EP0067790B1 - Transducteur électro-acoustique mixte - Google Patents

Transducteur électro-acoustique mixte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0067790B1
EP0067790B1 EP82810201A EP82810201A EP0067790B1 EP 0067790 B1 EP0067790 B1 EP 0067790B1 EP 82810201 A EP82810201 A EP 82810201A EP 82810201 A EP82810201 A EP 82810201A EP 0067790 B1 EP0067790 B1 EP 0067790B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
electro
transducer
acoustic transducer
electret sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82810201A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0067790A1 (fr
Inventor
Ali Schneiter
Jean-Frédéric Flückiger
Anne Curchod
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asulab AG
Original Assignee
Asulab AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asulab AG filed Critical Asulab AG
Publication of EP0067790A1 publication Critical patent/EP0067790A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0067790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0067790B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
    • H04R23/02—Transducers using more than one principle simultaneously
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mixed electro-acoustic transducer, that is to say that can function as a transmitter and as an acoustic wave sensor in an ambient medium.
  • the invention aims to avoid this drawback by providing an electro-acoustic transducer of low volume, capable of operating selectively in microphone mode and in speaker mode.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a mixed transducer having at the same time the qualities which may be required of a microphone (good sensitivity, sufficiently uniform response curve, wide bandwidth, etc.) and a loudspeaker. small speaker (high sound level, low distortion rate, fairly wide frequency band if necessary, etc.).
  • the electro-acoustic transducer which comprises a receptacle with an opening for communication with the ambient medium, a first membrane mounted inside the receptacle, and means for vibrating this first membrane in response to an electrical excitation signal which is applied to them when the transducer operates as an emitter, further comprises a second membrane capable of vibrating under the effect of acoustic waves and disposed between the opening of the receptacle and the first membrane , away from the latter, coupling means for communicating the vibrations of the first membrane to the second membrane, and means for developing one. output signal in response to vibrations of the second membrane produced by acoustic waves propagating in the ambient environment when the transducer functions as a sensor.
  • the coupling means can comprise an air cushion contained in a closed chamber separating the two membranes, this chamber constituting, moreover, a rear acoustic cavity for the second membrane when the transducer operates as an emitter.
  • This coupling can also be achieved by a rigid mechanical connection between the two membranes.
  • the means for vibrating the first membrane may consist of an electromagnet.
  • the means for producing the output signal then comprising a front electrode and a rear electrode arranged on either side of the electret sheet, l 'one of the electrodes being integral with the latter, these means delivering a voltage signal representative of the vibration movements of the electret sheet.
  • the mixed electro-acoustic transducer shown diagrammatically, in section, in FIG. 1, comprises an open housing 1, formed by a cylindrical side wall 2 and a bottom 3 each made of an insulating material.
  • the bottom 3 of the housing carries the fixed part of an electromagnet generally designated by 4.
  • This fixed part comprises a yoke 5, made of soft magnetic material, having a base 5a surmounted by a core 5b which surrounds a coil 6.
  • a cylindrical part 5c of the cylinder head, which surrounds the coil 6 has its edge covered by an annular polarizing magnet 7.
  • Two holes 8a, 8b passing through the base 5a of the cylinder head 5 and the bottom 3 of the housing allowing the passage of the wire from the coil 6.
  • Each of the ends 9a, respectively 9b, of this wire is welded to a metal pad 10a, respectively 10b, carried by the outer face of the bottom 3 of the housing, this bottom possibly being advantageously constituted by a plate circuit board from which the metallized layer has been partially removed.
  • a metal pad 10a, respectively 10b carried by the outer face of the bottom 3 of the housing, this bottom possibly being advantageously constituted by a plate circuit board from which the metallized layer has been partially removed.
  • On the metal pads 10a, 10b are also welded the ends of two wires 11a, 11 by which an electrical excitation signal can be supplied to the coil 6.
  • a first metallic membrane 12 for example made of steel or a beryllium-copper alloy, which carries, on its rear face, facing the bottom of the case, a disc 13 made of soft magnetic material, constituting the movable armature of the electromagnet 4.
