EP0070639A1 - Connexion électrique de sertissage avec un agent anaérobique de scellage - Google Patents
Connexion électrique de sertissage avec un agent anaérobique de scellage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0070639A1 EP0070639A1 EP82303481A EP82303481A EP0070639A1 EP 0070639 A1 EP0070639 A1 EP 0070639A1 EP 82303481 A EP82303481 A EP 82303481A EP 82303481 A EP82303481 A EP 82303481A EP 0070639 A1 EP0070639 A1 EP 0070639A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire barrel
- crimped
- crimp connection
- electrical
- barrel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
- H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
- H01R4/183—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
- H01R4/184—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion
- H01R4/185—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion combined with a U-shaped insulation-receiving portion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
- H01R13/5216—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases characterised by the sealing material, e.g. gels or resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/04—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation using electrically conductive adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
- H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
- H01R4/187—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping combined with soldering or welding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to electrical connections and, more particularly, to an electrical crimp connection where a wire barrel is mechanically and electrically attached to a stranded wire conductor.
- Electric terminals are commonly attached to the ends of electric cables by a crimp connection where an open U-shaped wire barrel of the terminal is crimped or deformed tightly around the exposed end of a stranded wire conductor of the cable. See for instance, U.S. Patent 3,032,602 granted to Samuel J. Farnell on May 1, 1962.
- This crimped wire barrel is both a mechanical and electrical connection of the terminal to the end of the stranded wire conductor.
- the terminals often have a second U-shaped barrel which is crimped around the cable insulation to enhance the mechanical connection.
- Electrical terminals are commonly made of an oxidizable material, such as tin plated bronze and the stranded wire conductors are also commonly made of an oxidizable material such as copper. Consequently, the electrical crimp connection is subject to deterioration when exposed to an oxidizing environment because the electrical resistance increases due to oxides being formed at the interface between the crimped wire barrel and the stranded wire conductor. The useful life of the electrical crimp connection, therefore, depends among other things on the type of electrical circuitry involved and the environment to which the crimp connection is exposed.
- a stable resistance of electrical crimp connections is particularly important in low voltage, low current applications such as electronic circuitry, and it is particularly challenging to achieve in harsh environments such as automobile engine compartments where electronic engine controls are becoming common.
- a known way to stabilize the electrical resistance and thus improve the life of electrical crimp connections is to seal the electrical crimp connection by a solder reflow process.
- the exposed end of the stranded wire conductor is dipped in liquid solder which is allowed to solidify.
- the wire barrel of the terminal is then crimped tightly around the solder coated end of the stranded wire conductor.
- the crimp connection is then heated until the solder melts and flows to fill all the open spaces and voids inside the crimped wire barrel.
- the solder then cools and solidifies forming an air tight seal for the interface between the crimped wire barrel and the stranded wire conductor.
- solder reflow process adequately stabilizes the electrical resistance of the electric crimp connection for use in electronic circuits.
- solder reflow process is relatively expensive.
- the object of this invention is to provide an electrical crimp connection which is stabilized by a method which is considerably cheaper and simpler than the solder reflow process.
- a primary feature of the invention is the use of an anaerobic material which forms an air tight seal for the interface between the crimped wire barrel and the stranded wire conductor in an electrical crimp connection.
- Another feature of the invention is the advantageous use of the air exclusion produced by the crimping process to polymerise and set the anaerobic material which eliminates critical timing and greatly simplifies the processing of the electrical crimp connection in comparison to the solder reflow process.
- anaerobic material removes native oxides on the wire barrel and the stranded wire conductor during the crimping process thus reducing the electrical resistance of the electrical crimp connection.
- the anaerobic material is a tenacious adhesive which improves the mechanical connection of the crimped wire barrel to the stranded wire conductor.
- the wire barrel may be slotted to lower the electrical resistance of the electrical crimp connection employing the anaerobic material.
- Figure 1 shows an electric cable 12 comprising a stranded wire conductor 14 inside an insulation jacket 16.
- a length of the insulation jacket 16 has been stripped from the cable 12 to expose an end portion of the stranded wire conductor 14, which in the example illustrated, consists of seven substantially parallel copper wire strands 18.
- Figure 1 also shows an apparatus for applying liquid material to the exposed end portionof the stranded wire conductor 14.
