EP0064661B1 - Ramming mechanism for automatic guns having a sliding wedge breech block - Google Patents

Ramming mechanism for automatic guns having a sliding wedge breech block Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0064661B1
EP0064661B1 EP82103537A EP82103537A EP0064661B1 EP 0064661 B1 EP0064661 B1 EP 0064661B1 EP 82103537 A EP82103537 A EP 82103537A EP 82103537 A EP82103537 A EP 82103537A EP 0064661 B1 EP0064661 B1 EP 0064661B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
control
axis
roller
control groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82103537A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0064661A3 (en
EP0064661A2 (en
Inventor
Lothar Post
Hans Kuffer
Bernhard Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
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Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0064661A2 publication Critical patent/EP0064661A2/en
Publication of EP0064661A3 publication Critical patent/EP0064661A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0064661B1 publication Critical patent/EP0064661B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42Rammers separate from breech-block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A7/00Auxiliary mechanisms for bringing the breech-block or bolt or the barrel to the starting position before automatic firing; Drives for externally-powered guns; Remote-controlled gun chargers
    • F41A7/08Drives for externally-powered guns, i.e. drives for moving the breech-block or bolt by an external force during automatic firing
    • F41A7/10Drives for externally-powered guns, i.e. drives for moving the breech-block or bolt by an external force during automatic firing using a rotating cylindrical drum having a camming groove