  • the metal membrane is fixed by its periphery, for example by welding, on a support 14 made of an electrically conductive material such as steel or the brass and bearing on an insulating ring 15, itself supported by the base 5a of the cylinder head 5, so that the armature 13 is a short distance from the upper face of the core 5b of the electromagnet when the membrane 12 is at rest.
  • the function of the insulating ring 15 which separates the support 14 from the membrane 12 of the base 5a and from the cylindrical part 5c of the cylinder head 5 will be indicated below.
  • the transducer comprises, in addition to the assembly which has just been described, the general structure of which is that of an electromagnetic type loudspeaker, and still inside the housing 1, elements of an electret, condenser microphone.
  • elements include a rear electrode or counter-electrode constituted by a rigid plate 16, made of an electrically conductive material, for example nickel silver.
  • This plate 16 has at its periphery, a flange 16a projecting from the side of the bottom 3 of the housing and bearing on the support 14 so that the plate 16 is spaced from the front face of the metal membrane 12 while being electrically connected to the support 14 and incidentally, but not necessarily in this embodiment, to this first membrane 12.
  • the microphone part also comprises, as a membrane, an electret sheet 17 placed in front of the counter electrode 16.
  • the electret sheet 17 has its front face oriented towards the opening of the housing, entirely covered by a metallic deposit 25 forming a front electrode and is highly tensioned and fixed on a metal annular ring 18 situated on the metallization side, so that there is an electrical connection between the ring 18 and the metal layer 15; this connection can be achieved using for example as a fixing means a conductive adhesive.
  • the edge of the rear face of the electret sheet 17 is applied against the periphery of a recess 16b of large area but shallow that has the plate 16.
  • the depth of the recess 16b is provided to allow the second diaphragm of the transducer, that is to say the electret sheet, to vibrate freely but also so that the distance between the latter and the rear electrode 16 remains very small.
  • the electret sheet 17 electrically insulates the metal layer 25 and the ring 18 from the counter-electrode 16.
  • the metal plate 16 is pierced with several holes 16c which can be distributed over a circle, at a sufficient distance from the center of this plate so as not to be almost blocked by the second membrane when the latter is subjected to movements of vibration which practically bring its central part into contact with the rear electrode 16.
  • These holes 16c ensure communication between the recess 16b and the space between the plate 16 and the first membrane 12 so as to produce between the two membranes a closed chamber 19 containing an air cushion through from which these two membranes are coupled.
  • This chamber 19 also serves as a rear acoustic cavity for the second membrane 17 when the transducer operates as a receiver.
  • the transducer shown in Figure 1, also includes a metal cover 20, made for example of aluminum, which covers the top of the housing as well as its side wall 2 by bearing directly on the metal ring 18.
  • the cover 20 has several lugs 20a folded over the bottom 3 of the housing, which keep it in place. At least one of these lugs 20a is in contact with a third conductive track 21 carried by the bottom of the housing and on which a ground wire 22 is welded. It is clear that, when the transducer is mounted in an apparatus, the wire 22 and the conductive track 21 are superfluous when the cover 20 is in contact with a part forming part of the mass of this device.
  • this cover 20 which covers the opening of the housing 1 is pierced with holes 20c, for example five in number and distributed as shown in the figure, that is to say one in the center and four arranged on a circle around the central orifice which bring the chamber 23 between the bottom 20b of the cover and the second membrane 17 into communication with the environment.
  • the bottom 3 of the housing is pierced with a hole 3a through which passes a wire 24 for signal output for the microphone, the end of which is welded to the support 14 of the first membrane.
  • This wire 24 like the wires 11a, 11b supplying the coil 6 and the ground wire 22, is connected to an electronic circuit, not shown, associated with the transducer.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer which has just been described functions as a sensor, only the microphone part works in the manner of a conventional electret microphone, that is to say that when the acoustic waves to be captured penetrate the chamber 23 through the orifices 20c of the cover, the second membrane 17 is subjected to vibrations.
  • This has the effect of varying the potential difference existing between the front electrode 25 and the rear electrode 16 which form a variable capacitor permanently charged under the effect of the electric field created by the electret sheet in its vicinity.
  • the low voltage signal thus produced is applied to the gate of a field effect transistor forming part of the electronic circuit associated with the transducer, to which the microphone output wire 24 is connected, in order to be amplified to be then used for specific purposes.
