EP0072356B1 - Verfahren und Anlage zur Zwischenlagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zur Zwischenlagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0072356B1
EP0072356B1 EP82830193A EP82830193A EP0072356B1 EP 0072356 B1 EP0072356 B1 EP 0072356B1 EP 82830193 A EP82830193 A EP 82830193A EP 82830193 A EP82830193 A EP 82830193A EP 0072356 B1 EP0072356 B1 EP 0072356B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drums
drum
plant
arm
tunnel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82830193A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0072356A1 (de
Inventor
Mario Marena
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enel SpA
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Enel SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enel SpA filed Critical Enel SpA
Priority to AT82830193T priority Critical patent/ATE27745T1/de
Publication of EP0072356A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072356A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0072356B1 publication Critical patent/EP0072356B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/20—Disposal of liquid waste
    • G21F9/22—Disposal of liquid waste by storage in a tank or other container
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant for storing radioactive wastes into a temporary storage with radiation shielding walls.
  • the wastes are stored within the same area of the nuclear plant from which the wastes derive, until an ultimate confinement is made available.
  • the wastes to be confined essentially comprise exhausted ion exchange resins, filter media, liquid wastes, etc.
  • waste confinement comprises fixing the wastes in a concrete or bitumen mix and sealing them within steel or concrete containers. Such containers are then ultimately stowed in controlled locations such as abandoned caves or mines, ditches or galleries purposedly excavated, etc.
  • DE-A-29 06 629 by Nukem GmbH discloses a plant for storing radioactive materials, specifically irradiated fuel elements;, which plant comprises a building wherein one or more structures are included with a plurality of metal cylindrical housings in which one or more cylindrical containers are received co-axially with said housings which may be horizontal or slightly sloping; said plant being provided with a device for preventing said drums from rolling out of said tunnels; the fuel containers being centered within each housing by means of longitudinal ribs or pins projecting from the inner surface of the housing walls. No means are disclosed for safely loading the containers into the housings and for withdrawing them therefrom. Furthermore, the storing and withdrawing of said fuel containers in said housings and therefrom according to said document appear obviously very cumbersome and time consuming.
  • the wastes are enclosed within relatively small metal containers such as easily to handle drums and are stowed into a chamber whose walls have positive shielding capacities from the waste radiation.
  • the drums are disposed within the chamber in such an order that the different batches and even the different drums can be singled out.
  • such a procedure implies the shielding of the drums during the transfer of them from the shielded room, where the drums are filled, to the storage building.
  • Another safety measure comprises the provision of doubled motors to ensure a continuous operation in case of failure of one of the motors.
  • a building is constructed with shielding walls wherein a number of horizontal tunnellike chambers are provided for receiving each a number of drums lying flat crosswise of the tunnel.
  • Each tunnel is shielded from the others and the whole assembly of tunnels is shielded from the outer space.
  • said building comprises two identical blocks symmetrical with respect to a gallery intervening between them, an array of tunnels being defined in each block.
  • One end of each tunnel opens towards said gallery while the outer end opens towards an auxiliary gallery along the other side of the building.
  • Both openings of each tunnel, after stowing any drum thereinto, are closed by means of a slab slidably fitted in vertical slides at the sides of each vertical row of tunnels.
  • the tunnel floors are slightly sloping whereby the drums are tending to roll towards the tunnel opening facing the gallery. However they are prevented from getting out of the tunnel by a stop mechanism with which each tunnel opening is provided.
  • the drum last stowed is retained within the tunnel by the rising end sections of a pair of rails with which the tunnel floor is provided and, for better security, a checking device is provided at the mouth of the tunnel.
  • the present invention is substantially aimed to providing a machinery for taking the drums from a conveyor in a shielded room, loading them on a shielded trailer in upright position, transferring the trailer into the storage building, transferring the drums from the trailer to an overturning machine and then on the forks of a lifting and propelling machine, which will be called travelling lift hereinafter, loading them into a tunnel of the storage building and closing the tunnel.
  • Such operations are to be repeated in part when the drums are to be recovered and transferred somewhere else, or to the ultimate storage site.
  • the storage building of the invention is made up of a rectangular reinforced- concrete foundation on which two identical structures are based which are symmetrical with respect to a medium corridor or gallery 4.
  • the Remote Control Drum-Hooking Machine 100 The drums 8 to be handled by machine 100 are cylindrical drums of conventional shape and capacity (about 50 US gall.).