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging device with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a charging device is known from CH-PS-431 330.
  • This arrangement is very susceptible to failure because of the need for a spring and a large number of individual parts. It is also not suitable for caseless ammunition and it requires a reciprocating drive for the movement of the carrier of the carrier.
  • a loading direction with an endless chain rotating in only one direction with at least one towing element is known from US Pat. No. 2,410,116.
  • the loading chain is arranged in the rear extension of the weapon barrel in such a way that it wraps around two sprockets that can be rotated axially about horizontal axes.
  • a chain drum on the upper side moving against the tube ensures, by means of the towing element, that the respective ammunition unit is transported in a straight line and aligned with the tube core axis.
  • the towing element is guided through the area of the locking wedge around a sprocket wheel from the upper drum to the lower drum of the loading chain. High cadences are therefore not possible with the charger according to the US PS.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a loading device of the type mentioned at the outset which permits high cadences and at the same time precludes obstruction of the locking wedge and prevents the ammunition unit from rebounding with certainty. It should be possible to use a drive rotating in one direction and a robust construction which is not susceptible to faults and with few individual parts should be created. It should also be used for ammunition without a cartridge case.
  • an automatic tube weapon has a tube 77 with a core axis A1, the rear part of which is held in a weapon housing 81.
  • a closure part 79 is arranged to be drivable in a manner not shown.
  • an axis A3 which is a front 59 and a rear bearing 61, extends in a feeder housing 90.
  • an axis of rotation A4 of a control roller 51 mounted at 59 and 61 is essentially in the form of a circular cylindrical cross section.
  • a control groove 53 with a front 78 and a rear deflection area 80 (see also FIG. 4) and a central crossing area 57 extends over the outer lateral surface of the control roller 51.
  • the control roller 51 can be driven at 55 in a manner not shown in detail.
  • the feeder housing 90 has a left-hand and a right-hand gerard guide groove 92 (not shown) for a carrier 26.
  • the carrier 26 (see also FIGS. 5 and 6) has a lower opening 42 and a top opening 43 in a housing (not designated in more detail), which are designed as bearings for a control member 45.
  • the openings 42 and 43 are aligned with one another and enclose a pin-shaped force-locking member 63 on the underside and a pivot pin 63 coaxial therewith.
  • the control member 45 is provided on a front surface 47, the track of which follows an arc in the plane of the drawing, with a control groove 49 (see also FIG. 2).
  • the latter serves to control a driver 10 for upward and downward movement.
  • the driver 10 has at the free end of a front cantilever, not specified a nose 12 and is mounted in the carrier 26 by means of an ankle weld 14 about an axis 16 crossing the axis A1 of the soul.
  • a rear end of the driver 10 facing away from the nose 12 is designed as a ball 18, which corresponds to the control groove 49 in a force-fitting manner.
  • the free end of the force-locking member 63 facing the control roller 51 is rigidly connected to a guide element 67, the two parts of which, not specified in more detail, include a guide roller 67 'between them.
  • the length 73 of the guide element 67 is greater than the width 75 of the control groove 53.
  • the rotation of the control roller 51 results in a movement of the connection between the control member 45 and the control groove 53 via the force-locking member 63 with the elements 67 and 67 ' by straight guide grooves 92 linearly guided carrier 26 in the direction of arrows R1 and R2.
  • the control member 45 rotates with an upward and downward movement of the nose 12 of the driver 10, which is to be described in more detail, via the frictional connection between the ball 18 with the control groove 49.
  • the feeder housing 90 with the straight guide 92 for the carrier 26 encloses an arrangement with a roller chain 62 which is guided around a front 66 and a rear sprocket 70 and which integrates a stud bolt 64 directed upwards against the carrier 26.
  • the two sprockets 66 and 70 are arranged to rotate counterclockwise about a respective axis 68 or 72, the extensions of which intersect a rear extension of the tube core axis A1, not shown here, at 90 °.
  • the control element 46 which is of bar-shaped design here, is schematically indicated in four different positions in FIG.
  • the carrier 26 encloses with its upper part 28 with guide surfaces 30, 32, 34 and 36 a receptacle for the control member 46.
  • the latter has a control groove 50 in the region of its front surface 48, which is shown in FIG.
  • the driver 10 with its front nose 12 and its rear ball 18 is in turn mounted for the upward and downward movement in the direction of the arrows R3 and R4 about the articulation axis 16 crossing the tube core axis A1 by means of the articulation shaft 14.