  • the mixed transducer is therefore practically equivalent to separate microphones and loudspeaker while having the advantages of a smaller footprint and a lower cost price, taking into account the fact that a single housing and a single cover are necessary.
  • the membranes 12 and 17, the volume of the chamber 19, which directly influences the sensitivity and the resonance frequency of the transducer, the number, the size and the distribution of the holes 16c of the plate 16 and possibly d other parameters, such as the volume of the chamber 23, the number, the size and the arrangement of the orifices 20c of the cover, which can intervene as regards the characteristics of the transducer, must be chosen according to the acoustic signals that this transducer will have to capture or transmit and qualities that will be required of him, taking into account the use that will be made of it.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows in section another possible embodiment of a mixed transducer always using the essential elements of a loudspeaker of the electromagnetic type and of an electret microphone.
  • Certain constituent parts of the transducer of FIG. 1 which are identical or with minor modifications of adaptation, in this second embodiment are designated by the same references.
  • the microphone counter-electrode here consists of the first metallic membrane 26 which, in this case, must necessarily be electrically connected to its support 14.
  • This first membrane which always carries on its underside the armature 13 of the electromagnet 4, has holes 26a connecting the intermediate space between the two membranes 17 and 26, very small in this embodiment, with the enclosed space defined by the upper face of the fixed part of the electromagnet 4, the support 14 of the first membrane 26 and this first membrane itself, so as to constitute a rear acoustic cavity 27 of sufficient volume for the second membrane 17.
  • coupling means are provided to ensure a rigid mechanical connection between the two membranes. They consist of a metal spacer 28, fixed on one side to the advent face of the first membrane 26, in the center of the latter, and on the other side, to the rear face of the electret sheet 17, this fixing can be done for example by gluing or welding; in the latter case, a metallization must naturally be provided at the center of the rear face of the second membrane 17. The two membranes then no longer form a single organ vibrating at the frequency of the excitation signal when the transducer operates as an emitter.
  • the electromagnet can be replaced by a piezoelectric crystal fixed on or coupled to the first membrane.
  • the mixed transducer by combining the elements of simple transducers of different types. Several combinations are possible. The choice of one or the other of them naturally depends on the use to which the transducer is reserved.
  • a conductive and perforated wall thereof can act as a cover.
  • the transducer will be mounted so that the metal ring 18 bears against the watch case provided with holes at this location.
  • the housing can be replaced by any other receptacle adapted to receive the other elements of the transducer.
  • This receptacle can consist, for example, of a cavity inside an insulating part, this part being intended to support or contain not only the transducer but also other devices.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
EP82810201A 1981-06-01 1982-05-14 Transducteur électro-acoustique mixte Expired EP0067790B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3588/81 1981-06-01
CH355881A CH642504A5 (en) 1981-06-01 1981-06-01 Hybrid electroacoustic transducer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0067790A1 EP0067790A1 (fr) 1982-12-22
EP0067790B1 true EP0067790B1 (fr) 1985-08-28

Family

ID=4258576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82810201A Expired EP0067790B1 (fr) 1981-06-01 1982-05-14 Transducteur électro-acoustique mixte

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4504703A (ja)
EP (1) EP0067790B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS57207500A (ja)
CH (1) CH642504A5 (ja)
DE (1) DE3265798D1 (ja)
HK (1) HK75990A (ja)

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CH642504A5 (en) * 1981-06-01 1984-04-13 Asulab Sa Hybrid electroacoustic transducer
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DE3852156T2 (de) * 1987-03-04 1995-05-11 Hosiden Corp Membraneinheit eines elektrostatischen mikrophons, ein verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ein elektrostatisches mikrophon.