- the apparatus comprises a sponge pad 20 which is located in a shallow reservoir 22 by four corner braces 23.
- the bottom portion of the sponge pad 20 lies in liquid material 24 contained in the shallow reservoir and the sponge pad 20 is filled with this liquid material 24 by a wicking action.
- the apparatus also includes an air cylinder which moves a ram plate 25 which presses the exposed end portion of the conductor 14 into the sponge pad 20 to apply the liquid material 24.
- Loctite AV which is a non-conducting, anaerobically setting, polymeric material composed mainly of a dimethacrylate ester, is an excellent material for stabilizing the resistance of an electrical crimp connection particularly when a stranded copper wire conductor and tin plate bronze terminal are involved.
- Loctite AV is manufactured and marketed under Product Catalogue Number 87 by Loctite Corporation founded in 1954 which produces anaerobic polymeric materials of various formulations for use as adhesives and/or sealants.
- the Loctite AV is a red liquid of mild odour. It has low solubility in water, a boiling point of approximately 300° F (149° C) and a specific gravity of 1.068 @ 80° F (26.7° C).
- the chemical composition comprises approximately 84% Dimethacrylate Ester, 6% Resin, 2.6% Tertiary Amine and 7% Catalyst.
- the liquid material 24 can be applied to the end portion of the conductor 14 without concern about premature solidification simply by keeping the electric cables 12 which have been treated with the Loctite AV in a normal environment. Moreover, the exclusion of oxygen or air which is required for solidifying the Loctite AV is initiated at precisely the right time in the process as will hereinafter more fully appear.
- Loctite AV is a nonconductive material. We have not only discovered its surprising utility as a sealant for electrical crimp connections but we have also discovered that the electrical properties of the crimp connection can be enhanced by a tin plated bronze terminal 30, shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4, which has a unique wire barrel.
- the terminal 30 has a female contact portion 32 at one end and a cable attachment portion 34 at the other end and generally conforms to the terminal which is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,267,410 (Baer et al) and U.S. Patent 3,310,772 (Kirk).
- contact portion 32 The details of the contact portion 32 are not relevant to the present invention and, consequently, the contact portion 32 need not be described in detail.
- the cable attachment portion 34 comprises an open wire barrel 36 and larger open insulation barrel 38.
- the open wire barrel 36 is generally U-shaped as shown in Figure 4 and the outer ends of the barrel are coined at 40 in accordance with standard practice.
- the wire barrel 36 is unique in that it has two slots 42 in each wing 44 of the open wire barrel 36 so that each wing 44 of the open wire barrel 36 has three narrow fingers 45.
- the fingers 45 deform independently of each other in the crimping process and each produces a tighter crimp while minimizing the danger of cutting wire strands 18.
- a terminal 30 was made from tin plated bronze stock which was 0.016 inches (0.41mm) thick.
- the slots 42 were about 0.020 inches (0.51 mm) wide and extended down from the coined ends of the open wire barrel 36 for about 0.040 inches (1.02 mm) so that the fingers 45 were each about 0.034 inches (0.86 mm) wide and 0.040 inches (1.02 mm) long.
- the insulation barrel 38 is conventional in design.
- the terminal 30 is attached to the electric cable 12 with crimping dies generally of the form shown in the aforementioned Farnell patent so that the wire barrel 36 is tightly crimped around the end portion of the stranded wire conductor 14 (which has the Loctite AV applied thereto) and the insulation barrel is tightly crimped around the insulation jacket 16 as shown in Figure 5.
- FIG. 6 The appearance of a typical transversely cross-sectioned electrical crimp connection made in accordance with our invention is shown in Figure 6.
- This schematic drawing made from a scanning electron micrograph correctly depicts the dimensions of the tin plated bronze wire barrel 36 and a seven strand copper wire conductor 14.
- the hexagonal shape of the copper wire strands 18 and the predominance of boundaries intersecting at approximately 60° indicates that the copper wire strands 18 are under a high compressive stress while the areas designated 36d indicate that the tin plating on the interior wall of the crimped wire barrel 36 buckles severely.
- the electrical crimp connections were also analyzed with an electron microprobe.
- the resulting micrographs of boundaries between the copper strands 18 reveal a high concentration of carbon between adjacent copper strands which indicates that the Loctite AV was not expelled by the crimping process.
