EP0063284A1 - Circuit d'alimentation d'au moins une lampe fluorescente - Google Patents

Circuit d'alimentation d'au moins une lampe fluorescente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0063284A1
EP0063284A1 EP82102810A EP82102810A EP0063284A1 EP 0063284 A1 EP0063284 A1 EP 0063284A1 EP 82102810 A EP82102810 A EP 82102810A EP 82102810 A EP82102810 A EP 82102810A EP 0063284 A1 EP0063284 A1 EP 0063284A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
fluorescent lamp
switch arrangement
switch
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP82102810A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Jucker
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Koch Elektronik and Apparatebau AG
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Koch Elektronik and Apparatebau AG
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Publication of EP0063284A1 publication Critical patent/EP0063284A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for feeding at least one fluorescent lamp with glow electrodes, each having two connection ends, one of which can be connected to a power source and the other can be connected to one another by means of a switch arrangement, and to devices having an induction coil for limiting the strength of the current flowing from the power source to the lamp.
  • the induction coil has a relatively high impedance in order to be able to serve as a ballast for limiting the current strength.
  • the switch arrangement for connecting the two glow electrodes only serves to start the fluorescent lamp, in that the two glow electrodes are first connected to one another by means of the switch arrangement in order to heat up the glow electrodes, and then the connection is interrupted in order to cause the fluorescent lamp to be induced by the induction voltage of the induction coil to ignite.
  • Fluorescent lamps are now commercially available which are filled with krypton gas, among other things, and which enable a higher luminous efficacy than previously customary fluorescent lamps and thus a corresponding saving in operating energy.
  • such new fluorescent lamps cannot be ignited with the conventional devices for feeding previously conventional fluorescent lamps.
  • the device according to the invention can be designed in a relatively simple manner in such a way that brightness control of the fluorescent lamp is possible, specifically without phase gating control.
  • the control device for the electronic control of the switch arrangement connecting the two glow electrodes of the fluorescent lamp is provided with devices for changing the ratio of the time intervals with the conductive and non-conductive state of said switch arrangement.
  • each of the two glow electrodes 21 and 22 has two connection ends 21a and 21b or 22a and 22b.
  • One connection end 21a of the glow electrode 21 is connected to a first switching device 24 via an induction coil 23, while the corresponding connection end 22a of the second glow electrode 22 is connected directly to a second switching device 25.
  • the other connection ends 21b and 22b of the two glow electrodes 21 and 22 are connected to a switch arrangement 26, by means of which the connection ends 21b and 22b can be connected to one another.
  • the switch arrangement 26 can be controlled electronically by a control voltage U26 which is generated and supplied by an associated control device 27. The configuration of the switch arrangement 26 and the control device 27 is explained in more detail below.
  • the two switching devices 24 and 25 can also be controlled electronically by means of control voltages U24 and U25, which are generated by an associated control device 28.
  • control voltages U24 and U25 which are generated by an associated control device 28.
  • the design of the switching devices 24, 25 and the associated control device 28 is also explained in more detail below.
  • the two switching devices 24 and 25 can be switched synchronously alternately into opposite switching positions, so that the switching device 24 connects the induction coil 23 alternately to the positive pole 29 and the negative pole 30 of a direct current source 31, respectively, while at the same time the other switching device 25 alternately connects the connection end 22a of the glow electrode 22 to the negative pole 30 or the positive pole 29 of the direct current source 31.
  • devices 32 and 33 for automatically regulating the intensity of the current I are switched on.
  • These devices for regulating the current intensity have a second electronically controllable switch arrangement 32 and a current sensor device 33, the latter providing a control signal U33 for controlling the switch arrangement 32.
  • the configuration of the switch arrangement 32 and the current sensor device 33 is explained in detail below.
  • a free-wheeling diode 34 is connected on the one hand to the positive pole 29 of the direct current source 31 and on the other hand to a connecting conductor 35 between the switch arrangement 32 and the current sensor device 33.
  • the switch arrangement 32 and the current sensor device 33 ensure that practically the same current intensity I R flows both when the switch arrangement 26 is in a conductive state and when it is not in a conductive state.
  • the principle of the two-point control is used, the switch arrangement 32 being controlled in the conductive state as soon as the current intensity In falls below the setpoint by a predetermined amount or is controlled in the conductive state as soon as the current I R exceeds the setpoint by a predetermined amount.
  • the control signal U33 generated by the strain sensor device 33 for controlling the switch arrangement 32 has the form of pulses with pulse pauses in between, as shown in the upper diagram in FIG.