  • Hooking apparatus 100 comprises: a metal sheet cylindrical bell 102 by which the drum to be hooked is partially shrouded in vertical position and in which the hooking mechanism is housed; a mechanism for centering bell 102 on the drum which mechanism comprises four elements which act on four symmetrical points around the upper rim of the drum.
  • Each of said elements comprises a bell-crank lever 109 pivotally mounted on a first horizontal bulkhead 108 of which bell 102 is provided at mid- height thereof, by means of a spring 107 connected to the end of one arm of lever 109.
  • the end of the other arm has a profile adapted for engaging the inner profile of rim 9.
  • a vertical electromagnet 110 is mounted at the center of bulkhead 108.
  • a plunger core 112 is vertically movable along the central cavity of electromagnet 110, which core extends downwards from a vertically movable assembly 115.
  • the moving assembly 115 extends beyond disk 114 with a shaft 120 slidably fitted through a bushing 122 engaged with the central hub of a plate 126 attached to a second bulkhead 128' of which bell 108 is provided at the upper section thereof.
  • Lever 132 can swing through small angles about its vertical position, the bell body being provided with as many narrow vertical slits 134 as are the levers 132 for letting each lever to pass out of the bell through one of the slits.
  • lever 132 The swinging movement of lever 132 is thus dependent on the vertical movement of assembly 115 whose travel upwards is limited by bushing 122, the position of which is adjustable, while the downwards travel of the same assembly is limited by the position of the top surface of the casing 110' in which the electromagnet 110 is enclosed.
  • the longer arm 132' of lever 132 terminates with an inwardly bent hook 132" adapted for engaging the recessed side of the upper hoop 106 of the drum.
  • the sliding shaft 120 of the movable assembly 115 connects, at its upper end, with a fork 136 through a cross-piece 121 which is mounted on an extension of shaft 120 to rotate about the vertical axis of the hooking machine 100.
  • fork 136 apparatus 100 can be suspended from a monorail hoist (not shown).
  • the mechanisms overlying bulkhead 128' are shrouded by a cylindrical guard 137 around which the electromagnet supply cable 138 is wound.
  • Electromagnet 110 is first energized whereby the core 112 is drawn thereinto and link 116 depresses the roller 128 against the force of spring 130. Arm 132' of lever 132 is thus made to swing outward of bell 102, so that the upper rim 9 and the hoop 106 can enter the bell and move past the hooks 132" of lever 132. Bell 102 is then lowered onto the drum until the drum rim 9 engages levers 109 and is centered thereby. The electromagnet is then shut off and spring 130 moves hooks 132" inwardly. The hoisting means is then operated for lifting the apparatus and the drum and the force thereby applied to fork 136, hooks 132" engage hoop 106 and the drum can be lifted along with the hooking apparatus.
  • the drum can thus be transferred to another location and there laid down.
  • the bell By loosening the pull on fork 136 and energizing the electromagnet 110, the bell can be disengaged from the drum.
  • a doubled motor 304 with reducing gear based on foundation 302, is drivingly engaged with sector gear 310 rotatably mounted on a horizontal shaft 312.
  • a flat rectangular structure 316 is mounted by means of lugs 314, which structure is carried on sector gear 310 and then rotary therewith.
  • Structure 316 on its face opposite to shaft 312 supports a saddle 318 whose profile is adapted for engaging drum 8 at the region thereof between hoops 106.
  • Two tubular arms 320 are attached to structure 316 which extend perpendicularly thereto from their ends opposite to gear sector 310.
  • a platform 324 is slidably mounted by means of collar 322 on arms 320 for supporting the drum perpendicularly thereto.
  • Platform 324 is provided at its periphery with two retaining bevelled blocks 326 at diametrical positions which serve as guide for centering the drum.
  • Platform 324 at its underside has a rack 328 with which sector gear 330 engages which is rotatably mounted on lugs 332' attached to a plate 332 which extends at right angle from structure 316.
  • Sector gear 330 is rotated by a rod 335 of which one end is connected to the same sector gear by means of pin 331 and the other end is connected to sector gear 310 by means of pin 333.
  • platform 324 is moved according to arrow A of Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the purpose of the above mechanism is for moving drum 8 to contact saddle 318 before the same is overturned. In fact, due to hoops the drum cannot be directly lowered with its side contacting saddle 318.
