur plus faible que celle des éléments 12 des modules inférieurs (fig. 1 ).According to a characteristic of the invention, one or more of the drying modules M located at the upper part of the dryer have column elements 13 of thickness thinner than that of the elements 12 of the lower modules (FIG. 1).

Cette disposition tend à éviter les condensations qui risqueraient de se produire dans les couches de grain traversées en dernier par l'air de séchage en raison de l'évaporation très active qui se produit dans la partie frontale de la nappe d'une part, et de l'échauffement moindre du grain dans la partie arrière de cette nappe, d'autre part.This arrangement tends to avoid condensations which might occur in the grain layers last crossed by the drying air due to the very active evaporation which occurs in the front part of the sheet on the one hand, and less heating of the grain in the rear part of this layer, on the other hand.

De telles condensations, on l'a déjà souligné, par les bouchons et obstructions qu'elles entraînent peuvent être la cause de surchauffe locale et d'incendie.As has already been pointed out, such condensations can cause local overheating and fire by the plugs and obstructions they cause.

Ces risques sont ici évités. Le séchoir comporte également à sa partie supérieure un ou plusieurs modules M1 d'introduction du grain et un chapeau C, constituant le faite du séchoir ; dans lequel est déversé le grain à sécher, amené par des moyens d'alimentation conventionnels non représentés, qui s'écoule ensuite par gravité dans les colonnes. Chaque module de séchage M comporte deux ventilateurs 1 pour l'admission de l'air de séchage dans des chambres de diffusion 14 associées chacune à un desdits ventilateurs et disposées chacune entre les deux colonnes d'un groupe de colonnes. Le séchoir comprend également un générateur de chaleur 4 commun à tous les modules M (figure 2), une virole annulaire 7 canalisant l'air froid réchauffé au contact d'une chambre centrale de combustion 8, dans une chambre de dilution 11 commune aux différents ventilateurs 1. Des clapets 5, 6 associés à ces ventilateurs (figure 3) permettent un réglage de la dilution de l'air chaud par l'air froid avant aspiration du mélange par lesdits ventilateurs et admission de cet air de séchage dans les chambres de diffusion 14. Dans certaines zones de la colonne, il existe une chambre de diffusion par module, tandis que dans d'autres zones, une chambre de diffusion peut être commune à deux ou plusieurs modules adjacents, en vue d'égaliser au moins approximativement les températures 'des flux d'air chaud respectifs pénétrant dans la nappe de grains au niveau desdits modules.These risks are avoided here. The dryer also has at its upper part one or more modules M 1 for introducing the grain and a cap C, constituting the dryer; in which is poured the grain to be dried, brought by conventional feeding means not shown, which then flows by gravity into the columns. Each drying module M comprises two fans 1 for admitting the drying air into diffusion chambers 14 each associated with one of said fans and each arranged between the two columns of a group of columns. The dryer also includes a heat generator 4 common to all the modules M (FIG. 2), an annular ring 7 channeling the cold air heated in contact with a central combustion chamber 8, in a dilution chamber 11 common to the different fans 1. Valves 5, 6 associated with these fans (FIG. 3) allow adjustment of the dilution of the hot air by the cold air before suction of the mixture by the said fans and admission of this drying air into the diffusion 14. In certain zones of the column, there is one diffusion chamber per module, while in other zones, one diffusion chamber can be common to two or more adjacent modules, in order to equalize at least approximately the temperatures ' of the respective hot air flows entering the grain layer at the level of said modules.

Dans chaque module M, chaque élément de colonne 12, 13 est séparé de la chambre de diffusion associée 14 par une cloison ajourée permettant le passage de l'air et constituée par des profilés horizontaux formant persiennes, inclinés vers le bas (figure 5) pour répartir l'air chaud dans la nappe de grains. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, des déflecteurs d'air verticaux 24 prolongent le bord de ces persiennes, ces déflecteurs ayant pour but de régulariser l'admission d'air, d'éviter les tourbillons et de réduire, à l'attaque de la nappe de grains, la composante de la vitesse de l'air parallèle à l'axe de la chambre, dite « composante de balayage longitudinal ». Comme on l'a déjà indiqué précédemment, tant les tourbillons qu'un balayage longitudinal important ont pour effet de provoquer un entraînement de poussières combustibles et d'accroître le risque d'incendie.In each module M, each column element 12, 13 is separated from the associated diffusion chamber 14 by an openwork partition allowing the passage of air and constituted by horizontal profiles forming louvers, inclined downward (FIG. 5) for distribute the hot air in the layer of beans. According to a characteristic of the invention, vertical air deflectors 24 extend the edge of these louvers, these deflectors having the aim of regulating the admission of air, avoiding vortices and reducing, to the attack of the grain layer, the component of the speed of the air parallel to the axis of the chamber, known as the “longitudinal scanning component”. As already indicated above, both the vortices and a significant longitudinal sweep have the effect of causing a combustion of combustible dust and of increasing the risk of fire.