  • the ratio of pulse duration to pulse period of the control signal U33 is of the respective instantaneous current I R depend g i g. Mainly because of the inductance of the induction coil 23, the current rise when switching the switch arrangement 32 into the conductive state does not occur suddenly, but continuously as a function of time.
  • the current flow is interrupted to the negative pole 30 of the power source 31, but wherein due to the d uktionsspule in the home 23 stored electrical energy across said Free-wheeling diode 34, through the fluorescent lamp 20 and through the current sensor device 33, the current continues to flow with decreasing intensity until the switch arrangement 32 is controlled again in the conductive state.
  • the lower diagram in FIG. 2 shows the time profile of the current I R flowing through the current sensor device 33 in relation to the control signal U33 shown in the upper diagram.
  • the switch arrangement 32 and the current sensor device 33 make a ballast for current intensity limitation, such as a choke coil or a capacitor, which is otherwise customary for the operation of fluorescent lamps, unnecessary.
  • a choke coil or a capacitor which is otherwise customary for the operation of fluorescent lamps, unnecessary.
  • an induction coil 23 is also necessary in this device, but is only used for generating the p for igniting the Flu reszenzlampe 20 sufficient induced voltage and therefore a smaller inductance can have as a suitable also for the current limiting choke coil.
  • the automatic current control by means of the devices 32 and 33 ensures that when the switch arrangement 26 is in a conductive state, a current with a nominal current flows correctly through the two glow electrodes 21 and 22, and that influences of voltage fluctuations of the supplying current source 31 on the brightness and the service life the fluorescent lamp are largely switched off.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 and described with reference thereto also allows the brightness of the fluorescent lamp 20 to be regulated in a relatively simple manner between zero and the nominal value.
  • the control device 27 for controlling the switch arrangement 26 has to be designed as a clock pulse generator.
  • the switch arrangement 26 with a Repetition frequency of at least 50 Hz is periodically alternately controlled during a first time interval in the conductive state and during a second time interval in the non-conductive state, the ratio of the time intervals with conductive and non-conductive state being adjustable to regulate the resulting average brightness of the fluorescent lamp.
  • FIG. 3 the upper diagram of which shows the clock pulse signal U26 generated by the control device 27.
  • the switch arrangement 26 is controlled to the conductive state during the duration of a clock pulse of the signal U26.
  • the current flow through the fluorescent lamp 20 is interrupted for the duration of a clock pulse since then the switch arrangement 26 and the two glow electrodes 21 and 26 together form a low-impedance shunt path, whereas in the pulse pauses of the signal U26, the current I L flows through the fluorescent lamp, as can be seen in the lower diagram of FIG. 3.
  • the clock pulses of the signal U26 have a duration t1 which is shorter than the duration t2 of the pulse pauses. Accordingly, the resulting interruptions in the current I L flowing through the fluorescent lamp 20 are each comparatively short, so that the fluorescent lamp has a fairly high brightness.
  • the clock pulses of the signal U26 have a duration t1 'which exceeds the duration t2' of the pulse pauses. This results in comparatively longer interruptions of Sjromes I L by the fluorescent lamp, so that the resulting brightness is lower. It is understood that the brightness of the fluorescent lamp 20 is greatest when the clock pulses of the signal U23 are only very narrow or when the clock signal U 23 is completely switched off becomes. Conversely, the brightness of the fluorescent lamp is at its lowest or even zero if the pauses between the pulses of the clock signal U23 are very narrow or if a continuous voltage is supplied as a control signal to the switch arrangement 26 instead of the clock pulses.
  • the frequency of the pulses of the control signal U33 for the automatic current regulation adjusts itself to a value which considerably exceeds that of the clock frequency of the control signal U26 for the brightness control of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the two switching devices 24 and 25 are only intended to reverse the direction of flow of the current I L through the fluorescent lamp 20 from time to time.
  • the repetition frequency of the control signals U24 and U25 for the reversal of the switching devices 24 and 25 is in any case chosen to be considerably lower than the clock frequency of the control signal U26 for the brightness control of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • FIG. 4 shows the device shown in FIG. 1 again in more detail, the same reference numerals being used insofar as the components are the same.
  • the direct current source 31 has a rectifier bridge 36, the one diagonal of which has two terminals 37 and 38 for connection to an alternating current network with e.g. 220 V effective voltage is connected.
  • the other diagonal of the rectifier bridge 36 is connected to a charging capacitor 39 and connected to the positive pole 29 or the negative pole 30 of the direct current source.
  • the switch arrangement 26 for controlling the brightness of the fluorescent lamp 20 has a power transistor 40 whose emitter-collector path is connected to a diagonal of a rectifier bridge 41.