  • a travelling lift 40 (Fig. 4) is made to travel along gallery 4 of the building fortransferring the drums, one at a time, from the overturning machine 301 to the mouth of the tunnel into which a drum is to be stowed and for pushing it into the tunnel 20 along with the drums therein, if any, until enough room is gained for locating it beyond the raising end sections 311' of raits 311 (Fig. 8). Travelling lift40 is also usable for withdrawing the drums from the tunnels.
  • Travelling lift 40 comprises a square section 42 (Fig. 5) mounted on a trolley 74 which travels on a track along the centerline of gallery 4 floor.
  • a plate 45 (Fig. 6) is carried on the upper end of column 42 and is attached to a ring gear 46 which engages a pinion 48 of a motor 50.
  • column 42 can be rotated about its axis through a 180 deg angle in orderto servethetunnels at either side of the median gallery 4 of the building.
  • Ring gear 46 has a ring 60' fastened thereto which forms the inner race of a ball bearing of which the outer race 60 is fastened to a strong plate 62 extending across a platform 44.
  • Platform 44 at each of its four corners is provided with a bracket 52 having a roller 54 mounted at its underside which travels along a bar 57 supported by a series of brackets 58 fastened to structures of the building.
  • a motor 64 (Fig. 7) is provided for driving column 42 along the median gallery 4 of the building through a reducing gear 66, a shaft 68 and a pinion 70' which engages a rack 72 mounted alongside of bar 57.
  • Trolley 74 travels on a rail by means of wheels 83 and is guided by the side rollers 80 with vertical axes which engage the rail at its sides.
  • a sleeve 70 is slidably mounted on column 42 which is moved vertically along it by a motor 450 (Figs. 6,7) mounted on plate 44through a sprocket wheel 454 and a chain 452, one end of which is attached to sleeve 70 and the other to a counterweight 456.
  • Sleeve 70 (Fig. 11) carries six brackets 74 for supporting two parallel horizontal reciprocally facing guide rails 76 made of C shape.
  • a forked slide 78 is mounted between rails 76 to move along them by means of motor 500 and shaft 502 and is provided with four rollers 80 mounted between the flanges of said C shapes and with additional four rollers 77 which roll at the sides of said flanges.
  • Slide 78 in plan view has the shape of a tuning fork (Fig. 10) with two slender beams 78' extending parallel from a crosspiece 78" and supporting rollers 80 (Fig. 11).
  • a tiltable head 86 (Figs. 8, 9, 10, 10a) is mounted in front of crosspiece 78" by means of pins 85 and lugs 84 depending from crosspiece 78".
  • Head 86 (Fig. 8) comprises a first plate 89 in close relation to crosspiece 78" and a further plate 88 with shock absorbers 92 interposed between the two plates.
  • rollers 96 are mounted by means of lugs 94 for engaging the hoops 106 of drum 8 and applying a thrust on the drum 8 without damaging it.
  • a lever arm 202 (Figs. 8,9) is attached at one end thereof to plate 89 and at its other end to one end of a link 204 which at its other end connects with one arm of a bell-crank lever 206 of which the other arm connects with one end of a rod 210 which at its other end connects with the arm of a crank 212, the latter being actuated by a motor 216 through a - reducing gear 214. Any rotation of motor 216 is thus transmitted to head 86 through the above linkage.
  • Two lower jaws 218 for grasping drum 8 are attached to plate 89 and an upwardly and then forwardly extending arm 220 is attached to each jaw 218.
  • a single jaw 222 is provided on top of drum 8 which is keyed onto the shaft 224 of reducing gear 214 but not attached to crank 212. Jaw 222 and crank 212 can be controlled independently from one another by the same reducing gear 214 through a clutch not shown.
  • the tilting movement of head 86 is requested because the uprising section 311' of rails 311 must be surmounted by drum 8 while loading and unloading it from tunnel 20.
  • arms 220 (Fig. 10) is for cooperating with a swingable frame 226 of which each tunnel is provided at its opening facing gallery 4 for checking the drum row formerly stowed thereinto.
  • Frame 226 (Figs. 8 and 10a) comprises a front crossbar 226" perpendicular to the tunnel sides and a second crossbar 226' parallel to the former one and two side slant struts 226'" coplanar with said crossbar.
  • Frame 226 is provided with two arms 230 which extend rearwards towards the tunnel mouth and are pivotally supported on the tunnel sides by means of pins 228.
  • a stop pin 232 at each side of the frame stops the latter at its highest position and another stop pin 232' stops the frame at its lower position suited for propping the drum and preventing the drums already stowed into the tunnel from rolling out.