  • the ball 18 passes through a front-side opening 44 in the upper part 28 and corresponds non-positively to the control groove 50 in the control member 46.
  • An underside opening 42 in the upper part 28 of the carrier 26 is an underside receptacle 60 in the control member 46 for the free end of the stud bolt facing away from the roller chain 62 64 assigned.
  • the stud 64 moves in the direction of the arrow R5, wherein it moves the control member 46 in the support 26 from a position 52 to a position 54, from which it moves via a position 56 in the front deflection area 78 as the stud continues to rotate 64 to position 58 and finally back to position 52.
  • the control member 46 is moved transversely with respect to the direction of movement in the direction of the arrows R1 and R2 of the carrier 26, the driver 10 is deflected with its nose 12 in the direction of the arrows R3 and R4.
  • the carrier 26 is in the position shown in FIG. 1 in section and in FIG. 4 in plan view and there with "52" (the reference sign in quotation marks refers to the inevitable mutual spatial position in the relevant position of the carrier 26 Assignment of the control groove 49; 50 to the cone 18).
  • an ammunition unit 85 with a projectile 87 and a caseless propellant body 89 is brought “over center” in such a way that its axis A2 is aligned with the core axis A1 of the tube 77.
  • the driver 10 is deflected by its nose 12 via the control member 45, 46 in such a way that the latter is in contact with a base surface 89 'of the propellant charge body 89 of the ammunition unit 85; the ball 18 is located in that area of the control groove 49; 50, which is designated 52 in FIGS. 2 and 7.
  • the locking wedge 79 is in the position shown in Figure 1.
  • the ammunition unit 85 is inserted in a straight line and in the aforementioned sense, axially aligned in the cargo space 83 in such a way that the nose 12 as long as Contact with the base surface 89 'of the ammunition unit 85 remains until the locking wedge 79 from its open position shown in FIG. 1, on its downward movement in the direction of the arrow R7, covers an unspecified upper region of the base surface 89' on the back, so that advantageously also at high speed a bouncing back of the ammunition unit 85 in the cargo space 83 is prevented.
  • the rear deflection area 80 is the relative movement of the control groove 49; 50 assigned to the ball 18 by the already mentioned position 52; the driver 10 is deflected with his nose 12 again in the direction of arrow R4 at the end of the firing cycle described, so that contact between the nose 12 and the base surface 89 'of a next ammunition unit 85 is possible again.
  • FIGS. 1-10 In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS.
  • control member 45 moves as a rotation about the axis A5 as a result of the deflecting guidance of the guide element 67 in the control groove 53.
  • Figure 3 the control member 46 is superimposed on the linear movement of the carrier 26 in the direction of the arrows R1 or R2 in the direction of the arrows R5 or R6 transversely to the respective direction of movement of the carrier 26.
  • the loading device according to the invention is described, illustrated and claimed in connection with an automatic barrel weapon with a cross closure.
  • the best-known and most important example of a cross lock is the wedge lock, which has a locking wedge that can be moved back and forth transversely to the tube core axis.
  • the reciprocating movement transverse to the tube core axis is the essential feature with respect to the closure and not a (wedge) angle enclosed between two reference surfaces, the more general term is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Control Of Conveyors (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ladeeinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a charging device with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

Eine derartige Ladeeinrichtung ist aus der CH-PS-431 330 bekannt. Dort wird eine dem Schußzyklus zugeordnete Schwenkbewegung eines Mitnehmers in einer Richtung mit Hilfe eines Anschlags am Waffengehäuse, der den Mitnehmer gegen die Wirkung einer Feder schwenkt, und in anderer Richtung mit Hilfe eines Schwenkhebels, der nach dem Abfeuern des Geschosses beim Auswerfen der Geschoßhülse von dieser herumgeschwenkt wird, bewirkt. Diese Anordnung ist wegen des Erfordernisses einer Feder sowie einer Vielzahl von Einzelteilen sehr störanfällig. Sie ist außerdem für hülsenlose Munition nicht geeignet und sie erfordert einen hin-und hergehenden Antrieb für die Bewegung des Trägers des Mitnehmers.Such a charging device is known from CH-PS-431 330. There is a pivotal movement associated with the firing cycle of a driver in one direction with the aid of a stop on the weapon housing, which pivots the driver against the action of a spring, and in the other direction with the aid of a pivot lever which, after firing the projectile, ejects the projectile sleeve from it is pivoted around. This arrangement is very susceptible to failure because of the need for a spring and a large number of individual parts. It is also not suitable for caseless ammunition and it requires a reciprocating drive for the movement of the carrier of the carrier.