  • the other diagonal of the rectifier bridge 41 is connected to the connection ends 21b and 22b of the two glow electrodes 21 and 22 of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the control device 27 belonging to the switch arrangement 26 contains an astable multivibrator 42 for generating clock pulses which are fed to a monostable multivibrator 43, which in turn generates the pulses of the control signal U26 and delivers them to the base-collector path of the transistor 40.
  • the monostable multivibrator 43 is e.g. assigned manually adjustable setting resistor 44, with the aid of which the width t1 (FIG. 3) of the pulses of the control signal U26 can be changed, for the purpose of controlling the brightness of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the switch arrangement 32 provided for current regulation has a power transistor 45 and two transistors 46 and 47.
  • the emitter-collector path of the power transistor 45 is switched into the supply current path between the negative pole 30 of the direct current source 31 and the current sensor device 33.
  • the base of the power transistor 45 is connected via a resistor 48 to the emitter of the transistor 46, the collector of which is connected to an auxiliary voltage source (not shown).
  • the base of this transistor 46 and the emitter of the power transistor 45 are connected to a first control signal input 321, to which the control signal U33 already mentioned with reference to FIG. 1 is fed.
  • the other transistor 47 is connected with its emitter-collector path between the base and the emitter of the power transistor 45.
  • the base and the emitter of transistor 47 are connected to a second control signal input 322, to which a further control signal U60, the purpose of which will be explained, can be supplied.
  • the current sensor device 33 has a measuring resistor 50 located in the feed current path to the fluorescent lamp 20 and a DC voltage amplifier 51, the input of which is connected to the ends of the measuring resistor 50.
  • the output of the amplifier 51 is with an optocoupler 52. connected, which outputs the control signal U33.
  • the optocoupler 52 is used in a known manner only for the electrical isolation of the amplifier 51 and the control signal output of the current sensor device 33.
  • each of the two switching devices 24 and 25 has a pair of complementary power transistors 55 and 56, the emitters of which are connected to one another and to the induction coil 23 or to the connection end 22a of the glow electrode 22.
  • the collector of the one power transistor 55 is connected to the positive pole 29 of the direct current source 31, while the collector of the other power transistor 56 is connected to the current sensor device 33.
  • the control voltage U24 and U25 already mentioned with reference to FIG. 1 is applied to the base-emitter paths of the power transistors 55 and 56 via resistors 57 and 58.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the chronological sequence of the voltage pulses U60 generated by the astable multivibrator 60.
  • the repetition frequency of these pulses is considerably lower than the clock frequency of the pulses of the control signal U26 for the brightness control of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the flip-flop 61 is controlled by the rising edge of each pulse U60, the two outputs of which inverted signals U62 and U63 according to the second and deliver the third diagram of FIG. 5.
  • the signals U62 and U63 are transmitted to the amplifiers 64 and 65, the outputs of which deliver the control voltages U24 and U25 also shown in FIG. 5 to the power transistors 55 and 56 of the switching devices 24 and 25.
  • the control voltage U24 is negative and the control voltage U25 is positive
  • the power transistor 56 of the switching device 24 and the power transistor 55 of the other switching device 25 are controlled to be in the conductive state, so that the current 1 L in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4 flows through the fluorescent lamp 20. This is shown in the bottom diagram in FIG. 5 as a positive current flow.
  • the device shown in FIG. 4 also has a special feature: the voltage pulses U60 generated by the astable multivibrator 60 are additionally fed to the second control signal input 322 of the switch arrangement 32 provided for current regulation via two conductors 68 and 69. Each pulse U60 controls the transistor 47 in the conductive state, whereby the power transistor 45 is simultaneously controlled in its non-conductive state. This is done completely independently of the control signal U33 for the automatic current control. Each time when the power transistor 45 is controlled into the non-conductive state by a pulse U60, the current flow to the negative pole 30 of the direct current source 31 is interrupted.
  • the current I L continues to flow via the freewheeling diode 34 until the stored energy is used up, the current strength decreasing exponentially.
  • the duration of the pulses U60 and thus of the time intervals t3 is now chosen such that the current intensity practically drops to zero in each case before the two switching devices 24 and 25 are reversed.
  • the periodic reversal of the transistors 55 and 56 thus takes place in a practically currentless state, as a result of which the power loss and heating of these transistors can be kept low.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 6 has the same basic structure as that according to FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the two switching devices 24 and 25 each have two thyristors 71 and 72 (instead of the power transistors 55 and 56 in FIG. 4).