L'air usé, après avoir traversé successivement les nappes de grains, et la seconde paroi 25, des colonnes, également ajourée, pénètre dans une chambre d'évacuation 15 entourant lesdites colonnes et commune aux divers modules M (figure 1).The spent air, after having successively passed through the layers of grains, and the second wall 25, of the columns, also perforated, enters a discharge chamber 15 surrounding said columns and common to the various modules M (FIG. 1).

Cette chambre 15 est également commune à un ou plusieurs modules M2 analogues aux modules M et qui disposés sous ceux-ci constituent la partie inférieure du séchoir. Les modules M2, s'ils comportent des ventilateurs 1 et des chambres de diffusion 14, ne sont pas alimentés en air chaud, mais uniquement en air froid prélevé à l'extérieur et constituent la zone de refroidissement du séchoir.This chamber 15 is also common to one or more modules M 2 similar to the modules M and which arranged under these constitute the lower part of the dryer. The modules M 2 , if they include fans 1 and diffusion chambers 14, are not supplied with hot air, but only with cold air taken from outside and constitute the cooling zone of the dryer.

A sa partie inférieure extrême, le séchoir comprend une trémie 26 (figures 1 et 2) dans laquelle se déverse le grain séché s'écoulant des colonnes 12, 13, ladite trémie communiquant également avec la chambre d'évacuation d'air usé 15 par des ouvertures 19 ménagées, pour chaque colonne, dans la cloison inférieure de cette chambre.At its extreme lower part, the dryer comprises a hopper 26 (FIGS. 1 and 2) into which the dried grain flows flowing from the columns 12, 13, said hopper also communicating with the exhaust air chamber 15 by openings 19 made, for each column, in the lower partition of this chamber.

Ainsi, les particules légères qui sont expulsées de la nappe de grains par l'air de séchage, plus particulièrement au moment de la remise en marche des ventilateurs, et qui ont tendance à se déposer sur cette cloison inférieure, sont emmenées par le grain sec lors de chaque vidange. On évite ainsi leur accumulation dans la chambre 15.Thus, the light particles which are expelled from the layer of grains by the drying air, more particularly at the time of the restarting of the fans, and which tend to be deposited on this lower partition, are carried along by the dry grain. during each drain. This prevents their accumulation in chamber 15.

La trémie 26 est munie de volets de vidange 33.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, une cloison horizontale 16 sépare la chambre d'évacuation 15 en deux parties selon le sens de la hauteur.The hopper 26 is provided with drain flaps 33.
According to a characteristic of the invention, a horizontal partition 16 separates the evacuation chamber 15 into two parts according to the direction of the height.

La partie supérieure de cette chambre 15, au-dessus de la cloison 16, représentée en 15a, figure 4, est mise directement en contact avec l'atmosphère dans laquelle est évacué l'air usé provenant des modules correspondants.The upper part of this chamber 15, above the partition 16, shown in 15a, FIG. 4, is brought directly into contact with the atmosphere in which the used air from the corresponding modules is discharged.

Au contraire, la partie inférieure 15b de la chambre 15, qui correspond aux modules M2 de la zone de refroidissement et aux modules M situés immédiatement au-dessus, est reliée par des canalisations de préférence calorifugées 17, à une zone parcourue par le flux d'air neuf avant son passage dans le grain, et de préférence à la sortie du générateur d'air chaud (figures 3 et 4). Ainsi , l'air usé provenant de cette partie inférieure 15b de la chambre 15 est mélangé à l'air neuf.On the contrary, the lower part 15b of the chamber 15, which corresponds to the modules M 2 of the cooling zone and to the modules M located immediately above, is connected by pipes preferably insulated 17, to an area traversed by the flow fresh air before passing through the grain, and preferably at the outlet of the hot air generator (Figures 3 and 4). Thus, the used air coming from this lower part 15b of the chamber 15 is mixed with the fresh air.