Eine Laderichtung mit einer nur in einer Richtung umlaufenden endlosen Kette mit wenigstens einem Schleppelement ist zwar aus der US-PS 2410 116 bekannt. Dort ist die Ladekette in rückseitiger Verlängerung des Waffenrohres derart angeordnet, daß sie zwei mit axialem Abstand voneinander um waagerechte Achsen drehbare Kettenzahnräder umschlingt. Ein sich gegen das Rohr bewegendes oberseitiges Kettendrum sorgt mittels des Schleppelements für einen geradlinigen und mit der Rohrseelenachse fluchtenden Transport der jeweiligen Munitionseinheit. Das Schleppelement wird dabei durch den Bereich des Verschlußkeils um ein Kettenzahnrad herum vom Oberdrum zum Unterdrum der Ladekette geführt. Hohe Kadenzen sind daher mit der Ladeeinrichtung nach der US-PS nicht möglich.A loading direction with an endless chain rotating in only one direction with at least one towing element is known from US Pat. No. 2,410,116. There, the loading chain is arranged in the rear extension of the weapon barrel in such a way that it wraps around two sprockets that can be rotated axially about horizontal axes. A chain drum on the upper side moving against the tube ensures, by means of the towing element, that the respective ammunition unit is transported in a straight line and aligned with the tube core axis. The towing element is guided through the area of the locking wedge around a sprocket wheel from the upper drum to the lower drum of the loading chain. High cadences are therefore not possible with the charger according to the US PS.

Bei hohen Kadenzen, bei denen eine jeweilige Munitionseinheit mit hoher Geschwindigkeit in den Ladungsraum eingeführt wird, kann es darüber hinaus zum Rückprellen kommen, wodurch sowohl Beschädigungen an der Munition wie auch Behinderungen des Verschlußkeils möglich werden.At high cadences, in which a respective ammunition unit is inserted into the cargo space at high speed, rebounding can also occur, as a result of which both damage to the ammunition and obstructions to the locking wedge are possible.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ladeeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, welche hohe Kadenzen zuläßt und dabei eine Behinderung des Verschlußkeils ausschließt sowie ein Rückprellen der Munitionseinheit mit Sicherheit vermeidet. Dabei soll ein in einer Richtung umlaufender Antrieb einsetzbar sein und es soll eine wenig störanfällige robuste Konstruktion mit wenig Einzelteilen geschaffen sein. Sie soll auch für Munition ohne Treibladungshülse einsetzbar sein.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a loading device of the type mentioned at the outset which permits high cadences and at the same time precludes obstruction of the locking wedge and prevents the ammunition unit from rebounding with certainty. It should be possible to use a drive rotating in one direction and a robust construction which is not susceptible to faults and with few individual parts should be created. It should also be used for ammunition without a cartridge case.

Gelöst wird die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe durch die im Patentanspruch 1 genannten Merkmale. Die Unteransprüche nennen Ausführungsarten der Erfindung.The above object is achieved by the features mentioned in claim 1. The subclaims list embodiments of the invention.

Die Erfindung wird anhand zweier in der Zeichnung schematisch und unter Verzicht auf erfindungsunwesentliche Einzelheiten dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele nachstehend unter Hinweis auf sich aus den jeweiligen Ausgestaltungslehren ergebende Vorteile des näheren erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to two exemplary embodiments shown schematically in the drawing and without details that are not essential to the invention and with reference to the advantages of the details given in the respective design gauges.

Es zeigt :

  • Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Steuerwalze an einer Querverschluß-Rohrwaffe ausschnittweise im längsaxialen Schnitt,
  • Figur 2 eine Abwicklung einer Steuernut für einen Mitnehmer in einem gegenüber Figur 1 vergroßerten Maßstab,
  • Figur 3 eine Abwicklung einer Steuernut der Steuerwalze in einem gegenüber Figur 1 vergroßerten Maßstab,
  • Figur 4 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Steuerkette schematisch in Draufsicht,
  • Figur 5 einen Träger mit Mitnehmer im seitlichen Aufriß, teilweise geschnitten, in einem gegenüber Figur 4 vergrößerten Maßstab,
  • Figur 6 den Träger in Draufsicht in Richtung eines Pfeils VI in Figur 5 und
  • Figur 7 eine Abwicklung einer Steuernut für den Mitnehmer.
It shows :
  • 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment with a control roller on a cross-lock barrel weapon in sections in a longitudinal axial section,
  • 2 shows a development of a control groove for a driver on a larger scale than FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a development of a control groove of the control roller on a larger scale than FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 shows a second exemplary embodiment with a timing chain schematically in a top view,
  • FIG. 5 shows a carrier with a driver in side elevation, partly in section, on an enlarged scale compared to FIG. 4,
  • Figure 6 shows the carrier in plan view in the direction of an arrow VI in Figure 5 and
  • Figure 7 is a settlement of a tax groove for the driver.