  • the control device 28 again has an astable multivibrator 60, which is connected both to the two conductors 68 and 69 and to a monostable multivibrator 74. The latter in turn is connected to the control input of a flip-flop 75, which is followed by an amplifier 76.
  • An input winding 77 of a pulse transformer 78 is connected to the output of the amplifier 76 and also has four electrically isolated output windings 79, 80, 81 and 82. Each of these output windings 79 to 82 is connected, on the one hand, to the cathode and, on the other hand, to the ignition electrode of one of the thyristors 71 and 72, a diode 83, 84, 85 and 86 being interposed in each case in order to transmit negative voltage pulses from the ignition electrodes of the thyristors 71 and keep 72 away.
  • the direct current source 31, the switch arrangement 32 provided for the current regulation and the associated current sensor device 33 are only indicated in the form of blocks in FIG. 6, but in detail have the same off formation as in Fig. 4, so that no further words are needed.
  • the mode of operation of the device shown in FIG. 6 is basically the same as has been explained with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
  • the astable multivibrator 60 generates a voltage pulse train U60, as shown in the top diagram in FIG. 7.
  • the repetition frequency of these pulses is considerably lower than the clock frequency of the pulses of the control signal U26 for the brightness control of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the pulses of the signal U60 are fed to the second control input 322 of the switch arrangement 32.
  • each pulse of the signal U60 uses the control transistor 47 to control the power transistor 45 of the switch arrangement 32 into the non-conductive state, in each case for the entire duration t3 of the pulse U60 in question.
  • the pulse duration t3 is chosen to be so large that the current flow through the freewheeling diode 34 has completely decayed to zero before the end of the relevant pulse U60.
  • the voltage pulse sequence U60 generated by the astable multivibrator 60 is also fed to the trigger input of the monostable multivibrator 74, which is triggered by the rising edge of each pulse of the signal U60 and also supplies a voltage pulse sequence U74 at its output, which is shown in the second diagram in FIG. 7 is shown.
  • the duration t4 of each pulse of the signal U74 is relatively short compared to the duration t3.
  • the Abbey The leading edge of each pulse of signal U74 controls flip-flop 75, which now supplies signal U75, also shown in FIG. 7, to the input of amplifier 76.
  • the output of the amplifier 76 supplies a voltage U76 to the input winding 77 of the pulse transformer 78, the time course of which is also shown in FIG. 7.
  • a suitable polarity of the output windings 79 to 82 ensures that a needle pulse U251 or U242 reaches the thyristor 71 of the switch arrangement 25 and the thyristor 72 of the switch arrangement 24 on the rising edges of the voltage U76 in order to simultaneously turn these thyristors into the conductive state control, and that in each case on the rising edges of the voltage U76 a needle pulse U241 or U252 reaches the thyristor 71 of the switch arrangement 24 and the thyristor 72 of the switch arrangement 25 in order to control these two thyristors in turn in the conductive state.
  • a thyristor has the property of maintaining the conductive state of the arrangement-cathode path even after the control voltage has ceased to exist, as long as a current flows through the latter.
  • the pulses of the control voltage U60 supplied to the second control signal input 322 each cause an interruption in the current flow, so that before the end of the pulse U60 in question, all thyristors become de-energized and thus non-conductive.
  • the monostable multivibrator 74 has the purpose of increasing and decreasing the voltages U75 and U76 and consequently the occurrence of the. Needle pulses of the control voltages U241, U242, U251 and U252 are delayed with respect to the end of the pulses of the signal U60 by the time period t4. It is hereby achieved that the needle pulses provided for firing the thyristors 71 and 72 only occur after the power transistor 45 (FIG. 4) in the switch arrangement 32 has returned to its conductive state at the end of the previous pulse of the signal U 60 and thus the anode-cathode sections of the thyristors are already live again. Without the aforementioned delay by the time period t4, reliable firing of the thyristors 71 and 72 could be called into question.
  • the further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention shown in FIG. 8 differs from the previously described examples mainly in that only a single switching device 25, but two freewheeling diodes 341 and 342 and a direct current source 90 with a positive pole 91, a negative pole 92 and one neutral pole 93 are present.
  • the neutral pole 93 is connected to an AC mains connection terminal 94, while a second AC mains connection terminal 95 is connected to the positive pole 91 and the negative pole 92 of the direct current source 90 via two oppositely polarized rectifier diodes 96 and 97.
  • Two charging capacitors 98 and 99 are connected between the positive pole 91 and the neutral pole 93 and between the latter and the negative pole 92, respectively.