- the electrical properties of the electrical crimp connection are dominated by the interface between the copper wire strands 18 and the tin plating of the crimped wire barrel 36.
- Other micrographs (not shown) indicate that the Loctite AV nearly forms a complete boundary layer between the tin plating and stranded copper wire conductor 14. The Loctite AV thus reduces the effective contact area of the electrical crimp connection.
- Loctite AV-in the electrical crimp connection The role of Loctite AV-in the electrical crimp connection is believed to be as follows. Upon application, the Loctite AV partially cleans the native oxide from the copper wire strands 18 and the wire barrel 36. This cleaning action may be facilitated by the temperature rise as the crimping process is initiated. As the crimp is formed, Loctite AV remains inside the wire barrel 36. The Loctite AV is tenacious and reduces the contact area between the crimped wire barrel 36 and the copper wire strands 18. The slots 42 in the wire barrel 36 aid in establishing electrical contact by creating pressure gradients during the crimping process which encourage the flow of the unset Loctite AV.
- the tin plating or layer buckles and increases the area of the interface between the crimped wire barrel 36 and the copper wire strands 18. It is also likely that the electrical contact between the crimped wire barrel 36 and the copper wire strands 18 can be enhanced by dispersing conductive particles in the Loctite AV.
- the crimping process also excludes air from inside the crimped wire barrel 36 so that the Loctite AV inside the tightly crimped wire barrel 36 is in an essentially oxygen or air-free environment. Consequently, the Loctite AV starts to set up or polymerise when the wire barrel 36 is crimped.
- the Loctite AV When the Loctite AV is cured and forms a solid, it provides an air-tight seal for the interface between the crimped wire barrel 36 and the wire strands 18.
- This air-tight seal, formed by the Loctite AV is chemically inert and prevents oxidation of the contact interface. Consequently, the electrical resistance of crimp connection remains relatively constant over a prolonged life.
- the Loctite AV is also a tenacious adhesive, so that it also counters the tendency of the crimped wire barrel 36 to relax.
- the cured Loctite AV also enhances the mechanical connection between the crimped wire barrel 36 and the end portion of the stranded wire conductor 14.
- the cure time of the Loctite AV is two to six hours and the cure time is enhanced in this particular instance because the wire strands are copper.
- the cure time can also be substantially reduced to a matter of minutes by the use of a Loquic primer which is also marketed by the Loctite Corporation.
- a Loquic primer which is also marketed by the Loctite Corporation.
- the terminals 30 are normally attached to the cables 12 several hours before the terminals 30 and cables 12 are used, a fast cure time is usually not necessary. Consequently, the use of Loquic or another accelerator is not necessary in most instances.
Landscapes
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US28455581A | 1981-07-20 | 1981-07-20 | |
US284555 | 1981-07-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0070639A1 true EP0070639A1 (fr) | 1983-01-26 |
EP0070639B1 EP0070639B1 (fr) | 1986-02-26 |
Family
ID=23090640
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820303481 Expired EP0070639B1 (fr) | 1981-07-20 | 1982-07-02 | Connexion électrique de sertissage avec un agent anaérobique de scellage |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0070639B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS5825090A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1189690A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3269364D1 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4117016A1 (de) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-12-12 | Yazaki Corp | Pressverbindungsvorrichtung zum verbinden von kabeln und pressverbindungsverfahren |
DE4237900A1 (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-05-19 | Yazaki Corp | Watertight connector for electrical cables - has moulded contact elements to engage wires of cables embedded into organic sealing compound. |
US5532433A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1996-07-02 | Yazaki Corporation | Waterproof-type terminal connection structure and method of producing same |
EP1030403A2 (fr) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-23 | EM Kunststofftechnik GmbH | Câble électrique |
DE19929004A1 (de) * | 1999-06-24 | 2000-12-28 | Delphi Tech Inc | Crimpverbindung |