Für gleiche Teile werden in sämtlichen Figuren der Zeichnung übereinstimmende Bezugszeichen verwendet.The same reference numerals are used for the same parts in all the figures of the drawing.

Gemäß Figur 1 weist eine automatische Rohrwaffe ein Rohr 77 mit einer Seelenachse A1 auf, dessen rückseitiger Teil in einem Waffengehäuse 81 gehaltert ist. Zur gesteuerten Auf- und Abwärtsbewegung in Richtung eines jeweiligen Pfeils R7 und R8 ist ein Verschlußteil 79 auf nicht dargestellte Weise antreibbar angeordnet. In einer nicht näher bezeichneten senkrechten Ebene mit der Seelenachse A1 erstreckt sich im Rückseitenbereich des Rohres 77 in einem Zubringergehäuse 90 eine einem vorder- 59 und einem rückseitigen Lager 61 eigene Achse A3. Mit letzterer fluchtet eine Drehachse A4 einer bei 59 und 61 gelagerten Steuerwalze 51 im wesentlichen kreiszylindrischen Querschnitts. Über die äußere Mantelfläche der Steuerwalze 51 erstreckt sich eine Steuernut 53 mit einem vorder- 78 und einem rückseitigen Umlenkbereich 80 (s. auch Figur 4) und einem mittleren Kreuzungsbereich 57. Auf nicht näher dargestellte Weise ist die Steuerwalze 51 bei 55 antreibbar. Das Zubringergehäuse 90 weist eine nicht dargestellte linke und eine rechte Gerardführungsnut 92 für einen Träger 26 auf. Der Träger 26 (s. auch die Figuren 5 und 6) weist in einem nicht näher bezeichneten Gehäuse eine untere 42 und eine oberseitige Öffnung 43 auf, welche als Lager für ein Steuerorgan 45 ausgebildet sind. Die Öffnungen 42 und 43 fluchten miteinander und umschließen ein unterseitiges zapfenförmiges Kraftschlußglied 63 und einen diesem koaxialen Drehzapfen 63:. Das Steuerorgan 45 ist auf einer Vorderfläche 47, deren Spur in der Zeichnungsebene einem Kreisbogen folgt, mit einer Steuernut 49 versehen (s. auch Figur 2). Letztere dient zur Aussteuerung eines Mitnehmers 10 zur Auf- und Abwärtsbewegung. Der Mitnehmer 10 weist am freien Ende eines nicht näher bezeichneten vorderseitigen Kragarms eine Nase 12 auf und ist mittels einer Anienkweiie 14 um eine die Seelenachse A1 querende Achse 16 im Träger 26 gelagert. Ein der Nase 12 abgewandtes rückseitiges Ende des Mitnehmers 10 ist als Kugel 18 ausgebildet, welche mit der Steuernut 49 kraftschlüssig korrespondiert. Das der Steuerwalze 51 zugewandte freie Ende des Kraftschlußgliedes 63 ist mit einem Führungselement 67 starr verbunden, dessen beide nicht näher bezeichneten achsfluchtenden Teile eine Führungsrolle 67' zwischen sich einschließen. Die Länge 73 des Führungselements 67 ist größer als die Breite 75 der Steuernut 53. Aus der Drehung der Steuerwalze 51 resultiert im Zusammenhang mit dem Kraftschluß zwischen dem Steuerorgan 45 und der Steuernut 53 über das Kraftschlußglied 63 mit den Elementen 67 und 67' eine Bewegung des durch Geradführungsnuten 92 linear geführten Trägers 26 in Richtung der Pfeile R1 und R2. Dabei ergibt sich beim Durchlaufen der beiden Umlenkbereiche 78 und 80 über das Führungselement 67 eine Drehung des Steuerorgans 45 mit einer noch näher zu beschreibenden Auf- und Abwärtsbewegung der Nase 12 des Mitnehmers 10 über den Kraftschluß zwischen der Kugel 18 mit der Steuernut 49.According to FIG. 1, an automatic tube weapon has a tube 77 with a core axis A1, the rear part of which is held in a weapon housing 81. For the controlled upward and downward movement in the direction of a respective arrow R7 and R8, a closure part 79 is arranged to be drivable in a manner not shown. In an unspecified vertical plane with the core axis A1, in the rear region of the tube 77, an axis A3, which is a front 59 and a rear bearing 61, extends in a feeder housing 90. With the latter, an axis of rotation A4 of a control roller 51 mounted at 59 and 61 is essentially in the form of a circular cylindrical cross section. A control groove 53 with a front 78 and a rear deflection area 80 (see also FIG. 4) and a central crossing area 57 extends over the outer lateral surface of the control roller 51. The control roller 51 can be driven at 55 in a manner not shown in detail. The feeder housing 90 has a left-hand and a right-hand gerard guide groove 92 (not shown) for a carrier 26. The carrier 26 (see also FIGS. 5 and 6) has a lower opening 42 and a top opening 43 in a housing (not designated in more detail), which are designed as bearings for a control member 45. The openings 42 and 43 are aligned with one another and enclose a pin-shaped force-locking member 63 on the underside and a pivot pin 63 coaxial therewith. The control member 45 is provided on a front surface 47, the track of which follows an arc in the plane of the drawing, with a control groove 49 (see also FIG. 2). The latter serves to control a driver 10 for upward and downward movement. The driver 10 has at the free end of a front cantilever, not specified a nose 12 and is mounted in the carrier 26 by means of an ankle weld 14 about an axis 16 crossing the axis A1 of the soul. A rear end of the driver 10 facing away from the nose 12 is designed as a ball 18, which corresponds to the control groove 49 in a force-fitting manner. The free end of the force-locking member 63 facing the control roller 51 is rigidly connected to a guide element 67, the two parts of which, not specified in more detail, include a guide roller 67 'between them. The length 73 of the guide element 67 is greater than the width 75 of the control groove 53. The rotation of the control roller 51 results in a movement of the connection between the control member 45 and the control groove 53 via the force-locking member 63 with the elements 67 and 67 ' by straight guide grooves 92 linearly guided carrier 26 in the direction of arrows R1 and R2. When the two deflection regions 78 and 80 pass through the guide element 67, the control member 45 rotates with an upward and downward movement of the nose 12 of the driver 10, which is to be described in more detail, via the frictional connection between the ball 18 with the control groove 49.