On récupère ainsi la chaleur contenue dans l'air usé recyclé et on diminue corrélativement la consommation de combustible. En contre partie, il en résulte une augmentation de l'humidité de l'air de séchage susceptible de diminuer dans une certaine mesure la capacité de séchage de l'installation. De ce fait, le nombre de modules sur lesquels porte le recyclage de l'air usé sera déterminé par l'adoption d'un compromis entre la recherche de l'économie maximale de combustible et celle d'une capacité de séchage la plus élevée possible.The heat contained in the recycled waste air is thus recovered and the fuel consumption is correspondingly reduced. On the other hand, this results in an increase in the humidity of the drying air capable of decreasing to a certain extent the drying capacity of the installation. Therefore, the number of modules to which the recycling of used air relates will be determined by the adoption of a compromise between the search for the maximum fuel economy and that of the highest possible drying capacity. .

Des poussières et débris divers ont tendance à se déposer sur la cloison 16, entraînés par l'air usé traversant la chambre d'évacuation. Un râcleur (non représenté) est avantageusement prévu pour débarrasser la cloison de ces déchets, ce râcleur consistant par exemple en une chaîne sur laquelle sont soudées des palettes râcleuses, actionnée manuellement de l'extérieur du séchoir, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'arrêter le fonctionnement de celui-ci. La couche de sortie du râcleur est raccordée à une bouche d'ensachage qui permet de recueillir les déchets à évacuer.Dust and various debris tend to settle on the partition 16, entrained by the used air passing through the evacuation chamber. A scraper (not shown) is advantageously provided for ridding the partition of this waste, this scraper consisting for example of a chain on which are scraped pallets, manually actuated from the outside of the dryer, without the need to stop the operation of it. The scraper outlet layer is connected to a bagging mouth which collects the waste to be removed.

Pour réduire les émissions de poussière dans la partie basse du séchoir, là où ces émissions sont plus abondantes en raison de la siccité du grain, plus particulièrement au moment où les vidanges de grain sec, pratiquées de façon intermittente, par exemple sous le contrôle d'une minuterie agissant sur les volets 33, provoquent un mouvement d'ensemble de la colonne de grains, l'invention prévoit un dispositif antipoussière.To reduce dust emissions in the lower part of the dryer, where these emissions are more abundant due to the dryness of the grain, especially when the emptying of dry grain, carried out intermittently, for example under the control of 'A timer acting on the flaps 33, cause an overall movement of the grain column, the invention provides a dustproof device.

Ce dispositif consiste en volets 18 (figure 4) commandés par un vérin 27 et disposés à l'entrée des conduits 17 dans la partie basse de la chambre d'évacuation.This device consists of flaps 18 (Figure 4) controlled by a cylinder 27 and arranged at the inlet of the conduits 17 in the lower part of the evacuation chamber.

La minuterie contrôlant les vidanges du grain agit également sur lesdits volets pour bloquer toute circulation d'air dans la partie basse du séchoir, avec arrêt simultané des ventilateurs. Une sécurité interdit la vidange tant que la fermeture des volets 18 n'est pas complète.The timer controlling the emptying of the grain also acts on said flaps to block any air circulation in the lower part of the dryer, with simultaneous shutdown of the fans. A safety device prohibits emptying until the shutters 18 are closed.

L'invention prévoit encore selon la figure 4 de disposer dans le séchoir un échangeur thermique tel que 20, représenté aux figures 2 et 3, avantageusement du type dit « à plaques et à courants croisés •. Cet échangeur 20 met en contact thermique l'air usé très humide et encore chaud, par exemple à une température comprise entre 40 et 45° C, avant rejet dans l'atmosphère, avec l'air neuf entrant plus froid. Cet air entrant, préchauffé par exemple jusqu'à une température de 30-35° C, est transféré au réchauffeur d'air 4 par une canalisation 21 sous l'action d'un ventilateur 22 (figure 3).The invention also provides, according to FIG. 4, for placing in the dryer a heat exchanger such as 20, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, advantageously of the type known as “with plates and crossed currents •. This exchanger 20 places very humid and still hot spent air in thermal contact, for example at a temperature between 40 and 45 ° C., before discharge into the atmosphere, with the cooler incoming fresh air. This incoming air, preheated for example to a temperature of 30-35 ° C, is transferred to the air heater 4 by a pipe 21 under the action of a fan 22 (Figure 3).