US4815560A (en) * 1987-12-04 1989-03-28 Industrial Research Products, Inc. Microphone with frequency pre-emphasis
US5001763A (en) * 1989-08-10 1991-03-19 Mnc Inc. Electroacoustic device for hearing needs including noise cancellation
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US5524058A (en) * 1994-01-12 1996-06-04 Mnc, Inc. Apparatus for performing noise cancellation in telephonic devices and headwear
JP2744413B2 (ja) * 1994-10-03 1998-04-28 スター精密株式会社 電磁音響変換器
JP3606877B2 (ja) * 1995-09-04 2005-01-05 松下電器産業株式会社 サウンダー
JP3560726B2 (ja) * 1996-04-11 2004-09-02 スター精密株式会社 小型電気音響変換器
JP3251868B2 (ja) * 1996-10-28 2002-01-28 スター精密株式会社 電磁音響変換器
JP3532715B2 (ja) * 1996-11-20 2004-05-31 スター精密株式会社 電磁音響変換器
JP3618498B2 (ja) * 1996-12-26 2005-02-09 株式会社シチズン電子 表面実装型電磁発音体
US6134336A (en) * 1998-05-14 2000-10-17 Motorola, Inc. Integrated speaker assembly of a portable electronic device
CA2315417A1 (en) * 1999-08-11 2001-02-11 Hiroshi Une Electret capacitor microphone
JP3611779B2 (ja) * 1999-12-09 2005-01-19 シャープ株式会社 電気信号−音響信号変換器及びその製造方法並びに電気信号−音響変換装置
US6707920B2 (en) * 2000-12-12 2004-03-16 Otologics Llc Implantable hearing aid microphone
DE10316287B3 (de) * 2003-04-09 2004-07-15 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Richtmikrofon
FR2858164B1 (fr) * 2003-07-25 2007-12-28 Cit Alcatel Transducteur de restitution de son
NO317922B1 (no) * 2003-08-25 2005-01-03 Tandberg Telecom As Magnetmikrofon
US7204799B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2007-04-17 Otologics, Llc Microphone optimized for implant use
US7556597B2 (en) * 2003-11-07 2009-07-07 Otologics, Llc Active vibration attenuation for implantable microphone
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US7840020B1 (en) 2004-04-01 2010-11-23 Otologics, Llc Low acceleration sensitivity microphone
US8096937B2 (en) 2005-01-11 2012-01-17 Otologics, Llc Adaptive cancellation system for implantable hearing instruments
EP2624597B1 (en) * 2005-01-11 2014-09-10 Cochlear Limited Implantable hearing system
DE102005008514B4 (de) * 2005-02-24 2019-05-16 Tdk Corporation Mikrofonmembran und Mikrofon mit der Mikrofonmembran
DE102005008511B4 (de) * 2005-02-24 2019-09-12 Tdk Corporation MEMS-Mikrofon
DE102005008512B4 (de) * 2005-02-24 2016-06-23 Epcos Ag Elektrisches Modul mit einem MEMS-Mikrofon
US7489793B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2009-02-10 Otologics, Llc Implantable microphone with shaped chamber
DE102005053767B4 (de) * 2005-11-10 2014-10-30 Epcos Ag MEMS-Mikrofon, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verfahren zum Einbau
DE102005053765B4 (de) * 2005-11-10 2016-04-14 Epcos Ag MEMS-Package und Verfahren zur Herstellung
US7522738B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-04-21 Otologics, Llc Dual feedback control system for implantable hearing instrument
US8472654B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2013-06-25 Cochlear Limited Observer-based cancellation system for implantable hearing instruments
US8771166B2 (en) 2009-05-29 2014-07-08 Cochlear Limited Implantable auditory stimulation system and method with offset implanted microphones
DE102013106353B4 (de) * 2013-06-18 2018-06-28 Tdk Corporation Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer strukturierten Beschichtung auf ein Bauelement
DE102013211630A1 (de) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektroakustischer Wandler
TWI548285B (zh) * 2015-03-13 2016-09-01 Taiwan Carol Electronics Co Ltd Active anti - vibration microphone
US10284968B2 (en) 2015-05-21 2019-05-07 Cochlear Limited Advanced management of an implantable sound management system
US11071869B2 (en) 2016-02-24 2021-07-27 Cochlear Limited Implantable device having removable portion
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CH642504A5 (en) * 1981-06-01 1984-04-13 Asulab Sa Hybrid electroacoustic transducer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3265798D1 (en) 1985-10-03
CH642504A5 (en) 1984-04-13
US4504703A (en) 1985-03-12
EP0067790A1 (fr) 1982-12-22
JPS57207500A (en) 1982-12-20
JPH0155640B2 (ja) 1989-11-27
HK75990A (en) 1990-09-28

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