  • the neutral pole 93 of the direct current source 90 is connected via a diagonal of a rectifier bridge 100, via the measuring resistor 50 of the current sensor device 33 and the induction coil 23 to the one connecting end 21a of the glow electrode 21 of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the switching device 25 contains, instead of power transistors or thyristors in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8, two gate turn-off semiconductor switches 101 and 102, one of which 101 ' between the positive pole 91 of the direct current source 90 and the connection end 22a of the second glow electrode 22 Fluorescent lamp 20 lies while the other 102 lies between the same connection end 22a and the negative pole 92 of the direct current source.
  • Gate-turn-off semiconductor switches are electronic components that have only recently come onto the market and which combine the properties of a thyristor and a high-voltage switching transistor and can be brought into a conductive state by a positive control pulse and into a non-conductive state by a negative control pulse (cf. "Electronic Components and Applications ", Vol. 2, No. 4, Aug. 1980, pages 194ff).
  • the emitter-collector path of the power transistor 45 in the switch arrangement 32 used for current regulation is connected to the second diagonal of the rectifier bridge 100 mentioned.
  • the latter has only a single control signal input 321, which is connected to the emitter of the power transistor 45 and the base of a further transistor 46.
  • the emitter of transistor 46 is connected to the base of power transistor 45 via a resistor 48, while the collector of transistor 46 is connected to an auxiliary voltage source (not shown).
  • the configuration of the switch arrangement 32 is thus the same as in FIG. 4, with the Except that the second control signal S input 322 and the associated transistor 47 are dispensable.
  • the current sensor device 32 is of exactly the same design as in the example according to FIG.
  • the one free-wheeling diode 341 is on the one hand at the positive pole 91 of the direct current source 90 and on the other hand at the connecting conductor 112 connected between the rectifier bridge 100 and the measuring resistor 50 of the current sensor device 33, while the other freewheeling diode 342 is connected between the mentioned connecting conductor 112 and the negative pole 92 of the direct current source.
  • the control device 28 used to control the switching device 25 is configured as follows: an astable multivibrator 105 is connected to the trigger input of a flip-flop 106, which is followed by an amplifier 107. The output of amplifier 107 feeds an input winding 108 of a pulse transformer 109 with two galvanically isolated output windings 110 and 111. One output winding 110 is connected between the cathode and the control electrode of the first gate turn-off semiconductor switch 101, while the other output winding 111 is different Cathode and the control electrode of the second gate turn-off semiconductor switch 102 is connected.
  • the astable multivibrator 105 can be synchronized with a trigger signal which e.g. via at least one capacitor 113 is derived from the mains AC voltage supplied to the connecting terminals 94 and 95.
  • a switch is connected between the connection ends 21b and 22b of the two glow electrodes 21 and 22 of the fluorescent lamp 20 order 26 available, which is electronically controllable by an associated control device 27.
  • 8 has a rectifier bridge 115, one diagonal of which is connected to the connection ends 21b and 22b of the glow electrodes 21 and 22.
  • the anode-cathode path of a further gate-turn-off semiconductor switch is connected to the other diagonal of the rectifier bridge 115.
  • the control arrangement 27 contains an astable multivibrator 117, which is followed by an amplifier 118.
  • the output of the amplifier 118 feeds the primary winding 119 of a pulse transformer 120, the secondary winding 121 of which is connected to the Kahtode and the control electrode of the gate turn-off semiconductor switch 116 in the switch arrangement 26.
  • the astable multivibrator 117 is provided with a device 122, for example in the form of a manually variable setting resistor, by means of which the ratio of pulse duration to pulse pause can be changed for the purpose of controlling the brightness of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • Control signal U33 automatically ensures that the switch arrangement 32 ensures that the current intensity oscillates only to a relatively small extent around a predetermined desired value, as has been explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the freewheeling diode 341 enables the further current flow due to the electrical energy stored in the induction coil 23.
  • the astable multivibrator 117 in the control device 27 generates a clock signal U117, the temporal course of which is shown in the top diagram in FIG. 9.
  • the clock signal U117 is amplified in the amplifier 118 and then fed to the primary winding 119 of the pulse transformer 120.
  • Needle-shaped voltage pulses U121 are induced in the secondary winding 121 of the pulse transformer 120, as shown in the middle diagram in FIG. 9. It can be seen that a positive needle pulse U121 occurs on the rising edges of each pulse of the clock signal 117 and a negative needle pulse occurs on the falling edges of each clock signal pulse.
  • Each positive needle pulse U121 controls the gate turn-off semiconductor switch 116 in the switch arrangement 26 into the conductive state, which is maintained until the subsequent negative needle pulse U121 occurs.