Bevor hier die Wirkungsweise des vorbeschriebenen ersten Ausführungsbeispiels nach den Figuren 1 bis 3 erläutert wird, soll zunächst das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 4 bis 7 erörtert werden.Before the mode of operation of the above-described first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is explained here, the second exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 7 will first be discussed.

Wie aus Figur 4 ersichtlich, umschließt das Zubringergehäuse 90 mit der Geradführung 92 für den Träger 26 eine Anordnung mit einer um ein vorder- 66 und ein rückseitiges Kettenrad 70 geführten Rollenkette 62, welcher ein nach oben gegen den Träger 26 gerichteter Stehbolzen 64 integriert ist. Die beiden Kettenräder 66 und 70 sind zur Drehung im Gegenuhrzeigersinn um eine betreffende Achse 68 bzw. 72 angeordnet, wobei deren Verlängerungen eine rückseitige Verlängerung der hier nicht dargestellten Rohrseelenachse A1 unter 90° schneiden. Anstelle des in den Figuren 5 und 6 vergrößert dargestellten Trägers 26 ist in Figur 4 nur das hier balkenförmig ausgebildete Steuerorgan 46 schematisch in vier unterschiedlichen Positionen angedeutet. Der Träger 26 umschließt mit seinem Oberteil 28 mit Führungsflächen 30, 32, 34 und 36 eine Aufnahme für das Steuerorgan 46. Letzteres weist im Bereich seiner Vorderfläche 48 eine Steuernut 50 auf, die in Figur 7 dargestellt ist. Im Oberteil 28 ist entsprechend dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel um die die Rohrseelenachse A1 querende Anlenkachse 16 mittels der Anlenkwelle 14 wiederum der Mitnehmer 10 mit seiner vorderseitigen Nase 12 und seiner rückseitigen Kugel 18 zur Auf-und Abwärtsbewegung in Richtung der Pfeile R3 und R4 gelagert. Die Kugel 18 durchgreift eine vorderseitige Öffnung 44 im Oberteil 28 und korrespondiert kraftschlüssig mit der Steuernut 50 im Steuerorgan 46. Einer unterseitigen Öffnung 42 im Oberteil 28 des Trägers 26 ist eine unterseitige Aufnahme 60 im Steuerorgan 46 für das der Rollenkette 62 abgewandte freie Ende des Stehbolzens 64 zugeordnet. Im rückseitigen Umlenkbereich 80 bewegt sich der Stehbolzen 64 in Richtung des Pfeils R5, wobei er in dem Träger 26 das Steuerorgan 46 aus einer Position 52 in eine Position 54 verschiebt, aus welcher es über eine Position 56 im vorderseitigen Umlenkbereich 78 beim weiteren Umlauf des Stehbolzens 64 in die Position 58 und schließlich wieder in die Position 52 belangt. Bei der Querverschiebung des Steuerorgans 46 gegenüber der Bewegungsrichtung im Sinne der Pfeile R1 und R2 des Trägers 26 wird der Mitnehmer 10 mit seiner Nase 12 in Richtung des Pfeils R3 bzw. R4 ausgelenkt.As can be seen from FIG. 4, the feeder housing 90 with the straight guide 92 for the carrier 26 encloses an arrangement with a roller chain 62 which is guided around a front 66 and a rear sprocket 70 and which integrates a stud bolt 64 directed upwards against the carrier 26. The two sprockets 66 and 70 are arranged to rotate counterclockwise about a respective axis 68 or 72, the extensions of which intersect a rear extension of the tube core axis A1, not shown here, at 90 °. Instead of the carrier 26 shown enlarged in FIGS. 5 and 6, only the control element 46, which is of bar-shaped design here, is schematically indicated in four different positions in FIG. The carrier 26 encloses with its upper part 28 with guide surfaces 30, 32, 34 and 36 a receptacle for the control member 46. The latter has a control groove 50 in the region of its front surface 48, which is shown in FIG. In the upper part 28, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment, the driver 10 with its front nose 12 and its rear ball 18 is in turn mounted for the upward and downward movement in the direction of the arrows R3 and R4 about the articulation axis 16 crossing the tube core axis A1 by means of the articulation shaft 14. The ball 18 passes through a front-side opening 44 in the upper part 28 and corresponds non-positively to the control groove 50 in the control member 46. An underside opening 42 in the upper part 28 of the carrier 26 is an underside receptacle 60 in the control member 46 for the free end of the stud bolt facing away from the roller chain 62 64 assigned. In the rear deflection area 80, the stud 64 moves in the direction of the arrow R5, wherein it moves the control member 46 in the support 26 from a position 52 to a position 54, from which it moves via a position 56 in the front deflection area 78 as the stud continues to rotate 64 to position 58 and finally back to position 52. When the control member 46 is moved transversely with respect to the direction of movement in the direction of the arrows R1 and R2 of the carrier 26, the driver 10 is deflected with its nose 12 in the direction of the arrows R3 and R4.