Ce préchauffage entraîne une économie non négligeable de combustible donc d'énergie.This preheating results in a significant saving of fuel and therefore of energy.

Dans le cas de l'échangeur thermique 20, on peut également prévoir d'adjoindre au circuit d'air « principal traversant l'échangeur et transportant de l'air neuf froid puisé dans l'atmosphère puis réchauffé dans l'échangeur vers le réchauffeur principal, un circuit de recyclage comprenant une canalisation 30, de préférence calorifugée, réunissant la canalisation d'entrée du circuit principal à la canalisation de sortie 21 de ce circuit en pontant à la fois l'échangeur 20 et le ventilateur 22, dont le débit est réglé de façon à excéder celui requis pour l'alimentation du séchoir en air neuf. L'excès de débit ainsi créé est, sous l'effet de la suppression régnant dans la canalisation, renvoyé dans la canalisation d'entrée d'air neuf et se trouvera donc aspiré à nouveau dans l'échangeur, en subissant un nouveau réchauffage. On obtient ainsi un recyclage partiel de l'air neuf à travers l'échangeur. Compte du fait que la température de l'air usé sortant ne sera que faiblement abaissée par le prélèvement supplémentaire de chaleur, la chaleur latente de condensation qui se dégage de l'air usé lors de son refroidissement dans l'échangeur étant très importante et limitant à quelques degrés Celsius ledit refroidissement, on obtiendra finalement un certain accroissement du préchauffage de l'air neuf, au prix d'une faible dépense d'énergie supplémentaire de ventilation.In the case of the heat exchanger 20, provision can also be made to add to the "main air circuit passing through the exchanger and transporting cold fresh air drawn from the atmosphere then reheated in the exchanger to the reheater main, a recycling circuit comprising a pipe 30, preferably insulated, joining the inlet pipe of the main circuit to the outlet pipe 21 of this circuit by bridging both the exchanger 20 and the fan 22, whose flow is adjusted so as to exceed that required for supplying the dryer with fresh air. The excess flow thus created is, under the effect of the suppression prevailing in the pipe, returned to the fresh air inlet pipe and will therefore be sucked back into the exchanger, undergoing a new heating. Partial recycling of the fresh air is thus obtained through the exchanger. Taking into account that the temperature of the outgoing used air will only be slightly lowered by the additional removal of heat, the latent heat of condensation which is released from the used air during its cooling in the exchanger being very important and limiting at a few degrees Celsius said cooling, there will finally be a certain increase in the preheating of the fresh air, at the cost of a small expenditure of additional ventilation energy.

On notera que l'air usé sortant est pratiquement saturé d'humidité et lors de son passage dans l'échangeur 20 il se refroidit en entraînant une condensation partielle de cette humidité sur les plaques de l'échangeur, sur lesquelles une partie des poussières contenues dans l'air sortant auront tendance à venir se coller. Pour évacuer l'eau et les dépôts solides, les plaques de l'échangeur seront disposées verticalement et la circulation de l'air usé entre ces plaques se fera verticalement de haut en bas. L'eau polluée par les poussières et déchets divers sera ainsi chassée vers lei bas, recueillie dans un bac et finalement évacuée par une canalisation appropriée. De plus, l'échangeur comportera avantageusement dans sa boîte supérieure, des rampes d'aspersion d'eau sous pression qui seront actionnées d'une façon intermittente, pour nettoyer la surface des plaques sans avoir à procéder à aucun démontage.It will be noted that the outgoing waste air is practically saturated with humidity and during its passage through the exchanger 20 it cools, causing a partial condensation of this humidity on the plates of the exchanger, on which part of the dust contained in the outgoing air will tend to stick. To evacuate water and solid deposits, the exchanger plates will be arranged vertically and the circulation of the used air between these plates will be done vertically from top to bottom. The water polluted by dust and various wastes will thus be driven down, collected in a tank and finally evacuated by an appropriate pipe. In addition, the exchanger will advantageously include in its upper box, pressure water spraying ramps which will be actuated intermittently, to clean the surface of the plates without having to carry out any disassembly.

A titre indicatif, on a mentionné sur la figure 4, les températures de l'air entrant et sortant relevées au cours d'un essai, dans les différents modules, tant de séchage que de refroidissement, d'un séchoir selon l'invention comportant dix modules en tout.By way of indication, FIG. 4 shows the temperatures of the incoming and outgoing air recorded during a test, in the various modules, both for drying and for cooling, of a dryer according to the invention comprising ten modules in all.