  • each negative needle pulse U121 controls the gate turn-off semiconductor switch back to the non-conductive state. If and as long as each of the gate turn-off semiconductor switch 116 is in a conducting state, the current flow I L by the fluorescent lamp 20 sub b r ochen, because then the current flows through the low resistance shunt through the glow electrode 22 , a part of the rectifier bridge 115, the gate turn-off semiconductor switch 116, another part of the rectifier bridge 115 and the glow electrode 21 is formed. The resulting one The time course of the current I L flowing through the fluorescent lamp 20 is shown in the bottom diagram in FIG. 9.
  • the brightness of the fluorescent lamp 20 can be arbitrarily controlled by changing the ratio of the time intervals t1 and t2 in which the gate turn-off semiconductor switch 116 is conductive or nonconductive.
  • the clock frequency of the signal U117 generated by the multivibrator 117 is chosen to be considerably higher than 50 Hz, so that the human eye does not notice any flickering of the fluorescent lamp.
  • the astable multivibrator 105 contained in the control device 28 generates a voltage pulse sequence U105, as is illustrated in the second top diagram in FIG. 10.
  • the pulses of the signal U105 are synchronized with the AC line voltage U w , which is supplied to the connecting terminals 94 and 95 of the direct current source 90.
  • the time profile of the AC line voltage U w is indicated with a dash-dotted line. It can be seen that the pulses of the signal U105 generated by the multivibrator 105 are triggered shortly after the zero crossing of the mains AC voltage, and that the repetition frequency of the pulses is twice as high as the mains frequency.
  • each pulse of the signal 105 controls the flip-flop 106, which in turn generates the signal U106 shown in the third diagram in FIG. 10, which is amplified in the amplifier 107 and fed to the input winding 108 of the pulse transformer 109.
  • the two output windings 110 and 111 of the pulse transformer 109 needle-shaped voltage pulses U251 and U252 are induced, which are fed as control signals to the two gate turn-off semiconductor switches 101 and 102 of the switching device 25.
  • the resulting needle pulses U252 and 252 also shown, and it can be seen that they occur in each case on the rising and falling edges of the signal U106 generated by the flip-flop 106.
  • Each positive needle pulse U251 controls the first gate turn-off semiconductor switch 101 into the conductive state, while at the same time a negative needle pulse U252 controls the second gate turn-off semiconductor switch 102 into the non-conductive state. Conversely, each negative needle pulse U251 controls the first gate turn-off semiconductor switch to the non-conductive state, while at the same time a positive needle pulse U252 controls the second gate turn-off semiconductor switch 102 to the conductive state.
  • the current flows from the neutral pole 93 of the direct current source 90 via the power transistor 45 provided for the current regulation, through the measuring resistor 50 of the current sensor device 32, through the induction coil 23 , through the fluorescent lamp 20 and via the gate turn-off semiconductor switch 102 to the negative pole 92 of the direct current source 90.
  • the freewheeling diode 342 enables the current to continue flowing in those short time intervals in which the power transistor 45 is dependent on the control signal U33 is always non-conductive.
  • the electrical energy used to feed the fluorescent lamp 20 is always only from one or the other half of the Direct current source 90 is supplied, with the half of the direct current source used for the supply being changed simultaneously with the reversal of the switching device 25.
  • the aforementioned synchronization of the pulses of the signal U105 generated by the unstable multivibrator 105 with the AC line voltage U w makes it possible for the fluorescent lamp 20 to be supplied by that half of the direct current source 90 whose charging capacitor 98 or 99 is currently being supplied by a AC half wave is charged.
  • the uppermost diagram of FIG. 10 also shows the time profile of the positive DC voltage U98 or negative DC voltage U99 lying across the charging capacitors 98 and 99.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the same direct current source 90 as in the example according to FIG. 8 is used.
  • the neutral pole 93 of the direct current source is only connected via the measuring resistor 50 of the current sensor device 33 and via the induction coil 23 to the one connecting end 21a of the glow electrode 21 of the fluorescent lamp 20.
  • the corresponding connection end 22a of the other glow electrode 22 is connected to the positive pole 91 of the direct current source via an electronically controllable switch arrangement 32 for regulating the current intensity and to the negative pole 92 of the direct current source 90 via a further similar switch arrangement 32 'for regulating the current intensity.
  • the configuration of the switch arrangement 32 completely corresponds to that of the switch arrangement 32 in FIG. 4, and there are again two mutually independent control signal inputs 321 and 322.