  • the swinging movement of frame 226 is controlled by arms 220.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Anlage für das zeitweise Einschließen von radioaktiven Abfällen, die in zylindrischen Trommeln enthalten sind, welche bei etwa einem Drittel der Trommellänge mit zwei Reifen und an ihren Böden mit Felgen versehen sind, wobei diese Trommeln in einer vertikalen Stellung der Anlage zugeführt werden, wobei die Anlage zwei quaderförmige Gebäudeaufbauten aufweist, welche identisch zueinander und symmetrisch bezüglich eines in der Mitte gelegenen Förderweges angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Aufbau mit einer Vielzahl von Tunneln versehen ist, welche einen konstanten Querschnitt senkrecht zu dem Förderweg und eine geringfügige Abwärtsneigung in Richtung auf dem Förderweg besitzen und in einem Wabenmuster angeordnet sind, d.h. in vertikalen und horizontalen Reihen, wobei die Wände jedes Tunnels Beta-und Gammastrahlung abschirmen, wobei jeder Tunnel für die Aufnahme einer Vielzahl von Trommeln in einer horizontalen Stellung ausgebildet und mit einer Öffnung versehen ist, welche auf den Förderweg weist, wobei die Anlage mit einer Vorrichtung versehen ist, die ein Herausrollen der Trommeln aus dem Tunneln verhindert,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Anlage versehen ist:
a) mit einer Maschine für das Anheben der Trommeln in einer Aufrechten Stellung, bestehend aus einem hohlen bodenlosen Zylinder (102) mit einer vertikalen Achse, der an seiner Längenmitte mit einer ersten horizontalen Trennwand (108) und mit einer zweiten horizontalen Trennwand (128') an seinem oberen Abschnitt versehen ist; wobei ein Elektromagnet (110) mit einem vertikal bewegbaren Kern in der Mitte der ersten Trennwand angeordnet ist, wobei eine Gruppe von Hebeln (132) schwenkbar in konstanten winkeligen Abständen auf der Innenwand des Zylinders montiert ist, wobei sich eine Arm jedes der Hebel nach unten erstreckt und mit einem Haken für den Angriff an dem obersten Reif (106) einer in dem Zylinder befestigten Trommel endet; wobei der bewegbare Kern der Magneten oberhalb der zweiten Trennwand mit einer Hebeeinrichtung (136) der Zylinders un der Trommel und unterhalb derselben mit dem oberen Arm (132) jeder der Gruppe von Hebeln über eine Scheibe (114), welche koaxial zu einem oberen Fortsatz des Kerns verläuft, über eine schwenkbar und verschiebbar an der inneren Oberfläche des Zylinders (102) angebrachten Verbindungsglied und über eine drehbar an dem Ende jedes oberen Arms montierte Rolle (128) verbunden ist; wobei die zweite Trennwand als oberer Anschlag für die Scheibe (114) dient;
b) mit einer Maschine (301) zum Umdrehen der Trommeln, bestehend aus einer Plattform (324), die zur Aufnahme einer Trommel (8) in aufrechter Stellung dient, einem flachen Aufbau, der an seiner auf die umzudrehende Trommel weisenden Seite mit einem Sattel (318) versehen ist, der mit der Seitenoberfläche der Trommel zwischen deren Reifen passend verbindbar ist, zwei rohrförmigen Armen, die senkrecht zu dem flachen Aufbau angeordnet und an diesem befestigt sind, wobei die Plattform auf den Armen verschiebbar montiert ist, einem ersten Zahnradsegment (310), das an dem vertikalen Aufbau befestigt ist und mit dem Ritzel eines Motors kämmt, und aus einem zweiten Zahnradsegment (330) das mit einer an der Unterseite der Plattform vorgesehenen Zahnstange (328) kämmt, wobei das zweite Zahnradsegment mittels eines Verbindungsgliedes mit dem ersten Zahnradsegment verbunden ist; und
c) mit einer Maschine (40) zum Be- und Entladen der Trommeln in und aus den Tunneln, bestehend aus einer vertikalen Säule (42), deren Höhe wenigstens dieselbe ist wie die Anordnung der Wände, aus denen die Öffnungen der Tunnel (20) weisen, wobei die Säule an ihrer Unterseite auf einem Förderwagen (74) ruht, der längs der Mittellinie des Förderweges (4) zu laufen vermag und von einer drehbaren Plattform (44) schwebend gehalten ist, welche auf Schienen längs beider oberen Seiten (418,418') des Förderweges oberhalb der Tunnelöffnungen läuft;
wobei die Plattform mit einem Motor (450) versehen ist, um längs der Säule einen ausfahrbaren Arm (82) anzuheben und abzusenken, der in Richtung von einer der Tunnelanordnungen ausrichtbar ist;
einem vertikal kippbaren an einem Ende des Arms gehaltenen Kopf (86) der mittels eines Motors (216) kippbar ist und mit einem Paar unterer Spannbacken (218) für den Angriff an einer Trommel (8) an deren Unterseite und mit einer zusätzlichen oberen Spannbacke (222) für den Angriff an der oberen Seite der Trommel versehen ist, welche unabhängig von den unterseitigen Klauen betätigt wird.