FR2928039A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-28 | Leoni Wiring Systems France Sa | Assemblage formant liaison electrique par sertissage. |
EP2323225A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-03 | 2011-05-18 | Yazaki Corporation | Raccord métallique de borne |
WO2015014498A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | Interroll Holding Ag | Rouleau de transport entraîné |
EP4024617A1 (fr) * | 2014-04-24 | 2022-07-06 | Molex, LLC | Garniture de borne |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02291676A (ja) * | 1990-01-12 | 1990-12-03 | Yazaki Corp | ワイヤリングハーネスの接続方法 |
JPH04136385A (ja) * | 1990-09-26 | 1992-05-11 | Mazda Motor Corp | 自動車のドアロック構造 |
JPH0686540U (ja) * | 1993-05-27 | 1994-12-20 | 株式会社服部セイコー | 皮革バンド用の接続装置 |
DE19727314B4 (de) * | 1997-06-27 | 2012-01-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Crimpverbindung |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2347540A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1944-04-25 | Nat Telephone Supply Co | Wire connecting device |
US2551299A (en) * | 1943-10-06 | 1951-05-01 | Aircraft Marine Prod Inc | Electrical connector and method of making the same |
US2655641A (en) * | 1948-10-29 | 1953-10-13 | Aircraft Marine Prod Inc | Electrical connector having a mercury amalgam coating on its inner surface |
US2906987A (en) * | 1955-12-28 | 1959-09-29 | Amp Inc | Stabilized crimped connections |
GB2041794A (en) * | 1979-02-20 | 1980-09-17 | Bicc Burndy Ltd | Improvements in or relating to ferrules |
-
1982
- 1982-02-08 CA CA000395708A patent/CA1189690A/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-07-02 DE DE8282303481T patent/DE3269364D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-07-02 EP EP19820303481 patent/EP0070639B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-07-20 JP JP12519082A patent/JPS5825090A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2347540A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1944-04-25 | Nat Telephone Supply Co | Wire connecting device |
US2551299A (en) * | 1943-10-06 | 1951-05-01 | Aircraft Marine Prod Inc | Electrical connector and method of making the same |
US2655641A (en) * | 1948-10-29 | 1953-10-13 | Aircraft Marine Prod Inc | Electrical connector having a mercury amalgam coating on its inner surface |
US2906987A (en) * | 1955-12-28 | 1959-09-29 | Amp Inc | Stabilized crimped connections |
GB2041794A (en) * | 1979-02-20 | 1980-09-17 | Bicc Burndy Ltd | Improvements in or relating to ferrules |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4117016A1 (de) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-12-12 | Yazaki Corp | Pressverbindungsvorrichtung zum verbinden von kabeln und pressverbindungsverfahren |
DE4237900B4 (de) * | 1991-11-13 | 2005-05-25 | Yazaki Corp. | Wasserdichte Durchgangsverbindung |
DE4237900A1 (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1993-05-19 | Yazaki Corp | Watertight connector for electrical cables - has moulded contact elements to engage wires of cables embedded into organic sealing compound. |
US5532433A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1996-07-02 | Yazaki Corporation | Waterproof-type terminal connection structure and method of producing same |
EP1030403A2 (fr) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-23 | EM Kunststofftechnik GmbH | Câble électrique |
EP1030403A3 (fr) * | 1999-02-17 | 2002-01-30 | EM Kunststofftechnik GmbH | Câble électrique |
DE19929004A1 (de) * | 1999-06-24 | 2000-12-28 | Delphi Tech Inc | Crimpverbindung |
FR2928039A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-28 | Leoni Wiring Systems France Sa | Assemblage formant liaison electrique par sertissage. |
EP2323225A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-03 | 2011-05-18 | Yazaki Corporation | Raccord métallique de borne |
CN102144336A (zh) * | 2008-09-03 | 2011-08-03 | 矢崎总业株式会社 | 端子配合器 |
EP2323225A4 (fr) * | 2008-09-03 | 2012-10-10 | Yazaki Corp | Raccord métallique de borne |
US8333624B2 (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2012-12-18 | Yazaki Corporation | Terminal fitting |
CN102144336B (zh) * | 2008-09-03 | 2013-07-17 | 矢崎总业株式会社 | 端子配合器 |
WO2015014498A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-05 | Interroll Holding Ag | Rouleau de transport entraîné |
EP4024617A1 (fr) * | 2014-04-24 | 2022-07-06 | Molex, LLC | Garniture de borne |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1189690A (fr) | 1985-07-02 |
JPS5825090A (ja) | 1983-02-15 |
EP0070639B1 (fr) | 1986-02-26 |
DE3269364D1 (en) | 1986-04-03 |
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