Nachfolgend soll die Wirkungsweise der Ladeeinrichtung nach der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf sämtliche Figuren der Zeichnung beschrieben werden.The mode of operation of the charging device according to the invention will be described below with reference to all figures of the drawing.

Zu Beginn eines Schußzyklus befindet sich der Träger 26 in der in Figur 1 im Schnitt und in Figur 4 in Draufsicht und dort mit « 52 bezeichneten Stellung (das in Anführungszeichen gesetzte Bezugszeichen bezieht sich auf die bei der betreffenden Stellung des Trägers 26 zwangsläufige, gegenseitige räumliche Zuordnung der Steuernut 49 ; 50 zur Kegel 18). In einem nicht dargestellten Gurt ist eine Munitionseinheit 85 mit einem Geschoß 87 und einem hülsenlosen Treibladungskörper 89 derart «über Mitte» gebracht, daß ihre Achse A2 mit der Seelenachse A1 des Rohres 77 fluchtet. Über das Steuerorgan 45, 46 ist der Mitnehmer 10 mit seiner Nase 12 derart ausgelenkt, daß letztere mit einer Basisfläche 89' des Treibladungskörpers 89 der Munitionseinheit 85 in Berührung steht ; die Kugel 18 befindet sich in demjenigen Bereich der Steuernut 49 ; 50, der in den Figuren 2 und 7 jeweils mit 52 bezeichnet ist. Der Verschlußkeil 79 befindet sich in der in Figur 1 dargestellten Position. Beim Vorlauf des Trägers 26 in Richtung des Pfeils R1 infolge Drehung der Steuerwalze 51 oder Bewegung des Stehbolzens 64 im Vorlauftrumm 74 der Rollenkette 62 wird die Munitionseinheit 85 geradlinig und im bereits erwähnten Sinne achsfluchtend in den Ladungsraum 83 derart eingeführt, daß die Nase 12 solange im Kontakt mit der Basisfläche 89' der Munitionseinheit 85 bleibt, bis der Verschlußkeil 79 aus seiner in Figur 1 dargestellten Offenstellung bei seiner Abwärtsbewegung in Richtung des Pfeils R7 einen nicht näher bezeichneten oberen Bereich der Basisfläche 89' rückseitig überdeckt, so daß vorteilhafterweise auch bei hoher Geschwindigkeit ein Zurückprellen der Munitionseinheit 85 im Ladungsraum 83 verhindert wird. Dies resultiert daraus, daß der Träger 26 hierbei denjenigen Bereich durchläuft, in welchem sich an der Kugel 18 die Steuernut 49 ; 50 mit der Stelle, welche der Position 56 entspricht, vorbeibewegt. Die Abwärtsbewegurig des Verschlußkeil 79 ist vorteilhafterweise mit der Bewegung der Nase 12 in Richtung des Pfeils R3 zwangsgekoppelt. Wenn sich der Träger 26 infolge Weiterdrehung der Steuerwalze 51 oder der Bewegung des Stehbolzens 64 im Rücklauftrumm 76 der Rollenkette 62 in Richtung des Pfeils R2 bewegt - der betreffende Schuß ist inzwischen gebrochen - bleibt der Mitnehmer 10 mit seiner Nase 12 abgesenkt und während der Träger 26 zurückläuft, wird eine neue Munitionseinheit 85 in ihre Einführposition achsfluchtend « über Mitte (s. Figur 1) gebracht und dabei vom zurücklaufenden Mitnehmer nicht berührt. Dies sowie die streng mit der Seelenachse A1 fluchtende Einführung in den Ladungsraum 83 ist mit Rücksicht auf die vergleichsweise geringere mechanische Festigkeit der einen hülsenlosen Treibladungskörper 89 aufweisenden Munitionseinheit 85 gegenüber einer konventionellen Patrone erforderlich. Dem rückseitigen Umlenkbereich 80 ist die Relativbewegung der Steuernut 49 ; 50 gegenüber der Kugel 18 durch die bereits erwähnte Position 52 zugeordnet ; der Mitnehmer 10 wird zur Beendigung des beschriebenen Schußzyklus mit seiner Nase 12 wieder in Richtung des Pfeils R4 ausgelenkt, so daß wieder Kontakt zwischen der Nase 12 und der Basisfläche 89' einer nächsten Munitionseinheit 85 möglich ist. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 bis 3 erfolgt die Bewegung des Steuerorgans 45 als Drehung um die Achse A5 infolge der umlenkenden Führung des Führungselements 67 in der Steuernut 53. Dies. ist in Figur 3 schematisch verdeutlicht. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 4 bis 7 erfolgt eine der Linearbewegung des Trägers 26 in Richtung der Pfeile R1 bzw. R2 überlagerte Bewegung des Steuerorgans 46 in Richtung des Pfeils R5 bzw. R6 quer zur jeweiligen Bewegungsrichtung des Trägers 26.At the beginning of a firing cycle, the carrier 26 is in the position shown in FIG. 1 in section and in FIG. 4 in plan view and there with "52" (the reference sign in quotation marks refers to the inevitable mutual spatial position in the relevant position of the carrier 26 Assignment of the control groove 49; 50 to the cone 18). In a belt, not shown, an ammunition unit 85 with a projectile 87 and a caseless propellant body 89 is brought “over center” in such a way that its axis A2 is aligned with the core axis A1 of the tube 77. The driver 10 is deflected by its nose 12 via the control member 45, 46 in such a way that the latter is in contact with a base surface 89 'of the propellant charge body 89 of the ammunition unit 85; the ball 18 is located in that area of the control groove 49; 50, which is designated 52 in FIGS. 2 and 7. The locking wedge 79 is in the position shown in Figure 1. At the advance of the carrier 26 in the direction of arrow R1 as a result of rotation of the control roller 51 or movement of the stud 64 in the forward run 74 of the roller chain 62, the ammunition unit 85 is inserted in a straight line and in the aforementioned sense, axially aligned in the cargo space 83 in such a way that the nose 12 as long as Contact with the base surface 89 'of the ammunition unit 85 remains until the locking wedge 79 from its open position shown in FIG. 1, on its downward movement in the direction of the arrow R7, covers an unspecified upper region of the base surface 89' on the back, so that advantageously also at high speed a bouncing back of the ammunition unit 85 in the cargo space 83 is prevented. This results from the fact that the carrier 26 passes through that area in which the control groove 49; 50 with the position corresponding to position 56 moved past. The downward movement of the locking wedge 79 is advantageously positively coupled to the movement of the nose 12 in the direction of the arrow R3. When the carrier 26 moves due to the further rotation of the control roller 51 or the movement of the stud 64 in the return run 76 of the roller chain 62 in the direction of the arrow R2 - The shot in question is now broken - the driver 10 remains lowered with his nose 12 and while the carrier 26 is running back, a new ammunition unit 85 is brought into its insertion position axially aligned over the middle (see FIG. 1) and is not touched by the returning driver . This, as well as the introduction into the cargo space 83 strictly aligned with the core axis A1, is necessary in view of the comparatively lower mechanical strength of the ammunition unit 85, which has a caseless propellant body 89, compared to a conventional cartridge. The rear deflection area 80 is the relative movement of the control groove 49; 50 assigned to the ball 18 by the already mentioned position 52; the driver 10 is deflected with his nose 12 again in the direction of arrow R4 at the end of the firing cycle described, so that contact between the nose 12 and the base surface 89 'of a next ammunition unit 85 is possible again. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the control member 45 moves as a rotation about the axis A5 as a result of the deflecting guidance of the guide element 67 in the control groove 53. is illustrated schematically in Figure 3. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 7, the control member 46 is superimposed on the linear movement of the carrier 26 in the direction of the arrows R1 or R2 in the direction of the arrows R5 or R6 transversely to the respective direction of movement of the carrier 26.

Vorstehend wird die Ladeeinrichtung nach der Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit einer automatischen Rohrwaffe mit einem Querverschluß beschrieben, dargestellt und beansprucht. Als bekanntestes und hauptsächlichstes Beispiel für einen Querverschluß sei der Keilverschluß angeführt, welcher einen quer zur Rohrseelenachse hin- und herbeweglichen Verschlußkeil aufweist. Da bei der vorliegenden Erfindung bezüglich des Verschlusses die Hin- und Herbeweglichkeit quer zur Rohrseelenachse das wesentliche Merkmal ist und nicht ein zwischen zwei Bezugsflächen eingeschlossener (Keil)-Winkel, wird der allgemeinere Begriff verwendet.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
The loading device according to the invention is described, illustrated and claimed in connection with an automatic barrel weapon with a cross closure. The best-known and most important example of a cross lock is the wedge lock, which has a locking wedge that can be moved back and forth transversely to the tube core axis. In the present invention, since the reciprocating movement transverse to the tube core axis is the essential feature with respect to the closure and not a (wedge) angle enclosed between two reference surfaces, the more general term is used.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (3)