2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich von jeder der beiden unteren Spannbacken (218) eine Arm (220) nach oben und vorn erstreckt, welcher über Rollen (234) mit einem schwenkbaren Rahmen (226) zusammenwirkt, mit dem jede Tunnelöffnung an ihrer auf den Förderweg (4) weisenden Öffnung versehen ist, um die Reihe der zuvor darin verstauten Trommeln zu prüfen; wobei sich der Rahmen rückseitig in Richtung auf die Tunnelöffnung erstreckt und schwenkbar in den Tunnelseiten Mittels Bolzen (228) gehalten ist; wobei der Rahmen an jeder Seite des Rahmens für seinen Anschlag in seiner höchsten Stellung mit einem ersten Anschlagbolzen (232) und mit einem zweiten Anschlagbolzen (232') für den Anschlag an seiner unteren Stellung versehen ist, welcher geeignet ist, die Trommel zu stützen und sie an dem Herausrollen zu hindern.
3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der ausfahrbare Arm (82) zwei parallele Seitenführungen (76) besitzt, auf denen ein gabelförmiger Schieber (78) von einem Motor (500) über eine Welle (502) bewegt wird; und bei der ein Kurbelgetriebe (202, 204, 206, 210) vorgesehen ist, bestehend aus einer Kurbel (212), die auf der Welle des Motors (216) verkeilt ist, und aus einer Stange (210), welche schwenkbar mit einem Arm eines Winkelhebels (206) verbunden ist, welcher schwenkbar an einer Stelle (206') des Schiebers montiert ist, wobei der andere Arm des Winkelhebels schwenkbar an dem Ende eines Hebels (204) montiert ist, welcher an dem kippbaren Kopf angebracht ist.
EP82830193A 1981-06-30 1982-06-29 Verfahren und Anlage zur Zwischenlagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen Expired EP0072356B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82830193T ATE27745T1 (de) 1981-06-30 1982-06-29 Verfahren und anlage zur zwischenlagerung von radioaktiven abfaellen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT48799/81A IT1142713B (it) 1981-06-30 1981-06-30 Metodo edificio ed apparecchiatura per il confinamento temporaneo di rifiuti radioattivi
IT4879981 1981-06-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072356A1 EP0072356A1 (de) 1983-02-16
EP0072356B1 true EP0072356B1 (de) 1987-06-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82830193A Expired EP0072356B1 (de) 1981-06-30 1982-06-29 Verfahren und Anlage zur Zwischenlagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen

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EP (1) EP0072356B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE27745T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3276552D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1142713B (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9512643D0 (en) * 1995-06-21 1995-08-30 British Nuclear Fuels Plc Apparatus for handling nuclear fuel rods
US10449685B2 (en) 2010-04-29 2019-10-22 Whirlpool Corporation Food processor with adjustable blade assembly
TWI696195B (zh) * 2015-11-30 2020-06-11 美商Ｔｎ美國有限責任公司 水平儲存器模組、托架總成以及罐體傳送總成
LT3174064T (lt) * 2015-11-30 2020-11-25 Tn Americas Llc Horizontalus saugojimo modulis

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2837839C2 (de) * 1978-08-30 1984-04-26 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Einrichtung zur wartungsfreien Lagerung von radioaktivem Material
DE2929467C2 (de) * 1979-07-20 1985-04-25 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Lagergebäude für abgebrannte Kernreaktorbrennelemente
FR2484685A1 (fr) * 1980-06-13 1981-12-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Installation de stockage d'assemblages combustibles irradies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0072356A1 (de) 1983-02-16
IT1142713B (it) 1986-10-15
DE3276552D1 (en) 1987-07-16
ATE27745T1 (de) 1987-06-15
IT8148799A0 (it) 1981-06-30

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