  • the other switch arrangement 32 ' is analog, but is equipped with transistors 45', 46 'and 47', which are complementary to the corresponding transistors 45, 46 and 47 of the switch arrangement 32.
  • the switch arrangement 32 ' also has two control signal inputs, which are designated 321' and 322 '.
  • the current sensor device 33 contains amplifiers 51 and 51 ', the inputs of which are connected to the ends of the measuring resistor 50.
  • the output of the amplifier 51 is connected by means of an optocoupler 52 to the one control signal input 321 of the switch arrangement 32 in order to supply the latter with a control signal U33 for the automatic current regulation.
  • the output of the other amplifier 51 ' is connected to the one control signal input 321' of the switch arrangement 32 'by means of a second optocoupler 52' in order to also provide a control signal U33 'for the current intensity
  • the collector-emitter paths of which have the opposite polarity between the neutral pole 93 of the direct current source 90 and the glow electrode 22 of the fluorescent lamp 20 are switched on.
  • the collector-emitter path of a control transistor 345 and 346 is connected in parallel to the base-emitter path of these transistors 343 and 344.
  • the output signal of the amplifier 127 in the control device 28 is fed to the base of each control transistor 345 or 346.
  • the collector of the one control transistor 345 is connected to a positive auxiliary potential via a resistor 347, while the collector of the other control transistor 346 is connected in an analogous manner to a negative auxiliary potential via a resistor 348.
  • the device according to FIG. 11 also has a control device 28, which has an astable multivibrator 125, a flip-flop 126 and an amplifier 127, which are connected in series.
  • the output of amplifier 117 is connected to control signal inputs 322 and 322 'of the two switch arrangements 32 and 32'.
  • the astable multivibrator 125 is the same as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 due to an external signal synchronizable and for this purpose, for example by means of a capacitor 113 or the like coupled to the power supply terminals 94, 95.
  • the operation and mode of operation of the device shown in FIG. 11 is brief as follows: It is assumed that the fluorescent lamp 20 is lit.
  • the astable multivibrator 125 in the control device 28 generates a voltage pulse train U125, as shown in the second top diagram of FIG. 12.
  • the pulses of this voltage U125 are synchronized with the AC line voltage U w , in such a way that a pulse of voltage U125 begins immediately after each zero crossing of the AC line voltage U w, as can be seen by comparing the top and second top diagrams of FIG. 12.
  • the flip-flop 126 is controlled by the rising edges of the pulses U125 and supplies a signal U125 according to the third diagram in FIG. 12 to the input of the amplifier 127.
  • a signal U127 occurs at the output of the amplifier 127, which has the course shown in the second lowest diagram in FIG. 12 and is fed as a control signal to the inputs 322 and 322 'of the two switch arrangements 32 and 32'.
  • the signal U127 controls the transistor 47 in the switch arrangement 32 into the non-conductive state, with the result that the power transistor 45 becomes conductive.
  • the energy required for the operation of the fluorescent lamp 20 is thus supplied solely by the upper half of the direct current source 90 in FIG. 11, the charging capacitor 98 being charged in this phase by a positive half-wave of the mains alternating voltage Uw.
  • the current I L flowing through the fluorescent lamp 20 is then positive in the sense of the arrow in FIG. 11.
  • the power transistor 45 in the switch arrangement 32vie and the transistor 343 are also switched to the non-conductive state, while at the same time the power transistor 45 'of the other switch arrangement 32' and the one which subsequently acts like a freewheeling diode Transistor 344 are controlled in the conductive state.
  • the connection between the positive pole 91 of the direct current source 90 and the connection end 22a of the glow electrode 22 of the fluores zenzlampe interrupted and thus the upper half of the DC power source 90 in Fig. 11 switched off.
  • the other half of the direct current source 90 is now effective for feeding the fluorescent lamp 20, which is why the direction of the current I L flowing through the fluorescent lamp 20 is now reversed (contrary to the arrow in FIG. 11).
  • the charging capacitor 99 of the loaded lower half of the direct current source 90 is charged by a negative half wave of the mains alternating voltage U W , as can be seen from the top diagram in FIG. 12.
  • the respective duration t5 of the pulses of the signal U125 generated by the multivibrator 125 is selected such that the lowest possible ripple of the direct voltages U98 and U99 lying across the charging capacitors 98 and 99 results.
  • the periodic reversal of the direction of flow of the current I L flowing through the fluorescent lamp 20 is advantageously carried out by switching the two switch arrangements 32 and 32 'on and off by means of the control signal U127, so that the switching devices 24 and 25 of the previous exemplary embodiments are eliminated.