1. Ramming mechanism for an automatic gun, particularly a shell gun for single-piece ammunition, having a sliding wedge breech block, the said mechanism being provided, for the rectilinear introduction of a unit of ammunition (85) coaxially with the axis (A1) of the barrel bore, with an entrainment means (10) which is constructed as a two-armed lever and which is mounted on a carrier (26) movable along a projectile guide track between two end positions (78, 80) each corresponding to a preselected functional step of a firing cycle, and which is pivotable about a shaft (14) transversally to the barrel bore axis (A1) characterised by the following features :
a) the entrainment means (10) by a side constructed as a ball (18) engages a control groove (49, 50) of a control element (45, 46) movably mounted in the carrier (26) ;
b) the control device (45, 46) by means of the drive (51, 62) for the reciprocal movement of the carrier (26) is in each case moved in such a way that the entrainment means (10) whenever the carrier reaches one of its end positions, is moved via the control groove (49, 50) from its initial position, in which the free end of the lever comes to rest by a front nose (12) against the base surface (89') of the unit of ammunition (85) into the other end position, in which the free end of the lever is pivoted out of the projectile guide track.
2. Ramming mechanism in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the following features :
a) the drive for the reciprocal movement of the carrier (26) consists of a control roller (51) which can be driven in one direction and which is substantially of circular cylindrical shape and of which the longitudinal axis (A4) is parallel to the barrel bore axis (A1) ;
b) the carrier (26) contains, as part of the control device (45), frictional connection device (63) designed to interact with a control groove (53) on the periphery of the control roller (51) and rotatable about a vertical shaft (45) ;
c) an end of the frictional connection device (63) directed towards the control groove (53) on the control roller (51) is provided with a guide element (67) of which the length (73) exceeds the width (75) of the control groove (53) by a preselected amount.
3. Ramming mechanism in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the following features :
a) the drive for the reciprocal movement of the carrier (36) consists of a roller chain (62) which, in a plane situated underneath the barrel bore axis (A1) is rotatable about a vertical axis close to the breech block and about a vertical axis at a distance from the breech block, between a forward movement runner (74) and a return movement runner (76) ;
b) a coupling device (64) serving as a means of connection with the carrier (26) is incorporated into the roller chain (62) ;
c) the carrier (26) has a guide serving to move the control device (46) to and fro in relation to the carrier (26) in accordance with the distance covered by the said carrier.
EP82103537A 1981-05-09 1982-04-27 Ramming mechanism for automatic guns having a sliding wedge breech block Expired EP0064661B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3118383 1981-05-09
DE19813118383 DE3118383A1 (en) 1981-05-09 1981-05-09 LOADING DEVICE FOR AN AUTOMATIC CROSS-LOCKING TUBE ARM

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EP0064661A2 EP0064661A2 (en) 1982-11-17
EP0064661A3 EP0064661A3 (en) 1983-06-15
EP0064661B1 true EP0064661B1 (en) 1986-06-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3618267C1 (en) * 1986-05-30 1987-07-30 Rheinmetall Gmbh Feeding device for caseless ammunition
DE3628153C1 (en) * 1986-08-19 1987-11-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Cartridge feed for automatic weapons, especially for use on caseless cartridges
FR2691531B1 (en) * 1992-05-22 1994-08-12 Giat Ind Sa Automatic weapon with tilting chamber for firing telescoped cylindrical ammunition.
SE0000535L (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-03-19 Haegglunds Vehicle Ab Apparatus for discharging grenades from an ammunition magazine and grenade feeding apparatus comprising two such devices
DE102005045824B3 (en) * 2005-09-24 2007-04-26 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Device for loading a machine gun
DE102006022622A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-15 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Function control, in particular for the linear feeding of ammunition into a weapon barrel
DE102007048468A1 (en) * 2007-10-09 2009-04-16 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Drive for a weapon with preferably linear ammunition guide
DE102007054470A1 (en) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-20 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Drive for a weapon with linear ammunition feeder
DE102011050637B4 (en) * 2011-05-26 2019-10-31 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Loading device for loading a weapon, weapon and method for operating a weapon
DE102012108832A1 (en) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-20 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Propellant charge applicator, weapon and method of applying propellants
DE102012108834A1 (en) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-20 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Propellant charge applicator, weapon and method of applying propellants

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1517758A (en) * 1923-07-03 1924-12-02 Schneider & Cie Apparatus for loading and ramming projectiles in guns
US2410116A (en) * 1935-12-12 1946-10-29 Vickers Inc Breech actuating and control system
CH265542A (en) * 1947-11-24 1949-12-15 Zbrojovka Brno Np Firearm with a device for the central insertion of cartridges into the cartridge chamber.
GB1081014A (en) * 1963-11-28 1967-08-31 Bofors Ab Cartridge ramming device
DE1960023C1 (en) * 1969-11-29 1977-04-14 Diehl Fa Automatic weapon for firing cartridges

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EP0064661A3 (en) 1983-06-15
DE3118383A1 (en) 1982-11-25
DE3271752D1 (en) 1986-07-24
EP0064661A2 (en) 1982-11-17

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