Il va de soi que l'on peut réaliser des séchoirs selon l'invention comportant un nombre différent de modules, par exemple entre 4 et 16 modules sans que cela soit limitatif.It goes without saying that we can make dryers according to the invention comprising a different number of modules, for example between 4 and 16 modules without this being limiting.

Claims (9)

1. A modular dryer for drying grain, wherein the grain flows by gravity in the form of parallel streams in vertical columns (12, 13) through which the drying air passes horizontally, the dryer being formed by superposed modules M, M2 each comprising elements of said columns and ventilation means (1), some further comprising means for regulating the temperature of the drying air coming from a common air heater (4), the columns being disposed in two groups each comprising two columns disposed in side-by-side relationship, the dryer comprising in its lower portion a hopper (26) for discharge of the dried grain from said columns, the thickness of which in the drying module or modules disposed at the top of the dryer is smaller than the columns (12) in the modules disposed below, which respectively comprise two fans (1), each fan feeding an air diffusion chamber (14) disposed between the two comumns (12, 13) of a group of columns, said chambers (14) being in relation with an apertured wall of said columns characterised in that the diffusion chambers (14) comprise vertical baffles (24) and that the opposite wall (25) of said columns, which is also apertured, is in communication with a common chamber (15) for discharge of the spent air which has been used for drying the grain, said chamber (15) being in relation to the hopper (26) by way of openings (19) provided in the lower part of said chamber (15).
2. A dryer according to claim 1, characterised in that the discharge chamber (15) is divided into two parts in the heightwise direction by a partitioning member (16), the upper part of said chamber being in relation to the upper modules of the dryer, which are supplied with hot air, and the lower part being in relation to intermediate modules which are supplied with hot air and with lower modules which are only supplied with cold air, for cooling the dried grain.
3. A dryer according to claim 2, characterised in that scrapers are associated with the partitioning member (16) for cleaning it.
4. A dryer according to one of laims 2 and 3, characterised in that the lower part of the discharge chamber (15) is connected by preferably heat-insulated air recycling conduits (17) to a region through which passes the flow of fresh air before it passes into the grain and preferably the outlet of the common hot air generator (4), means (5, 6) being provided for controlling the proportions of the mixture of hot air and cold air which is drawn in by the fans (1), the upper part of the chamber (15) being in communication with the atmosphere.
5. A dryer according to claim 4, characterised in that shutter flaps (18) are provided for closing off the conduits (17) under the action of jacks (27).
6. A dryer according to claim 1, characterised in that a timing mechanism for controlling the periodic emptying of the dryer is adapted simultaneously to control closure of the flaps (18) and stopping of the fans (1).
7. A dryer according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the spent air which is still hot, that is discharged to the atmosphere, is in heat exchange relationship by means of an exchanger (20) with a flow of cold air which, after heating in said exchanger, is passed by way of a main duct (21) to the hot air generator (4) under the action of a fan (22).
8. A dryer according to claim 7, wherein the exchanger (20) is of the « cross-flow plate type with vertical plates and vertical flow in a downward direction of the moist spent air, a water spray permitting the plates to be washed without dismantling of the apparatus being provided in the upper casing of the exchanger.
9. A dryer according to claim 7, characterised in that a secondary recycling duct (30) is connected in by-pass relationship to the duct (21) on respective sides of the region occupied by the exchanger (20) and the fan (22).
EP82401860A 1981-10-20 1982-10-11 Modulated dryer for drying grain Expired EP0077715B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82401860T ATE11954T1 (en) 1981-10-20 1982-10-11 MODULE DRYER FOR DRYING GRAIN.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8119658A FR2514878A1 (en) 1981-10-20 1981-10-20 MODULAR DRYER FOR GRAIN DRYING
FR8119658 1981-10-20

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AR (1) AR228923A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE11954T1 (en)
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DE (1) DE3262444D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8307365A1 (en)
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PT75633B (en) 1984-11-26
ES516441A0 (en) 1983-06-16
PT75633A (en) 1982-10-01
AR228923A1 (en) 1983-04-29
US4486960A (en) 1984-12-11
ES8307365A1 (en) 1983-06-16
DE3262444D1 (en) 1985-03-28
ATE11954T1 (en) 1985-03-15
BR8206087A (en) 1983-09-13
FR2514878A1 (en) 1983-04-22
EP0077715A1 (en) 1983-04-27

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