  • the two switch arrangements 32 and 32 ' not only serve to reverse the direction of current flow through the fluorescent lamp 20, but also ensure that the current intensity is automatically maintained as a function of the control signals U33 and U33', which are generated by the current sensor device 33 a predetermined setpoint is adjusted.
  • the mode of operation of the current regulation is in principle the same as has been explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, which is why additional words are unnecessary.
  • the switch arrangement 26 still shown in FIG. 11 and the associated control device 27 permit brightness control of the fluorescent lamp 20 in the same way as has been explained with reference to the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • the bottom diagram in FIG. 12 illustrates the time profile of the current I L flowing through the fluorescent lamp 20, the interruptions in the current flow causing the brightness control also being indicated. It is understandable that the repetition frequency of these interruptions is considerably higher than the frequency of the AC line voltage U W , with which the periodic reversal of the flow direction of the current I L is synchronized.
  • the switch arrangements 32 and 32 'serving for the current regulation have a power transistor 45 and 45' for switching the current path on and off
  • a thyristor or instead of the power transistor to use a gate turn-off semiconductor switch
  • the switch arrangement 26 provided for the brightness control can optionally contain a power transistor, a thyristor or a gate turn-off semiconductor switch. The same can of course also be said of the switching devices 24 and 25, as can already be seen from the various exemplary embodiments described.
  • control device 27 for generating the control signal U27 for controlling the switch arrangement 26 can be designed such that a change in the ratio of the pulse duration t1 to the pulse pause t2 occurs automatically each time the fluorescent lamp 20 is started up, such that in each case during a time-limited starting phase which begins when the fluorescent lamp is switched on, the brightness of the fluorescent lamp is continuously increased from zero to the nominal value or an arbitrarily set intermediate value. This is achieved when e.g. the adjusting resistor 44 and 122 shown in FIGS. 4 and 8 is replaced by an electronic circuit arrangement known per se, by means of which the pulse width t1 is controlled as a function of the gradual charging or discharging of a capacitor.
  • the switch arrangement 32 and the associated current sensor device 33 can be replaced by other devices known per se for automatically regulating the current intensity to a predetermined desired value.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
EP82102810A 1981-04-15 1982-04-02 Circuit d'alimentation d'au moins une lampe fluorescente Withdrawn EP0063284A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2516/81 1981-04-15
CH251681 1981-04-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0063284A1 true EP0063284A1 (fr) 1982-10-27

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ID=4235543

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82102810A Withdrawn EP0063284A1 (fr) 1981-04-15 1982-04-02 Circuit d'alimentation d'au moins une lampe fluorescente

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EP (1) EP0063284A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS58500633A (fr)
NO (1) NO824199L (fr)
WO (1) WO1982003744A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0677201A1 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1995-10-18 Universal Instrument Corporation Eclairage par l'arriere pour affichage a cristaux liquides

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8702488A (nl) * 1987-10-19 1989-05-16 Philips Nv Elektrische inrichting voor het ontsteken en voeden van een gasontladingslamp.
GB2212995A (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-08-02 Rockwell International Corp Fluorescent lamp dimmer
US4945278A (en) * 1988-09-20 1990-07-31 Loong-Tun Chang Fluorescent tube power supply
GB2316246A (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-02-18 Bf Goodrich Avionics Systemc I Intensity control for fluorescent lamps

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896336A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-07-22 Texas Instruments Inc Solid state fluorescent lamp ballast system
US3999100A (en) * 1975-05-19 1976-12-21 Morton B. Leskin Lamp power supply using a switching regulator and commutator
GB2053592A (en) * 1979-06-26 1981-02-04 Siliani P L Supply and ignition circuit for a fluorescent tube or like device having filaments requiring preliminary heating

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3896336A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-07-22 Texas Instruments Inc Solid state fluorescent lamp ballast system
US3999100A (en) * 1975-05-19 1976-12-21 Morton B. Leskin Lamp power supply using a switching regulator and commutator
GB2053592A (en) * 1979-06-26 1981-02-04 Siliani P L Supply and ignition circuit for a fluorescent tube or like device having filaments requiring preliminary heating

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0677201A1 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1995-10-18 Universal Instrument Corporation Eclairage par l'arriere pour affichage a cristaux liquides
EP0677201A4 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1996-11-06 Avionic Displays Corp Eclairage par l'arriere pour affichage a cristaux liquides.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1982003744A1 (fr) 1982-10-28
NO824199L (no) 1982-12-14
JPS58500633A (ja) 1983-04-21

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